WO2020074447A2 - Matériau - Google Patents

Matériau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020074447A2
WO2020074447A2 PCT/EP2019/077096 EP2019077096W WO2020074447A2 WO 2020074447 A2 WO2020074447 A2 WO 2020074447A2 EP 2019077096 W EP2019077096 W EP 2019077096W WO 2020074447 A2 WO2020074447 A2 WO 2020074447A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibers
filler
palm
processing device
lamellae
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/077096
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2020074447A3 (fr
Inventor
Edgar Dechantsreiter
Original Assignee
The BioSource Project GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The BioSource Project GmbH & Co. KG filed Critical The BioSource Project GmbH & Co. KG
Priority to EP19794889.6A priority Critical patent/EP3860819A2/fr
Publication of WO2020074447A2 publication Critical patent/WO2020074447A2/fr
Publication of WO2020074447A3 publication Critical patent/WO2020074447A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/007—Combined with manufacturing a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/08—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood fibres, e.g. produced by tearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
    • B27L7/02—Arrangements for splitting wood using rotating members, e.g. rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a material with components from palm plants, a processing device for processing raw vegetable products, preferably palm plants, and a method for producing a material.
  • a material can be produced from the raw products, for example plant waste.
  • the trunk is freed of “dead” palm fronds in the bottom row at mostly annual intervals. After several years, the parts of the so-called swivel sleeves that remain on the trunk during maintenance are also removed.
  • Processing devices for palm waste are known.
  • the trunk is usually used and chopped into wood chips.
  • the wood chips are pressed together with other materials to form boards. However, these are not very stable.
  • the stems and / or leaves of the palm are also not used. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a material and to improve a processing device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that large quantities of raw vegetable products, in particular stems and / or leaves of the palm, are added in a simple and inexpensive manner new materials can be processed.
  • the material can in particular be an injection molded part and / or a foamed material.
  • the material is preferably a basic material for further industrial processing. To a certain extent, a processed raw material is produced.
  • the material comprises or consists of reinforcing fibers and a plastic matrix.
  • the reinforcing fibers and / or the plastic matrix comprise or consist of a palm material.
  • the starting material for the palm plants comes in particular from date, coconut and / or oil palms.
  • the elongated stems which are also called panicles, and / or leaves can be processed.
  • Palm panicles in particular comprise fibers made of cellulose and hemicellulose, which is the reinforcement for the tensile and flexural strength.
  • a matrix of parenchyma, predominantly lignin and other substances, is arranged between the fibers. ensures the pressure resistance.
  • the raw product preferably comes from the care of the plants, so that no plant is harvested, no tree is felled and / or no plantation has to be cleared.
  • the reinforcing fibers of the material can consist of a palm material and can be brought together with a plastic matrix, which can consist of conventional plastic or of palm material.
  • a plastic matrix which can consist of conventional plastic or of palm material.
  • These fibers made from palm material can be used in large quantities as filling and / or reinforcing materials in the manufacture of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) products, which are manufactured, for example, by injection molding, as a bio-based substitute material, for example glass fibers.
  • FRP Fiber Reinforced Plastic
  • plastic matrix is also made of palm material, then preferably all of the components of the material can be produced biologically.
  • the plastic matrix can include palm material.
  • the reinforcing fibers can then be e.g. conventional glass fibers can be used.
  • the proportion of reinforcing fibers in the workpiece can be in particular between 25 and 75 percent by weight.
  • the reinforcing fibers comprise shredded lamellas and / or leaves of palm trees.
  • the reinforcing fibers are therefore purely biological.
  • the leaves are preferably palm leaves.
  • the leaves are also frayed in particular.
  • so-called penetration conveyors can be used for sheets in order to achieve the best possible connection between the reinforcing fiber and the matrix.
  • the proportion of leaves ie the proportion of the further vegetable raw product
  • the proportion of leaves can be between 5 and 60 percent by weight, for example between 25 and 40 percent by weight.
  • the proportion can be between 25 and 30 percent by weight and / or between 30 and 40 percent by weight.
  • the length of the reinforcing fibers is a maximum of 30 mm, 25 mm, 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm or less.
  • Ultra short fibers can have a length equal to or less than 2 mm.
  • ultra-short fibers are particularly common in fiber digestion. Alternatively or additionally, however, these can also be produced by milling fibers from fractions of greater length. This can be done, for example, using a disk mill.
  • Short fibers with a length between 3 mm and 10 mm can also be produced.
  • medium-long fibers with a maximum length of 30 mm, preferably between 11 mm and 25 mm, can also be produced.
  • These short or medium long fibers can also be used in the manufacture of FRP products, e.g. are manufactured using the injection molding process and are used as bio-based reinforcing fibers.
  • the fibers are placed in a so-called matrix made of plastics, e.g. Polymers and / or elastomers, embedded.
  • longer fibers can e.g. be used for fiber composite materials.
  • the plastic matrix comprises a filler from palm trees, in particular parenchyma.
  • both fibers of different lengths and the undifferentiated filler, in particular (marrow) parenchyma, stored between the fiber strands of the palm panicle are obtained.
  • the filler detaches from the fibers of the panicles split into lamellae during mechanical processing in the fiber digestion process and can be separated as a powdery substance, e.g. sucked off.
  • the filler is dissolved during the defibration.
  • the filler can be completely or at least partially separated, ie removed. For example, at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the filler can be removed.
  • the fibers are at least substantially free of filler.
  • This material contains lignin, starch, tannin and / or glucose as ingredients.
  • the filler can be used as a base material for the production of biopolymers and / or bio-plastics for a wide variety of applications.
  • Mineral ingredients for example silicates, are also contained in the material obtained, which has an advantageous effect in many applications, in particular with regard to the fire behavior of the products produced therefrom.
  • Biopolymers and / or bio-plastics are used in a variety of areas, e.g. in consumer items, packaging materials and / or insulating materials. Biopolymers and / or bio-plastics can also be used in industrial applications, in particular in the automotive industry.
  • foamed materials can be made from it.
  • a suspension can be produced from the material, which is then physically and / or chemically, e.g. by foaming gas. Curing and / or drying by heat can then take place.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the filling material as an insulating material.
  • the filling material can be used as a fire protection material.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a material according to the invention as an injection molded part.
  • the invention also relates to a processing device for processing, in particular elongated, vegetable raw products, preferably palm plants.
  • the raw products come in particular from date, coconut and / or oil palms.
  • the elongated stems which are also called panicles, can be be tested.
  • These raw products accumulate in large quantities as waste in care.
  • the raw product preferably comes from the care of the plants, so that no plant is harvested, no tree felled and / or no plantation has to be cleared.
  • the processing device comprises a splitting device for splitting the raw products into elongated lamellae.
  • the length of the raw products, the lamellas and / or the defibrated lamellas, i.e. the fibers can be, for example, at least 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm,
  • the raw products are split lengthways. In particular, there is no chopping into chips or fine chips.
  • the processing device has a defibration device for defibrating the lamella and / or leaves into fibers.
  • a defibration device for defibrating the lamella and / or leaves into fibers.
  • little pressure is preferably exerted on the lamellae, since the filler parenchyma, i.a. with the ingredients starch, lignin and / or tannin, would have a negative effect on the material.
  • the lamellae are preferably oriented at right angles, lengthways or as desired to the conveying direction.
  • the processing device has a separation device for separating a filler from the fibers.
  • the filler is separated from the fibers, e.g. aspirated.
  • the separation device can be designed as a suction device.
  • the filler which dissolves or precipitates during defibration, can be sucked off.
  • the suction device can in particular be integrated into the defibration device and / or be connected downstream of the defibration device as a separate component.
  • the separation device is preferably provided in the region of the fiberizing device and / or between the fiberizing device and a further treatment device and / or further processing device.
  • pulverulent material that precipitates during fiberization or fiber disruption can be separated or suctioned off. Due to the ingredients such as e.g. Starch, glucose, tannin and / or lignin, this material can be used as a raw material for material use, e.g. as bio-plastic or foamed as non-flammable insulating material, or used for energy generation. In particular, electricity and process heat can be generated from biogas and / or methanol. The material can e.g. can be used as feed.
  • conveying devices e.g. Conveyor belts may be provided.
  • the processing device in particular forms a unit, i.e. the raw products are fed to the individual devices one after the other in order to finally obtain the filler.
  • the processing device can be used to process large quantities of raw vegetable products, in particular stems and / or leaves of the palm tree, in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • the splitting device comprises a set of knives with one or more blades arranged in parallel and / or in a grid.
  • the raw products are preferably oriented parallel to the conveying direction and are pushed through the knife set.
  • the blades are preferably also oriented parallel to one another and / or parallel to the conveying direction. For example, at least 1,
  • the raw products are split up and form elongated lamellae.
  • the raw products are particularly easy to split because there is no firm bond between the fibers.
  • the blade spacing can preferably be between 1 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 2 mm and 5 mm, particularly preferably between 3 mm and 4 mm.
  • the resulting slats are correspondingly thick.
  • the raw products can first be bundled by a feed device, for example by vertically oriented bundling rollers.
  • the axes of rotation of the bundling rollers can preferably be oriented at right angles to the conveying direction or conveying surface.
  • Two bundling rollers can e.g. be arranged side by side on opposite sides of a conveyor.
  • the raw products can be pressed by the knife set over two horizontally oriented rollers arranged one above the other.
  • the axes of rotation of the horizontal rollers can preferably be oriented at right angles to the conveying direction or parallel to the conveying surface and / or at right angles to the axes of rotation of the bundling rollers.
  • an admixing device for admixing another vegetable raw product, in particular leaves, is provided between the splitting device and the chamfering device.
  • This raw product also preferably comes from palm plants, e.g. the oil, coconut and / or date palm.
  • palm plants e.g. the oil, coconut and / or date palm.
  • all plant waste from the palm tree preferably the entire palm fronds including stems and leaves, can be used.
  • the further vegetable raw product e.g. the leaf material can preferably be added in metered amounts to the split lamellae.
  • the dosing enables a homogeneous distribution.
  • the further vegetable raw product is fed to the defibration device together with the split lamellae and also defibrated.
  • the defibration device comprises a friction device.
  • a friction device With fiber disruption by friction, little or no pressure is applied the slats and / or the leaf material exercised.
  • the fibers are released from the natural structure without, for example, the fillers of the palm panicle, for example parenchyma, being pressed. Pressure on the material would result in the undifferentiated filler, which is embedded between the fibers of the panicle, being pressed against the fiber and thereby sticking to it.
  • Compressed and / or pressed filler leads to negative effects on the material.
  • the connection with the matrix decreases.
  • the material can also have an adverse swelling behavior.
  • the filler preferably detaches from the fibers and can e.g. be sucked off.
  • the friction device comprises at least two friction devices arranged one above the other.
  • the lamellae and / or blades are transported in the conveying direction between the rubbing devices in the conveying direction. These are preferably oriented at right angles, lengthways or at will to the direction of conveyance.
  • the rubbing devices preferably grip the lamella and / or leaves from below and from above.
  • the friction devices are preferably corrugated and / or profiled.
  • the structure of the reaming device significantly improves the defibration process.
  • the friction devices can have the same corrugation or the same profile. Alternatively, these can also be corrugated or profiled differently. In particular, the friction devices can have the same or a different sense of rotation. In this way, the slats and / or leaves are moved up and down, for example, in the same direction.
  • the rubbing devices can have or consist of conveyor belts, rollers and / or disks.
  • the conveyor belts can in particular comprise chain plates. If the friction devices are designed as rollers, a plurality of rollers can also be arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction.
  • the distance between the friction devices decreases in the conveying direction.
  • the space for the lamellas and / or leaves is becoming increasingly narrow, so that they finally fray.
  • the space between the friction devices preferably narrows conically.
  • the speeds of the friction devices are different.
  • the speed of the top grater e.g. at least 1, 1 times, 1, 2 times, 1, 3 times, 1, 4 times, 1, 5 times, 1, 6 times, 1, 7 times, 1, 8 times, 1, 9 times, 2 times, 2 , 5 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times or 10 times, greater than the speed of the lower friction device.
  • a sensor device e.g. a fiber sifter is provided for analysis of the shredded lamellae, the speed of at least one friction device being controllable by means of a control device on the basis of the data determined by the sensor device.
  • the fiber thickness or fiber fineness and / or the degree of chamfering can be measured. If the result is insufficient, the control device can regulate or control the speed of at least one friction device accordingly.
  • the speed can be increased or decreased.
  • the speed of the lower friction device can in particular correspond to the normal conveying speed and / or remain the same.
  • the speed of the lower friction device can be regulated, the speed of the upper friction device remaining the same.
  • the speeds of the upper and lower friction devices can also be regulated.
  • a sorting device for sorting the fibers.
  • the fibers can in particular be sorted according to their length.
  • it can be sorted into ultra-short fibers, short fibers and medium-long fibers.
  • the sorting is carried out mechanically and / or pneumatically.
  • the same suction device can be used as for the filler.
  • a separate suction and / or blowing device is also conceivable.
  • the fibers obtained from the lamellas of the palm panicles and the palm leaves can in particular be mechanically, e.g. by sieving and / or pneumatic, e.g. by blowing, are sorted.
  • the fibers can be divided into fractions.
  • the fibers can in particular be used in any length, ie fraction.
  • a grinding device in particular a disc mill, hammer mill and / or friction plate mill, is provided for grinding the fibers.
  • the fibers can be shortened as required.
  • short or ultra-short fibers can be produced from long or medium-long fibers.
  • ultra-short fibers can be produced from short fibers.
  • a further treatment device is provided for the further treatment of the filler and / or the fibers to form a material.
  • the material can e.g. to be an injection molded part.
  • an injection molded part is formed from the fibers with a biological or non-biological plastic matrix.
  • an injection molded part can be produced from a plastic matrix made of filler with biological or non-biological reinforcing fibers.
  • Both the reinforcing fibers and the plastic matrix preferably consist of palm material.
  • only one component can consist of palm material.
  • the reinforcing fibers can be glass fibers.
  • the further treatment device comprises a foaming device for foaming the filler.
  • a suspension can be produced from the material, which is then physically and / or chemically, e.g. by foaming gas. This can then be cured and / or dried by heat, comparable to polystyrene.
  • the foamed filler can be used in particular as a non-combustible insulating material.
  • the invention therefore also relates to the use of a filler made of palm material as an insulating material.
  • the invention also relates to a method for processing, in particular elongated, vegetable raw products, preferably palm plants, in particular with a processing device according to the invention.
  • the raw products resulting from the care can e.g. be delivered to collection points.
  • the material can be processed here for the first time.
  • the so-called frond sleeve can be cut, for example using a cross saw.
  • the resulting dust can in particular be extracted.
  • the frond sleeve contains relatively little fiber material in relation to the mass and is therefore only of limited suitability for the method according to the invention, although this is fundamentally possible.
  • the frond sleeve is chopped into chips in a chopper and e.g. stored. This material is then used in other production areas.
  • the palm fronds can be brushed with heavy dirt, e.g. Sand to be cleaned. If necessary, a preventive spraying with a fungicide is then preferably carried out to avoid the formation of mold.
  • heavy dirt e.g. Sand to be cleaned.
  • a preventive spraying with a fungicide is then preferably carried out to avoid the formation of mold.
  • the raw products are split into elongated lamellae.
  • the lamellae and / or leaves are fiberized into fibers and the filler is separated from the fibers.
  • a material in particular an injection molded part, is formed from the fibers and / or the filler.
  • the filler is foamed.
  • a penetration conveyor is provided.
  • a spray device can be provided for spraying the penetration conveyor onto the palm tree, in particular the panicles and / or the leaves.
  • the material can optionally be sprayed with a chemical solution that dissolves the natural wax layer on the surface of the material, i.e. the cuticle, in particular both the stems and the leaves. This significantly improves the connection to the matrix.
  • the surface of the panicles and / or especially the leaves consists of a layer of wax.
  • Wax acts as a release agent on many binders, ie fiber components with wax do not form a secure bond.
  • a chemical penetrate conveyor for example an alkyl carboxamide, can be used in the manufacturing process.
  • the palm leaves which, in contrast to the panicles, consist almost exclusively of stable fibers, can be mechanically separated from the panicles, for example by means of a knife rotor.
  • the resulting dust can in particular be extracted.
  • the leaves can be shredded together with the panicles.
  • the leaves can be pressed into compact bales in a baler, which reduces the storage volume and simplifies storage and / or transport.
  • the panicles can be cut, in particular cut, to a defined length in one pass.
  • the length can depend in particular on the size of the defibration device.
  • the panicles can then be bundled.
  • the panicles cut to the defined length can form the elongated, vegetable raw products.
  • the raw products are split into elongated lamellae.
  • the raw products are not chopped into wood chips and / or fine chips before fiber digestion, but the natural fibers, which e.g. Giving the palm fronds enormous stability are retained as long fibers in order to transfer the positive material properties to the material.
  • the stems are pressed lengthwise, for example by a set of knives, whereby the compact stalk is split into elongated lamellae. In this way, the fibers are exposed.
  • another vegetable raw product such as the previously separated leaves, can now be mixed in.
  • the admixing can in particular be carried out in a metered manner to obtain a homogeneous distribution.
  • the slats and / or leaves are then defibrated.
  • the fibers are released from the natural structure.
  • the pure fibers are obtained in particular without the ingredients of the panicle which have a negative effect on the end product.
  • the fiber is broken down at least essentially by friction, so that, if possible, no pressure is exerted on the material.
  • the fibers obtained can, for example, be re-sorted and used for further use.
  • the shredded lamellae and / or sheets or the filler are then further processed into a material.
  • the elongated fibers can also be further processed into a material.
  • the invention also relates to a material which is obtained by the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of a
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of an embodiment of a splitting device
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of an embodiment of a
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the defibration device according to FIG. 4,
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a palm panicle split into lamellae
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional side view of an embodiment of a
  • Fig. 12 is a front view of shredded slats
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic representation of the manufacturing process.
  • Fig. 1 shows a processing device in which elongated, vegetable raw products 10, e.g. Panicles of palm trees are fed to a splitting device 14 in the conveying direction (see arrow) via a conveyor device designed as a conveyor belt 12.
  • a processing device in which elongated, vegetable raw products 10, e.g. Panicles of palm trees are fed to a splitting device 14 in the conveying direction (see arrow) via a conveyor device designed as a conveyor belt 12.
  • the raw products 10 split into lamellae are then deflected by a further conveying device 12 and are now transverse to the conveying direction.
  • the split panicles 10 and leaves 18 enter a defibration device 20 and are defibrated there.
  • an optional separation device 22 which e.g. can be formed as a suction device, powdery materials can be separated.
  • the pulverulent material can be processed further in a further treatment device 80.
  • the filler 64 can be foamed. This material can then serve as an insulating material, for example.
  • ultra-short, short and / or medium-long fibers can be separated by means of a separation device 82 and sorted by their length by means of a sorting device 84.
  • the fibers and / or filler 64 may e.g. processed into injection molded parts.
  • a further processing device 24 can follow for further processing of the shredded panicles 10 and leaves 18.
  • the further processing device 24 comprises a binding device designed as a gluing device 26.
  • a continuous pre-press 28 of the further processing device 24 the glued panicles 10 and leaves 18 are pressed into raw mats.
  • An optional diagonal saw 30 can cut the raw mats.
  • the raw mats can e.g. are buffered in a buffer 32.
  • the raw mats can be glued in a mat gluing device 34.
  • a dosing device 36 follows, which can comprise a balance.
  • the glued raw mats are pressed in a main press 38.
  • the bulk density and / or the thickness of the material is defined by the main press 38 using high pressure and / or high heat.
  • An outlet belt and / or a cooling star 40 follows.
  • the materials can be stacked by means of a stacking device 42.
  • the stacking device 42 can in particular have a ripening storage for the materials.
  • the materials can be destacked, ground, sawn and / or separated, for example.
  • the sawing can take place in particular by means of a multi-blade saw. Dust can be extracted.
  • the knife set 44 comprises a plurality of blades oriented parallel to one another and / or parallel to the conveying direction.
  • the raw products 10 are pressed lengthwise through the knife set 44.
  • these can first be bundled by two vertically oriented bundling rollers 46.
  • the distance between the bundling rollers 46 and / or the degree of bundling can e.g. can be adjusted hydraulically and / or pneumatically.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show detailed views of a defibration device 20 with two rubbing devices 50.
  • an alignment device 52 can be provided for parallel positioning of the supplied material.
  • the rubbing devices 50 are e.g. designed as corrugated conveyor belts.
  • the distance between the rubbing devices 50 becomes smaller and smaller in the conveying direction.
  • the panicles 10 and / or leaves 18 conveyed transversely to the conveying direction are thus frayed by friction.
  • the upper rubbing device 50 can in particular rotate counterclockwise, while the lower rubbing device 50 can rotate clockwise.
  • the speed of rotation of the upper friction device 50 is preferably substantially higher than the speed of rotation of the lower friction device 50.
  • the quality or fineness of the fibers can be checked in a sensor device designed as a fiber classifier 54.
  • the fibers obtained can be used again be sorted.
  • the determined data can also be used to adapt the speed of at least one friction device 50, preferably the upper friction device 50.
  • FIG. 6 shows a material designed as a bar 56 with elongated, shredded slats 58, that is to say fibers, from palm trees and a binder 60.
  • the shape of the material 56 is basically arbitrary. For example, instead of bars 56, plates or the like can also be formed.
  • the binder 60 can in particular be a mixed resin, e.g. Urea formaldehyde.
  • the material in addition to shredded fins 58, can also be e.g. Have melamine-formaldehyde as binder 60.
  • the material 56 can be used as a binder 60 e.g. Have polyvinyl acetate with a hardener and a formaldehyde scavenger.
  • the material 56 can optionally also have leaves 18 as a further vegetable raw product.
  • the sheets 18 can preferably also be frayed.
  • Material 56 in particular forms a fiber composite material. For example, this can have been produced in a processing device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows an insulating material 62 which can be produced by foaming filler 64.
  • the filler 64 may e.g. be sucked off during the production of a material 56.
  • the filler 64 can be ground, for example by means of a friction disk mill, and / or a liquid, for example water, can be added.
  • the ground filler 64 is mixed with the liquid to form a suspension, for example starch and / or lignin to be released.
  • the mixing can take place in particular by means of a pan mill and / or a mixer.
  • a physical foaming agent e.g. Knitted fabric and / or sodium are added.
  • the mixture therefore foams.
  • the liquid evaporates by heating and the insulating material 62 remains.
  • the shape of the insulating material 62 is basically arbitrary.
  • plates can be molded.
  • molded parts can also be produced, e.g. for packaging and / or vehicle construction.
  • the insulating material can have a raw density between 72 and 250 kg / m 3 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of a palm panicle 10 with fibers 58, filler 64, in particular parenchyma, and a wax layer 68, in particular cuticle.
  • the palm panicle 10 has been split into lamellae 70.
  • the fibers 58 are in a natural composite with the filler 64.
  • the fibers 58 are at least partially exposed by the cleavage.
  • the slats 70 can now be separated.
  • An isolated lamella 70 is shown in FIG.
  • the lamella 70 is shredded in the defibering device 20, the natural bond being broken up by friction and thereby being separated into elongated fibers 58 and filler 64 in the form of powdery material.
  • bamboo does not fiberize the slats obtained, but instead they are either directly or after being squeezed with binders and pressed into one material.
  • the waxy cuticle is usually removed, for example mechanically detached, so that gluing is possible at all.
  • Heat treatment for example carbonization, is also frequently carried out.
  • palm trees however, the cuticle in particular does not have to be removed before the chamfering. No heat treatment is necessary either.
  • FIG. 12 shows a front view of the shredded lamellae 58.
  • These fibers 58 can in particular be produced from the palm panicle 10 by means of fiber disruption by the action of friction. Here, the natural bond is broken, whereby stable, elongated fibers 58 which are as pure as possible are obtained.
  • Panicles 10 and / or leaves 18 are fed to a splitting device 14.
  • a defibration device 20 e.g. a pulping device by means of a grating device.
  • Filler 64 can already be separated by means of a pre-screen 86.
  • pre-mill 88 e.g. a friction plate mill, comminution can take place.
  • Additional filler 64 can be separated by means of a secondary sieve 90.
  • a grinding plant 92 with, for example, a fine mill, e.g. Hammer mill, the fibers can be ground to the desired size.
  • An optional fiber classifier 54 can then be provided, which the
  • the fibers 58 can finally be packaged or used for subsequent use.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau, en particulier un élément moulé par injection et/ou un matériau expansé, comprenant des fibres de renfort et une matrice en plastique, les fibres de renfort et/ou la matrice en plastique comprenant une matière tirée du palmier.
PCT/EP2019/077096 2018-10-08 2019-10-07 Matériau WO2020074447A2 (fr)

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DE102018124706.0A DE102018124706A1 (de) 2018-10-08 2018-10-08 Bearbeitungsvorrichtung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3464877A (en) * 1964-07-22 1969-09-02 Robert B Miller Sugarcane processing
DE2120823A1 (de) * 1971-04-28 1972-11-09 Himmelheber, Max, Dipl.-Ing., 7296 Klosterreichenbach Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holzfaserstoff
DE2263964A1 (de) * 1972-12-29 1974-07-04 B Maier Kg 4812 Maschf Verfahren zur herstellung von holzwerkstoff-formteilen
JP2749650B2 (ja) * 1989-08-01 1998-05-13 有限会社エステートルース 自動車用成形天井材及びその製造方法
DE4239786A1 (de) * 1992-11-26 1994-06-01 Martin Bronnhuber Spaltvorrichtung zum Spalten von Holzstämmen
JPH08336816A (ja) * 1995-04-12 1996-12-24 Onnetsu Kankyo Kaihatsu Kk 板状体又は成形体及びその製法
JPH0994887A (ja) * 1995-09-29 1997-04-08 Shoji Akiyama ３次元やし殻長繊維構造体マット強化樹脂成形体、その積層体、これらの製造方法およびこれらの用途
JP2007307914A (ja) 1997-12-25 2007-11-29 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 繊維板
US6197414B1 (en) * 1997-12-25 2001-03-06 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Fiberboard and manufacturing method thereof
DE10139987A1 (de) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-06 Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserplatten
JP2006225547A (ja) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-31 Japan Science & Technology Agency 成形材料組成物、成形体およびその製造方法
DE102007025331A1 (de) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Steico Ag Mehrschichtige Werkstoffplatte, insbesondere aus Hanf
JP2011093125A (ja) * 2009-10-27 2011-05-12 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 長繊維ボードおよび長繊維複合ボード
JP2012051169A (ja) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-15 Engineering Research Associates Inc 配向性ストランドボード
HK1147164A2 (en) * 2011-03-18 2011-07-29 Palmeco Tech Ltd Board made from oil palm fiber and magnesium oxide and the manufacture process thereof
JP5914825B2 (ja) * 2012-10-10 2016-05-11 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 繊維ボード
CN103436236A (zh) * 2013-08-28 2013-12-11 李美凤 棕榈纤维增强环保型刹车片及其制备方法
JP7260861B2 (ja) 2017-05-25 2023-04-19 株式会社パームホルツ ヤシ材の利用方法

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WO2020074437A2 (fr) 2020-04-16
MA53821A (fr) 2022-01-12
JP7148771B2 (ja) 2022-10-06
CN113573861A (zh) 2021-10-29
EP3837098B1 (fr) 2022-04-27
JP2022512000A (ja) 2022-02-01
EP3860819A2 (fr) 2021-08-11
WO2020074447A3 (fr) 2020-07-16
EP3837098A2 (fr) 2021-06-23
WO2020074437A3 (fr) 2020-07-16
MA53232A (fr) 2021-12-22
CN113573861B (zh) 2024-02-06
DE102018124706A1 (de) 2020-04-09
MA53232B1 (fr) 2022-10-31

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