EP2062709B1 - Plaques à base de fibres de bois encollées à l'aide d'un liant - Google Patents

Plaques à base de fibres de bois encollées à l'aide d'un liant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2062709B1
EP2062709B1 EP20070022728 EP07022728A EP2062709B1 EP 2062709 B1 EP2062709 B1 EP 2062709B1 EP 20070022728 EP20070022728 EP 20070022728 EP 07022728 A EP07022728 A EP 07022728A EP 2062709 B1 EP2062709 B1 EP 2062709B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
preform
bulk density
density
plate
board
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20070022728
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2062709A1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Dr. Pfemeter
Bernhard Wiggerthale
Hans-Joachim Reddel
Holger Sieck
Hans-Robert Holzer
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Glunz AG
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Glunz AG
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Publication date
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Priority to PT07022728T priority Critical patent/PT2062709E/pt
Priority to EP20070022728 priority patent/EP2062709B1/fr
Priority to ES07022728T priority patent/ES2389509T3/es
Publication of EP2062709A1 publication Critical patent/EP2062709A1/fr
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Publication of EP2062709B1 publication Critical patent/EP2062709B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plate on the basis of particles glued with a binder, in particular on the basis of glued with an NCO-containing binder wood fibers, having the features of independent claim 1.
  • the particles from which plates are formed in the present invention any particles containing lignocellulose, so in addition to wood fibers, other fibers of plant origin, or other wood particles, such as wood chips or grinding dust, or particles of wood substitutes, including plastic and textile fibers , be.
  • the particles may also be a mixture of different ones of said particles.
  • boards based on wood fibers ie wood fiber boards, which at most have a small addition of other particles. This is because wood fiber boards can be produced industrially with low bulk density and are therefore well suited for insulation and insulation purposes.
  • Particularly interesting fields of application of all plates produced by the method of the present invention and of all plates according to the present invention are in the field of insulation. It is mainly about the isolation of buildings primarily in thermal, but also in acoustic terms.
  • binders for the particles are various substances, but NCO-containing binders, in particular in the form of so-called PMDI binders, are preferred.
  • the binder is particularly preferably a PUR binder which, in addition to the PMDI component with the NCO groups, has a polyol component.
  • various additives may be added to the binder.
  • a PUR binder ie, an intumescent binder
  • a PMDI component ie, an intumescent binder
  • a polyol component which reacts to fill cavities between wood fibers to be joined by a PUR foam.
  • dimensionally stable wood fiber boards are produced whose average density is in the range of 60 to 250 kg / m 3 .
  • the dimensional stability of fiberboard just at the lower edge of this range of density depends on the fact that the density profile of the wood fiber boards still has a marginal increase in density compared to the average density of at least 20%.
  • the well-known wood fiber board can be used as an insulating plate in the wall, ceiling and roof area.
  • known lignocellulosic particle-based plates prepared under pressure from a preform exhibit an edge increase in bulk density relative to their average bulk density due to the application of pressure to the preform upon curing of the binder. It is known in the art that he can increase this edge overshoot by spraying water on the preform.
  • wood fiber insulation boards are also known, which do not have this edge overshoot their bulk density or not to a significant extent. These wood fiber insulation boards are not dimensionally stable at a low average density. Conversely, they can be adapted by pressing on uneven surfaces, with their cover layers forming on these uneven surfaces without air gaps remaining. This possibility does not exist with a dimensionally stable fiberboard. For a Holzfaserdämmplatte without marginal exaggeration of their bulk density in their outer layers, for example, not be provided directly with a plaster or papered. Rather, this is an additional stable dimensionally stable plate to arrange in front of the wood fiber insulation board.
  • Fiberboards produced by this process have a density of about 800 kg / m 3 in both cover layers, while the density of the middle layer is about 600 kg / m 3 .
  • the invention has for its object to provide a plate with the features of the preamble of independent claim 1, which allows new applications.
  • the entry of moisture and hot gas into the preform formed from the glued particles and the effect of pressure on the preform are timed to be part of one another the preform having a first bulk density is cured at an earlier time than another part of the preform which is adjusted to a different bulk density after curing of the one part.
  • the curing of the preform thus takes place in several stages, not only different parts of the preform are cured in the individual stages, but between the individual stages, a setting of a different density in the uncured part of the preform.
  • the process is not concerned with, for example, the outer layers hardening earlier than the middle layer of the preform, because the outer layers are closer to a heat source. Rather, it is about taking advantage of the already existing curing of part of the mold to adjust the density in another part of the preform to a certain value others, without having to take account of the already cured part, because in this the bulk density by the Curing is already fixed.
  • the parts of the preform cured at different times according to the method may be their two outer layers.
  • the entry of moisture and hot gas into the preform and the effect of pressure on the preform may be timed so that a portion of the preform, which is compressed under pressure to a lower bulk density, is cured at an earlier time as another part of the preform, which is softened after curing of the one part softened by the moisture under pressure to a higher bulk density.
  • the pressure can be increased after curing of one part to effect compression to the higher bulk density.
  • the entry of moisture and hot gas into the preform and the effect of pressure on the preform be timed so coordinated that a part of the preform softened by the moisture under pressure to a higher bulk density is cured at an earlier time than another part of the preform, which is relaxed after curing of one part under reduced pressure to a lower density.
  • a not yet cured part of the preform, in which the lignocellulose-containing particles are not softened, is at least partially elastically compressed by the applied pressure. Accordingly, this part of the preform expands again when the pressure is reduced. This can be used specifically to set a lower bulk density in certain parts of the preform before these parts of the preform are cured.
  • the entry of moisture via water vapor, which can simultaneously form the hot gas, and / or by spraying water onto the preform In the case of spraying water onto the preform, a release agent or other additive may also be added to the water.
  • a release agent or other additive may also be added to the water.
  • a curing accelerator for the binder in order to cure it particularly quickly in the areas of the preform with softened fibers.
  • the sprayed water with its heat capacity delays the heat activation of the binder. This delay can be used, for example, for high densification of areas of the preform with softened fibers prior to curing of the binder there, or even enhanced by a curing retarder added to the binder.
  • the hot gas may consist entirely or partially of water vapor.
  • the pressure of the water vapor or the proportion of the water vapor to the hot gas is variable during the curing of the preform.
  • the entry of moisture or the entry of hot gas into the preform may be asymmetric with respect to its middle layer. This means that when spraying water onto the preform, this only occurs from one side. Preferably, the spraying of the water takes place from below onto the preform, since then the weight of the preform has a compressing effect only where this is desired.
  • the one-sided spraying of water may be combined with the introduction of hot gas from the other side of the preform. It is also possible to introduce hot gas from both sides of the preform into it, but at different times and / or in different quantities and / or with different additions of water vapor.
  • the glued particles of the preform have a comparatively very low moisture content in the process, which may be in the range of less than 5% of dry particles.
  • the particles can thus absorb part of the registered moisture. Excess moisture can be removed after curing of the binder by suction of water vapor and / or flowing through the plates with air. This is sufficient to stabilize the plates even if the hot gas used to activate the binder is pure water vapor for maximum heat capacity and resulting minimum cure time.
  • the novel plate based on lignocellulose-containing particles whose bulk density increases from a middle layer to a cover layer of the plate is according to the invention characterized in that the bulk density of the plate does not increase from the middle layer to the other cover layer of the plate.
  • the bulk density of the plate may even drop from the middle layer to the other top layer of the plate, whereby the decrease in the bulk density of the plate may be continuous from one or the other top layer of the plate.
  • a continuous drop is not a prerequisite for a special property of this new plate: it has a cover layer that is stiff due to the edge increase of its bulk density and a cover layer that is deformable due to the lack of marginal elevation of its bulk density.
  • the new plate can be formed, for example, in the old building renovation on an uneven wall, in order to provide before this both an insulation and a front lying rigid plane, for example, for the application of a plaster.
  • the deformability of the new plate may also be limited to a very thin cover layer, based on the total thickness of the plate, in order to provide a substantially pressure-resistant plate despite its formability on an uneven surface.
  • the bulk density of the new plate in the region of its one cover layer is at least 5%, more preferably at least 10%, even more preferably at least 15%, and most preferably at least 20% above its bulk density in the region of its middle layer, thus concretely Gross density in the region of its geometric center is meant.
  • the apparent density of the new plate does not exceed its other top layer, more preferably at least 5% lower, even more preferably at least 10% lower and most preferably at least 15% below its bulk density in the region of its middle layer.
  • the preferred gross density ranges of the two outer layers are independent of each other.
  • the new plate can be used in particular in the insulation sector.
  • the lignocellulose-containing particles of the plate are wood fibers, an average apparent density of not more than 280 kg / m 3 .
  • their average apparent density is not more than 240 kg / m 3 , more preferably not more than 200 kg / m 3 , even more preferably not more than 120 kg / m 3 and in special cases not more than 60 kg / m 3 .
  • the bulk density of the plate drops from its one covering layer to more than 100 kg / m 3 to less than 80 kg / m 3 , in particular from more than 130 kg / m 3 to less than 50 kg / m 3 .
  • three functionalities of the new plate are achieved: it is well with its back on an uneven surface formable; it has a low thermal conductivity; and its front is sufficiently dimensionally stable to arrange directly on her a plaster or other decorative or functional further level.
  • the stiffness is so great that here local fasteners for the plate, such as fastened with dowels holding plate, without the risk of tearing of the plate, for example, as a result of wind suction can support.
  • Fig. 1 to 3 and 9 are Roh Whyprofile of wood fiber boards according to the invention and another wood fiber plate shown, wherein the x-axis respectively indicates the thickness direction of the plate and the y-axis represents the apparent density in working units. It is about the representation of the course of the bulk density and not about the reproduction of absolute values, as far as in the following figure description such absolute values are not specified. In particular, can be from the Fig. 1 to 3 and 9 do not read off individual bulk densities for specific areas of the respective plate.
  • the density profile 1 according to Fig. 1 refers to a wood fiber board with an average apparent density R M of about 60 kg / m 3 .
  • the raw density profile 1 can be regarded as being divided into two cover layers 2 and 3 and an intermediate middle layer 4 therebetween. However, clear boundaries between layers 2 to 4 do not exist. Therefore, if the density of the plate in the middle layer is mentioned below, this means, unless stated otherwise, its density in the region of its center plane 5.
  • the bulk density of the cover layer 2 or the cover layer 3 denotes the average density of the respective Cover layer 2 or 3 in the region of a local maximum of the bulk density within the cover layer, if such a local maximum is present. This is in Fig. 1 in the cover layer 3 of the case.
  • the cover layer 2 does not show such an edge overshoot of the bulk density.
  • Their density R 2 is the value of the bulk density before the edge drop of the bulk density.
  • the average density R M of the fiberboard is slightly above the density R 4 in the middle plane 5. This corresponds to a marginal increase in bulk density (from here more than 20%) only in the region of the top layer 3 and no increase in bulk density of the middle layer. 4 towards the cover layer 2.
  • the gross density is the bulk density R 4 of the middle layer 4 in the region of the center plane 5.
  • FIG. 4 to 7 various embodiments of the method for the production of plates based on lignocellulose-containing particles are sketched, which are suitable for forming an asymmetric density profile, as shown in the Fig. 1 and 2 is shown.
  • this is in Fig. 8 sketched method suitable to the density profile according to Fig. 3 adjust. Only relevant steps are presented in the process for producing lignocellulose-based particles.
  • Fig. 4A shows the one-sided spraying a preform 6 of glued wood fibers with water 9 from below.
  • the preform 6 is subjected to a pressure p B between perforated pressing plates 7 and 8.
  • p B between perforated pressing plates 7 and 8.
  • This hot gas 10 which consists essentially of water vapor 11, may be added to the air, first activates the binder in the upper region of the preform, which is adjacent to the pressing plate 7, so that the preform 6 first in this, one of the later outer layers corresponding Area is cured.
  • the distance of the press plates 7 and 8 is reduced and thus the pressure exerted on the preform 6 increases (p C > p B ).
  • the wood fibers at the bottom of the preform 6, which have been softened by the water 7, are compressed.
  • this increase in bulk density does not occur for two reasons.
  • the wood fibers have not been exposed to the water 9 here and have not been softened accordingly.
  • the preform is different here than in its lower region, in which the water 9 has prevented a rapid increase in temperature, already in the step according to FIG Fig. 4B cured.
  • the preform 6 is cured by the hot gas 10 also in its compressed lower region, a density profile results over the thickness of the resulting plate, as in Fig. 1 outlined.
  • the preform 6 is selectively compressed in its lower portion and cured in this state by hot gas 10 which passes through the lower pressure plate 8 or can continue to flow through the upper pressure plate 7. Again arises in this way a plate with the density profile according to Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 6 begins again with the spraying of water 9 on the preform 6 from below ( Fig. 6A ). Then, the preform 6 is pressed together between the press plates 7 and 8 ( Fig. 6B ), which in particular in the lower part of the preform 6 in a compression of the same effect, because the fibers are softened there by the water 9.
  • This compressed state of the preform 6 at its upper side is fixed by hot gas 10 flowing into the preform 6 through the pressure plate 8 by hardening the hot gas 10 in its lower portion.
  • the pressure (p C ⁇ p B ) exerted on the preform 6 via the press plates 7 and 8 is withdrawn so that the preform 6 can relax.
  • this relaxation no longer covers the lower region of the preform 6, because it has already hardened there.
  • hot gas 10 which enters through the upper pressure plate 7 in the preform 6.
  • Fig. 7 corresponds to the result of that according to Fig. 6 , wherein here in a step according to Fig. 7A with simultaneous application of high pressure p A between the pressure plates 7 and 8 water vapor 11 is introduced as hot gas 10 through the lower pressure plate 8 in the lower region of the preform 6.
  • p A high pressure between the pressure plates 7 and 8
  • water vapor 11 is introduced as hot gas 10 through the lower pressure plate 8 in the lower region of the preform 6.
  • the preform 6 between the press plates 7 and 8 in a first step according to Fig. 8A only put under low pressure.
  • hot gas 10 which enters the preform 6 through both press plates 7 and 8, but reaches only the outer regions there, these outer regions of the preform 6 are cured.
  • Water vapor 11 is introduced into the preform through both press plates 7 and 8, which precipitate in particular in the still comparatively cold middle layer of the preform 6 where it softens the wood fibers.
  • the preform 6 is primarily compressed in the region of its middle layer, because there are different than adjacent to the press plates 7 and 8, the wood fibers softened and the preform 6 is not cured.
  • This compressed Condition of the preform 6 in the region of its middle layer is then fixed by hot gas 10 entering through both pressing plates 7 and 8 into the middle layer of the preform 6. In this way, a density profile according to Fig. 3 receive.
  • Fig. 9 shows a raw density profile 1, which in the region of both outer layers 2 and 3, a marginal increase of the bulk density, ie a local maximum density has. Such edge elevations may be unavoidable under certain circumstances of manufacture solely by contacting the preform with the press plates.
  • the apparent density R 2 of the cover layer 2 is clearly below the bulk density R 3 of the cover layer 3, and it is also below the density R 4 of the middle layer 4 in the region of the median plane 5.
  • the bulk density R 4 of the middle layer 4 is in the region of the median plane 5 below the average gross density R M of the gross density profile 1.
  • the cover layer 2 is a wood fiber board with the density profile according to Fig. 9 easily deformable, while the cover layer 3 is substantially dimensionally stable.
  • a plate 12 with the density profile according to Fig. 1, 2 or 9 exploited The plate 12 is fastened with fastening elements, not shown here, for example in the form of holding plates and dowels, on a wall 13 having an uneven surface 14.
  • the plate 12 which is a wood fiber plate 15, pressed with its cover layer 2, so that the cover layer 2 forms a negative impression 16 of the surface 14.
  • the cover layer 2 abuts the surface 14 everywhere without an air gap.
  • the cover layer 2 is indeed compressed locally to a higher density.
  • the plate 12 retains its middle layer 4 low density but a very good insulation effect.
  • it provides a flat surface 17 which, for example, can be directly plastered or over-wallpapered.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Plaque (12) à base de fibres, contenant de la lignocellulose, encollées à l'aide d'un liant, les fibres contenant de la lignocellulose étant collées dans la plaque à l'aide du liant et la densité apparente de la plaque (12) augmentant d'une couche centrale (4) à une couche de couverture (3), la densité apparente (R4) de la plaque (12) étant au moins aussi élevée au niveau d'un plan médian (5) de sa couche centrale (4) que la densité apparente (R2) de son autre couche de couverture (2), caractérisée en ce que la plaque (12) présente une densité apparente moyenne de 280 kg/m3 maximum, la densité apparente de la plaque (12) diminuant de sa couche de couverture (3) à son autre couche de couverture (2), de plus de 100 kg/m3 à moins de 80 kg/m3.
  2. Plaque selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente de la plaque (12) diminue de la couche centrale (4) à l'autre couche de couverture (2) de la plaque (12).
  3. Plaque selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente de la plaque (12) diminue progressivement de la couche de couverture (3) à l'autre couche de couverture (2) de la plaque (12).
  4. Plaque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente maximale (R3) de la plaque (12) se situe, dans sa couche de couverture (3) au moins 5 % au-dessus de sa densité apparente (R4) au niveau d'un plan médian (5) de sa couche centrale (4).
  5. Plaque selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente maximale (R3) de la plaque (12) se situe, dans sa couche de couverture (3), au moins 20% au-dessus de sa densité apparente (R4) au niveau d'un plan médian (5) de sa couche centrale (4).
  6. Plaque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente maximale (R2) de l'autre couche de couverture (2) se situe au moins 5 % en dessous de sa densité apparente (R4) au niveau d'un plan médian (5) de sa couche centrale (4).
  7. Plaque selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente (R2) de l'autre couche de couverture (2) se situe au moins 15 % en dessous de sa densité apparente (R4) au niveau d'un plan médian (5) de sa couche centrale (4).
  8. Plaque selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente moyenne de la plaque (12) s'élève à 200 kg/m3 maximum.
  9. Plaque selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente moyenne de la plaque (12) s'élève à 120 kg/m3 maximum.
  10. Plaque selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente moyenne de la plaque (12) s'élève à 60 kg/m3 maximum.
  11. Plaque selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la densité apparente de la plaque (12) diminue de sa couche de couverture (3) à son autre couche de couverture (2), de plus de 130 kg/m3 à moins de 50 kg/m3.
EP20070022728 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Plaques à base de fibres de bois encollées à l'aide d'un liant Active EP2062709B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT07022728T PT2062709E (pt) 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Placas à base de fibras lenhosas coladas com um ligante
EP20070022728 EP2062709B1 (fr) 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Plaques à base de fibres de bois encollées à l'aide d'un liant
ES07022728T ES2389509T3 (es) 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Placa a base de fibras de madera encoladas con aglutinante

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20070022728 EP2062709B1 (fr) 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Plaques à base de fibres de bois encollées à l'aide d'un liant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2062709A1 EP2062709A1 (fr) 2009-05-27
EP2062709B1 true EP2062709B1 (fr) 2012-06-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20070022728 Active EP2062709B1 (fr) 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Plaques à base de fibres de bois encollées à l'aide d'un liant

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EP (1) EP2062709B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2389509T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2062709E (fr)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3825819A1 (de) * 1988-07-29 1990-02-01 Siempelkamp Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum pressen und aushaerten von feuchte enthaltenden pressgutmatten im zuge der herstellung von spanplatten, faserplatten und aehnlichen holzwerkstoffplatten sowie fuer die durchfuehrung des verfahrens eingerichtete presse
US4937024A (en) * 1989-06-26 1990-06-26 Borden, Inc. Method for bonding lignocellulosic material with gaseous esters
DE9007567U1 (de) * 1990-05-11 1992-09-10 G. Siempelkamp Gmbh & Co, 4150 Krefeld Preßanlage für die Herstellung von Spanplatten, Faserplatten und ähnlichen Preßgutplatten
SE469270B (sv) * 1991-10-25 1993-06-14 Sunds Defibrator Ind Ab Saett vid mdf-tillverkning
SE504637C2 (sv) * 1995-07-27 1997-03-24 Sunds Defibrator Ind Ab Förfarande vid framställning av lignocellulosahaltiga skivor
DK176116B1 (da) * 1997-03-18 2006-08-14 Wesser & Dueholm Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af spånplader, fiberplader og lignende
US6187234B1 (en) * 1998-06-23 2001-02-13 Masonite Corporation Method for steam pressing composite board having at least one finished surface
DE19962116A1 (de) 1999-12-21 2001-06-28 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Leitvorrichtung zum Führen von Bogen und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Leitvorrichtung
DE19963096C1 (de) 1999-12-24 2001-05-03 Glunz Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung Polyurethan-gebundener Formkörper aus Lignocellulose-haltigen Partikeln
WO2003101690A1 (fr) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 Toyota Shatai Kabushiki Kaisha Corps forme a base de bois, et procede de production correspondant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2389509T3 (es) 2012-10-26
PT2062709E (pt) 2012-08-27
EP2062709A1 (fr) 2009-05-27

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