EP2786849B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un panneau de fibres multicouche, et panneau de fibres multicouche - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un panneau de fibres multicouche, et panneau de fibres multicouche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2786849B1
EP2786849B1 EP14158756.8A EP14158756A EP2786849B1 EP 2786849 B1 EP2786849 B1 EP 2786849B1 EP 14158756 A EP14158756 A EP 14158756A EP 2786849 B1 EP2786849 B1 EP 2786849B1
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Prior art keywords
fibres
layered
binding agent
density
cover layers
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EP14158756.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2786849A1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Homann
Matthias TRÖGER
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Homann Holzwerkstoffe GmbH
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Homann Holzwerkstoffe GmbH
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Priority to SI201430822T priority Critical patent/SI2786849T1/sl
Priority to PL14158756T priority patent/PL2786849T3/pl
Publication of EP2786849A1 publication Critical patent/EP2786849A1/fr
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Publication of EP2786849B1 publication Critical patent/EP2786849B1/fr
Priority to HRP20181093TT priority patent/HRP20181093T1/hr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a sandwich fibreboard in a dry process, in particular an ultralight MDF sandwich panel, and a sandwich fiberboard, in particular an ultralight MDF sandwich panel, with a mean apparent density of over 400 kg / m 3 of lignocellulosic fibers, especially wood fibers, and binders.
  • Fiberboard of lignocellulosic fibers, in particular wood fibers, as such, and methods for their preparation are well known in the art, so it does not require a separate documentary evidence at this point.
  • a medium-density fiberboard, or MDF board for short is typically a board made of a wood-fiber material.
  • the average bulk density of an MDF board is between 650 kg / m 3 and 800 kg / m 3 . Plates with an average density of more than 800 kg / m 3 are referred to as high-density fibreboard (HDF) and with a mean apparent density of less than 650 kg / m 3 as lightweight MDF. With a mean bulk density of less than 550 kg / m 3 is called ultralight MDF.
  • HDF high-density fibreboard
  • a medium-density fiberboard and also an ultralight MDF board is typically carried out in the so-called dry process.
  • glued and dry fibers are produced in the so-called blow-line gluing, the one Moisture content of less than 12% atro, with alternative Beleimungsmethoden known in the art.
  • Alternative gluing methods are, for example, mixer gluing and dry fiber gluing. After a gluing of the fibers, a further drying process takes place alternatively or optionally.
  • the dry and glued fibers are then applied, for example, by means of a spreader to a spreading mat.
  • a conveyor belt is used for this purpose, onto which the spreading machine scatters.
  • the scattering mat is pressed and there is a binder hardening by heat input. This is usually done on continuous or discontinuous hot presses.
  • the plate strand produced in the manner described above can then be trimmed and cut to size as desired to form individual plates.
  • An advanced process implementation is from the EP 1 110 687 B2 known.
  • the method described here relates to the production of lightweight fiberboards with an average density of 60 to 350 kg / m 3 , which are used as thermal insulation boards in construction
  • the peculiarity of the method described here is that a Roh Whyprofil is formed, which is followed by a Randerhöhung the apparent density compared to the average density of the fiberboard of at least 20%.
  • This is procedurally achieved in that the litter mat is sprayed with water before decking.
  • the result is a lightweight fiberboard, which has in terms of their large surface edge regions whose density is at least 20% above the average density. These edge regions typically have a thickness of about 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • EP 1 236 552 A1 Another prior art forms the EP 1 236 552 A1 , This discloses a wet or semi-dry process for the production of wood-based panels, such.
  • fibers are used which have no adhesive or only a small proportion of adhesive.
  • the fibers are scattered on a conveyor belt to a fiber mat and brought by introducing saturated steam and hot water spraying to a moisture content of at least 25%.
  • Both coarse and fine fibers can be used in the scattering of the fiber mat, the coarse fibers preferably being scattered at the fiber mat center and the fine fibers being spread as cover layers.
  • the formation of a closed surface on the fiberboard is called, whereby the paint consumption can be lowered during a subsequent painting.
  • a process for the production of wood-based panels from a mixture of binder-added lignocellulose and / or cellulose-containing particles is known.
  • glued wood fibers are first sprinkled onto a forming belt to form a pressed material mat, which then passes through a microwave preheating device and is then pressed in a press with heatable press / heating plates.
  • the outer layers are vapor-deposited with wet steam during the process. It is set such a moisture gradient, wherein the outer layers are moister than the inner layers.
  • an improved heat transfer is ensured in the interior of the plate during the subsequent pressing process, and compensates for the faster evaporation in the outer regions of the plate. In this way, a homogeneous multi-layer fiberboard can be produced.
  • the fiberboard to be produced is characterized in that it has a homogeneous structure over its entire thickness.
  • the EP 0 346 864 A2 discloses a method of making multi-layer particleboard by hot-pressing binder-added wood chips. Both in a core layer and in two outer layers surrounding the core layer, isocyanate is used identically as a binder for the wood chips.
  • the US 2010/0989933 A1 discloses a lightweight engineered wood panel and method for their production.
  • the wood-based panel is currently not produced in a one-step process, but rather initially an upper and lower cover layer are provided, then compacted and only then is an intermediate layer foamed.
  • a fiberboard which is formed as a sandwich fiberboard and has three layers. There are two outer cover layers and a middle layer arranged between the two cover layers. The cover layers are formed from a first spreading material and the middle layer from a second spreading material. The first spreading material contains first fibers and a first binder and the second spreading material contains second fibers and a second binder. It is important that the second fibers are coarser than the first fibers and the first fibers are more moist than the second fibers. It can be formed as a scattering mat, which has a stiffer compared to the outer layers middle layer.
  • the fibers of the middle layer which are coarser and drier compared to the fibers of the cover layers.
  • the fibers of the cover layers are wetter and finer, which sets cover layers which are less rigid than the middle layer before the pressing process.
  • different resistances, ie counterforces result, so that as a result layers with different density are obtained.
  • density differences between outer layers on the one hand and middle layer on the other hand can be achieved above 100%. Different moisture contents can already be set in a targeted manner during fiber drying so that additional process steps for subsequent moistening are not required are.
  • the formed sandwich structure is one with an actual layer structure. It is in contrast, for example, to EP 1 110 687 B2 not only achieved in the thickness not defined in detail edge overshoot of the density in the near-surface edge region. Instead, according to the process design, a medium-density fiberboard is produced which has defined cover and middle layers in its thickness.
  • the second fibers are coarser than the first fibers formed and have, for example, a length of 5mm - 12mm and an average thickness of 0.4mm.
  • the first fibers have, for example, a length of 2 mm - 5 mm and have a thickness of 0.1 mm.
  • the process side is provided that two materials are produced. These materials differs depending on the fibers used on the one hand and on the binder used on the other hand.
  • To form a three-layer scattering mat three layers of spreading material are sprinkled on each other.
  • the two outer cover layers contain only the first spreading material, whereas the middle layer formed between the two covering layers contains only the second spreading material. It is achieved as a defined three-layer construction. In this case, the thickness of a respective layer is freely selectable, which allows the process side to be able to influence the subsequent properties of the plate produced by the method specifically.
  • the plate produced by the disclosed method proves to be particularly advantageous over previously known plates because it has a high strength and bending stiffness with a comparatively low average density due to its sandwich-type construction. This makes it possible to make the fiberboard comparatively thin, without resulting in a reduced load capacity.
  • the fibreboard produced by the disclosed method has a comparatively high transverse tensile strength of 0.3 N / mm 2 . This strength corresponds to the strength of chipboard with a density of 600 kg / m 3 to 700 kg / m 3 . A strength on this scale was not to be expected and surprising in view of the low compared to chipboard bulk density.
  • the disclosed method implementation is advantageously comparatively easy to handle and also provides reproducible results.
  • the two scattering materials used can preferably be prepared with the desired moisture content and stored until they are used as intended.
  • the spreading of the grit can be done with conventional spreading machines, in the simplest case, three individual scattering machines are provided, which scatter one behind the other on a conveyor belt, so that sets in overlaying the scattering processes of the already described three-layered layer structure.
  • pressing can then take place with simultaneous heating, so that the finished plate can be produced in only one work step.
  • hot presses can be used, which operate either continuously or discontinuously.
  • the disclosed method implementation proves over that of the prior art, for example, according to the EP 1 110 687 B2 known process implementation as simple, since it can be dispensed with the complex process step of water entry into the scattering mat.
  • provided by the prior art method of known method step of water entry is therefore complicated, because the scattering mat located on a conveyor belt is to be humidified from below, ie band side. This makes comparatively complicated spraying and / or moistening devices necessary, which can be dispensed with completely according to the method according to the invention.
  • the device side is proposed to solve the above object, a medium-density sandwich fiber board having an average bulk density of about 400 kg / m 3 of lignocellulose-containing fibers, in particular wood fibers, and binder which is formed in three layers and two outer layers, and one between the two cover layers formed middle layer, wherein the two outer layers of a first grit of first fibers and a first binder and the middle layer of a second grit of second fibers and a second binder are formed, wherein the second fibers are formed coarser than the first fibers, and wherein the cover layers have a density which is the density of the Middle layer by more than 50%, preferably by more than 50% to 100%, more preferably by 70% to 120%, more preferably exceeds 80% to 100%.
  • the advantages associated with such a sandwich panel are, in particular, the improved flexural rigidity and transverse tensile strength with equal weight compared to a previously known from the prior art plate.
  • the cover layers compared to the middle layer, contain comparatively finer particles or fibers, which makes it possible to machine and coat the fiber board without further preparation using the methods of the furniture industry.
  • the humidity of the first fibers is adjusted to 12% to 16% atro, preferably to 13% to 15% atro.
  • the fiber moisture is thus below 20% atro, whereby the disclosed process performance in the dry, i. is carried out as a dry process.
  • the fibers constituting the middle layer are set lower and are for example 4% to 6% atro, preferably 4.5% to 5.5% atro.
  • the fibers of the middle layer are significantly less moist, i. drier than the fibers of the cover layers.
  • the first spreading material comprises as the first binder modified polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI).
  • a polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate EMDI
  • a binder mixture is proposed as binder for the second spreading material. This comprises the first binder and, as further addition, polyol.
  • the use of polyol advantageously supports the transverse tensile strength achieved with the fiberboard according to the invention.
  • the proportion of first binder in the first spreading material is 4% to 6%.
  • the proportion of the first binder in the second spreading material is preferably also 4% to 6%, the proportion of polyol in the second spreading material preferably being set at 0.1% to 2%.
  • additives may be added in each case in the first and in the second spreading material.
  • a hydrophobing agent for example in a proportion of 1.5%.
  • the pressing of the scattering mat is preferably done away-time-controlled, ie not pressure controlled. In this case, a maximum pressure of 1.5 N / mm 2 is exercised.
  • the step of co-pressing and heating is preferably carried out by means of a smooth closed PressBC plate. This is heated to a plate temperature of for example 180 ° C. Due to the heat input, the binder is cured, so that after completion of the pressing, the fiberboard is formed finished. It can then be followed by an edge trimming and a cut to length.
  • the pressing step may optionally be precompressed precompressing. It may also be provided a calibration process, if necessary, after each spreader to strip off any excess material before pressing.
  • Fig. 1 can be seen in a schematic representation of the process implementation for producing a medium density sandwich fiberboard 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a detail in detail a manufactured according to the procedure medium-density sandwich fiber board. 1
  • the middle-density fibreboard 1 has an upper cover layer 2 and a lower cover layer 3.
  • a middle layer 4 is formed between the two cover layers 2 and 3. According to this structure, it is in the Fiber board 1 around a sandwiched fiberboard. 1
  • the cover layers 2 and 3 have comparatively fine fibers 5 compared to the middle layer 4.
  • the fibers 6 of the middle layer 4 are comparatively coarser.
  • the fiberboard 1 according to the invention has a mean apparent density of over 400 kg / m 3 .
  • the cover layers 2 and 3 have a mean apparent density of, for example, 700 kg / m 3
  • the average density of the middle layer 4 is, for example, 350 kg / m 3 . It is important, however, that a density profile is established across the thickness of the fiberboard 1, wherein the cover layers 2 and 3, in contrast to the middle layer 4, have a significantly higher density.
  • the density of the cover layers 2 and 3 is more than 50% higher than the density of the middle layer 4.
  • a first binder 7 which is, for example, a polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and polyol 8 as a further binder.
  • a first spreading material 9 is formed from the first fibers 5 and the first binder 7.
  • a second spreading material 10 is formed from the second fibers 6 and a second binder comprising the first binder 7 and a further binder 8. The thus produced spreading material 9 and 10 can be stored in corresponding dosing bins 11 and 12.
  • three spreading machines 13, 14 and 15 are provided, which are each provided by the metering bins 11 and 12 with a stream of material.
  • the spreading machines 13, 14 and 15 cooperate with a conveyor belt 16, which is arranged below the gravity of the spreading machines 13, 14 and 15 below.
  • the conveyor belt 16 moves in the transport direction 17 according to the arrow.
  • the spreading machines 13, 14 and 15 scatter on the conveyor belt 16.
  • a first cover layer 20 formed by the first scattering machine 13 is formed.
  • the second scattering machine 14 is formed.
  • This middle layer 21 is finally followed by an upper cover layer 19 which is formed by the third spreading machines 15.
  • Overall, a spreading mat 18 formed by the spreading machines 13, 14 and 15 thus results.
  • the scattering mat 18 is fed to a hot press 22 in the next method step.
  • compression of the scattering mat 18 takes place, which results in the already described fiber board 1 as a result.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un panneau de fibres multicouche (1) par moyen de procédé sec, notamment d'un panneau multicouche MDF ultraléger, comprenant une densité brute moyenne de plus de 400 kg/m3, à partir des fibres lignocellulosiques (5, 6), notamment des fibres de bois, et d'un agent liant (7, 8), dans lequel on produit, dans une première étape, une première matière à épandre (9) à partir de premières fibres (5) et d'un premier agent liant (7) et une deuxième matière à épandre (10) à partir de deuxièmes fibres (6) et d'un deuxième agent liant (7, 8), les deuxièmes fibres (6) étant sélectionnées de sorte qu'elles sont plus grossières que les premières fibres (5) et les premières fibres (5) étant sélectionnées de sorte qu'elles sont plus humides que les deuxièmes fibres (6), dans lequel on produit, dans une deuxième étape, une natte d'épandage à trois couches (18) par l'épandage de trois couches (19, 20, 21) de matière à épandre (9, 10), les deux couches de revêtement extérieures (19, 20) ne contenant que la première matière à épandre (9) et la couche intermédiaire (21) formée entre les deux couche de revêtement (19, 20) ne contenant que la deuxième matière à épandre (10), et dans lequel on presse et chauffe simultanément la natte d'épandage à trois couches (18) dans une troisième étape, et les couches de revêtement (19, 20) étant formées avec une densité, qui excède la densité de la couche intermédiaire (21) de plus de 50%, de préférence de plus de 50% à 150%, de plus grande préférence de 70% à 120%, et de préférence particulière de 80% à 100%.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'humidité de fibre des premières fibres (5) est fixée de12% à 16% atro, de préférence de13% à 15 % atro.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'humidité de fibre des deuxièmes fibres (6) est fixée de4% à 6% atro, de préférence de 4,5% à 5,5 % atro.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un diphénylméthane-diisocyanate polymérique modifié (PMDI) et/ou un diphénylméthane-diisocyanate polymérique (EMDI) comme premier agent liant (7).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un mélange d'agent liant composé du premier agent liant (7) et de polyol (8) comme deuxième agent liant (7, 8).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on fixe la proportion du premier agent liant (7) dans la première matière à épandre (9) à une gamme comprise entre 4% et 6%.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on fixe la proportion du premier agent liant (7) dans la deuxième matière à épandre (10) à une gamme comprise entre 4% et 6%, et la proportion de polyol (8) dans la deuxième matière à épandre (10) à une gamme comprise entre 0,1 % et 2%.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on ajoute un agent hydrophobant, notamment une émulsion de paraffine, à la deuxième matière à épandre (10), de préférence dans une proportion de 1,5%.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le pressage se fait de manière commandée par le chemin et le temps avec une pression maximale de pressage de préférence de 1,5 N/mm2.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de procédé du pressage et du chauffage simultanés est exécutée par moyen de panneaux de pressage et de chauffage fermés de manière lisse, qui sont chauffés à une température de plaque de préférence de 180°C.
  11. Panneau de fibres multicouche, notamment un panneau multicouche MDF ultraléger, comprenant une densité brute moyenne de plus de 400 kg/m3, à partir des fibres lignocellulosiques (5, 6), notamment des fibres de bois, et d'un agent liant (7, 8), lequel panneau est composé de trois couches et comprend deux couches de revêtement (2, 3) et une couche intermédiaire (4) formée entre les deux couches de revêtement (2, 3), les deux couches de revêtement (2, 3) étant composées d'une première matière à épandre (9) à base de premières fibres (5) et d'un premier agent liant (7) et la couche intermédiaire (4) étant composée d'une deuxième matière à épandre (10) à base de deuxièmes fibres (6) et d'un deuxième agent liant (7, 8), les deuxièmes fibres (6) étant plus grossières que les premières fibres (5) et les couches de revêtement (2, 3) comprenant une densité, qui excède la densité de la couche intermédiaire (4) de plus de 50%, de préférence de plus de 50% à 150%, de plus grande préférence de 70% à 120%, et de préférence particulière de 80% à 100%.
  12. Panneau de fibres multicouche selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la densité de la couche intermédiaire (4) est comprise entre 300 kg/m3 et 400 kg/m3, et est de préférence 350 kg/m3.
  13. Panneau de fibres multicouche selon la revendication 11 ou la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la densité des couche de revêtement (2, 3) est comprise entre 600 kg/m3 et 800 kg/m3, de préférence entre 650 kg/m3 et 770 kg/m3, et elle est de préférence particulière 700 kg/m3.
  14. Panneau de fibres multicouche selon l'une des revendications précédentes 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les couches de revêtement (2, 3) comprennent chacune une épaisseur comprise entre 1 mm et 4 mm, de préférence entre 2 mm et 3 mm.
  15. Panneau de fibres multicouche selon l'une des revendications précédentes 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la couche intermédiaire (4) comprend une épaisseur de plus de 10 mm, de préférence comprise entre 10 mm et 60 m, de préférence particulière comprise entre 15 mm et 50 mm.
EP14158756.8A 2013-04-02 2014-03-11 Procédé de fabrication d'un panneau de fibres multicouche, et panneau de fibres multicouche Active EP2786849B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201430822T SI2786849T1 (sl) 2013-04-02 2014-03-11 Postopek za izdelavo večslojne vlaknene plošče in pa večslojna vlaknena plošča
PL14158756T PL2786849T3 (pl) 2013-04-02 2014-03-11 Sposób wytwarzania warstwowej płyty pilśniowej oraz warstwowa płyta pilśniowa
HRP20181093TT HRP20181093T1 (hr) 2013-04-02 2018-07-11 Postupak proizvodnje višeslojnih vlaknastih ploča, kao i višeslojne vlaknaste ploče

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013103272.9A DE102013103272B4 (de) 2013-04-02 2013-04-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Sandwich-Faserplatte

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2786849A1 EP2786849A1 (fr) 2014-10-08
EP2786849B1 true EP2786849B1 (fr) 2018-05-23

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EP (1) EP2786849B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013103272B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK2786849T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2677724T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20181093T1 (fr)
HU (1) HUE039726T2 (fr)
LT (1) LT2786849T (fr)
PL (1) PL2786849T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2786849T (fr)
SI (1) SI2786849T1 (fr)
TR (1) TR201809536T4 (fr)

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DE19604575A1 (de) * 1996-02-08 1997-08-28 Glunz Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Span- oder Faserplatten
DE19606262C1 (de) * 1996-02-21 1997-04-17 Glunz Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer mitteldichten Faserplatte
DE19718772B4 (de) * 1997-05-03 2015-08-20 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffplatten
DE19909605A1 (de) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-07 Dieffenbacher Schenck Panel Verfahren zur Herstellung von plattenförmigen Produkten
DE19963096C1 (de) * 1999-12-24 2001-05-03 Glunz Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung Polyurethan-gebundener Formkörper aus Lignocellulose-haltigen Partikeln
DE10106815A1 (de) * 2001-02-14 2002-08-29 Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffplatten
DE102007012597A1 (de) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-19 Universität Hamburg Leichtbau-Holzwerkstoffplatte und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE102007049948A1 (de) * 2007-10-18 2009-08-06 Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren und Streukopf einer Streumaschine zur Herstellung einer Streugutmatte im Zuge der Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffplatten
BE1018721A3 (nl) * 2009-04-16 2011-07-05 Unilin Bvba Plaatmateriaal en paneel dat dergelijk plaatmateriaal bevat.
DE102011003318B4 (de) * 2010-10-07 2016-06-23 Institut Für Holztechnologie Dresden Gemeinnützige Gmbh Faserplatten mit funktionsorientiertem Rohdichteprofil und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

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Publication number Publication date
HRP20181093T1 (hr) 2018-09-21
SI2786849T1 (sl) 2018-09-28
ES2677724T3 (es) 2018-08-06
PT2786849T (pt) 2018-08-01
DE102013103272B4 (de) 2016-09-15
HUE039726T2 (hu) 2019-01-28
DK2786849T3 (en) 2018-08-20
EP2786849A1 (fr) 2014-10-08
LT2786849T (lt) 2018-08-10
PL2786849T3 (pl) 2018-10-31
TR201809536T4 (tr) 2018-07-23
DE102013103272A1 (de) 2014-10-02

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