EP3837098B1 - Matériau - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3837098B1
EP3837098B1 EP19794884.7A EP19794884A EP3837098B1 EP 3837098 B1 EP3837098 B1 EP 3837098B1 EP 19794884 A EP19794884 A EP 19794884A EP 3837098 B1 EP3837098 B1 EP 3837098B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamellae
palm
defibrated
leaves
defibration
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP19794884.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3837098A2 (fr
Inventor
Edgar Dechantsreiter
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Trias Palm Recycling Ag
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Trias Palm Recycling Ag
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Publication of EP3837098A2 publication Critical patent/EP3837098A2/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/007—Combined with manufacturing a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/08—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood fibres, e.g. produced by tearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
    • B27L7/02—Arrangements for splitting wood using rotating members, e.g. rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a material with components from palm trees, a processing device for processing vegetable raw products, preferably palm trees, and a method for producing a material.
  • a material can be produced from the raw products, such as plant waste.
  • Processing devices for palm waste are known.
  • the trunk is usually used and chopped into wood chips.
  • the wood chips are pressed together with other materials into panels. However, these do not have high stability.
  • the stalks and/or leaves of the palm tree are also not used.
  • EP0411589A2 discloses a material comprising elongated palm fiber and a binder, the length of the fibers being 100-300 mm.
  • JP2006225547A discloses a processing device for processing the fibers of coconuts, comprising a splitting device for splitting the raw products into elongated semi-finished products, a defibering device for defibering the semi-finished products, and a further processing device for shaping the defibrated semi-finished products into a material.
  • the material comprises elongated, fibrillated lamellae from palm trees and a binder.
  • the material can be a fiber composite material.
  • the starting material of the palm family i.e. the palm material, comes in particular from date, coconut and/or oil palms.
  • the elongated stems which are also called panicles, can be processed.
  • Palm panicles in particular comprise fibers of cellulose and hemicellulose, which is the reinforcement for tensile and flexural strength.
  • a matrix of parenchyma mainly lignin and other substances, is arranged between the fibers, which, for example, ensures compressive strength.
  • the raw product accumulate in large quantities as waste during care.
  • the raw product comes 100% from the care of the plants, so that no plant has to be harvested, no tree felled and/or no plantation has to be cleared.
  • the shredded lamellae or the fibers obtained from the lamellae are elongated. Preferably these are not chopped up.
  • the elongated structure gives the material high stability.
  • the length of the lamellae is at least 7 cm. In contrast to shorter slats, the material is therefore significantly more stable.
  • the length of the shredded lamellae ie the fibers, at least 8 cm or at least 9 cm.
  • the length of the shredded lamellae is at least 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 90 cm or 100 cm.
  • At least two lamellae or fibers, preferably all lamellae or fibers, of the material can in particular be oriented parallel to one another.
  • At least two lamellae or fibers, preferably half of the lamellae or fibers, of the material can be oriented at right angles to one another.
  • the lamellae or fibers can consequently be oriented crosswise.
  • the lamellae or fibers can be aligned randomly.
  • the alignment of the lamellae or fibers can be chosen according to the requirements of the material.
  • the filler of the palm tree in particular parenchyma, is separated from the lamellae or fibers, in particular sucked off.
  • the filler is dissolved during defibration.
  • the filler can be completely or at least partially separated, ie removed. For example, at least 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the filler may be removed.
  • the material is at least essentially free of, e.g. compressed, filler.
  • the lamellae or fibers are wetted with binder, resulting in a homogeneous material.
  • Exemplary tests have yielded the following results:
  • a fiber composite material for example a panel made from palm panicles and palm leaves, where the filler has not been removed and is pressed against the fiber, ie compressed
  • the swelling in thickness is around 74%.
  • the thickness increases to 20.9 mm after 24 h of water storage.
  • the swelling in thickness is about 8%.
  • the thickness increases to 12.9 mm after 24 h of water storage.
  • the swelling in thickness is about 1%.
  • the thickness increases to 12.1 mm after 24 h of water storage.
  • the swelling in thickness is about 0%.
  • the thickness With a bulk density of the test specimen of 980 kg/m 3 and an initial thickness of 12.0 mm, the thickness remains at 12.0 mm after storage in water for 24 hours.
  • the thickness swelling of a low-swelling chipboard for use in damp areas is 17.5%.
  • the thickness increases to 17.5 mm after 24 h of water storage.
  • the filler with the ingredients starch, lignin and/or tannin does not have a negative effect on the material, especially if the filler adhering to the fibers is not compacted and can absorb the binder like a sponge.
  • the fiber which consists in particular of cellulose and hemicellulose, is largely separated from the parenchyma or lignin. The fiber is thus detached from the matrix. The fibers obtained are therefore cellulose and no longer lignocellulose, since only the cellulose fibers are used.
  • the proportion of lamellae or fibers from lamellae is between 40 and 95 percent by weight.
  • the lamellae or fibers from lamellae therefore account for a large proportion of the total weight of the material.
  • the proportion of lamellae or fibers from lamellae is between 50 and 60 percent by weight, for example 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 or 60 percent by weight.
  • the binder is an aminoplast, in particular phenolic resin, PF resin, melamine and/or urea resin, an adhesive, in particular glue or epoxy resin, a dispersion, in particular PVAC, PMDI, polyurethane, a thermoplastic elastomer, clay, as Clay and / or designed as cement.
  • the glue can in particular be white glue.
  • Bio binders can preferably be used.
  • the binder may be formed as a hybrid binder comprising an amino resin and PMDI, e.g., isocyanate.
  • Isocyanates in particular, have the property of ensuring reliable gluing of parts in the fibers that may contain wax.
  • the resin can in particular be a mixed resin, e.g. MUF with PVAc or MUPF with PVAc.
  • the mixed resin can include or consist of urea-formaldehyde (UD).
  • UD urea-formaldehyde
  • the mixed resin can also include or consist of melamine-formaldehyde (MF).
  • MF melamine-formaldehyde
  • the mixed resin may comprise or consist of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) with a hardener and a formaldehyde scavenger.
  • PVAc polyvinyl acetate
  • the formaldehyde scavenger can serve to emit less or no free formaldehyde after curing.
  • a binder can have, for example, 100 kg UF, 25 kg MF, 30 kg PVAc, 30 kg formaldehyde scavenger, 4 kg hardener and 65 kg water.
  • At least one additive can preferably be added to the binder, for example boric acid, boron salts, aluminum hydroxides and/or ammonium phosphates. As a result, the fire protection values can be increased
  • the proportion of binder can in particular be less than 10 percent by weight.
  • the proportion can be between 1 and 10 percent by weight.
  • the material has another raw plant product in the form of palm leaves.
  • the leaves are also particularly frayed.
  • the proportion of the other vegetable raw product can be between 5 and 60 percent by weight, for example between 25 and 40 percent by weight. In particular, the proportion can be between 25 and 30 percent by weight and/or between 30 and 40 percent by weight.
  • the total proportion of fiber material, e.g. fibers from the panicles or lamellae and the leaves, in the material can be more than 90 percent by weight.
  • the fiber material can consist, for example, of about 60% lamellae, i.e. in particular stems, and about 40% leaves.
  • the material is designed as a pressed material.
  • the material is in the form of plate material, beams or a molded part.
  • the material is therefore suitable for various applications.
  • the material can have a raw density of between 251 and 500 kg/m 3 .
  • These light fiber composite materials are particularly the requirements for light materials, the required thermal properties as an insulating material and/or the constantly growing ecological and sustainable demands of the market.
  • the material can have a raw density of between 510 and 850 kg/m 3 .
  • These medium-density fiber composite materials meet the general material requirements in particular, but especially the constantly growing ecological and sustainable demands of the market.
  • the material can have a bulk density of more than 850 kg/m 3 .
  • these dense fiber composite materials meet the highest static, acoustic and/or fire protection requirements. Last but not least, the ecological and sustainable requirements are met.
  • a panel and/or a board made from the original materials panicles and possibly leaves can have a bulk density of about 1000 kg/m 3 , for example 1007 kg/m 3 .
  • the reaction to fire can meet EuroClass B-s 1, d 0.
  • the thermal conductivity can be 0.25 W/mk, for example.
  • the swelling after 24 h water storage can be less than 1%.
  • the tensile strength can be 0.24 N/mm 2 while the flexural strength, ie the modulus of elasticity, can be 87.5 N/mm 2 .
  • a panel and/or a board made of panicles and possibly leaves performs better than glued laminated timber made of spruce (BSH), a coarse particle board made of pine (OSB) and laminated veneer lumber made of beech (LVL):
  • the swelling after 24 hours of water storage can be 18% (BSH), 25% (OSB) or 23% (LVL).
  • the tensile strength can be 0.25 N/mm 2 (BSH), 0.18 N/mm 2 (OSB) or 0.15 N/mm 2 (LVL), while the flexural strength is 26.5 N/mm 2 (BSH ), 20 N/mm 2 (OSB) or 45 N/mm 2 (LVL).
  • Parallam ® with a cross-section of 133 mm by 300 mm can have a characteristic bending moment of 47.88 kNm.
  • the material can be in the form of a multi-layer material made up of at least two, three, four, five, six or more layers with different bulk densities.
  • layers of light, medium-density and/or dense fiber composite materials can be combined.
  • the disclosure also relates to the use of a material according to the invention as a fire protection material.
  • the material is difficult to burn, it is preferable to wood from a fire protection perspective.
  • fire protection doors can be made from the material.
  • the material is particularly waterproof.
  • the material can be used in many ways, e.g. in building construction, in interior design, e.g. as furniture, flooring or the like, in vehicle construction, in mechanical engineering, e.g. as a machine table or the like.
  • the material can also be used as a raw material for the processing industry.
  • Mixed resin as a binder is particularly suitable for many areas of application.
  • the material can have e.g. loam, clay and/or cement as a binder.
  • the material can be used when building with natural materials.
  • the fibers are added to the clay, for example, to reinforce it. In contrast to straw, the fibers have the particular advantage that they do not decompose or only decompose very slowly.
  • the material can be in the form of a clay plate mixed with fibers.
  • the invention also relates to a processing device for processing elongated, vegetable raw products, preferably palm trees.
  • the raw products come in particular from date, coconut and/or oil palms.
  • the elongated stems which are also called panicles, can be processed. These raw products accumulate in large quantities as waste during care.
  • the raw product comes 100% from the care of the plants, so that no plant has to be harvested, no tree felled and/or no plantation has to be cleared.
  • the processing device includes a splitting device for splitting the raw products into elongated lamellae.
  • the length of the raw products and/or the lamellae can be, for example, at least 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm or more.
  • the raw products are accordingly split in the longitudinal direction. Chopping into wood chips or fine chips does not take place.
  • the processing device has a fiberizing device for fiberizing the lamellae.
  • a fiberizing device for fiberizing the lamellae. During defibration, preferably only little pressure is exerted on the lamellae, since the filler parenchyma, which contains starch, lignin and/or tannin, among other things, would have a negative effect on the material.
  • the lamellae are preferably oriented at right angles, lengthwise or in any way to the conveying direction.
  • the processing device includes a further processing device for further processing the lamellas that have been shredded into a material.
  • the material can in particular be a solid and/or stable material, e.g. a fiber composite material.
  • the material can be designed as a panel, in particular a high-strength fiber composite panel, e.g. with phenolic resin, as a beam, as a strip and/or as a molded part.
  • the material can be used in particular, e.g. similar to wood, as a building material, for example in the construction sector, in interior design, but also in vehicle construction and/or industry.
  • the material is difficult to burn, it is preferable to wood from a fire protection perspective.
  • fire protection doors can be made from the material.
  • the material is particularly waterproof.
  • the material Since the stable fibers of the raw products are preserved during processing, the material is extremely stable.
  • Conveying devices e.g. conveyor belts, can preferably be provided between the splitting device, the fiberizing device and the further processing device.
  • the processing device forms a unit, i.e. the raw products are fed to the individual devices one after the other in order to obtain the material at the end.
  • the processing device can be used to process large quantities of raw plant products, in particular stems and/or leaves of the palm tree, into stable materials in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • the splitting device comprises a set of knives with one or more blades arranged in parallel and/or in a grid pattern.
  • the raw products are preferably oriented parallel to the conveying direction and are pushed through the set of knives.
  • the blades are preferably also oriented parallel to one another and/or parallel to the conveying direction. For example, at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more blades can be provided.
  • the raw products When penetrating the set of knives, the raw products are split open and form elongated lamellae.
  • the raw products are particularly easy to split, since there is no firm bond between the fibers.
  • the blade spacing can preferably be between 1 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 2 mm and 5 mm, particularly preferably between 3 mm and 4 mm.
  • the resulting lamellae are correspondingly thick.
  • the raw products can first be bundled by a feed device, for example by vertically oriented bundling rollers.
  • the axes of rotation Bundling rollers can preferably be oriented at right angles to the conveying direction or conveying surface.
  • two bundling rollers can be arranged next to one another on opposite sides of a conveyor device.
  • the raw products can be pressed through the knife set via two horizontally oriented rollers arranged one above the other.
  • the axes of rotation of the horizontal rollers can preferably be oriented at right angles to the conveying direction or parallel to the conveying surface and/or at right angles to the axes of rotation of the bundling rollers.
  • an admixing device for admixing a further vegetable raw product, in particular leaves, is provided between the splitting device and the defibration device.
  • This raw product also preferably comes from palm trees, e.g. the oil, coconut and/or date palm.
  • palm trees e.g. the oil, coconut and/or date palm.
  • all plant waste from the palm tree preferably the entire palm frond including the stalks and leaves, can be used.
  • the other raw plant product e.g. the leaf material
  • the dosing enables a homogeneous distribution.
  • the other raw vegetable product is fed to the defibration device together with the split lamellae and also defibrated.
  • the defibration device comprises a friction device.
  • a friction device When fibers are broken up by friction, little or no pressure is exerted on the lamellae and/or the leaf material. As a result, the fibers from the dissolved out of the natural structure without, for example, the fillers of the palm panicle, eg parenchyma, being pressed. Pressure on the material would result in the undifferentiated filler, which is embedded between the fibers of the panicle, being pressed against the fibers and thus sticking to them.
  • Filler that is compacted and/or pressed against the fibers has negative effects on the material.
  • the gluing quality decreases.
  • the material can also exhibit disadvantageous swelling behavior.
  • the filler separates from the fibers and is sucked off.
  • the friction device comprises at least two friction devices arranged one above the other.
  • the lamellae and/or sheets are transported in the conveying direction between the friction devices in the conveying direction.
  • these are preferably oriented at right angles, along or in any direction to the conveying direction.
  • the rubbing devices grip the slats and/or leaves preferably from below and from above.
  • the friction devices are preferably corrugated and/or profiled.
  • the structure of the rubbing device significantly improves the defibration process.
  • the friction devices can have the same corrugation or profile. Alternatively, these can also be corrugated or profiled differently.
  • the friction devices can have the same or a different direction of rotation.
  • the slats and/or leaves are moved in the same direction at the top and bottom, for example.
  • the friction devices can have or consist of conveyor belts, rollers and/or discs.
  • the conveyor belts can comprise chain plates. If the friction devices are designed as rollers, several rollers can also be arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction.
  • the distance between the friction devices decreases in the conveying direction.
  • the space for the slats and/or leaves is becoming increasingly narrow, so that they eventually fray.
  • the free space between the friction devices preferably narrows conically.
  • the speeds of the friction devices are different.
  • the speed of the upper rubbing device is, e.g., at least 1.1 times, 1.2 times, 1.3 times, 1.4 times, 1.5 times, 1.6 times, 1.7 times, 1.8 times, 1.9 times, 2 times, 2.5 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times or 10 times, greater than the lower friction device speed.
  • a sensor device e.g. a fiber sifter, is provided for analyzing the shredded lamellae, the speed of at least one friction device being adjustable by means of a control device based on the data determined by the sensor device.
  • the fiber thickness or fiber fineness and/or the degree of defibration can be measured. If the result is insufficient, the control device can correspondingly regulate or control the speed of at least one friction device. The speed can be increased or decreased.
  • only the speed of the upper friction device is regulated by the control device.
  • the speed of the lower friction device can in particular correspond to the normal conveying speed and/or remain the same.
  • the speeds of the upper and lower friction devices can also be controlled.
  • a suction device is provided in the area of the defibering device and/or between the defibering device and the further processing device.
  • the suction device is designed to suck off a filler that falls out during defibration.
  • powdered material that falls out during the defibration or the fiber digestion can be separated or sucked off. Due to the ingredients such as starch, glucose, tannin and/or lignin, this material can be used as a raw material for material use, e.g. as bio-plastic or foamed as non-flammable insulating material, or used to generate energy. In particular, electricity and process heat can be generated from biogas and/or methanol. The material can also be used as animal feed, for example.
  • the further processing device comprises a binding device, in particular a gluing device.
  • glue an aminoplast such as phenolic resin, PF resin, melamine and/or urea resin
  • an adhesive a dispersion such as PVAC, PMDI, polyurethane, epoxy resin, loam, clay and/or cement
  • a binder an aminoplast such as phenolic resin, PF resin, melamine and/or urea resin
  • an adhesive a dispersion such as PVAC, PMDI, polyurethane, epoxy resin, loam, clay and/or cement
  • the further processing device comprises at least one pressing device.
  • the fiberized lamellas and/or leaves provided with the binding agent can be pressed into a material, for example into a board or a beam.
  • the invention also relates to a method for processing elongated, vegetable raw products from palm trees with a processing device according to the invention.
  • the raw products resulting from the care can be delivered to collection points, for example.
  • the material can be processed for the first time.
  • the so-called frond sleeve can be cut, e.g. using a cross saw.
  • the resulting dust can in particular be sucked off.
  • the tufting tube contains relatively little fiber material in relation to its mass and is therefore only conditionally suitable for the method according to the invention, although this is possible in principle.
  • the frond sleeve is chopped up in a chipper and e.g. stored. This material is then used in other production areas.
  • the palm fronds can be cleaned of coarse dirt, e.g. If necessary, a preventive spraying with a fungicide is preferably carried out afterwards to avoid the formation of mold.
  • a penetrant enhancer is provided.
  • a spraying device for spraying the penetration enhancer onto the palm tree, in particular the panicles and/or the leaves, can be provided.
  • the material can optionally be sprayed with a chemical solution that dissolves the natural wax layer on the surface of the material, i.e. the cuticle, in particular both the stems and the leaves. This significantly improves the penetration of the binder and thus the gluing quality.
  • the surface of the panicles and/or especially the leaves consists of a layer of wax.
  • Wax acts as a separating agent on many binders, ie fiber components with wax do not form a secure connection or bond.
  • a chemical penetration promoter e.g. an alkylcarboxamide
  • an alkylcarboxamide can either be applied beforehand during the manufacturing process or added to the binder as an additive.
  • Such agents are known from treatment with plant protection agents.
  • These penetrants allow the natural vegetable wax layer of the cuticle, which is mainly on the surface of the leaves and the shell of the panicles, to be dissolved, thus allowing penetration of the binder.
  • better adhesion and/or greater strength is achieved as a result.
  • incorrect gluing in the materials can be avoided.
  • the palm leaves which, in contrast to the panicles, consist almost exclusively of stable fibers, can be mechanically separated or separated from the panicles, for example by means of a knife rotor.
  • the resulting dust can in particular be sucked off.
  • the leaves can then be pressed into compact bales, for example in a baling press, which reduces the storage volume and simplifies storage and/or transport.
  • the panicles can be cut to a defined length, in particular clipped, in the throughput.
  • the length can depend in particular on the size of the fiberization device.
  • the panicles can then be bundled.
  • the panicles cut to the defined length can form the elongated, vegetable raw products.
  • the raw products are split into elongated lamellae.
  • the raw products are not chopped up into wood chips and/or fine shavings, but the natural fibers, which give the palm fronds their enormous stability, for example, remain as long fibers in order to transfer the positive material properties to the material.
  • the stalks are pushed lengthwise, for example by a set of knives, which splits the compact stalks into long lamellae. In this way, the fibers are exposed.
  • another vegetable raw product e.g. the previously separated leaves
  • the admixing can in particular be metered in order to obtain a homogeneous distribution.
  • the lamellae and/or leaves are then shredded.
  • the fibers are separated from the natural structure.
  • the pure fibers are obtained without the ingredients of the panicle, which have a negative effect on the end product.
  • the fibers are broken up at least essentially by friction so as not to exert any pressure on the material.
  • the fibers obtained can, for example, be sorted again and fed to further use.
  • the shredded lamellas and/or leaves are then further processed into a material.
  • the shredded lamellae are treated with a binding agent and pressed.
  • the fibers can be transported further, for example by an air stream, wetted or sprayed with a binder, e.g., adhesive, and/or dried as required, for example by an infrared drying device, when using liquid binders.
  • a binder e.g., adhesive
  • binders can be used, which can harden during use through different physical and/or chemical processes.
  • the fibers can be formed into a so-called fiber cake, in which case the thickness and/or bulk density of the material is defined in particular.
  • fiber composite materials e.g. boards
  • fiber composite materials can be produced from this fiber cake, preferably in a hot press, using high pressure and/or high heat.
  • the pressure and/or heat leads in particular to a reaction and/or hardening of the binder, e.g. the adhesive.
  • the fibers provided with a binder can be pressed, for example under the influence of pressure and/or heat, to form flat panel materials, beams and/or molded parts.
  • a fiber mat can be formed in a forming station and the bulk density of the material can be defined.
  • the fiber mat can be compacted and/or calibrated in a pre-press and a subsequent curing unit designed as a main press.
  • the materials can in particular be further processed, for example by sizing into panels and/or beams.
  • the disclosure also relates to a material that is obtained by the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a processing device in which elongated, vegetable raw products 10, for example panicles of palm trees, are fed to a splitting device 14 via a conveying device designed as a conveyor belt 12 in the conveying direction (cf. arrow).
  • the raw products 10 split into lamellae are then deflected by a further conveying device 12 and are now lying transversely to the conveying direction.
  • the split panicles 10 and leaves 18 reach a defibration device 20 and are defibrated there.
  • the resulting powdery substances can be separated by a suction device 22 .
  • a further processing device 24 for further processing of the shredded panicles 10 and leaves 18 follows.
  • the further processing device 24 comprises a binding device designed as a gluing device 26 .
  • a continuous pre-press 28 of the further processing device 24 the glued panicles 10 and leaves 18 are pressed into raw mats.
  • An optional diagonal saw 30 can cut the raw mats.
  • the raw mats can be temporarily stored in a buffer 32, for example.
  • the raw mats can be glued in a mat gluing device 34 .
  • a dosing device 36 which can include a scale.
  • the glued raw mats are pressed in a main press 38 .
  • the raw density and/or the thickness of the material is defined by the main press 38 using high pressure and/or high heat.
  • a discharge belt and/or a cooling star 40 follows.
  • the materials can be stacked by means of a stacking device 42 .
  • the stacking device 42 can in particular have a maturing store for the materials.
  • the materials can, for example, be unstacked, ground, sawn up and/or separated.
  • the sawing can be done in particular by means of a multi-blade saw. Dust can be sucked off.
  • the set of knives 44 comprises a multiplicity of blades oriented parallel to one another and/or parallel to the conveying direction.
  • the raw products 10 are pressed lengthwise through the set of knives 44 . To this end, they can first be bundled by two vertically oriented bundling rollers 46 .
  • the spacing between the bundling rollers 46 and/or the degree of bundling can be adjusted hydraulically and/or pneumatically.
  • Two horizontally oriented rollers 48 arranged one above the other finally press the raw products 10 through the set of knives 44.
  • the lower roller 48 is shown in FIG 3 to see.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show detailed views of a defibration device 20 with two friction devices 50.
  • an alignment device 52 can be provided for parallel positioning of the supplied material.
  • the friction devices 50 are designed, for example, as corrugated conveyor belts. The distance between the friction devices 50 becomes smaller and smaller in the conveying direction. The panicles 10 and/or leaves 18 conveyed transversely to the conveying direction are thus unraveled by friction.
  • the upper friction device 50 can rotate in a counter-clockwise direction, while the lower friction device 50 can rotate in a clockwise direction.
  • the rotational speed of the upper friction device 50 is preferably substantially higher than the rotational speed of the lower friction device 50.
  • the quality or fineness of the fibers can be checked in a sensor device designed as a fiber sifter 54 .
  • the fibers obtained can be sorted again.
  • the speed of at least one friction device 50, preferably the upper friction device 50, can also be adjusted using the determined data.
  • FIG. 6 shows a material designed as a beam 56 with elongated, shredded lamellae 58, i.e. fibers, from palm trees and a binding agent 60.
  • the shape of the material 56 is fundamentally arbitrary.
  • beams 56 plates or the like can also be formed.
  • the binding agent 60 can in particular be a mixed resin, e.g. urea-formaldehyde.
  • the material can also have, for example, melamine-formaldehyde as a binder 60 in addition to shredded lamellae 58 .
  • the material 56 can have, in addition to shredded lamellae 58, as a binder 60, for example polyvinyl acetate with a hardener and a formaldehyde scavenger.
  • a binder 60 for example polyvinyl acetate with a hardener and a formaldehyde scavenger.
  • the material 56 also has palm leaves 18 as a further raw vegetable product.
  • the sheets 18 can also preferably be shredded.
  • the material 56 forms in particular a fiber composite material. For example, this can have been produced in a processing device according to the invention.
  • an insulating material 62 is shown, which can be produced by foaming filler 64 .
  • the filler 64 is sucked off during the production of a material 56 .
  • the filler 64 can be ground, e.g.
  • the ground filler 64 is mixed with the liquid to form a suspension, releasing, for example, starch and/or lignin.
  • the mixing can take place in particular by means of a pan mill and/or a mixer.
  • a physical foaming agent such as knitted fabric and/or baking soda may be added.
  • the mixture consequently foams up.
  • the liquid evaporates and the insulating material 62 remains.
  • the shape of the insulating material 62 is basically arbitrary. For example, plates can be formed.
  • molded parts can also be produced, e.g. for packaging and/or vehicle construction.
  • the insulating material can have a bulk density of between 72 and 250 kg/m 3 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of a palm panicle 10 with fibers 58, filler 64, in particular parenchyma, and a wax layer 68, in particular cuticle.
  • the palm panicle 10 was split into lamellae 70.
  • the fibers 58 are naturally bonded to the filler 64 .
  • the fibers 58 are in particular at least partially uncovered.
  • the lamellae 70 can now be separated.
  • the lamella 70 is defibrated in the defibration device 20, whereby the natural composite is broken up by friction and thereby separated into elongated fibers 58 and filler in 64 in the form of powdered material.
  • the waxy cuticle is usually removed, e.g. mechanically detached, so that gluing is possible at all. Also, a heat treatment such as carbonization is often performed.
  • FIG. 12 shows a front view of the shredded lamellae 58.
  • These fibers 58 can be produced in particular from the palm panicle 10 by means of fiber digestion through the action of friction. Here, the natural bond is dissolved, whereby stable, elongated fibers 58 that are as pure as possible are obtained.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Matériau (56), comprenant
    des lamelles allongées défibrées (58) de palmiers, ainsi que un liant (60),
    la longueur des lamelles défibrées (58), donc des fibres, étant d'au moins 20 cm, et
    le matériau (56) comprenant des feuilles de palmier comme autre produit végétal brut (18).
  2. Matériau (56) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la matière de charge (64) qu'est le parenchyme des palmiers est séparée des lamelles défibrées (58).
  3. Matériau (56) selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la proportion de lamelles défibrées (58) est comprise entre 40 et 95 % en poids.
  4. Matériau (56) selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la proportion de lamelles défibrées (58) est comprise entre 50 et 60 % en poids.
  5. Matériau (56) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le liant (60) est réalisé sous forme d'aminoplaste, de résine PF, de mélamine et/ou de résine d'urée, sous forme de colle, sous la forme d'une dispersion, sous forme d'élastomère thermoplastique, sous forme de glaise, sous forme d'argile et/ou sous forme de ciment.
  6. Matériau (56) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le matériau est réalisé sous forme de matériau pressé (56).
  7. Matériau (56) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le matériau présente une valeur de densité brute comprise entre 251 et 500 kg/m3, ou
    le matériau présente une valeur de densité brute comprise entre 510 et 850 kg/m3, ou
    le matériau présente une valeur de densité brute supérieure à 850 kg/m3.
  8. Matériau (56) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le matériau est réalisé sous forme de matériau multicouche composé d'au moins deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six ou plus de couches ayant des valeurs de densité brute différentes.
  9. Dispositif de traitement pour traiter des produits végétaux bruts allongés (10) de palmiers, comprenant
    un dispositif de fendage (14) pour fendre les produits bruts (10) en lamelles allongées (58),
    un dispositif de défibrage (20) pour défibrer les lamelles (58) et des feuilles de palmier (18), et
    un dispositif de traitement ultérieur (24) pour transformer les lamelles défibrées (58) et les feuilles de palmier défibrées (18) en un matériau (56), la longueur des lamelles défibrées (58), donc des fibres, étant d'au moins 20 cm, et
    au niveau du dispositif de défibrage (20) et/ou entre le dispositif de défibrage (230) et le dispositif de traitement ultérieur (24), il est prévu un dispositif d'aspiration (22) pour évacuer par aspiration la matière de charge (64) qu'est le parenchyme des palmiers.
  10. Dispositif de traitement selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de fendage (14) comprend un jeu de lames (44) ayant plusieurs lames disposées parallèlement et/ou en forme de grille.
  11. Dispositif de traitement selon la revendication 9 ou 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    entre le dispositif de fendage (14) et le dispositif de défibrage (20), il est prévu un dispositif d'ajout (16) pour ajouter les feuilles de palmier (18).
  12. Dispositif de traitement selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de défibrage (20) comprend un dispositif de friction.
  13. Procédé de traitement de produits végétaux bruts allongés (10) de palmiers au moyen d'un dispositif de traitement selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel
    les produits bruts (10) sont fendus en lamelles allongées (58),
    les lamelles (58) et les feuilles de palmier (18) sont défibrées, et
    les lamelles défibrées (58), donc les fibres, et les feuilles de palmier défibrées (18) sont transformées en un matériau (56),
    la longueur des lamelles défibrées (58) est d'au moins 20 cm, et
    la matière de charge (64) qu'est le parenchyme des palmiers est évacuée par aspiration lors du défibrage des lamelles (58).
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les lamelles défibrées (58) sont pourvues d'un liant (60) et sont pressées.
EP19794884.7A 2018-10-08 2019-10-07 Matériau Active EP3837098B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018124706.0A DE102018124706A1 (de) 2018-10-08 2018-10-08 Bearbeitungsvorrichtung
PCT/EP2019/077072 WO2020074437A2 (fr) 2018-10-08 2019-10-07 Matériau

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EP3837098B1 true EP3837098B1 (fr) 2022-04-27

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JP (1) JP7148771B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN113573861B (fr)
DE (1) DE102018124706A1 (fr)
MA (2) MA53821A (fr)
WO (2) WO2020074447A2 (fr)

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US3464877A (en) * 1964-07-22 1969-09-02 Robert B Miller Sugarcane processing
DE2120823A1 (de) * 1971-04-28 1972-11-09 Himmelheber, Max, Dipl.-Ing., 7296 Klosterreichenbach Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holzfaserstoff
DE2263964A1 (de) * 1972-12-29 1974-07-04 B Maier Kg 4812 Maschf Verfahren zur herstellung von holzwerkstoff-formteilen
JP2749650B2 (ja) * 1989-08-01 1998-05-13 有限会社エステートルース 自動車用成形天井材及びその製造方法
DE4239786A1 (de) * 1992-11-26 1994-06-01 Martin Bronnhuber Spaltvorrichtung zum Spalten von Holzstämmen
JPH08336816A (ja) * 1995-04-12 1996-12-24 Onnetsu Kankyo Kaihatsu Kk 板状体又は成形体及びその製法
JPH0994887A (ja) * 1995-09-29 1997-04-08 Shoji Akiyama ３次元やし殻長繊維構造体マット強化樹脂成形体、その積層体、これらの製造方法およびこれらの用途
JP2007307914A (ja) 1997-12-25 2007-11-29 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 繊維板
US6197414B1 (en) * 1997-12-25 2001-03-06 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Fiberboard and manufacturing method thereof
DE10139987A1 (de) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-06 Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserplatten
JP2006225547A (ja) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-31 Japan Science & Technology Agency 成形材料組成物、成形体およびその製造方法
DE102007025331A1 (de) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Steico Ag Mehrschichtige Werkstoffplatte, insbesondere aus Hanf
JP2011093125A (ja) * 2009-10-27 2011-05-12 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 長繊維ボードおよび長繊維複合ボード
JP2012051169A (ja) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-15 Engineering Research Associates Inc 配向性ストランドボード
HK1147164A2 (en) * 2011-03-18 2011-07-29 Palmeco Tech Ltd Board made from oil palm fiber and magnesium oxide and the manufacture process thereof
JP5914825B2 (ja) * 2012-10-10 2016-05-11 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 繊維ボード
CN103436236A (zh) * 2013-08-28 2013-12-11 李美凤 棕榈纤维增强环保型刹车片及其制备方法
MY201099A (en) 2017-05-25 2024-02-05 Palmholz Co Ltd Palm material utilization method, and wood-based material and method for manufacturing same

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DE102018124706A1 (de) 2020-04-09
MA53232B1 (fr) 2022-10-31
CN113573861A (zh) 2021-10-29
MA53232A (fr) 2021-12-22
WO2020074447A2 (fr) 2020-04-16
CN113573861B (zh) 2024-02-06
EP3860819A2 (fr) 2021-08-11
WO2020074447A3 (fr) 2020-07-16
WO2020074437A3 (fr) 2020-07-16
JP7148771B2 (ja) 2022-10-06
MA53821A (fr) 2022-01-12
EP3837098A2 (fr) 2021-06-23
JP2022512000A (ja) 2022-02-01
WO2020074437A2 (fr) 2020-04-16

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