EP0041516B1 - Structures de retenue pour liquides - Google Patents

Structures de retenue pour liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041516B1
EP0041516B1 EP19800902360 EP80902360A EP0041516B1 EP 0041516 B1 EP0041516 B1 EP 0041516B1 EP 19800902360 EP19800902360 EP 19800902360 EP 80902360 A EP80902360 A EP 80902360A EP 0041516 B1 EP0041516 B1 EP 0041516B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
wall panels
edge
coping
panels
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EP19800902360
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0041516A1 (fr
EP0041516A4 (fr
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Michael James Durack
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
    • E04H4/0075—Swimming or splash baths or pools made of concrete
    • E04H4/0081—Swimming or splash baths or pools made of concrete with walls and floor cast in situ

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquid retaining structures and in particular, but not exclusively, to a prefabricated or semi-prefabricated swimming pool.
  • prefabricated swimming pool there are basically two general forms of prefabricated swimming pool available, the rigid fibreglass pool, which is supported in an excavation, and the liner-type pool which commonly takes the form of an above-ground pool having upstanding peripheral walls lined with a waterproof liner and supported by a frame.
  • Such prefabricated pools are normally manufactured to a particular shape and this shape cannot be easily varied.
  • prefabricated below- ground pools such as fibreglass pools
  • different moulds have to be provided for each variation.
  • As the production of such moulds is expensive it is difficult for a manufacturer to provide a range of different shaped pools. Accordingly if a person requires a non-standard pool, then usually it would be custom made or alternatively the person may select a concrete pool which may be shaped to his requirements, but of course both of these alternatives are more costly in comparison with standard prefabricated pools.
  • United States Patent No. 2,902,157 discloses a thin walled reinforced concrete prefabricated swimming pool shell. Unitary or longitudinally split shell constructions are described in which hollow conduits are cast into the wall structure perimetrally of the pool and laterally of the pool with the conduit passing transversly within the floor and vertically within the side walls.
  • Tensile members are slidingly located within the wall and are post-stressed by a threaded nut on the ends of the tensile members to provide a substantial multidirectional dynamic compressive force within the structure to prevent cracking during transportation and use.
  • the tensile members are tensioned by providing a substantial torque of 90 ft. lb. to the tensioning nuts.
  • the main disadvantages of such a system are that a very large mould is required for each pool shape thus mitigating against freedom of choice for a pool customer and further the high costs of transportation and likely damage during transportation.
  • United States Patent No. 2,864,098 describes a structure comprising a plurality of interconnected wall panels forming a continuous arched construction
  • the wall panels include outwardly facing flanges on their upper lower and side edges, the side flanges permitting adjacent wall panels to be bolted together.
  • a membrane liner is located within the perimeter of the wall with its upper edge clamped between the top flanges of the wall panels and coping members resting thereon.
  • the coping members are located atop the wall structure by a centrally located groove and are brought into compression by a tensile member located on the outside edge of the coping members to form a substantially continuous coping. It is the assembly of wall panels presenting the continuous arched construction which resists external forces and the solid packing of backfill which resists internal forces.
  • the coping member not being rigidly interlocked with the wall of the pool, does not contribute to the strength of the structure to any great extent.
  • the purpose of the cable arranged about the outside edge of the coping members is only to hold the
  • Australian Patent Application No. 84889/ 75 (corresponding to French Patent No. 2,288,201 ) describes a construction similar in principle to that described in United States Patent No. 2,864,098.
  • the constructions both employ interlocking wall panels and the membrane liner is retained in position by placing the upper edge of the liner over the top of the wall panels and clamping it between the coping members and the wall panels. Similarly, a tensile member is arranged about the coping members to lock them together.
  • the construction of Australian Patent Application No. 84889/75 differs slightly in that when the coping members are locked together, this serves to lock the wall panels together.
  • an apparatus for constructing a liquid retaining structure with at least one concave curve in an outer perimeter comprising:-
  • the wall panels comprise fibre reinforced concrete and most preferably comprise FIBRESTEEL (Regd. Trade Mark) reinforced concrete.
  • the lower retaining means comprises a channel sectioned member, most preferably of galvanized iron.
  • the coping members are provided with a channel to engage the upper edges of said wall panels and most preferably, the channel is tapered inwardly to permit firm frictional engagement with the upper edges of said panels.
  • said wall members and said coping members are formed in a plurality of shapes including straight section, concave curves and convex curves to permit construction of liquid retaining structures selected from a wide variety of perimetral shapes.
  • one or more of said coping members includes a hollow aperture extending lengthwise thereof to support the tensile member.
  • the tensile member comprises a steel cable arranged about an outer wall of said coping members adjacent the upper edges of said wall panels and most preferably is retained in a desired position by brackets extending between adjacent edges of said coping members.
  • a liquid retaining structure comprising:-
  • liquid retaining structure is formed within a cavity in the ground and most preferably concrete is cast between the outer surface of the wall member and the cavity wall.
  • the liquid retaining structure includes a concrete floor cast within the wall member.
  • the floor is formed with a concave depression.
  • the liquid retaining structure includes a liquid impervious membrane releasably retained by retaining means adjacent the upper part of the wall member.
  • the structure includes means for evacuating the space between the membrane and the wall and floor members.
  • the structure includes means for removal of liquid accumulated between the membrane and the wall member.
  • said structure is formed within an excavation within a ground surface.
  • Preferably concrete is cast around the external perimeter of said structure.
  • a concrete floor is cast within the perimeter of said structure.
  • said floor is formed with a concave depression.
  • the space between the membrane and the inner wall and floor of the structure is evacuated prior to filling with liquid.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates plan and vertical cross-sectional views of a series of coping members the shading patterns on the plan views being incorporated merely to distinguish the coping sections in FIGS. 12-19 as hereinafter described.
  • coping section la a is formed as a straight section from reinforced concrete. In cross section it is formed in essentially a "T" shape with face 1 formed essentially at a right angle to upper surface 2.
  • the channel 3 is formed with an outwardly sloping face 4 to permit close frictional engagement with a wall panel (not shown).
  • Coping section 1 is essentially identical to 1 a except that the rear or outwardly facing portion is formed as a solid section without the recess shown in 1 a.
  • a hollow aperture 5 extends lengthwise of coping section 1 b to support a tensioning cable (not shown). The position of the hollow aperture 5 corresponds with the boundary of the two faces forming the recess in the rear of section 1 a.
  • Coping section 1 c is shaped to permit access to a conventional skimmer box and includes an access aperture and a cut-away portion defining the upper part of a skimmer box opening through a wall member.
  • Coping sections 1d, 1 e, 1 and 1g illustrate a "fast” curve, a “slow” curve, a “spa” curve and an inverted “step out” curve, the purpose of which will be described later.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates plan and vertical cross-sectional views of various wall members from which it may be seen that the wall members are available as a standard height or as fractional heights.
  • FIG. 2a illustrates an enlarged view of the upper edge of a wall panel showing an inwardly facing rebate 11 for attachment of a membrane liner retaining member (not shown). Adjacent the upper vertical edges of the wall panel are positioned holes 12- which permit the adjacent edges of wall panels to be temporarily held together with a wire tie.
  • FIGS. 2c-2g illustrate respectively a "fast” curve, a “slow” curve, an inverted “fast” curve, a “spa” curve and an inverted “step out” curve.
  • FIG. 2h illustrates a wall section with skimmer box fitting attached.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a lower retaining member 13 for retaining the lower edges of the wall panels together in parallel face to face relationship.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a tensioning cable retaining bracket 14 comprising an upright let 15 and a right angled flange 16 extending therefrom.
  • a tensioning cable aperture 17 is provided in leg 15.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a membrane retaining member comprising extruded sections 18 and 19 of plastics material.
  • Section 18 is adapted to be affixed to a wall panel and a portion of membrane folded over upstanding leg 20 is releasably secured thereto by section 19.
  • an excavation 21 of slightly larger dimensions than the required pool size is made in the ground.
  • the floor of the pool is shaped as a smooth concave depression 22 within the perimeter of the excavation.
  • the wall panels 23 are set vertically in the excavation, side by side, and are temporarily held together by wire twitches 24 through preformed holes 12 in the side edge portions of the panels.
  • the two panels are supported on concrete blocks 25 and located in a galvanized iron base bracket 13 fitting loosely under the joint.
  • One of the wall panels is formed, near to its top, with a rectangular aperture in which is fixed a skimmer extension throat, to enable a skimmer box and return fittings to be installed.
  • the coping sections are arranged to overlap the edge joins of the wall panels and the inwardly tapered groove therein ensures accurate face to face location of the wall panels.
  • the upper and outer portions of the wall panels Prior to positioning the coping sections, the upper and outer portions of the wall panels are coated with adhesive grout.
  • the adhesive mixture is used also in vertical joints between coping pieces, and in each joint there is cemented a cable bracket 14 which may be of galvanized sheet steel with a top flange 16 bearing on one coping piece, the lower part of the bracket having a hole 15 located at the junction of the coping piece top and the outside face of the downward projection.
  • a cable is passed about the coping pieces and through the apertures of the cable brackets and is tensioned by the use of a turnbuckle or the like.
  • Certain coping pieces including any that may be made with a reverse curve, convex when viewed from within the pool, are made with holes 5 through them from end to end to receive the cable, the cable brackets being omitted.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a partially completed pool in which a vacuum pipe is installed which may suitably include an elbow 24 with one end opening into the pool through a hole at or near the bottom of one wall panel, its other end connected to an upright pipe 25 to the outside of the panel, the top of this pipe being connected, through a further elbow 26, to one end of a discharge pipe 27 below the coping and inclining down towards its other end.
  • the purpose of the vacuum pipe is to facilitate the positioning of the pool liner membrane and to allow for discharge of any water which may find its way between the liner and the pool interior. Water seeping inwardly via hydrostatic valve 28 from surrounding ground is forced up to the perimetral join between the pool wall and floor and is discharged by a siphon action via pipe 27.
  • the hydrostatic valve simply comprises a tube 28 extending from a drainage pit 29 beneath the pool floor.
  • a concrete bottom 30 is laid for the pool and is trowelled smooth, and concrete is also poured between the wall panels and the excavation.
  • a liner retaining section 18 as illustrated in FIG. 5 of any suitable material such as plastics is riveted to the upper inside parts of the wall panels, within the rebates thereof, the section consisting of a flat upright section which is riveted adjacent its lower edge flat against the rebated section 11 of wall panels the upper edge being retained in the tapered aperture 3 of the coping section.
  • a membrane liner, preferably vinyl, for the pool has its upper edge portion folded over a liner retaining strip 19 which is of inverted- channel form, the excess liner portion hanging down outside the main part of the liner wall.
  • the retaining strip 19, with part of the liner wrapped about it, is hooked into engagement with the channel of the liner retaining extrusion, the overhang of the excess liner being adjusted to suit the pool and to ensure that the seam where the wall of the liner joins the liner bottom is correctly located.
  • a particular advantage associated with this liner retention means is that not only does it firmly retain the liner edge in position by a self-locking action, but the retention means is readily releasable to allow adjustment of tension on the liner material e.g. to take up stretch or to reduce tension.
  • a vacuum pump connected to the pipe 27 is used to withdraw air from between the liner and the pool bottom and sides before the pool is filled with water.
  • a pool may be made with a step out section as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 by using reduced height wall panels for one section of the lower part of the pool wall, and shallow wall panels including panels reversed for inverted curves, above the level of this lower wall section, the result in a shallow outward extension of the pool structure, this outward extension being provided with a concrete floor and a coping.
  • the vinyl liner has a part cut away at the opening to the step out section, the edge of the opening formed in the liner being secured to the pool wall panels with the auxiliary retaining member 30 illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • the function of the auxiliary retaining member is similar to that of the main liner retaining member of FIG.
  • a spa may also be formed at the perimeter of the pool as shown in FIG. 11.
  • a step out construction is formed as described above but an inner wall 34 is formed to isolate the spa from the pool.
  • the vinyl liner is not cut away at this region but continues around the inner wall of the pool.
  • a false floor 35 is provided with a plurality of apertures to permit air to enter the spa from a source of pressurized air 36.
  • Inlet and outlet orifices 37 are provided for circulation of heated water.
  • FIGS. 12-19 illustrate some of the many pool shapes which may be constructed with the apparatus and according to the method of the invention. As illustrated, the optional features of step out and/or spa may be readily included in the construction.
  • a particularly advantageous feature of the present invention resides in the retaining means for the tensioning cable. Should the cable slip downwards during the tensioning step, the coping sections may become misaligned and thus become difficult if not impossible to realign before the grouting adhesive sets.
  • the cable retaining brackets obviate the possibility of such a misalignment.
  • a further advantageous feature is the provision of the apertured coping sections for use in those regions where inverse curvatures would otherwise preclude a perimetral tensioning cable.
  • the cable, being held captive within the inversely curved coping section exerts an outwardly directed force under tension on the coping section which counteracts an inwardly directed force as the section undergoes compression from neighbouring coping sections.
  • the coping sections of the present invention are adapted to permit a wide variety of surface finishes.
  • FIGS. 20 and 21 illustrate two different types of finishes.
  • the inwardly projecting lip 38 may be tiled and a conventional nosing tile 39 is situated adjacent the front upper edge of the coping section.
  • An aggregate finish 40 may be applied to the remaining upper surface of the coping section and a rebate 41 in the rear edge permits the aggregate finish to be taken over the rear portion of the coping section. Not only does this feature give the illusion of a thicker aggregate finish but it prevents chipping of the finish at the rear edge.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a conventional brick finish comprising bricks 42 set in motor 43.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)

Abstract

Procede et appareil de construction de piscines comprenant une pluralite de panneaux de parois (23) alignes suivant leurs bords inferieurs par des consoles (13) et suivant leurs bords superieurs par des elements preformes de couronnement. Les elements de couronnement possedent des ouvertures pour positionner et retenir un cable de tension utilise pour supporter des forces dirigees vers l'exterieur s'exercant sur les panneaux de la paroi. La piscine possede une base en beton (30) et un revetement sous forme d'une membrane de vinyle.

Claims (21)

1. Dispositif pour construire une structure de retenue pour liquides comprenant au moins une courbe concave dans un périmètre extérieur, ladite structure comprenant: une pluralité de panneaux de paroi (23) destinés à être positionnés en contact bord à bord; des moyens de retenue inférieurs (13) destinés à retinir les bords inférieurs desdits panneaux dans un alignement bord à bord désiré; une poche en membrane pouvant être fixée de façon démontable dans ladite structure par des moyens (18, 19, 20) de retenue de la poche à une face interne desdits panneaux de paroi, dans la région adjacente aux bords supérieurs de ces panneaux; et une pluralité d'éléments de margelle, préformés (1a à 1g), possédant des rainures (3) pour recevoir les bords supérieurs desdits panneaux de paroi et pour retenir lesdits panneaux de paroi (23) dans un alignement bord à bord désiré; lesdits éléments de margelle (1a à 1 g) étant adaptés pour supporter un élément de traction dans la région du bord supérieur desdits panneaux de paroi de telle manière qu'en utilisation, lorsque ledit élément de traction subit une tension sous l'effet de forces dirigées vers l'intérieur au vers l'extérieur qui s'exercent sur lesdits panneaux de paroi, lesdits éléments de margelle se comportent en compression à la façon d'une poutre pratiquement continue pour résister à la flexion sous l'effet desdites forces dirigées vers l'intérieur ou vers l'extérieur qui s'exercent sur lesdits panneaux de paroi.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel 1 ou plusieurs desdits éléments de margelle (16, 1c, 1 g) comprend ou comprennent une ouverture creuse qui s'étend selon sa longueur pour supporter l'élément de traction.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel l'élément de traction comprend un câble d'acier agencé autour d'une paroi extérieure d'un ou de plusieurs desdits éléments de margelle, dans la région des bords supérieurs desdits panneaux de paroi, et est retenu dans une position désirée par des ferrures (14) qui s'étendent entre les bords adjacents desdits éléments de margelle.
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel les rainures (3) des éléments de margelle (1a à 1g) coopérant avec les bords supérieurs desdits panneaux de paroi (23), ladite rainure se rétrécissant (4) vers l'intérieur pour permettre une prise par friction avec les bords supérieurs desdits panneaux.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel les panneaux de paroi (23) comprennent du béton armé de fibres d'acier.
6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel les moyens de retenue inférieurs comprennent un élément (13) à section de rainure.
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédente, dans lequel lesdits éléments de paroi et lesdits éléments de margelle sont réalisés en une pluralité de formes, y compris une section rectiligne des courbes concaves et des courbes convexes, pour permettre de construire des structures de retenue pour liquides choisies dans une large diversité de formes de périmètres.
8. Structure de retenue pour liquides comprenant: une pluralité de panneaux de paroi préformés (23) agencés dans des positions relatives bord à bord pour former sur une base un élément de paroi d'une forme prédéterminée, comprenant au moins une courbe concave à l'intérieur d'un périmètre extérieur; lesdits panneaux de paroi étant maintenus dans des positions relatives bord à bord bout à bout, désirées au niveau de leurs bords inférieurs respectifs par des moyens de retenue inférieure (13) et à leurs bords supérieurs respectifs par une pluralité d'éléments de margelle préformés (la à à 1 g) présentant des rainures (3) pour recevoir les bords supérieurs desdits panneaux de paroi; une poche en membrane fixée de façon démontable dans ladite structure par des moyens (18, 19, 20) de retenue de la poche, attachés à une face interne dudit élément de paroi dans la région du bord supérieur de cet élément; et un élément de traction associé aux- dits éléments de margelle dans la région des bords supérieurs dudit élément de paroi de telle manière que, en utilisation, ledit élément de traction subisse une tension sous l'effet de forces dirigées vers l'intérieur ou vers l'extérieur qui s'exercent sur ledit élément de paroi, lesdits éléments de margelle travaillant à la compression à la façon d'une poutre pratiquement continue pour résister à la flexion sous l'effet desdits forces dirigées vers l'intérieur et vers l'extérieur qui s'exercent sur ledit élément de paroi.
9. Structure de retenue pour liquides selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle ladite structure de retenue pour liquides est formée dans une cavité ménagée dans le sol et du béton est coulé entre la surface externe de l'élément de paroi et la paroi de la cavité.
10. Structure de retenue pour liquides selon les revendications 8 ou 9, dans laquelle la structure de retenue pour liquides comprend un radier en béton (30) coulé dans les limites des éléments de paroi (23).
11. Structure de retenue pour liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, dans laquelle le radier (30) est formé avec une dépression concave.
12. Structure de retenue pour liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11 dans laquelle ladite structure comprend une portion débordant vers l'extérieur (Fig. 9), de profondeur réduite, à l'intérieur du périmètre de la structure.
13. Structure de retenue pour liquides selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle la portion débordant vers l'extérieur de profondeur réduite présente une ouverture donnant sur cette portion, l'ouverture comprenant un ou plusieurs panneaux de paroi courts contigüs à des panneaux de parois adjacents plus grands pour former une ouverture s'étendant vers la bas dans ledit élément de paroi, ladite poche en membrane étant fixée de façon démontable à la face interne dudit élément paroi dans la région de ladite ouverture descendante.
14 Structure de retenue pour liquides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 14 dans laquelle la structure comprend des moyens (24 à 27) pour éliminer le liquide accumulé entre la membrane et l'élément paroi.
15. Procédé pour la construction d'une structure de retenue pour liquides, consistant à: disposer une pluralité de panneaux de paroi préformés (23) pour former un élément paroi pratiquement continue possédant une forme de périmètre prédéterminé, qui présente au moins une courbe concave; retenir les bords inférieurs desdits panneaux de paroi dans des positions relatives bord à bord désirée à l'aide de moyens de retenue inférieurs (13); retenir les bords supérieurs desdits panneaux de paroi dans des positions relatives bord à bord désirées à l'aide d'éléments de margelle (1a à 1g) ayant des rainures (3) pour recevoir les bords supérieurs desdits panneaux de paroi; fixer une poche en membrane dans ladite structure par une liaison démontable à l'aide de moyens de retenue de la poche (18, 19, 20) attachés à une face interne dudit élément paroi dans la région de son bord supérieur; positionner un élément de traction dans une position retenue en association avec lesdits éléments de margelle dans la région du bord supérieur desdits panneaux de paroi de manière qu'en utilisation, ledit élément de traction subisse une tension sous l'effet de forces dirigées vers l'intérieur ou vers l'extérieur qui s'exercent sur ledit élément paroi, lesdits éléments de margelle travaillant à la compression à la façon d'une poutre pratiquement continue pour résister à la flexion sous l'effet desdites forces dirigées vers l'intérieur et vers l'extérieur qui s'exercent sur ledit élément paroi.
16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, dans lequel ladite structure est formée dans une excavation creusée dans une surface du sol.
17. Procédé selon la revendication 15 ou 16, dans laquelle du béton est coulé le long du périmètre extérieur de ladite structure.
18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 5 17, dans lequel un radier en béton est coulé dans les limites du périmètre de ladite structure.
19. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 15 à 18, dans lequel ledit radier est formé avec une dépression concave.
20. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 18, dans lequel une portion débordant à l'extérieur, de profondeur réduite, est formée dans le périmètre de la structure, ladite portion débordant à l'extérieur présentant une ouverture qui y débouche, l'ouverture comprenant un ou plusieurs panneau(x) de paroi court(s) contigu(s) à des panneaux de paroi adjacents plus grands pour former une ouverture s'étendant vers le bas dans ledit élément paroi, ladite poche en membrane étant fixée de façon démontable à la face interne de l'élément paroi dans la région de ladite ouverture s'étendant vers le bas.
21. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 20, dans lequel l'espace compris entre la membrane et la paroi intérieure et le radier de la structure est vidé d'air avant le remplissage de liquide.
EP19800902360 1979-12-03 1980-12-03 Structures de retenue pour liquides Expired EP0041516B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15/78 1979-12-03
AUPE157879 1979-12-03

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EP0041516A1 EP0041516A1 (fr) 1981-12-16
EP0041516A4 EP0041516A4 (fr) 1982-04-22
EP0041516B1 true EP0041516B1 (fr) 1984-09-19

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DE (1) DE3069242D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1981001585A1 (fr)

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FR2717205B1 (fr) * 1994-03-11 1996-08-30 Bouchez Jacques Marie Piscine comportant un panneau souple servant de coffrage et de revêtement interne périphérique.
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JO3415B1 (ar) 2011-03-30 2019-10-20 Crystal Lagoons Tech Inc نظام لمعالجة الماء المستخدم لأغراض صناعية
US9920498B2 (en) 2013-11-05 2018-03-20 Crystal Lagoons (Curacao) B.V. Floating lake system and methods of treating water within a floating lake
US9470008B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2016-10-18 Crystal Lagoons (Curacao) B.V. System and method for maintaining water quality in large water bodies
EA032232B1 (ru) 2014-11-12 2019-04-30 Кристал Лагунс (Кюрасао) Б.В. Устройство для всасывания объема воды со дна крупных искусственных водных объектов
ES2615160B1 (es) * 2015-12-03 2018-03-13 Alfonso BLAYA ALMAGRO Procedimiento de construcción de piscinas prefabricadas en polipropileno UV copolímero
US11453603B2 (en) 2019-06-28 2022-09-27 Crystal Lagoons Technologies, Inc. Low cost and sanitary efficient method that creates two different treatment zones in large water bodies to facilitate direct contact recreational activities

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US2902157A (en) * 1956-02-13 1959-09-01 Ezra L Culver Precast concrete swimming pool
DE2544458A1 (de) * 1974-10-14 1976-04-22 Durack M J Wasserbehaelter
DK149082C (da) * 1977-09-14 1986-06-23 Dansk Spaend As Beholder med en rundtgaaende, ringforspaendt vaeg sammensat af pladeformede betonelementer

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Publication number Publication date
EP0041516A1 (fr) 1981-12-16
EP0041516A4 (fr) 1982-04-22
WO1981001585A1 (fr) 1981-06-11
DE3069242D1 (en) 1984-10-25

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