EP0041516B1 - Konstruktion von flüssigkeitsbecken - Google Patents

Konstruktion von flüssigkeitsbecken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041516B1
EP0041516B1 EP19800902360 EP80902360A EP0041516B1 EP 0041516 B1 EP0041516 B1 EP 0041516B1 EP 19800902360 EP19800902360 EP 19800902360 EP 80902360 A EP80902360 A EP 80902360A EP 0041516 B1 EP0041516 B1 EP 0041516B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
wall panels
edge
coping
panels
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EP19800902360
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0041516A4 (de
EP0041516A1 (de
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Michael James Durack
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
    • E04H4/0075—Swimming or splash baths or pools made of concrete
    • E04H4/0081—Swimming or splash baths or pools made of concrete with walls and floor cast in situ

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquid retaining structures and in particular, but not exclusively, to a prefabricated or semi-prefabricated swimming pool.
  • prefabricated swimming pool there are basically two general forms of prefabricated swimming pool available, the rigid fibreglass pool, which is supported in an excavation, and the liner-type pool which commonly takes the form of an above-ground pool having upstanding peripheral walls lined with a waterproof liner and supported by a frame.
  • Such prefabricated pools are normally manufactured to a particular shape and this shape cannot be easily varied.
  • prefabricated below- ground pools such as fibreglass pools
  • different moulds have to be provided for each variation.
  • As the production of such moulds is expensive it is difficult for a manufacturer to provide a range of different shaped pools. Accordingly if a person requires a non-standard pool, then usually it would be custom made or alternatively the person may select a concrete pool which may be shaped to his requirements, but of course both of these alternatives are more costly in comparison with standard prefabricated pools.
  • United States Patent No. 2,902,157 discloses a thin walled reinforced concrete prefabricated swimming pool shell. Unitary or longitudinally split shell constructions are described in which hollow conduits are cast into the wall structure perimetrally of the pool and laterally of the pool with the conduit passing transversly within the floor and vertically within the side walls.
  • Tensile members are slidingly located within the wall and are post-stressed by a threaded nut on the ends of the tensile members to provide a substantial multidirectional dynamic compressive force within the structure to prevent cracking during transportation and use.
  • the tensile members are tensioned by providing a substantial torque of 90 ft. lb. to the tensioning nuts.
  • the main disadvantages of such a system are that a very large mould is required for each pool shape thus mitigating against freedom of choice for a pool customer and further the high costs of transportation and likely damage during transportation.
  • United States Patent No. 2,864,098 describes a structure comprising a plurality of interconnected wall panels forming a continuous arched construction
  • the wall panels include outwardly facing flanges on their upper lower and side edges, the side flanges permitting adjacent wall panels to be bolted together.
  • a membrane liner is located within the perimeter of the wall with its upper edge clamped between the top flanges of the wall panels and coping members resting thereon.
  • the coping members are located atop the wall structure by a centrally located groove and are brought into compression by a tensile member located on the outside edge of the coping members to form a substantially continuous coping. It is the assembly of wall panels presenting the continuous arched construction which resists external forces and the solid packing of backfill which resists internal forces.
  • the coping member not being rigidly interlocked with the wall of the pool, does not contribute to the strength of the structure to any great extent.
  • the purpose of the cable arranged about the outside edge of the coping members is only to hold the
  • Australian Patent Application No. 84889/ 75 (corresponding to French Patent No. 2,288,201 ) describes a construction similar in principle to that described in United States Patent No. 2,864,098.
  • the constructions both employ interlocking wall panels and the membrane liner is retained in position by placing the upper edge of the liner over the top of the wall panels and clamping it between the coping members and the wall panels. Similarly, a tensile member is arranged about the coping members to lock them together.
  • the construction of Australian Patent Application No. 84889/75 differs slightly in that when the coping members are locked together, this serves to lock the wall panels together.
  • an apparatus for constructing a liquid retaining structure with at least one concave curve in an outer perimeter comprising:-
  • the wall panels comprise fibre reinforced concrete and most preferably comprise FIBRESTEEL (Regd. Trade Mark) reinforced concrete.
  • the lower retaining means comprises a channel sectioned member, most preferably of galvanized iron.
  • the coping members are provided with a channel to engage the upper edges of said wall panels and most preferably, the channel is tapered inwardly to permit firm frictional engagement with the upper edges of said panels.
  • said wall members and said coping members are formed in a plurality of shapes including straight section, concave curves and convex curves to permit construction of liquid retaining structures selected from a wide variety of perimetral shapes.
  • one or more of said coping members includes a hollow aperture extending lengthwise thereof to support the tensile member.
  • the tensile member comprises a steel cable arranged about an outer wall of said coping members adjacent the upper edges of said wall panels and most preferably is retained in a desired position by brackets extending between adjacent edges of said coping members.
  • a liquid retaining structure comprising:-
  • liquid retaining structure is formed within a cavity in the ground and most preferably concrete is cast between the outer surface of the wall member and the cavity wall.
  • the liquid retaining structure includes a concrete floor cast within the wall member.
  • the floor is formed with a concave depression.
  • the liquid retaining structure includes a liquid impervious membrane releasably retained by retaining means adjacent the upper part of the wall member.
  • the structure includes means for evacuating the space between the membrane and the wall and floor members.
  • the structure includes means for removal of liquid accumulated between the membrane and the wall member.
  • said structure is formed within an excavation within a ground surface.
  • Preferably concrete is cast around the external perimeter of said structure.
  • a concrete floor is cast within the perimeter of said structure.
  • said floor is formed with a concave depression.
  • the space between the membrane and the inner wall and floor of the structure is evacuated prior to filling with liquid.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates plan and vertical cross-sectional views of a series of coping members the shading patterns on the plan views being incorporated merely to distinguish the coping sections in FIGS. 12-19 as hereinafter described.
  • coping section la a is formed as a straight section from reinforced concrete. In cross section it is formed in essentially a "T" shape with face 1 formed essentially at a right angle to upper surface 2.
  • the channel 3 is formed with an outwardly sloping face 4 to permit close frictional engagement with a wall panel (not shown).
  • Coping section 1 is essentially identical to 1 a except that the rear or outwardly facing portion is formed as a solid section without the recess shown in 1 a.
  • a hollow aperture 5 extends lengthwise of coping section 1 b to support a tensioning cable (not shown). The position of the hollow aperture 5 corresponds with the boundary of the two faces forming the recess in the rear of section 1 a.
  • Coping section 1 c is shaped to permit access to a conventional skimmer box and includes an access aperture and a cut-away portion defining the upper part of a skimmer box opening through a wall member.
  • Coping sections 1d, 1 e, 1 and 1g illustrate a "fast” curve, a “slow” curve, a “spa” curve and an inverted “step out” curve, the purpose of which will be described later.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates plan and vertical cross-sectional views of various wall members from which it may be seen that the wall members are available as a standard height or as fractional heights.
  • FIG. 2a illustrates an enlarged view of the upper edge of a wall panel showing an inwardly facing rebate 11 for attachment of a membrane liner retaining member (not shown). Adjacent the upper vertical edges of the wall panel are positioned holes 12- which permit the adjacent edges of wall panels to be temporarily held together with a wire tie.
  • FIGS. 2c-2g illustrate respectively a "fast” curve, a “slow” curve, an inverted “fast” curve, a “spa” curve and an inverted “step out” curve.
  • FIG. 2h illustrates a wall section with skimmer box fitting attached.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a lower retaining member 13 for retaining the lower edges of the wall panels together in parallel face to face relationship.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a tensioning cable retaining bracket 14 comprising an upright let 15 and a right angled flange 16 extending therefrom.
  • a tensioning cable aperture 17 is provided in leg 15.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a membrane retaining member comprising extruded sections 18 and 19 of plastics material.
  • Section 18 is adapted to be affixed to a wall panel and a portion of membrane folded over upstanding leg 20 is releasably secured thereto by section 19.
  • an excavation 21 of slightly larger dimensions than the required pool size is made in the ground.
  • the floor of the pool is shaped as a smooth concave depression 22 within the perimeter of the excavation.
  • the wall panels 23 are set vertically in the excavation, side by side, and are temporarily held together by wire twitches 24 through preformed holes 12 in the side edge portions of the panels.
  • the two panels are supported on concrete blocks 25 and located in a galvanized iron base bracket 13 fitting loosely under the joint.
  • One of the wall panels is formed, near to its top, with a rectangular aperture in which is fixed a skimmer extension throat, to enable a skimmer box and return fittings to be installed.
  • the coping sections are arranged to overlap the edge joins of the wall panels and the inwardly tapered groove therein ensures accurate face to face location of the wall panels.
  • the upper and outer portions of the wall panels Prior to positioning the coping sections, the upper and outer portions of the wall panels are coated with adhesive grout.
  • the adhesive mixture is used also in vertical joints between coping pieces, and in each joint there is cemented a cable bracket 14 which may be of galvanized sheet steel with a top flange 16 bearing on one coping piece, the lower part of the bracket having a hole 15 located at the junction of the coping piece top and the outside face of the downward projection.
  • a cable is passed about the coping pieces and through the apertures of the cable brackets and is tensioned by the use of a turnbuckle or the like.
  • Certain coping pieces including any that may be made with a reverse curve, convex when viewed from within the pool, are made with holes 5 through them from end to end to receive the cable, the cable brackets being omitted.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a partially completed pool in which a vacuum pipe is installed which may suitably include an elbow 24 with one end opening into the pool through a hole at or near the bottom of one wall panel, its other end connected to an upright pipe 25 to the outside of the panel, the top of this pipe being connected, through a further elbow 26, to one end of a discharge pipe 27 below the coping and inclining down towards its other end.
  • the purpose of the vacuum pipe is to facilitate the positioning of the pool liner membrane and to allow for discharge of any water which may find its way between the liner and the pool interior. Water seeping inwardly via hydrostatic valve 28 from surrounding ground is forced up to the perimetral join between the pool wall and floor and is discharged by a siphon action via pipe 27.
  • the hydrostatic valve simply comprises a tube 28 extending from a drainage pit 29 beneath the pool floor.
  • a concrete bottom 30 is laid for the pool and is trowelled smooth, and concrete is also poured between the wall panels and the excavation.
  • a liner retaining section 18 as illustrated in FIG. 5 of any suitable material such as plastics is riveted to the upper inside parts of the wall panels, within the rebates thereof, the section consisting of a flat upright section which is riveted adjacent its lower edge flat against the rebated section 11 of wall panels the upper edge being retained in the tapered aperture 3 of the coping section.
  • a membrane liner, preferably vinyl, for the pool has its upper edge portion folded over a liner retaining strip 19 which is of inverted- channel form, the excess liner portion hanging down outside the main part of the liner wall.
  • the retaining strip 19, with part of the liner wrapped about it, is hooked into engagement with the channel of the liner retaining extrusion, the overhang of the excess liner being adjusted to suit the pool and to ensure that the seam where the wall of the liner joins the liner bottom is correctly located.
  • a particular advantage associated with this liner retention means is that not only does it firmly retain the liner edge in position by a self-locking action, but the retention means is readily releasable to allow adjustment of tension on the liner material e.g. to take up stretch or to reduce tension.
  • a vacuum pump connected to the pipe 27 is used to withdraw air from between the liner and the pool bottom and sides before the pool is filled with water.
  • a pool may be made with a step out section as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 by using reduced height wall panels for one section of the lower part of the pool wall, and shallow wall panels including panels reversed for inverted curves, above the level of this lower wall section, the result in a shallow outward extension of the pool structure, this outward extension being provided with a concrete floor and a coping.
  • the vinyl liner has a part cut away at the opening to the step out section, the edge of the opening formed in the liner being secured to the pool wall panels with the auxiliary retaining member 30 illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • the function of the auxiliary retaining member is similar to that of the main liner retaining member of FIG.
  • a spa may also be formed at the perimeter of the pool as shown in FIG. 11.
  • a step out construction is formed as described above but an inner wall 34 is formed to isolate the spa from the pool.
  • the vinyl liner is not cut away at this region but continues around the inner wall of the pool.
  • a false floor 35 is provided with a plurality of apertures to permit air to enter the spa from a source of pressurized air 36.
  • Inlet and outlet orifices 37 are provided for circulation of heated water.
  • FIGS. 12-19 illustrate some of the many pool shapes which may be constructed with the apparatus and according to the method of the invention. As illustrated, the optional features of step out and/or spa may be readily included in the construction.
  • a particularly advantageous feature of the present invention resides in the retaining means for the tensioning cable. Should the cable slip downwards during the tensioning step, the coping sections may become misaligned and thus become difficult if not impossible to realign before the grouting adhesive sets.
  • the cable retaining brackets obviate the possibility of such a misalignment.
  • a further advantageous feature is the provision of the apertured coping sections for use in those regions where inverse curvatures would otherwise preclude a perimetral tensioning cable.
  • the cable, being held captive within the inversely curved coping section exerts an outwardly directed force under tension on the coping section which counteracts an inwardly directed force as the section undergoes compression from neighbouring coping sections.
  • the coping sections of the present invention are adapted to permit a wide variety of surface finishes.
  • FIGS. 20 and 21 illustrate two different types of finishes.
  • the inwardly projecting lip 38 may be tiled and a conventional nosing tile 39 is situated adjacent the front upper edge of the coping section.
  • An aggregate finish 40 may be applied to the remaining upper surface of the coping section and a rebate 41 in the rear edge permits the aggregate finish to be taken over the rear portion of the coping section. Not only does this feature give the illusion of a thicker aggregate finish but it prevents chipping of the finish at the rear edge.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a conventional brick finish comprising bricks 42 set in motor 43.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Claims (21)

1. Vorrichtung zur Konstruktion eines Flüssigkeitsbeckens mit mindestens einer konkaven Krümmung im äußeren Umfang, gekennzeichnet durch
- mehrere mit ihren Kanten in Eingriff bringbare Wandplatten (23);
- untere Stützteile (13) zum Halten der unteren Kanten der Wandplatten in der gewünschten Kanten-zu-Kanten-Ausrichtung;
- eine lösbar an der Innenfläche der Wandplatten, benachbart zu ihren oberen Kanten in dem Becken mittels Auskleidungshalterungen (13, 19, 20) befestigbare Auskleidungshaut; und
- mehrere vorgeformte Abdeckteile (1a bis 1 g) mit Kanälen (3) zur Aufnahme der oberen Kanten der Wandplatten und zum Halten der Wandplatten (23) in der gewünschten Kanten-zu-Kanten-Ausrichtung, wobei
- die Abdeckteile (1a bis 1g) zur Lagerung eines Spannteils benachbart zur oberen Kante der Wandplatten so geeignet sind, daß sie im Gebrauch, wenn das Spannteil aufgrund von auf die Wandplatten nach innen und nach außen gerichteten Kräften unter Spannung steht, die Abdeckteile unter Druck als ein im wesentlichen kontinuierlicher Balken wirken, um einer Durchbiegung der Wandplatten aufgrund der nach innen und nach außen gerichteten Kräfte entgegenzuwirken.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eines oder mehrere der Abdeckteile (1b, 1e, 1g) eine sich längs durch sie erstreckende hohle Öffnung zur Lagerung des Spannteils aufweisen.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Spannteil ein um die Außenwand von einem oder mehreren der Abdeckteile benachbart zu den oberen Kanten der Wandplatten angeordnetes Stahlseil umfaßt, das in einer gewünschten Stellung mittels sich zwischen benachbarten Kanten der Abdeckteile erstreckenden Halterungen gehalten wird.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kanäle (3) der Abdeckteile (1 bis 1 g) die oberen Kanten der Wandplatten (23) in Eingriff nehmen, wobei die Kanäle nach innen geneigt sind, um einen Reibschluß mit den oberen Kanten der Wandplatten zu ermöglichen.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandplatten (23) stahldrahtarmierten Beton umfassen.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das untere Stützteil ein Kanalabschnittsteil umfaßt.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandteile und die Abdeckteile als mehrfache Formen ausgebildet sind, umfassend gerade Abschnitte, konkave und konvexe Krümmungen, Umkonstruktionen von Flüssigkeitsbecken in einer großen Verschiedenheit von Umfangsformen zu ermöglichen.
8. Konstruktion eines Flüssigkeitsbeckens, gekennzeichnet durch
- mehrere mit ihren Kanten in Eingriff bringbare Wandplatten (23) zur Ausbildung einer Wand vörbestimmter Form mit mindestens einer konkaven Krümmung in ihrem Außenumfang auf einem Fundament, wobei
- die Wandplatten an ihren entsprechenden unteren Enden mittels unteren Stützteilen (13) in einer gewünschten Kante-an-Kante liegenden Stellung und an ihren entsprechenden oberen Kanten mittels mehreren vorgeformten Abdeckteilen (1 a bis 1 g) mit Kanälen (3) zur Aufnahme der oberen Kanten der Wandplatten gehalten werden;
- eine lösbar innerhalb des Beckens mittels Halterungen an der Innenfläche der Wandplatten benachbart zu ihrer oberen Endkante angebrachte Auskleidungshaut; und
- ein mit den Abdeckteilen benachbart zu den oberen Kanten der Wandplatten verbundenes Spannteil, das aufgrund von auf die Wand nach innen und nach außen wirkenden Kräften unter Spannung steht, wobei die Abdeckteile unter Druck als ein im wesentlichen kontinuierlicher Balken wirken, um einer Durchbiegung der Wandplatten aufgrund der nach innen und nach außen gerichteten Kräfte entgegenzuwirken.
9. Konstruktion eines Flüssigkeitsbehälters nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flüssigkeitsbehälter in einem Bodenaushub ausgebildet wird und Beton zwischen die Außenfläche der Wandplatten und die Aushubwand gegossen wird.
10. Konstruktion eines Flüssigkeitsbehälters nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flüssigkeitsbehälter einen innerhalb der Wandplatten (23) gegossenen Betonboden (30) umfaßt.
11. Konstruktion eines Flüssigkeitsbehälters nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Boden (30) mit einer konkaven Vertiefung ausgebildet ist.
12. Konstruktion eines Flüssigkeitsbehälters nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konstruktion einen nach außen vorstehenden Abschnitt (Fig. 9) verminderter Tiefe im Umfang der Konstruktion aufweist.
13. Konstruktion eines Flüssigkeitsbehälters nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nach außen vorstehende Abschnitt verminderter Tiefe eine Öffnung zu ihm aufweist, wobei die Öffnung ein oder mehrere kurze, an benachbarte längere Wandplatten angrenzende kurze Wandplatten umfaßt, um eine sich nach unten erstreckende Öffnung in der Wandplatte auszubilden, wobei die Auskleidungshaut lösbar an der Innenfläche der Wandplatte benachbart zu der sich nach unten erstreckenden Öffnung befestigt ist.
14. Konstruktion eines Flüssigkeitsbehälters nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konstruktion Mittel (24 bis 27) zum Entfernen der zwischen der Haut und der Wandplatten angesammelten Flüssigkeit aufweist.
15. Verfahren zur Konstruktion eines Flüssigkeitsbehälters, gekennzeichnet durch
- Anordnen mehrerer vorgeformter Wandplatten (23) zur Ausbildung eines im wesentlichen kontinuierlichen Wandteils von vorbestimmter Umfangsform mit mindestens einer darin vorgesehenen konkaven Krümmung;
- Abstützen der unteren Kanten der Wandplatten in der gewünschten Kanten-zu-Kanten-Beziehung mit unteren Stützteilen (13);
- Halten der oberen Kanten der Wandplatten in der gewünschten Kanten-zu-Kanten-Beziehung mit vorgeformten Abdeckteilen (1a bis 1 g), die Kanäle (3) zur Aufnahme der oberen Kanten der Wandplatten aufweisen;
- lösbares Befestigen einer Auskleidungshaut innerhalb der Konstruktion mittels an der Innenfläche der Wandplatten benachbart zu ihren oberen Kanten angebrachte Auskleidungshauthalterungen (18, 19, 20);
- haltendes Anordnen eines Spannteils in Verbindung mit den Abdeckteilen benachbart zur oberen Kante der Wandplatten, wobei das Spannteil aufgrund nach innen und nach außen auf die Wandplatten gerichteter Kräfte unter Spannung steht und die Abdeckteile als ein im wesentlichen kontinuierlicher Balken wirken, um einem Durchbiegen des Wandteils aufgrund der nach- innen und außen auf dieses gerichteten Kräfte entgegenzuwirken.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konstruktion innerhalb eines Aushubs in einer Bodenfläche ausgebildet ist.
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Beton rings um den äußeren Umfang der Konstruktion gießt.
18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Betonboden innerhalb des Umfangs der Konstruktion gegossen wird.
19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Boden mit einer konkaven Vertiefung ausgebildet wird.
20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein nach außen vorstehender Teil verminderter Tiefe am Umfang der Konstruktion ausgebildet wird, wobei der nach außen vorstehende Teil eine Öffnung aufweist, und die Öffnung ein oder mehrere an benachbarte längere Wandplatten angrenzende kurze Wandplatten zur Ausbildung einer sich nach unten erstreckenden Öffnung in dem Wandteil umfaßt, und die Auskleidungshaut lösbar an der Innenfläche des Wandteils benachbart zu der sich nach unten erstreckenden Öffnung befestigt ist.
21. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Raum zwischen der Auskleidungshaut und der Innenwand und des Bodens der Konstruktion vor dem Füllen mit Flüssigkeit evakuiert wird.
EP19800902360 1979-12-03 1980-12-03 Konstruktion von flüssigkeitsbecken Expired EP0041516B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15/78 1979-12-03
AUPE157879 1979-12-03

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EP0041516A1 EP0041516A1 (de) 1981-12-16
EP0041516A4 EP0041516A4 (de) 1982-04-22
EP0041516B1 true EP0041516B1 (de) 1984-09-19

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DE (1) DE3069242D1 (de)
WO (1) WO1981001585A1 (de)

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US2864098A (en) * 1955-04-14 1958-12-16 Malcolm A Vendig Swimming pools and method of constructing the same
US2902157A (en) * 1956-02-13 1959-09-01 Ezra L Culver Precast concrete swimming pool
DE2544458A1 (de) * 1974-10-14 1976-04-22 Durack M J Wasserbehaelter
DK149082C (da) * 1977-09-14 1986-06-23 Dansk Spaend As Beholder med en rundtgaaende, ringforspaendt vaeg sammensat af pladeformede betonelementer

Also Published As

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EP0041516A4 (de) 1982-04-22
WO1981001585A1 (en) 1981-06-11
DE3069242D1 (en) 1984-10-25
EP0041516A1 (de) 1981-12-16

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