EP2656187B1 - Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2656187B1
EP2656187B1 EP11811026.1A EP11811026A EP2656187B1 EP 2656187 B1 EP2656187 B1 EP 2656187B1 EP 11811026 A EP11811026 A EP 11811026A EP 2656187 B1 EP2656187 B1 EP 2656187B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zinc
coating
layer
steel
ferrite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11811026.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2656187A2 (fr
Inventor
Harald Schwinghammer
Thomas Kurz
Siegfried Kolnberger
Martin Rosner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102010056264.5A external-priority patent/DE102010056264C5/de
Priority claimed from DE102010056265.3A external-priority patent/DE102010056265C5/de
Priority claimed from DE102011053941.7A external-priority patent/DE102011053941B4/de
Priority claimed from DE102011053939.5A external-priority patent/DE102011053939B4/de
Application filed by Voestalpine Stahl GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Publication of EP2656187A2 publication Critical patent/EP2656187A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2656187B1 publication Critical patent/EP2656187B1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing hardened, corrosion-protected components with the features of claim 1.
  • press-hardened components made of sheet steel are used, particularly in automobiles.
  • These press-hardened components made of sheet steel are high-strength components that are used in particular as safety components in the bodywork area.
  • a sheet steel blank is heated above the so-called austenitizing temperature and, if necessary, kept at this temperature until a desired degree of austenitizing is reached.
  • This heated blank is then transferred to a molding tool and in this molding tool it is formed into the finished component in a single-stage forming step and, in this case, by the cooled molding tool at a speed that exceeds the critical hardening speed is cooled.
  • the hardened component is thus produced.
  • the component is first formed almost completely, if necessary in a multi-stage forming process. This formed component is then likewise heated to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature and, if necessary, kept at this temperature for a required time.
  • This heated component is then transferred and inserted into a molding tool which already has the dimensions of the component or the final dimensions of the component, possibly taking into account the thermal expansion of the preformed component. After the particularly cooled tool has been closed, the preformed component is therefore only cooled in this tool at a speed above the critical hardening speed and thereby hardened.
  • the direct method is somewhat easier to implement here, but only allows shapes that can actually be produced with a single forming step, i.e. relatively simple profile shapes.
  • Zinc has the advantage that zinc not only provides a barrier protection layer like aluminum, but also a cathodic protection against corrosion.
  • zinc-coated press-hardened components fit better into the overall corrosion protection concept of the vehicle body, since these are fully galvanized in today's common construction. In this respect, contact corrosion can be reduced or excluded.
  • the zinc-iron phase diagram shows that above 782 ° C there is a large area that contains liquid zinc as long as the iron content is less than 60%. However, this is also the temperature range in which the austenitized steel is hot worked. However, it is also pointed out that if the deformation takes place above 782 ° C, there is a great risk of stress corrosion due to liquid zinc, which penetrates the grain boundaries of the base steel, which leads to macro cracks in the base steel. In addition, if the iron content is less than 30% in the coating, the maximum temperature for forming a safe product without macro cracks is lower than 782 ° C. This is the reason why this is not a direct forming process, but an indirect forming process. This is to circumvent the problem described.
  • a method for hot forming a coated steel product is known, the steel material having a zinc or zinc alloy coating which is formed on the surface of the steel material and the steel base material with the coating is heated to a temperature of 700 ° C to 1000 ° C and hot formed, wherein the coating has an oxide layer consisting mainly of zinc oxide before the steel base material with the zinc or zinc alloy layer is heated in order to then prevent the zinc from evaporating when heated.
  • a special procedure is provided for this.
  • From the EP 2 159 292 a method for hot forming a coated steel product is also known.
  • a method for hot forming a steel in which a component made of a given boron-manganese steel is heated to a temperature at the Ac 3 point or higher, is kept at this temperature and then the heated steel sheet is formed into the finished component, wherein the molded component is quenched by cooling from the molding temperature during molding or after molding in such a way that the cooling rate to the MS point corresponds to at least the critical cooling rate and that the average cooling rate of the molded component from the MS point to 200 ° C is in the range of 25 ° C / s to 150 ° C / s.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method for the production of sheet steel components provided with a corrosion protection layer, in which the formation of cracks is reduced or eliminated and nevertheless sufficient protection against corrosion is achieved.
  • the object is achieved in that it was recognized that the combination of the base material in the austenitized form, i.e. At high temperatures, the presence in this state of liquid zinc phases and the introduction of stress through deformation must be avoided in order to avoid the stresses induced thereby and thus cracks.
  • a barrier layer is arranged between the austenitized base material and the liquid zinc phases.
  • Such a barrier layer is, for example, a zinc ferrite barrier layer from the reaction between zinc and iron, which dissolves pure zinc via a solid phase solution, the layer growing as a result using up zinc and forming a stable zinc ferrite mixed crystal.
  • zinc-nickel layers are also possible as the first or sole corrosion protection layer because a zinc-nickel layer does not develop any liquid zinc phases during the process.
  • the reduction in liquid zinc or the rapid build-up of an effective barrier layer can be achieved by quickly completing the formation of the barrier layer by reducing the available amount of zinc and thus avoiding a remaining liquid phase of zinc.
  • This can include can be achieved by reducing the zinc layer thickness.
  • the zinc-iron reaction can also be accelerated and thus a faster and greater barrier layer thickness can be achieved if the chemistry of the zinc layer is interfered with.
  • Conventional zinc layers which are applied in the quick-dip galvanizing process, contain a certain amount of aluminum, which forms an inhibiting layer between the carrier material (steel) on the one hand and the zinc layer on the other, preventing a strong reaction between the substrate and the coating.
  • the addition of aluminum can be reduced in a targeted manner in order to promote precisely this rapid formation of a thick zinc-iron layer.
  • aluminum is reduced in the liquid zinc coating and, if necessary, the coating is fed to a galvanealing reaction before forming to form zinc-iron phases in order to dissolve this inhibiting layer. Such a coating then does not cause any liquid zinc layers during direct forming, which could have harmful interaction with the austenite.
  • a zinc-ferrite layer can be formed with a longer furnace dwell time and the associated longer annealing treatment of a zinc coating, which effectively prevents the "liquid metal embrittlement", even if austenite is present and stresses are introduced.
  • Figure 1 shows the analysis of a typical steel which was used for the method according to the invention. It will be understood that the remainder of the analysis consists of iron and fusion-related, inevitable impurities.
  • critical intervals of the furnace dwell time which are approximately 90 s to 140 s with a zinc coating of 80 g / m 2 , approximately 100 s to 155 s with a zinc coating of 100 g / m 2 and with a zinc coating of 120 g / m 2 is even 90 s to over 200 s.
  • the critical intervals of the furnace dwell time with zinc-iron coatings of 80 g / m 2 , 100 g / m 2 and 120 g / m 2 are significantly shorter, with the critical intervals, especially with a zinc-iron coating of 80 g / m 2 between 45 s and 70 s and a zinc-iron layer of 120 g / m 2 with 50 s to 105 s are also significantly narrower.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction en acier trempé pourvu d'un revêtement en zinc ou en alliage de zinc, dans lequel un matériau en acier durcissable est recouvert d'une couche de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc, des platines sont estampées à partir du matériau en acier durcissable, les platines sont chauffées à une température du point AC3 ou au-dessus et sont façonnées en état chaud dans un outil de façonnage après un temps de maintien souhaité, la platine en tôle d'acier façonnée par l'outil de façonnage étant refroidie avec une vitesse excédant la vitesse de durcissement critique et étant ainsi durcie, caractérisé en ce que la platine est maintenue avant le façonnage à une température de plus de 782 °C, en fonction de l'épaisseur de la couche de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc, jusqu'à ce qu'une couche barrière en ferrite de zinc se soit formée entre l'acier et le revêtement en zinc ou en alliage de zinc et que la couche barrière en ferrite de zinc qui se forme absorbe le zinc fluide et ait d'une épaisseur telle qu'aucune phase de zinc fluide ne réagisse avec l'acier pendant le façonnage, où, pour les épaisseurs de couche de zinc entre 80 g/m2 et 120 g/m2, le temps passé au four est d'au moins 120 s à 210 s ou, pour les couches en zinc-fer (galvanisées) des épaisseurs entre 80 g/m2 et 120 g/m2, le temps passé au four est d'au moins 75 s à 100 s.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche barrière en ferrite de zinc est une couche barrière en ferrite de zinc résultant de la réaction entre le zinc et le fer qui libère du zinc pur par une solution de phase solide, où la couche croissante consomme du zinc et une solution solide de ferrite de zinc se forme.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement sur l'acier est un revêtement en zinc avec une teneur en aluminium de 0,1 % à 5 %.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement sur l'acier est appliqué par voie électrolytique et / ou par le revêtement par immersion à chaud.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement sur l'acier comprend une mince couche de zinc appliquée par voie électrolytique et une couche de zinc ou d'aluminium zingué appliquée dessus.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la couche de zinc appliquée par voie électrolytique a été transformée en une couche de ferrite de zinc avant la galvanisation par immersion à chaud.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement est un revêtement en zinc-nickel, un revêtement en zinc-aluminium, un revêtement en zinc-fer, un revêtement en zinc-chrome, un revêtement en zinc pur ou un revêtement en zinc-magnésium.
EP11811026.1A 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis Active EP2656187B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010056264.5A DE102010056264C5 (de) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
DE102010056265.3A DE102010056265C5 (de) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
DE102011053941.7A DE102011053941B4 (de) 2011-09-26 2011-09-26 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile mit Bereichen unterschiedlicher Härte und/oder Duktilität
DE102011053939.5A DE102011053939B4 (de) 2011-09-26 2011-09-26 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
PCT/EP2011/073892 WO2012085256A2 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2656187A2 EP2656187A2 (fr) 2013-10-30
EP2656187B1 true EP2656187B1 (fr) 2020-09-09

Family

ID=45470542

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11811026.1A Active EP2656187B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis
EP11807691.8A Active EP2655672B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé pour produire des éléments de construction durcis pourvus de zones de différentes duretés et/ou ductilités
EP11811025.3A Active EP2655675B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé pour produire des éléments de construction durcis pourvus de zones de différentes duretés et/ou ductilités
EP11808211.4A Active EP2655673B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis
EP11808645.3A Active EP2655674B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de formage et de durcissement de tôles d'acier revêtues

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11807691.8A Active EP2655672B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé pour produire des éléments de construction durcis pourvus de zones de différentes duretés et/ou ductilités
EP11811025.3A Active EP2655675B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé pour produire des éléments de construction durcis pourvus de zones de différentes duretés et/ou ductilités
EP11808211.4A Active EP2655673B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis
EP11808645.3A Active EP2655674B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de formage et de durcissement de tôles d'acier revêtues

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US10640838B2 (fr)
EP (5) EP2656187B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP5727037B2 (fr)
KR (3) KR20130126962A (fr)
CN (5) CN103392014B (fr)
ES (5) ES2851176T3 (fr)
HU (5) HUE052381T2 (fr)
WO (5) WO2012085251A2 (fr)

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US20140027026A1 (en) 2014-01-30
CN103547686B (zh) 2016-11-23
WO2012085253A3 (fr) 2012-08-16
ES2829950T3 (es) 2021-06-02
JP2014507556A (ja) 2014-03-27
CN103415630A (zh) 2013-11-27
ES2858225T8 (es) 2022-01-05
HUE053150T2 (hu) 2021-06-28
KR20130132566A (ko) 2013-12-04
WO2012085247A2 (fr) 2012-06-28
KR101582922B1 (ko) 2016-01-07
HUE055049T2 (hu) 2021-10-28
WO2012085251A2 (fr) 2012-06-28
CN103415630B (zh) 2015-09-23
WO2012085256A2 (fr) 2012-06-28
WO2012085248A3 (fr) 2012-08-16
EP2655673B1 (fr) 2021-02-03
ES2848159T3 (es) 2021-08-05
CN103384726A (zh) 2013-11-06
JP2014505791A (ja) 2014-03-06
ES2858225T3 (es) 2021-09-29
WO2012085253A2 (fr) 2012-06-28
ES2853207T3 (es) 2021-09-15
CN103392014B (zh) 2016-01-27
WO2012085251A3 (fr) 2012-08-16
CN103384726B (zh) 2016-11-23
EP2655674A2 (fr) 2013-10-30
HUE054867T2 (hu) 2021-10-28
EP2655674B1 (fr) 2021-02-03
JP5727037B2 (ja) 2015-06-03
EP2655672B1 (fr) 2020-12-16
KR20130132565A (ko) 2013-12-04
CN103547687A (zh) 2014-01-29
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ES2851176T3 (es) 2021-09-03
US10640838B2 (en) 2020-05-05
US20140020795A1 (en) 2014-01-23
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EP2655673A2 (fr) 2013-10-30
CN103547686A (zh) 2014-01-29
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