EP2705885B1 - System zur behandlung von wasser für industrielle zwecke - Google Patents

System zur behandlung von wasser für industrielle zwecke Download PDF

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EP2705885B1
EP2705885B1 EP13193275.8A EP13193275A EP2705885B1 EP 2705885 B1 EP2705885 B1 EP 2705885B1 EP 13193275 A EP13193275 A EP 13193275A EP 2705885 B1 EP2705885 B1 EP 2705885B1
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Prior art keywords
water
filtration
membranes
filters
mobile suction
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French (fr)
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EP2705885B9 (de
EP2705885A1 (de
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T. Fernando FISCHMANN
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Crystal Lagoons Curacao BV
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Crystal Lagoons Curacao BV
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Priority to RS20170314A priority Critical patent/RS55824B1/sr
Priority to SI201131137A priority patent/SI2705885T1/sl
Publication of EP2705885A1 publication Critical patent/EP2705885A1/de
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Priority to HRP20170474TT priority patent/HRP20170474T1/hr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/30—Control equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
    • B01D36/04—Combinations of filters with settling tanks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C02F1/766—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens by means of halogens other than chlorine or of halogenated compounds containing halogen other than chlorine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C02F2101/203—Iron or iron compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C02F2101/206—Manganese or manganese compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/04—Oxidation reduction potential [ORP]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/10—Solids, e.g. total solids [TS], total suspended solids [TSS] or volatile solids [VS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/11—Turbidity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/18—Removal of treatment agents after treatment
    • C02F2303/185—The treatment agent being halogen or a halogenated compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
    • C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/33—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low cost apparatus for treating water, which will be used in an industrial process.
  • the apparatus of the invention purifies the water and eliminates suspended solids without the need of filtering the totality of the water volume, but only filtering a small fraction of up to 200 times less than the flow filtered by a conventional water treatment filtration system.
  • High microbiological quality water with high clarity is a scarce resource that is currently required for the processes of many industries.
  • the treatment for obtaining such water entails large investment and operating costs, and the processes are complicated and present many problems that have not been effectively solved to the present day.
  • the processes consume large amounts of energy and chemicals, thus severely damaging the environment.
  • removing impurities that are contained in the water, such as suspended solids, metals, algae, and bacteria, among others, requires the Installation of expensive and complex filtration systems that allow filtering the entire volume of water, thus presenting high energy consumption, high chemical and material requirements, and other resources that hinder this process.
  • High microbiological quality water is required for several important processes, such as the pretreatment of water for reverse osmosis desalination processes, for treating water used in aquaculture, for treating and maintaining water for the potable water industry, for treating industrial liquid residuals, or for mining industries, among others.
  • the water of high microbiological quality and clarity at very low costs of the present invention can also be used in other industrial processes that require high physicochemical and microbiological quality water.
  • seawater is the most abundant resource on earth, a virtually inexhaustible source of salt water which is always available for use. Therefore, to solve the immense problems associated with the short supply of fresh water, the best solution is to process sea water to provide fresh water for general consumption.
  • the vast availability of sea water contained in the oceans has led to research and creation of technologies to remove the salts in the water by various processes, and produce fresh water.
  • the best available technology in the world to achieve this objective is the desalination process.
  • Currently, about 130 countries worldwide are implementing some type of desalination process, and it is expected that the installed capacity will be doubled by 2015.
  • thermal desalination requires evaporation, so more energy is needed for the phase change process, making thermal desalination less efficient in terms of energy consumption.
  • Current restrictions require improving the overall efficiency of processes, using technologies that meet the environmental requirements demanded by society, while minimizing the carbon footprint and the environmental impact.
  • Reverse osmosis is a process by which pressure is applied to a flow of water having a high concentration of salts, through a semi-permeable membrane that only lets water molecules to pass through. Because of this, the permeate leaving the other side of the membrane corresponds to high microbiological quality water with a low salt content.
  • the second stage corresponding to the reverse osmosis process itself, has been extensively studied and efficiencies of up to 98% have been achieved (General Electric HERO Systems).
  • the first stage of the process of producing fresh water using reverse osmosis corresponds to the conditioning of salt water before reaching the semi-permeable membrane, also called water pretreatment.
  • This pretreatment step experiences major problems related to water quality needed for efficient operation of reverse osmosis membranes. In fact, it is estimated that 51% of reverse osmosis membranes fail due to poor pretreatment, either due to poor design or poor operation, while 30% fail because of inadequate dosing of chemicals. Current methods, in addition to being inefficient due to high rate of failures, have very high costs thereby driving research to find new methods that solve these problems.
  • reverse osmosis membranes The damage of reverse osmosis membranes is mainly caused by oxidation and hydrolysis of membrane material because of diverse compounds in the feed water. Most reverse osmosis membranes cannot withstand existing concentrations of residual chlorine, which is usually added in desalination processes to prevent biological growth. The membranes have high costs, so all possible precautions to maintain continuous operation and achieve the best possible performance should be taken; thus, the water must be often de-chlorinated before it passes through the membranes. Eventually, the pH of the feed water should also be adjusted for optimal operation of the membranes. In addition, dissolved oxygen and other oxidizing agents must be removed to prevent damage to the membranes. The gases also affect the proper operation of the membranes, so high concentrations should be avoided for optimal operation. Current methods to regulate the concentrations of gases and oxidizing agents are very expensive and inefficient.
  • blocking of reverse osmosis membranes is largely responsible for the large inefficiencies that arise because of various reasons, for example, higher pressures need to be applied on the feed water to pass through the membrane, major downtime is caused by the constant maintenance and washing that has to be performed, and the high replacement costs of supplies used in the process.
  • the blocking of the membranes is caused by three major problems: biofouling, scaling and colloidal fouling.
  • Biofouling is caused by the growth of colonies of bacteria or algae on the surface of the membrane. Because chlorine cannot be used, the risk of developing a film of biomass exists, thus preventing the passage of water supply and reducing the efficiency of the system.
  • Scaling refers to precipitation and deposits of moderately soluble salt on the membranes.
  • the solubility limits of some of the components present in the feed water may be exceeded, allowing precipitation.
  • These components include calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, silica, barium sulfate, strontium sulfate and calcium fluoride, among others.
  • the final stage is subject to the highest concentration of dissolved salts, and this is where the first signs of scaling begin to appear. Scaling due to precipitation is amplified by the phenomenon of concentration gradient on the surface of the membranes.
  • Obstruction by particles or colloidal fouling occurs when the water supply contains a large amount of suspended particles and colloidal matter, requiring constant washing to clean the membranes.
  • concentration of particles in water can be measured and expressed in different ways. The most used parameter is the turbidity, which must be maintained at low levels for proper operation.
  • the accumulation of particles on the surface of the membrane can adversely affect both the feed water flow and the rejection properties of reverse osmosis membrane.
  • the colloidal fouling is caused by the accumulation of colloidal particles on the surface of the membrane and the formation of a layer with a cake form.
  • the decrease in permeate flux is given on the one hand by the formation of a cake layer, and on the other hand, because of the high concentration of salt in the membrane surface caused by the obstructed diffusion of salt ions, causing an increased osmotic pressure which reduces the net force impulse.
  • the monitored parameter to prevent colloidal fouling is the Silt Density Index (SDI), and membrane manufacturers suggest SDIs of up to 4. Blockage of the membranes can also occur due to fouling by Natural Organic Matter (NOM).
  • SDI Silt Density Index
  • the natural organic matter clogs the membrane either because: the narrowing of pores associated with the adsorption of natural organic matter on the walls of the pores, colloidal organic matter which acts as a stopper at the opening of the pores, or forming a continuous layer of gel that coats the surface of the membrane. This layer creates great inefficiencies and clogging of this layer should therefore be avoided at all costs.
  • the pretreatment of water before entering the desalination process generally includes the following steps:
  • the costs of filtration steps leads to high costs along with a number of drawbacks.
  • the pretreatment is inadequate, the filters become clogged with organic matter, colloids, algae, microorganisms, and/or larvae.
  • the requirement to filter the total volume of water to be processed in the plant to reduce turbidity and remove particles imposes severe restrictions in terms of energy, implementation and installation costs, as well as during the operation in terms of maintenance and replacement of filters.
  • pretreatment systems today are very inefficient and have high costs due to the devices to be implemented, and the continuing operating and maintenance tasks that are costly and difficult to perform.
  • the aquaculture industry is focused on farming of aquatic species, plants and animals, from which raw materials for food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, among others, is obtained.
  • the aquatic species are grown in fresh or sea water, where mainly fish, mollusks, crustaceans, macro-algae and microalgae are cultivated. Due to industry growth, development of new technologies, and environmental regulations imposed by the international community, there is a need to minimize the environmental impact of the aquaculture industry while at the same time maintaining adequate control of the operation conditions. To do this, the cultivation of aquatic species have migrated from being located in situ in natural water sources, such as the sea, to facilities built specifically for such purposes.
  • aquatic species are also used in the energy sector to generate energy from renewable non-conventional sources, in particular, for the production of biofuels such as biodiesel from microalgae.
  • biofuels With regard to biofuels, it should be noted that the global energy matrix is organized around fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal), which provide about 80% of global energy consumption.
  • Biomass, hydroelectric, and other "non-conventional" energy sources, such as solar energy, are renewable energy sources. Within the latter group, and representing only 2.1% of the matrix, are comprised eolic energy, solar energy, and biofuels, which in turn include biogas, biodiesel and ethanol, mainly.
  • biodiesel from algae does not require the extensive use of agricultural land. Thus, it does not affect food production worldwide, because the algae can grow in reduced spaces and have very fast growth rates, with biomass doubling times of 24 hours. Consequently, algae are a source of continuous and inexhaustible energy production, and also absorb carbon dioxide for their growth, which can be captured from various sources such as thermal power stations.
  • the main systems for microalgae growth correspond to:
  • raceway ponds were created, which are operated continuously.
  • the algae, water and nutrients are circulated in a type of racetrack, and are mixed with the aid of paddle wheels, to re-suspend the algae in the water, so that they are in constant movement and always receive sunlight.
  • the ponds are shallow due to the need of algae for light, and that the penetration of sunlight reaches a limited depth.
  • Photo bioreactors allow the cultivation of a single species of microalgae for a long time and are ideal for producing a large biomass of algae.
  • Photo bioreactors generally have a diameter less than or equal to 0.1 m, because a greater range would prevent light from entering the deeper zones, as the crop density is very high, in order to achieve a high yield.
  • the photo bioreactors require cooling during daylight hours, and also need temperature control at night. For example, the loss of biomass produced at night can be reduced by lowering the temperature during these hours.
  • the biodiesel production process depends on the type of algae grown, which are selected based on performance and adaptation characteristics to environmental conditions.
  • Microalgae biomass production is started in photo bioreactors, where CO 2 that generally comes from power plants is fed. Later, before entering the stationary growth phase, the microalgae are transported from photo bioreactors to tanks of greater volume, where they continue to develop and multiply, until the maximum biomass density is reached. The algae are then harvested by different separation processes, to obtain algal biomass, which is ultimately processed to extract biofuel products.
  • microalgae For the cultivation of microalgae, virtually sterile purified water is required, as productivity is affected by the contamination of other unwanted species of algae or microorganisms.
  • the water is conditioned according to specific culture medium, also depending on the needs of the system.
  • the water industry provides drinking water to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the economy.
  • the industry In order to provide potable water, the industry generally begins its operations with the collection of water from high microbiological quality and clarity natural sources, which is then stored in reservoirs for future use.
  • the water can be stored for long periods of time in the reservoir without being used.
  • the quality of water stored for long period of time begins to deteriorate as microorganisms and algae proliferate in the water, making the water unsuitable for human consumption.
  • the water Since the water is no longer suitable for consumption, it must be processed in a potable water treatment plant, where it passes through various stages of purification.
  • chlorine and other chemicals are added in order to produce high quality water.
  • Reaction of chlorine with the organic compounds present in the water can produce several toxic by-products or disinfection by-products (DBP).
  • DBP disinfection by-products
  • chloramines are undesired by-products.
  • Further reaction of chlorine or chloramines with organic matter will produce trihalomethanes, which have been indicated as carcinogenic compounds.
  • DBPs have been identified, such as iodinated trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, halonitromethanes, haloacetaldehydes, and nitrosamines. Furthermore, exposure of bathers to chlorine and organic matter has been mentioned as a factor contributing to potential respiratory problems, including asthma.
  • Wastewater is treated every day to produce clean water used for different purposes. There is a need to treat wastewater producing small amounts of sludge and waste, and also using less chemicals and energy.
  • Mining is a very important industry throughout the world, and highly collaborates to each nation's economy. Mining industries require water for many of their processes, a resource that is limited and that everyday becomes scarcer. Some mining industries have developed technologies for utilizing seawater in the majority of their processes, being able to operate only with this resource.
  • the pumping stations consist on structures that comprise high power pumps, which send the collected seawater to the next pumping station, and so on.
  • the pumping stations also comprise a containing structure to maintain seawater in case of any problems that could occur in the previous pumping stations.
  • These containing structures eventually can develop diverse problems that affect the pumping process, like the biofouling of the walls and the inner surfaces of the pipes. Biofouling causes the deterioration of the materials as well as a reduction of the transversal area of the pipes, imposing higher operational and maintenance costs. Also, the water inside of the containing structures begins to deteriorate because of the microalgae growth, which negatively interferes with the station processes, and leads to diverse and important problems such as biofouling.
  • Some industries have liquid residuals that may not comply with irrigation, infiltration, or discharging requirements imposed by local government. Also, some industries have settling tanks or other containment means to allow natural processes in the water to occur, such as the emission of gases or other substances that cause bad odor or color properties.
  • Patent JP2011005463A presents a control system for the injection of coagulants and flocculants in water purification plants.
  • Said system is based in the use of a turbidity sensor that measures the quantity and quality of water before adding the coagulants and flocculants.
  • the system uses a classifier that measures flocculant size after settling and classifies the treated water according to these measurements.
  • the control system calculates the coagulant and flocculants injection rate, which are applied by installations destined for this means.
  • the calculations of the dosed compounds are corrected according to a function that determines a correction factor in accordance to the turbidity measured before and after the treatment. After the settling of the particles, there Is a filtration stage that filters the whole treated water volume.
  • patent JP2011005463A does not control the organic content or the microorganisms present In the water, as the system does not comprise the use of disinfectant or oxidizing agents. Also, the system in JP2011005463A does not reduce the metal content In the water and relies on the constant measure of the parameters, therefore having high demands In terms of sensors and other measuring devices, Furthermore, patent JP2011005463A requires filtering the totality of the water volume that is treated, which imposes high energy demands and high installation and maintenance costs regarding the system required for such filtration.
  • US 2011/061194 A1 and WO 2010/074770 A1 disclose large scale water bodies for recreational purposes, which are subject to specific treatment for maintaining water quality at an acceptable level.
  • the apparatus constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention purifies water and removes suspended solids, metals, algae, bacteria, and other items from the water at very low costs, and without the need of filtering the totality of the water volume. Only a small fraction of the total volume of the water is filtered, up to 200 times less than the flow filtered by conventional water treatment filtration systems. The treated water is used as a raw material in industrial purposes.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for the pretreatment and maintenance of feed water that uses fewer chemicals and consumes less energy than conventional pretreatment technologies.
  • the water produced by the present invention achieves the characteristics required for algae inoculation using a filtering means that requires the filtering of only a fraction of the total volume of water.
  • the present invention provides water of high microbiological quality that is used for the inoculation of microalgae and other microorganism.
  • the use of the treated water represents a high reduction in costs, since one of the main problems of this industry is preparing the water for the inoculation.
  • the present invention allows for the treatment of the water after the algae has grown and it has been harvested. Therefore, the water can be reused creating a sustainable method for the aquaculture Industry.
  • the present invention can be used for treating water that comes from wastewater treatment facilities at very low cost, removing odor and obtaining high clarity water with low turbidity levels.
  • the amounts of waste and sludge are considerably reduced compared to conventional wastewater treatments, thereby providing a sustainable method which is environmentally friendly.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for treating water that prevents biofouling in pumping stations, thus reducing operating and maintaining costs.
  • the apparatus of the invention provides a low cost process for treating water for use In industrial processes that, unlike conventional water treatment filtration systems, purifies the water and eliminates suspended solids in the water by filtering a small fraction of the total volume of water.
  • the receiving means is generally covered with a material comprising membranes, geo-membranes, geotextile membranes, plastic liners, concrete, or coated concrete, or a combination thereof.
  • the coordination means is capable of receiving information, processing that information, and activating other processes, such as the chemical application means, mobile suction means, and the filtration means.
  • the chemical application means generally includes injectors, sprinklers, manual application, dispensers by weight, pipes, or a combination thereof.
  • the propelling means drives the mobile suction means and typically includes a rail system, a cable system, a self-propelled system, a manually propelled system, a robotic system, a system guided from a distance, a boat with an engine, a floating device with an engine, or a combination thereof.
  • the filtration means includes a cartridge filter, sand filter, micro-filter, ultra-filter, nano-filter, or a combination thereof and is generally connected to the mobile suction means by a collecting line comprising a flexible hose, rigid hose, pipe, or a combination thereof.
  • container or “containing means” are used generically herein to describe any artificial large body of water, Including artificial lagoons, artificial lakes, artificial ponds, pools, and the like.
  • coordination means is used generically herein to describe an automated system that is able receive information, process it, and make a decision according to it. It is a computer connected to sensors.
  • mobile suction means is used generically herein to describe a suctioning device that is able to travel across the bottom surface of the containing means and suction the settled material.
  • propelling means is used generically herein to describe a propelling device that provides movement, either by pushing or pulling another device.
  • filtration means is used generically herein to describe a filtration system, encompassing terminology such as filter, strainer, separator, and the like.
  • TDS Total Dissolved Solids
  • high microbiological water quality comprises a preferred aerobic bacteria count of less than 200 CFU/ml, more preferably of less than 100 CFU/ml, and most preferably of less than 50 CFU/ml.
  • high clarity comprises a preferred turbidity level of less than 10 Nephelometer Turbidity Units (NTU), more preferably of less than 7 NTU, and most preferably of less than 5 NTU.
  • NTU Nephelometer Turbidity Units
  • low fouling levels comprises a preferred SDI Index of less than 6, more preferably of less than 5, and most preferably of less than 4.
  • the term "small fraction" corresponding to the filtrated water volume comprises a flow of up to 200 times less than the flow filtrated in traditionally configured water treatment filtration systems.
  • traditional water treatment filtration systems As used herein, the term "traditional water treatment filtration systems”' or “conventional water treatment filtration system” comprises a filtration system that filters the entire water volume that has to be treated, from 1 to 6 times per day.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for treating water at low cost.
  • the apparatus of the invention purifies the water and eliminates suspended solids from the water without the need of filtering the totality of the water volume.
  • the present invention filters only a small fraction of the entire volume of water, corresponding to a flow up to 200 times smaller than for traditional water treatment methods.
  • Treated water produced by the apparatus of the invention is used for industrial purposes, such as a raw material in industrial purposes.
  • Water treated by an apparatus of the invention can be freshwater, brackish water, or seawater.
  • the apparatus includes a coordination means that allows the timely activation of the processes required to adjust the controlled parameters within limits specified by the operator.
  • the present invention uses far less chemicals than traditional water treatment systems, since It applies the chemicals according to the systems' necessities by using an algorithm that depends on the water temperature, thus avoiding having to maintain permanent concentrations of chemicals in the water, which result in higher operational costs.
  • An apparatus of the invention includes at least one containing means, at least one coordination means, at least one chemical application means, at least one mobile suction means, and at least one filtration means.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system which forms part of an apparatus of the invention.
  • the system includes a containing means (8).
  • the size of the containing means is at least 15,000 m 3 , or alternatively, at least 50,000 m 3 . It is contemplated that the container or containing means can have a volume of 1 million m 3 , 50 million m 3 , 500 million m 3 , or more.
  • the containing means (8) has a bottom able to receive bacteria, algae, suspended solids, metals, and other particles that settle from the water.
  • the containing means (8) includes a receiving means (17) for receiving the settled particles or materials from the water being treated.
  • a receiving means (17) is affixed to the bottom of the containing means (8) and preferably is constructed of a non-porous material capable of being cleaned.
  • the bottom of the containing means (8) is generally covered with the non-porous material allowing the mobile suction means (5) to travel across the entire inferior surface of the containing means (8) and suction the settled particles produced by any of the processes disclosed herein.
  • the non-porous materials can be membranes, geo-membranes, geotextiie membranes, plastic liners, concrete, coated concrete, or combinations thereof.
  • the bottom of the containing means (8) is covered with plastic liners.
  • the containing means (8) can include an Inlet line (7) for feeding water to the containing means (8).
  • the inlet line (7) allows for the refilling of the containing means (8) due to evaporation, consumption of water due to usage in an industrial process, and other losses of water.
  • the apparatus includes at least one coordination means (1) which controls the necessary processes depending on the system needs (e.g., water quality or purity). Such processes include activation (13) of a chemical application means (4) and the activation (11) of a mobile suction means (5).
  • the coordination means (1) can vary the flow of treated water to the industrial process (2) based on information (12) such as output or production rate.
  • the controlling means also may receive information (9) about the inlet line (7), as well as receiving information (10) about the water quality and settled material thickness at the bottom of the containing means (8).
  • the coordination means (1) allows for the addition of chemicals to the containing means (8) only when they are actually needed, avoiding the need to maintain a permanent concentration in the water by applying an algorithm that depends on water temperature. Thus, there can be a considerable reduction In the amount of chemicals used, of up to 100 times as compared to conventional water treatment protocols, which decreases operating costs.
  • the coordination means (1) receives information (10) regarding the water quality parameters that are controlled, and timely activates the processes necessary to adjust said quality parameters within their respective limits.
  • the information (10) received by coordinating means (1) can be obtained by visual Inspection, empirical methods, algorithms based on experience, by electronic detectors, or combinations thereof.
  • Coordinating means (1) comprises electronic devices, any means capable of receiving information, processing that information, and activating other processes, and this includes combinations thereof.
  • the controller means is a computing device, such as a personal computer.
  • Coordinating means (1) can also include sensors utilized to receive information (10) regarding the water quality parameters.
  • the chemical application means (4) is activated by the coordination means (1) and applies or dispenses chemicals (14) Into the water.
  • Chemical application means (4) include, but are not limited to, injectors, sprinklers, manual application, dispensers by weight, pipes, and combinations thereof.
  • the mobile suction means (5) moves along the bottom of the containing means (8), suctioning water containing settled particles and materials produced by any of the processes disclosed herein.
  • a propelling means (6) is coupled to the mobile suction means (5) allowing the mobile suction means (5) to travel across the bottom of the containing means (8).
  • the propelling means (6) drives the mobile suction means (5) by using a system selected from a rail system, a cable system, a self-propelled system, a manually propelled system, a robotic system, a system guided from a distance, a boat with an engine or a floating device with an engine, or combinations thereof.
  • the propelling means is a boat with an engine.
  • the water suctioned by the mobile suction means (5) is sent to a filtration means (3).
  • the filtration means (3) receives the flow of water suctioned by the mobile suction means (5) and filters the suctioned water containing the settled particles and materials, thus eliminating the need to filter the totality of the water volume (e.g., only filtering a small fraction).
  • the filtration means (3) includes, but Is not limited, cartridge filters, sand filters, micro-filters, nano-filters, ultra-filters, and combinations thereof.
  • the suctioned water can be sent to the filtration means (3) by a collecting line (15) connected to the mobile suction means (5).
  • the collecting line (15) can be selected from flexible hoses, rigid hoses, pipes of any material, and combinations thereof.
  • the system includes a return line (16) from the filtration means (3) back to the containing means (8) to return the filtered water.
  • the system includes a water outlet line (18) that provides treated water from the containing means (8) to the industrial process (2).
  • the industrial process includes reverse osmosis, desalination, algae cultivation, an aquaculture process, a mining process, and combinations thereof.
  • the predetermined parameter limits depend on the requirements of the industrial process (2).
  • the industrial process (2) can in turn modify the limits (12) in order to adjust to its processes.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of a part of an apparatus of the invention.
  • Containing means (8) can include a feeding pipe system (7) that allows for refilling of the containing means (8) due to evaporation, consumption of water in an industrial process, or other loss of water from the containing means (8).
  • the containing means (8) can also include injectors (19) arranged along the perimeter of the containing means (8) for applying or dispensing chemicals into the water.
  • the containing means (8) can also include skimmers (20) for removing surface oils and particles.
  • a method carried out using the apparatus of the invention for treating water can be performed at low costs compared to traditional water treatment systems, as the present invention uses less chemicals and consumes less energy than traditional water treatment systems.
  • the present method uses significantly less chemicals compared to traditional water treatment systems because it applies an algorithm that allows maintaining an ORP of at least 500 mV for a certain period of time depending on the temperature of the water, which maintains water having high microbiological quality according to the needs of the process in which the water will be used.
  • the present method is carried out on a system as described herein that includes a coordination means (1).
  • the coordination means determines when to apply the chemicals to the water in order to adjust the controlled parameters within their limits, based on the information received from the system.
  • the apparatus of the invention filters only a small fraction of the total volume of water within a particular time frame compared to conventional water treat filtration systems that filter a much larger volume of water in the same time frame.
  • the small fraction of the total volume of water is up to 200 times smaller than the flow processed in traditionally configured centralized filtration systems, which filter the totality of the water volume within the same time frame.
  • the filtering means in the apparatus of the invention operates at shorter periods of time due to the orders received from the coordination means, thus the filtering means has a very small capacity, and up to 50 times lower capital costs and energy consumption compared to the centralized filtering unit required in the processing of water with traditional methods.
  • the apparatus of the invention allows for the treatment of water at low costs.
  • the apparatus removes metals, bacteria, algae, and the like from the water and provide treated water having low fouling levels, measured as the Silt Density Index (SDI).
  • SDI Silt Density Index
  • the apparatus provides high microbiological quality and clarity water that is used for industrial purposes.
  • the apparatus of the invention treats water which will be used as raw materials in industrial purposes.
  • a method carried out using the apparatus of the invention may include the following stages:
  • Water treated by such method can be provided by a natural water source, such as oceans, groundwater, lakes, rivers, treated water, or combinations thereof.
  • Disinfectant agents can be applied to the water by a chemical application means (4), in order to maintain an ORP level of at least 500 mV for a minimum period of time according to the temperature of the water, within periods of 7 days at a time.
  • the disinfectant agents include, but are not limited to, ozone, biguanide products, algaecide and antibacterial agents such as copper products; iron salts; alcohols; chlorine and chlorine compounds; peroxides; phenolic compounds; iodophors; quaternary amines (polyquats) in general, such as benzalkonium chloride and S-Triazine; peracetic acid; halogen-based compounds; bromine based compounds, and combinations thereof.
  • an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 1 hour for each degree Celsius of water temperature. For example, if the water temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 25 hours, which can be distributed along the 7 day period.
  • an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained fora minimum period of 1 hour.
  • Oxidant agents are applied or dispersed into the water to maintain and/or prevent the iron and manganese concentrations from exceeding 1 ppm.
  • Suitable oxidant agents include, but are not limited to, permanganate salts; peroxides; ozone; sodium persulfate; potassium persulfate; oxidants produced by electrolytic methods, halogen based compounds, and combinations thereof.
  • the oxidant agents are applied or dispersed in to the water by a chemical application means (4).
  • a flocculant or coagulant agent is applied or dispersed into the water to aggregate, agglomerate, coalesce, and/or coagulate suspected particles In the water, which then settle to the bottom of the containing means (8).
  • flocculant or coagulant agents are applied or dispersed in to the water by a chemical application means (4).
  • Suitable flocculant or coagulant agents include, but are not limited to polymers such as cationic polymers and anionic polymers; aluminum salts, such as aluminum chlorhydrate, alum, and aluminum sulfate; quats and polyquats; calcium oxide; calcium hydroxide; ferrous sulphate; ferric chloride; polyacrylamide; sodium aluminate; sodium silicate; natural products, such as chitosan, gelatin, guar gum, alginates, moringa seeds; starch derivatives; and combinations thereof.
  • the fraction of water In which the floccules collect or settle Is generally the layer of water along the bottom of the container.
  • the floccules form a sediment at the bottom of the containing means (8) that tan then be removed by the mobile suction means (5) without requiring that all of the water in the containing means (8) be filtered, e.g., only a small fraction is filtered.
  • the chemical application means (4) and mobile suction means (5) in the apparatus of the invention are timely activated by a coordination means (1), in order to adjust the controlled parameters within their limits.
  • the chemical application means (4) and mobiles suction means (5) are activated according to the system's needs, which allows for the application of significantly less, chemicals compared to conventional water treatment systems, and for the filtering of a small fraction of the total volume of water, up to 200 times smaller, compared to conventional water treatment filtration systems that filter the totality of the water volume within the same time-frame.
  • the coordination means (1) receives information (10) regarding the water quality parameters within their respective limits.
  • the coordination means (1) is also capable of receiving information, processing that information, and activating the required processes according to that information, including combinations thereof.
  • the coordination means is computing device, such as a personal computer, connected to sensors which allow for measuring of the parameters and activation of the processes according to such information.
  • the coordination means (1) provides information (13) to the chemical application means (4) about the dosage and addition of the suitable chemicals and instructions for activating the chemical application means (4) to maintain the controlled parameters within their limits.
  • the coordination means (1) also provides information (11) to activate the mobile suction means (5).
  • the coordination means simultaneously activates the filtration means (3) In order to filter the flow suctioned by the mobile suction means (5), filtering only a small fraction of the entire volume of water.
  • the mobile suction means (5) is activated (11) by the coordination means (1) to avoid the thickness of the settled material to exceed 100 mm.
  • the mobile suction means (5) is activated by the coordination means (1) to avoid the thickness of the settled material to exceed 10 mm.
  • the filtration means (3) and mobile suction means (5) operate only as need to maintain the parameters of the water with their limits, for instance, only a few hours a day, as opposed to conventional filtration systems which operate substantially continuously.
  • the coordination means can also receive information about the collected water (9).
  • the concentration of TDS is less than or equal to 10,000 ppm
  • the Langelier Saturation Index of the water should be less than 3.
  • the Langelier Saturation Index can be kept under 2 by pH adjustment, the addition of antiscalants, or a water softening process.
  • the Stiff & Davis Saturation Index of the water should be less than 3.
  • the Stiff & Davis Saturation Index can also be kept under 2 by pH adjustment, the addition of antiscalants, or a water softening process.
  • Antiscalants that can be used to maintain the Langelier Saturation Index or the Stiff & Davis Saturation Index include, but are not limited to, phosphonate based compounds, such as phosphonic add, PBTC (phosphobutan-tricarboxylic acid), chromates, zinc polyphosphates, nitrites, silicates, organic substances, caustic soda, malic acid-based polymers, sodium polyacrylate, ethylene diamine tetracetic acid sodium salts, corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole, and combinations thereof.
  • phosphonate based compounds such as phosphonic add, PBTC (phosphobutan-tricarboxylic acid), chromates, zinc polyphosphates, nitrites, silicates, organic substances, caustic soda, malic acid-based polymers, sodium polyacrylate, ethylene diamine tetracetic acid sodium salts, corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole, and combinations thereof.
  • a method carried out on an apparatus of the invention can optionally include a dechlorination step.
  • a dechlorination step is desirable if an amount of residual chlorine which could interfere with the industrial process is detected in the water.
  • the dechlorination can be carried out by adding chemicals including, but not limited to, reducing agents such as sodium bisulfite or sodium meta bisulfite, using an active carbon filter, ora combination thereof.
  • Crystal Clear ® a flocculant, was injected as a flocculant before the turbidity reached a value of 5 NTU, in concentrations of 0.08 ppm every 24 hours.
  • a mobile suction means was activated before the thickness of the settled material layer reached 10 mm.
  • the settled material which was the product of the method's processes, was suctioned by a mobile suction means that moved along the bottom of the container.
  • the suctioned water containing the settled particles was then pumped to a filter through a flexible hose, where it was filtered at a rate of 21 L/sec.
  • the water After treatment, the water had a pH of 7.96, a turbidity of 0.2 NTU, a Silt Density Index of 4, an iron concentration of less than 0.04 ppm and a manganese concentration of less than 0.01 ppm.
  • Pretreatment of water for reverse osmosis seawater desalination processes is important as the reverse osmosis desalination processes require high quality water to avoid clogging and fouling of the membranes.
  • Column 2 in Table 1 below shows the water quality parameters required by membrane manufacturers.
  • Column 3 in Table 1 shows the values for treated water obtained by the method and demonstrates that the value for each parameter is within the range required by membrane manufacturers.
  • Table 1 Parameters Value required by membrane manufacturers Value obtained using the present invention SDI ⁇ 4 3.8 Turbidity (NTU) ⁇ 1 0.2 TDS (mg/L) Variable 35,000 pH ⁇ 8 7.96 Iron (mg/L) ⁇ 0.05 0.04 Manganese (mg/L) ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ 0.01
  • the amount of chemicals applied according to the invention to provide the treated water was significantly less than for conventional pretreatment technologies.
  • the energy requirements were also lower compared to conventional pretreatment technologies as the present invention only filters a small amount of the total volume of water within a given time frame and does not require microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, which have very high energy consumptions.
  • the apparatus of the present invention can be used for treating water for use in the aquaculture industry, including use as conditioning water for the inoculation of microalgae.
  • a tank of 1 hectare of surface and a depth of 1.5 meters is used as the containing means for the water.
  • the water is first treated in the tank and then sent to the raceways ponds where the microalgae is being cultured.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Vorrichtung mit einem System zur Durchführung eines industriellen Prozesses und einem System zur Behandlung von Wasser zu geringen Kosten, das suspendierte Feststoffe im Wasser durch Filtern eines kleinen Teils des Gesamtvolumens an Wasser beseitigt, wobei die Vorrichtung Folgendes umfasst:
    mindestens eine Zuleitung (7) für Wasser zu mindestens einem Behälter (8);
    mindestens einen Behälter (8) mit einem Volumen von mindestens 15.000 m3, der ein Aufnahmemittel für abgesetzte Partikel umfasst, das am Boden (17) des Behälters (8) befestigt ist und aus einem nicht-porösen Material konstruiert ist, das gereinigt werden kann, so dass der Boden des Behälters (8) mit dem nicht-porösen Material bedeckt ist, wodurch das mobile Saugmittel (5) über die gesamte Bodenfläche des Behälters (8) wandern kann und die abgesetzten Partikel ansaugen kann;
    mindestens ein elektronische Geräte umfassendes Koordinationsmittel (1), das dazu ausgelegt ist, Informationen (10) über die Wasserqualität und die Dicke des abgesetzten Materials am Boden des Behälters (8) zu empfangen, um diese Informationen (10) zu verarbeiten und das Chemikalienapplikationsmittel (4) und das mobile Saugmittel (5) rechtzeitig zu aktivieren, um Parameter des Wassers innerhalb der durch das Koordinationsmittel (1) vorgegebenen Grenzen einzustellen;
    mindestens ein Chemikalienapplikationsmittel (4), das durch das mindestens eine Koordinationsmittel (1) aktiviert werden kann;
    mindestens ein mobiles Saugmittel (5), das sich über den Boden (17) des mindestens einen Behälters (8) bewegen kann und dabei den die abgesetzten Partikel enthaltenden Wasserstrom ansaugen kann;
    mindestens ein Antriebsmittel (6), das das mindestens eine mobile Saugmittel (5) in Bewegung setzen kann, damit es sich über den Boden (17) des mindestens einen Behälters (8) bewegen kann;
    mindestens ein Filtrationsmittel (3), das den die abgesetzten Partikel enthaltenden Wasserstrom filtern kann;
    mindestens eine Sammelleitung (15), die zwischen dem mindestens einen mobilen Saugmittel (5) und dem mindestens einen Filtrationsmittel (3) angebracht ist;
    mindestens eine Rückleitung (16) von dem mindestens einen Filtrationsmittel (3) zu dem mindestens einen Behälter (8); und
    mindestens eine Wasserauslassleitung (18) von dem mindestens einen Behälter (8) zu dem mindestens einen System zur Durchführung eines industriellen Prozesses (2), wobei der stromabwärtige industrielle Prozess (2) Umkehrosmose, Entsalzung, Algenzucht, ein Aquakultur-Verfahren, ein Abbauverfahren und Kombinationen davon umfasst,
    wobei das Koordinationsmittel (1) dazu ausgelegt ist, das mobile Saugmittel (5) und gleichzeitig das Filtrationsmittel (3) zu aktivieren, um den durch das mobile Saugmittel angesaugten Strom zu filtern, um nur einen kleinen Teil des Gesamtvolumens an Wasser zu filtern,
    wobei das Koordinationsmittel (1) dazu ausgelegt ist, das Chemikalienapplikationsmittel (4) dazu zu veranlassen, die Chemikalien (14) nur bei Bedarf zu applizieren und das Filtrationsmittel (3) und das mobile Saugmittel (5) nur bei Bedarf in Betrieb zu setzen, um die Parameter des Wassers innerhalb ihrer Grenzen zu halten.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Aufnahmemittel mit einem Material bedeckt ist, das Membranen, Geomembranen, Geotextil-Membranen, Kunststoffauskleidungen, Beton oder beschichteten Beton oder eine Kombination davon umfasst.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Chemikalienapplikationsmittel (4) Injektoren (19), Sprinkler, Gewichtsspender, Rohre oder eine Kombination davon umfasst.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Antriebsmittel ein Schienensystem, ein Seilsystem, ein selbstfahrendes System, ein Robotersystem, ein ferngesteuertes System, ein Boot mit einem Motor, eine schwimmende Vorrichtung mit einem Motor oder eine Kombination davon umfasst.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Filtrationsmittel Patronenfilter, Sandfilter, Mikrofilter, Ultrafilter, Nanofilter oder eine Kombination davon umfasst.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Sammelleitung einen biegsamen Schlauch, einen starren Schlauch, ein Rohr oder eine Kombination davon umfasst.
EP13193275.8A 2011-03-30 2011-09-12 System zur behandlung von wasser für industrielle zwecke Active EP2705885B9 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20170314A RS55824B1 (sr) 2011-03-30 2011-09-12 Sistem za preradu vode koja se koristi u industrijske svrhe
SI201131137A SI2705885T1 (sl) 2011-03-30 2011-09-12 Sistem za obdelavo vode, ki se uporablja v industrijske namene
HRP20170474TT HRP20170474T1 (hr) 2011-03-30 2017-03-22 Sustav za tretiranje vode korištene za industrijske postupke

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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