WO2020074437A2 - Matériau - Google Patents

Matériau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020074437A2
WO2020074437A2 PCT/EP2019/077072 EP2019077072W WO2020074437A2 WO 2020074437 A2 WO2020074437 A2 WO 2020074437A2 EP 2019077072 W EP2019077072 W EP 2019077072W WO 2020074437 A2 WO2020074437 A2 WO 2020074437A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lamellae
shredded
processing device
palm
leaves
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/077072
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2020074437A3 (fr
Inventor
Edgar Dechantsreiter
Original Assignee
The BioSource Project GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The BioSource Project GmbH & Co. KG filed Critical The BioSource Project GmbH & Co. KG
Priority to MA53232A priority Critical patent/MA53232B1/fr
Priority to CN201980087046.2A priority patent/CN113573861B/zh
Priority to JP2021543575A priority patent/JP7148771B2/ja
Priority to EP19794884.7A priority patent/EP3837098B1/fr
Publication of WO2020074437A2 publication Critical patent/WO2020074437A2/fr
Publication of WO2020074437A3 publication Critical patent/WO2020074437A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/007—Combined with manufacturing a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/08—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood fibres, e.g. produced by tearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
    • B27L7/02—Arrangements for splitting wood using rotating members, e.g. rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a material with components from palm plants, a processing device for processing raw vegetable products, preferably palm plants, and a method for producing a material.
  • a material can be produced from the raw products, for example plant waste.
  • the trunk is freed of “dead” palm fronds in the bottom row at mostly annual intervals. After several years, the parts of the so-called swivel sleeves that remain on the trunk during maintenance are also removed.
  • Processing devices for palm waste are known.
  • the trunk is usually used and chopped into wood chips.
  • the wood chips are pressed together with other materials to form boards. However, these are not very stable.
  • the stems and / or leaves of the palm are also not used. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a stable material and to improve a processing device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that large amounts of raw vegetable products, in particular stems and / or leaves of the palm, can be stabilized in a simple and inexpensive manner , new materials can be processed.
  • the material comprises elongated, shredded lamellae of pallet waxes and a binder.
  • the material can be a fiber composite material.
  • the starting material for the palm plants comes in particular from date, coconut and / or oil palms.
  • the elongated stems which are also called panicles, can be processed.
  • Palm panicles in particular comprise fibers made of cellulose and hemicellulose, which is the reinforcement for the tensile and flexural strength.
  • a matrix of parenchyma, predominantly lignin and other substances, is arranged between the fibers. ensures the pressure resistance.
  • the raw product preferably comes from the care of the plants, so that no plant is harvested, no tree is felled and / or no plantation has to be cleared.
  • the shredded lamellae or the fibers obtained from the lamellae are elongated. These are preferably not chopped.
  • the elongated structure gives the material great stability.
  • the length of the slats is at least 7 cm. In contrast to shorter slats, the material is therefore much more stable.
  • the length of the shredded lamellae, i.e. the fibers is at least 8 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 90 cm or 100 cm.
  • At least two lamellae or fibers, preferably all lamellae or fibers, of the material can in particular be oriented parallel to one another.
  • At least two lamellae or fibers, preferably half each of the lamellae or fibers, of the material can be oriented at right angles to one another.
  • the slats or fibers can consequently be oriented crosswise.
  • the lamellae or fibers can be randomly aligned.
  • the orientation of the lamellae or fibers can be selected in accordance with the requirements for the material.
  • the filler of the palm tree in particular parenchyma, is separated from the lamellae or fibers, in particular suctioned off.
  • the filler is loosened during defibration.
  • the filler can be completely or at least partially separated, ie removed. For example, at least 50%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the filler can be removed.
  • the material is at least substantially free of, e.g. densified, filler.
  • the lamellae or fibers are wetted with binder, so that a homogeneous material is created.
  • the swelling in thickness is approximately 74%.
  • the thickness increases to 20.9 mm after 24 hours of water storage.
  • the swelling in thickness is approximately 8%.
  • the thickness increases to 12.9 mm after 24 h of water storage.
  • the swelling in thickness is approximately 1%.
  • the thickness increases to 12.1 mm after 24 h of water storage.
  • the swelling in thickness is approximately 0%.
  • the thickness With a bulk density of the test specimen of 980 kg / m 3 and an initial thickness of 12.0 mm, the thickness remains at 12.0 mm after 24 hours of water storage.
  • the thickness swelling of a low-swelling chipboard for use in wet areas is 17.5%.
  • the thickness increases to 17.5 mm after 24 hours of water storage.
  • the ingredients starch, lignin and / or tannin do not have a negative effect on the material, especially if the filler adhering to the fibers is not compacted and so the binder can absorb like a sponge.
  • the fiber which consists in particular of cellulose and hemicellulose, is largely separated from parenchyma and lignin. The fiber is thus detached from the matrix. The fibers obtained are therefore cellulose and no longer lignocellulose, since only the cellulose fibers are used.
  • the proportion of lamellae or fibers made of lamellae is between 40 and 95 percent by weight. The lamellae or fibers made of lamellae therefore make up a large proportion of the total weight of the material.
  • the proportion of lamellae or fibers made of lamellae is between 50 and 60 percent by weight, for example 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 or 60 percent by weight.
  • the binder is as an aminoplast, in particular phenolic resin, PF resin, melamine and / or urea resin, as an adhesive, in particular glue or epoxy resin, as a dispersion, in particular PVAC, PMDI, polyurethane, as a thermoplastic elastomer, as a clay , formed as clay and / or as cement.
  • the glue can in particular be white glue.
  • Bio binders can preferably be used.
  • the binder can e.g. as a hybrid binder with an amino resin and PMDI, e.g. Isocyanate.
  • Isocyanates in particular, have the property of ensuring safe gluing of, in some cases, wax-containing components in the fibers.
  • the resin may in particular be mixed resin, e.g. Trade MUF with PVAc or MUPF with PVAc.
  • the mixed resin can comprise or consist of urea-formaldehyde (UD).
  • UD urea-formaldehyde
  • the mixed resin can also comprise or consist of melamine-formaldehyde (MF).
  • MF melamine-formaldehyde
  • the mixed resin can comprise or consist of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) with a hardener and a formaldehyde scavenger.
  • PVAc polyvinyl acetate
  • the formaldehyde scavenger can be used to release less or no free formaldehyde after curing.
  • a binder can have, for example, 100 kg UF, 25 kg MF, 30 kg PVAc, 30 kg formaldehyde scavenger, 4 kg hardener and 65 kg water.
  • At least one additive can preferably be added to the binder, for example boric acid, boron salts, aluminum hydroxides and / or ammonium phosphates. This can increase the fire protection values
  • the proportion of binder can in particular be less than 10 percent by weight.
  • the proportion can be between 1 and 10 percent by weight.
  • the material has a further vegetable raw product, in particular leaves.
  • the leaves are preferably palm leaves.
  • the leaves are also frayed in particular.
  • So-called penetration enhancers are preferably used for sheets.
  • the proportion of the further vegetable raw product can be between 5 and 60 percent by weight, e.g. between 25 and 40 percent by weight.
  • the proportion can be between 25 and 30 percent by weight and / or between 30 and 40 percent by weight.
  • the total proportion of fiber material, e.g. Fibers from the panicles or lamellae and the leaves, in the material can in particular be more than 90 percent by weight.
  • the fiber material can e.g. about 60% of lamellae, in particular stems, and about 40% of leaves.
  • the material is designed as a pressed material.
  • the material is designed as a plate material, bar or molded part.
  • the material is therefore suitable for various applications.
  • the material can have a raw density value between 251 and 500 kg / m 3 .
  • These lightweight fiber composites meet the requirements for lightweight materials, the required thermal properties as an insulating material and / or meet the steadily growing ecological and sustainable demands of the market.
  • the material can have a raw density value between 510 and 850 kg / m 3 .
  • These medium-density fiber composites meet the general material requirements in particular, but especially the steadily growing ecological and sustainable demands of the market.
  • the material can have a raw density value of more than 850 kg / m 3 .
  • a plate and / or a board made of the original materials panicles and optionally leaves can have a bulk density of approximately 1,000 kg / m 3 , for example 1,007 kg / m 3 .
  • the fire behavior can meet the EuroClass B-s 1, d 0.
  • the thermal conductivity can be, for example, 0.25 W / mk.
  • the swelling after 24 hours of water storage can be less than 1%.
  • the tensile strength can be 0.24 N / mm 2
  • the bending strength, ie the modulus of elasticity can be 87.5 N / mm 2 .
  • a board and / or board made of panicles and, if necessary, leaves performs better than a glulam made of spruce (glulam), a coarse chipboard made of pine (OSB) and a laminated veneer made of beech (LVL):
  • the swelling after 24 h of water storage can be 18% (BSH), 25% (OSB) or 23% (LVL).
  • the tensile strength can be 0.25 N / mm 2 (BSH), 0.18 N / mm 2 (OSB) or 0.15 N / mm 2 (LVL), while the bending strength is 26.5 N / mm 2 (BSH ), 20 N / mm 2 (OSB) or 45 N / mm 2 (LVL).
  • Parallam® with a cross-section from 133 mm to 300 mm can have a characteristic bending moment of 47.88 kNm.
  • the material can be formed as a multilayer material from at least two, three, four, five, six or more layers with different bulk density values.
  • Layers of light, medium-density and / or dense fiber composite materials can be combined.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a material according to the invention as a fire protection material.
  • the material is hardly combustible, it is preferable to wood in terms of fire protection.
  • fire protection doors can be created from the material.
  • the material is particularly waterproof.
  • the material can be used in a variety of ways, e.g. as a building construction, in interior construction, e.g. as furniture, flooring or the like, in vehicle construction, in mechanical engineering, e.g. as a machine table or the like.
  • the material can also be used as a raw material for the processing industry.
  • Mixed resin as a binder is particularly suitable for many areas of application.
  • the material can be used as a binder e.g. Have clay, clay and / or cement.
  • a binder e.g. Have clay, clay and / or cement.
  • the fibers are used for reinforcement e.g. admitted to the clay. In contrast to straw, the fibers have the particular advantage that they do not rot or only rot very slowly.
  • the material can be designed as a clay plate with fibers.
  • the invention also relates to a processing device for processing elongated, vegetable raw products, preferably palm plants.
  • the raw products come in particular from date, coconut and / or oil palms.
  • the elongated stems which are also called panicles, can be processed.
  • These raw products accumulate in large quantities as waste in care.
  • the raw product preferably comes from the care of the plants, so that no plant is harvested, no tree felled and / or no plantation has to be cleared.
  • the processing device comprises a splitting device for splitting the raw products into elongated lamellae.
  • the length of the raw products and / or the lamellae can be, for example, at least 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm or more.
  • the raw products are split lengthways. Chopping into chips or fine chips does not take place.
  • the processing device has a fiberizing device for fiberizing the lamellae.
  • a fiberizing device for fiberizing the lamellae.
  • little pressure is preferably exerted on the lamellae, since the filler parenchyma, among other things. with the ingredients starch, lignin and / or tannin, would have a negative effect on the material.
  • the lamellae are preferably oriented at right angles, lengthways or as desired to the conveying direction.
  • the processing device comprises a further processing device for further processing the shredded lamellae into a material.
  • the material can in particular be a solid and / or stable material, e.g. a fiber composite material.
  • the material can be used as a board, in particular high-strength fiber composite board e.g. be formed with phenolic resin, as a bar, as a bar and / or as a molded part.
  • the material can in particular, e.g. similar to wood, can be used as a building material, for example in the construction area, in interior construction, but also in vehicle construction and / or industry.
  • the material is hardly combustible, it is preferable to wood in terms of fire protection. In particular, fire protection doors can be created from the material. Furthermore, the material is particularly waterproof. Since the stable fibers of the raw products are preserved during processing, the material is extremely stable.
  • conveying devices e.g. Conveyor belts may be provided.
  • the processing device in particular forms a unit, i.e. the raw products are fed to the individual devices one after the other in order to finally obtain the material.
  • the processing device can be used to process large quantities of raw vegetable products, in particular stems and / or leaves of the palm tree, into stable materials in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • the splitting device comprises a set of knives with one or more blades arranged in parallel and / or in a grid.
  • the raw products are preferably oriented parallel to the conveying direction and are pushed through the knife set.
  • the blades are preferably also oriented parallel to one another and / or parallel to the conveying direction. For example, at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more blades can be provided .
  • the raw products are split up and form elongated lamellae.
  • the raw products are particularly easy to split because there is no firm bond between the fibers.
  • the blade spacing can preferably be between 1 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 2 mm and 5 mm, particularly preferably between 3 mm and 4 mm.
  • the resulting slats are correspondingly thick.
  • the raw products can first be bundled by a feed device, for example by vertically oriented bundling rollers.
  • the axes of rotation of the Bundling rollers can preferably be oriented at right angles to the conveying direction or conveying surface.
  • Two bundling rollers can, for example, be arranged next to one another on opposite sides of a conveying device.
  • the raw products can be pressed by the knife set over two horizontally oriented rollers arranged one above the other.
  • the axes of rotation of the horizontal rollers can preferably be oriented at right angles to the conveying direction or parallel to the conveying surface and / or at right angles to the axes of rotation of the bundling rollers.
  • an admixing device for admixing another vegetable raw product, in particular leaves, is provided between the splitting device and the chamfering device.
  • This raw product also preferably comes from palm plants, e.g. the oil, coconut and / or date palm.
  • palm plants e.g. the oil, coconut and / or date palm.
  • all plant waste from the palm tree preferably the entire palm fronds including stems and leaves, can be used.
  • the further vegetable raw product e.g. the leaf material can preferably be added in metered amounts to the split lamellae.
  • the dosing enables a homogeneous distribution.
  • the further vegetable raw product is fed to the defibration device together with the split lamellae and also defibrated.
  • the defibration device comprises a friction device.
  • a friction device During fiber disruption by friction, little or no pressure is exerted on the lamella and / or the leaf material. This will remove the fibers from the natural structure is extracted without, for example, the fillers of the palm panicle, for example parenchyma, being pressed. Pressure on the material would result in the undifferentiated filler, which is embedded between the fibers of the panicle, being pressed against the fiber and thereby sticking to it.
  • Compressed and / or pressed filler leads to negative effects on the material.
  • the glue quality decreases.
  • the material can also have an adverse swelling behavior.
  • a binder is absorbed like a sponge, so that a homogeneous material is created, since the filler lies between the fibers when pressed as with the natural starting product.
  • the filler preferably detaches from the fibers and can e.g. be sucked off.
  • the friction device comprises at least two friction devices arranged one above the other.
  • the lamellae and / or blades are transported in the conveying direction between the rubbing devices in the conveying direction. These are preferably oriented at right angles, lengthways or at will to the direction of conveyance.
  • the rubbing devices preferably grip the lamella and / or leaves from below and from above.
  • the friction devices are preferably corrugated and / or profiled.
  • the structure of the reaming device significantly improves the defibration process.
  • the friction devices can have the same corrugation or the same profile. Alternatively, these can also be corrugated or profiled differently.
  • the friction devices can have the same or a different sense of rotation. In this way, the slats and / or leaves are moved up and down, for example, in the same direction.
  • the rubbing devices can have or consist of conveyor belts, rollers and / or disks.
  • the conveyor belts can in particular comprise chain plates. If the friction devices are designed as rollers, a plurality of rollers can also be arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction.
  • the distance between the friction devices decreases in the conveying direction.
  • the space for the lamellas and / or leaves is becoming increasingly narrow, so that they finally fray.
  • the space between the friction devices preferably narrows conically.
  • the speeds of the friction devices are different.
  • the speed of the top grater e.g. at least 1, 1 times, 1, 2 times, 1, 3 times, 1, 4 times, 1, 5 times, 1, 6 times, 1, 7 times, 1, 8 times, 1, 9 times, 2 times, 2 , 5 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times or 10 times, greater than the speed of the lower friction device.
  • a sensor device e.g. a fiber sifter is provided for analysis of the shredded lamellae, the speed of at least one friction device being controllable by means of a control device on the basis of the data determined by the sensor device.
  • the fiber thickness or fiber fineness and / or the degree of chamfering can be measured. If the result is insufficient, the control device can regulate or control the speed of at least one friction device accordingly. The speed can be increased or decreased.
  • only the speed of the upper friction device is regulated by the control device.
  • the speed of the lower friction device can in particular correspond to the normal conveying speed and / or remain the same.
  • only the speed of the lower friction device can be regulated, the speed of the upper friction device remaining the same.
  • the speeds of the upper and lower friction devices can also be regulated.
  • a suction device is provided in the region of the fiberizing device and / or between the fiberizing device and the further processing device.
  • the suction device can be designed, in particular, for suction of a filler which precipitates during the defibration.
  • pulverulent material that precipitates during fiberization or fiber disruption can be separated or suctioned off. Due to the ingredients such as e.g. Starch, glucose, tannin and / or lignin, this material can be used as a raw material for material use, e.g. as bio-plastic or foamed as non-flammable insulating material, or used for energy generation. In particular, electricity and process heat can be generated from biogas and / or methanol. The material can e.g. can be used as feed.
  • the further processing device comprises a binding device, in particular a gluing device.
  • Glue an aminoplast such as e.g. Phenolic resin, PF resin, melamine and / or urea resin
  • an adhesive a dispersion such as e.g. PVAC, PMDI, polyurethane, epoxy resin, clay, clay and / or cement can be used.
  • the further processing device comprises at least one pressing device.
  • the shredded lamellae and / or leaves provided with the binding agent can be pressed into a material, for example a plate or a beam.
  • the invention also relates to a method for processing elongated, raw vegetable products, preferably palm plants, in particular with a processing device according to the invention.
  • the raw products resulting from the care can e.g. be delivered to collection points.
  • the material can be processed here for the first time.
  • the so-called frond sleeve are cut, e.g. using a cross saw.
  • the resulting dust can in particular be extracted.
  • the frond sleeve contains relatively little fiber material in relation to the mass and is therefore only of limited suitability for the method according to the invention, although this is fundamentally possible.
  • the frond sleeve is chopped into chips in a chopper and e.g. stored. This material is then used in other production areas.
  • the palm fronds can be brushed with heavy dirt, e.g. Sand to be cleaned. If necessary, a preventive spraying with a fungicide is then preferably carried out to avoid the formation of mold.
  • heavy dirt e.g. Sand to be cleaned.
  • a preventive spraying with a fungicide is then preferably carried out to avoid the formation of mold.
  • a penetration conveyor is provided.
  • a spray device can be provided for spraying the penetration conveyor onto the pallet wax, in particular the panicles and / or the leaves.
  • the material can optionally be sprayed with a chemical solution that covers the natural wax layer on the surface of the material, ie the cuticle, in particular both the stem and the leaves. dissolves. This significantly improves the penetration of the binder and thus the quality of the glue.
  • the surface of the panicles and / or especially the leaves consists of a layer of wax.
  • Wax acts as a release agent on many binders, ie fiber parts with wax do not form a secure bond or bond.
  • a chemical penetrate promoter for example an alkylcarboxamide, can either be applied beforehand or added to the binder as an additive in the manufacturing process.
  • Such agents are known from treatment with crop protection agents.
  • the palm leaves which in contrast to the panicles consist almost exclusively of stable fibers, can be mechanically separated from the panicles, for example by means of a knife rotor.
  • the resulting dust can be extracted in particular.
  • the leaves can then be pressed into compact bales, for example in a baler, which reduces the storage volume and simplifies storage and / or transport.
  • the panicles can be cut, in particular cut, to a defined length in one pass.
  • the length can depend in particular on the size of the defibration device.
  • the panicles can then be bundled.
  • the panicles cut to the defined length can form the elongated, vegetable raw products.
  • the raw products are split into elongated lamellae.
  • the raw products are not chopped into chips and / or fine chips, but the natural fibers, e.g. Giving the palm fronds enormous stability are retained as long fibers in order to transfer the positive material properties to the material.
  • the stems are pressed lengthwise, for example by a set of knives, whereby the compact stalk is split into elongated lamellae. In this way, the fibers are exposed.
  • another vegetable raw product such as the previously separated leaves, can now be mixed in.
  • the admixing can in particular be carried out in a metered manner to obtain a homogeneous distribution.
  • the slats and / or leaves are then defibrated.
  • the fibers are released from the natural structure.
  • the pure fibers are obtained in particular without the ingredients of the panicle which have a negative effect on the end product.
  • the fiber is broken down at least essentially by friction, so that, if possible, no pressure is exerted on the material.
  • the fibers obtained can, for example, be re-sorted and used for further use.
  • the shredded lamellas and / or leaves are then further processed into a material.
  • the shredded lamellae are subjected to a binder and pressed.
  • the fibers can be transported further, for example by an air stream, with a binder, e.g. Adhesive, wetted or sprayed and / or dried when required when using liquid binders, for example by an infrared drying device.
  • a binder e.g. Adhesive, wetted or sprayed and / or dried when required when using liquid binders, for example by an infrared drying device.
  • binders can be used, which can harden during use through different physical and / or chemical processes.
  • the fibers can in particular be shaped into a so-called fiber cake, the thickness and / or bulk density of the material in particular being defined here.
  • fiber composites for example sheets, can be produced from this fiber cake, preferably in a hot press, using high pressure and / or high heat.
  • the pressure and / or the heat leads in particular to a reaction and / or curing of the binder, for example the adhesive.
  • the fibers provided with a binder can in particular under the influence of pressure and / or heat e.g. be pressed into flat sheet materials, beams and / or molded parts.
  • a fiber mat can be formed in a forming station and the bulk density of the material can be defined.
  • the fiber mat can be compressed and / or calibrated in a pre-press and a subsequent curing unit designed as a main press.
  • the materials can in particular be processed further, for example by formatting them into sheets and / or beams.
  • the invention also relates to a material which is obtained by the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of a
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of an embodiment of a splitting device
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of an embodiment of a
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the defibration device according to FIG. 4,
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a palm panicle split into lamellae
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional side view of an embodiment of a
  • Fig. 12 is a front view of shredded lamellae.
  • Fig. 1 shows a processing device in which elongated, vegetable raw products 10, e.g. Panicles of palm trees are fed to a splitting device 14 in the conveying direction (see arrow) via a conveyor device designed as a conveyor belt 12.
  • a processing device in which elongated, vegetable raw products 10, e.g. Panicles of palm trees are fed to a splitting device 14 in the conveying direction (see arrow) via a conveyor device designed as a conveyor belt 12.
  • the raw products 10 split into lamellae are then deflected by a further conveying device 12 and are now transverse to the conveying direction.
  • the split panicles 10 and leaves 18 enter a defibration device 20 and are defibrated there.
  • An optional suction device 22 can be used to separate the resulting powdery substances.
  • the further processing device 24 comprises a binding device designed as a gluing device 26.
  • a continuous pre-press 28 of the further processing device 24 the glued panicles 10 and leaves 18 are pressed into raw mats.
  • An optional diagonal saw 30 can cut the raw mats.
  • the raw mats can e.g. are buffered in a buffer 32.
  • the raw mats can be glued in a mat gluing device 34.
  • a dosing device 36 follows, which can comprise a balance.
  • the glued raw mats are pressed in a main press 38.
  • the bulk density and / or the thickness of the material is defined by the main press 38 using high pressure and / or high heat.
  • An outlet belt and / or a cooling star 40 follows.
  • the materials can be stacked by means of a stacking device 42.
  • the stacking device 42 can in particular have a ripening storage for the materials.
  • the materials can be destacked, ground, sawn and / or separated, for example.
  • the sawing can take place in particular by means of a multi-blade saw. Dust can be extracted.
  • the knife set 44 comprises a plurality of blades oriented parallel to one another and / or parallel to the conveying direction.
  • the raw products 10 are pressed lengthwise through the knife set 44.
  • these can first be bundled by two vertically oriented bundling rollers 46.
  • the distance between the bundling rollers 46 and / or the degree of bundling can e.g. can be adjusted hydraulically and / or pneumatically.
  • two horizontally oriented rollers 48 arranged one above the other press the raw products 10 through the knife set 44.
  • the lower roller 48 can be seen in the illustration according to FIG. 3 cut along the line AA.
  • 4 and 5 show detailed views of a defibration device 20 with two rubbing devices 50.
  • an alignment device 52 can be provided for parallel positioning of the supplied material.
  • the rubbing devices 50 are e.g. designed as corrugated conveyor belts.
  • the distance between the rubbing devices 50 becomes smaller and smaller in the conveying direction.
  • the panicles 10 and / or leaves 18 conveyed transversely to the conveying direction are thus frayed by friction.
  • the upper rubbing device 50 can in particular rotate counterclockwise, while the lower rubbing device 50 can rotate clockwise.
  • the speed of rotation of the upper friction device 50 is preferably substantially higher than the speed of rotation of the lower friction device 50.
  • the quality or fineness of the fibers can be checked in a sensor device designed as a fiber classifier 54.
  • the fibers obtained can be re-sorted.
  • the determined data can also be used to adapt the speed of at least one friction device 50, preferably the upper friction device 50.
  • FIG. 6 shows a material designed as a bar 56 with elongated, shredded slats 58, that is to say fibers, from palm trees and a binder 60.
  • the shape of the material 56 is basically arbitrary. For example, instead of bars 56, plates or the like can also be formed.
  • the binder 60 can in particular be a mixed resin, e.g. Urea formaldehyde.
  • the material in addition to shredded lamellae 58, can also have, for example, melamine-formaldehyde as binder 60.
  • the material 56 in addition to shredded lamellae 58, can have, for example, polyvinyl acetate as a binder 60 with a hardener and a formaldehyde scavenger.
  • the material 56 can optionally also have leaves 18 as a further vegetable raw product.
  • the sheets 18 can preferably also be frayed.
  • Material 56 in particular forms a fiber composite material. For example, this can have been produced in a processing device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows an insulating material 62 which can be produced by foaming filler 64.
  • the filler 64 may e.g. be sucked off during the production of a material 56.
  • filler 64 e.g. by means of a grinder, ground and / or with a liquid, e.g. Water.
  • the ground filler 64 is mixed with the liquid to form a suspension, e.g. Starch and / or lignin are released.
  • the mixing can take place in particular by means of a pan mill and / or a mixer.
  • a physical foaming agent e.g. Knitted fabric and / or sodium are added.
  • the mixture therefore foams.
  • the liquid evaporates by heating and the insulating material 62 remains.
  • the shape of the insulating material 62 is basically arbitrary.
  • plates can be molded.
  • molded parts can also be produced, e.g. for packaging and / or vehicle construction.
  • the insulating material can have a raw density between 72 and 250 kg / m 3 .
  • 8 shows a sectional view of a palm panicle 10 with fibers 58, filler 64, in particular parenchyma, and a wax layer 68, in particular cuticle.
  • the palm panicle 10 has been split into lamellae 70.
  • the fibers 58 are in a natural composite with the filler 64.
  • the fibers 58 are at least partially exposed by the cleavage.
  • the slats 70 can now be separated.
  • An isolated lamella 70 is shown in FIG.
  • the lamella 70 is shredded in the defibering device 20, the natural bond being broken up by friction and thereby being separated into elongated fibers 58 and filler 64 in the form of powdery material.
  • bamboo does not fiberize the slats obtained, but instead they are either directly or after being squeezed with binders and pressed into one material.
  • the waxy cuticle is usually removed, e.g. mechanically detached so that gluing is possible at all.
  • Heat treatment e.g. a carbonization carried out.
  • FIG. 12 shows a front view of the shredded lamellae 58.
  • These fibers 58 can in particular be produced from the palm panicle 10 by means of fiber disruption by the action of friction. Here, the natural bond is broken, whereby stable, elongated fibers 58 which are as pure as possible are obtained.
  • Reference list

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau, en particulier un matériau composite renforcé de fibres, comprenant des lamelles allongées et défibrées de végétaux de la famille des palmiers, ainsi qu'un liant.
PCT/EP2019/077072 2018-10-08 2019-10-07 Matériau WO2020074437A2 (fr)

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MA53232A MA53232B1 (fr) 2018-10-08 2019-10-07 Matériau
CN201980087046.2A CN113573861B (zh) 2018-10-08 2019-10-07 来自棕榈植物成分的材料、加工该材料的装置及制造工艺
JP2021543575A JP7148771B2 (ja) 2018-10-08 2019-10-07 資材
EP19794884.7A EP3837098B1 (fr) 2018-10-08 2019-10-07 Matériau

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DE102018124706.0 2018-10-08
DE102018124706.0A DE102018124706A1 (de) 2018-10-08 2018-10-08 Bearbeitungsvorrichtung

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US3464877A (en) * 1964-07-22 1969-09-02 Robert B Miller Sugarcane processing
DE2120823A1 (de) * 1971-04-28 1972-11-09 Himmelheber, Max, Dipl.-Ing., 7296 Klosterreichenbach Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holzfaserstoff
DE2263964A1 (de) * 1972-12-29 1974-07-04 B Maier Kg 4812 Maschf Verfahren zur herstellung von holzwerkstoff-formteilen
JP2749650B2 (ja) * 1989-08-01 1998-05-13 有限会社エステートルース 自動車用成形天井材及びその製造方法
DE4239786A1 (de) * 1992-11-26 1994-06-01 Martin Bronnhuber Spaltvorrichtung zum Spalten von Holzstämmen
JPH08336816A (ja) * 1995-04-12 1996-12-24 Onnetsu Kankyo Kaihatsu Kk 板状体又は成形体及びその製法
JPH0994887A (ja) * 1995-09-29 1997-04-08 Shoji Akiyama ３次元やし殻長繊維構造体マット強化樹脂成形体、その積層体、これらの製造方法およびこれらの用途
JP2007307914A (ja) * 1997-12-25 2007-11-29 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 繊維板
US6197414B1 (en) * 1997-12-25 2001-03-06 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Fiberboard and manufacturing method thereof
DE10139987A1 (de) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-06 Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserplatten
JP2006225547A (ja) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-31 Japan Science & Technology Agency 成形材料組成物、成形体およびその製造方法
DE102007025331A1 (de) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Steico Ag Mehrschichtige Werkstoffplatte, insbesondere aus Hanf
JP2011093125A (ja) * 2009-10-27 2011-05-12 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 長繊維ボードおよび長繊維複合ボード
JP2012051169A (ja) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-15 Engineering Research Associates Inc 配向性ストランドボード
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WO2020074437A3 (fr) 2020-07-16
EP3837098A2 (fr) 2021-06-23
DE102018124706A1 (de) 2020-04-09
EP3837098B1 (fr) 2022-04-27
WO2020074447A2 (fr) 2020-04-16
EP3860819A2 (fr) 2021-08-11
WO2020074447A3 (fr) 2020-07-16
MA53232A (fr) 2021-12-22
JP2022512000A (ja) 2022-02-01
CN113573861B (zh) 2024-02-06
JP7148771B2 (ja) 2022-10-06
MA53232B1 (fr) 2022-10-31
CN113573861A (zh) 2021-10-29
MA53821A (fr) 2022-01-12

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