EP2655674B1 - Procédé de formage et de durcissement de tôles d'acier revêtues - Google Patents

Procédé de formage et de durcissement de tôles d'acier revêtues Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2655674B1
EP2655674B1 EP11808645.3A EP11808645A EP2655674B1 EP 2655674 B1 EP2655674 B1 EP 2655674B1 EP 11808645 A EP11808645 A EP 11808645A EP 2655674 B1 EP2655674 B1 EP 2655674B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
zinc
forming
blank
forming tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11808645.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2655674A2 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Sommer
Siegfried Kolnberger
Gerald RABLER
Harald Schwinghammer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102010056264.5A external-priority patent/DE102010056264C5/de
Priority claimed from DE102010056265.3A external-priority patent/DE102010056265C5/de
Priority claimed from DE102011053939.5A external-priority patent/DE102011053939B4/de
Priority claimed from DE102011053941.7A external-priority patent/DE102011053941B4/de
Application filed by Voestalpine Stahl GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Publication of EP2655674A2 publication Critical patent/EP2655674A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2655674B1 publication Critical patent/EP2655674B1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for forming and hardening coated steel sheets with the features of claim 1.
  • press-hardened components made of sheet steel are used, particularly in automobiles.
  • These press-hardened components made of sheet steel are high-strength components that are used in particular as safety components in the bodywork area.
  • a sheet steel blank is heated above the so-called austenitizing temperature and, if necessary, kept at this temperature until a desired degree of austenitizing is reached. Then this heated blank is transferred to a molding tool and in this molding tool in a single-stage forming step The finished component is reshaped and at the same time cooled by the cooled molding tool at a speed that is above the critical hardening speed. The hardened component is thus produced.
  • the component is first formed almost completely, if necessary in a multi-stage forming process. This formed component is then likewise heated to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature and, if necessary, kept at this temperature for a required time.
  • This heated component is then transferred and inserted into a molding tool which already has the dimensions of the component or the final dimensions of the component, possibly taking into account the thermal expansion of the preformed component. After the particularly cooled tool has been closed, the preformed component is therefore only cooled in this tool at a speed above the critical hardening speed, and thereby hardened.
  • the direct method is a bit easier to implement here, but only allows shapes that can actually be created with a single forming step, i.e. relatively simple profile shapes.
  • Zinc has the advantage that zinc not only provides a barrier protection layer like aluminum, but also a cathodic protection against corrosion.
  • zinc-coated press-hardened components fit better into the overall corrosion protection concept of the vehicle body, as these are fully galvanized in today's common construction. In this respect, contact corrosion can be reduced or excluded.
  • the forming tools are significantly soiled. This is apparently not only due to abrasion but much more to the sublimation of zinc vapors that evaporate from the liquid zinc phases during forming.
  • the consequences of zinc deposits building up in the forming tool range from surface damage to the hot-formed component in the form of grooves to system downtimes due to jammed components in the forming tool or the risk of tool breakage due to double-part press-off if jammed components are not detected in time.
  • the required regular removal of zinc deposits reduces the productivity of the hot forming plant due to the necessary production downtime.
  • the steel material having a zinc or zinc alloy coating which is formed on the surface of the steel material and the steel base material with the coating is heated to a temperature of 700 ° C to 1000 ° C and hot formed, wherein the coating has an oxide layer, which consists mainly of zinc oxide, before the steel base material with the zinc or zinc alloy layer is heated in order to then prevent the zinc from evaporating when heated.
  • a special procedure is provided for this.
  • a method for hot forming a steel in which a component made of a given boron-manganese steel is heated to a temperature at the Ac 3 point or higher, is kept at this temperature and then the heated steel sheet is formed into the finished component, wherein the molded component is quenched by cooling from the molding temperature during molding or after molding in such a way that the cooling rate to the MS point is at least equal to the critical cooling rate and that the average cooling rate of the molded component from the MS point at 200 ° C is in the range of 25 ° C / s to 150 ° C / s.
  • JP 2007 182 608 discloses a method for hot forming coated boron-manganese steels.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method for reshaping and hardening metal-coated steel sheets in which the contamination of the tools is reduced to the level that is inevitable due to abrasion.
  • the inventors have recognized that metallic buildup, such as Zn buildup on hot forming tools, which goes beyond the level of inevitable abrasion, has a severe adverse effect on productivity in the direct process.
  • the cause suspected by the inventors is mainly due to evaporating liquid metallic phases, such as Zn phases in the hot forming of steels with a zinc coating.
  • the hot forming of steels with zinc coating is carried out below the peritectic temperature of the iron-zinc system (melt, ferrite, gamma phase).
  • the composition of the steel alloy is set within the scope of the usual composition of Bohr magnesium steel (22 MnB5) in such a way that quench hardening is achieved through a delayed conversion of the austenite into martensite and thus the presence of austenite even at the lower temperature is carried out below 800 ° C or lower, so that at the moment in which the steel is formed, no liquid Zinc phases are present, from which zinc could evaporate and deposit on the tools.
  • the desired forming temperature is between 450 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably between 450 ° C and 700 ° C and more preferably between 450 ° C and 600 ° C.
  • a conventional boron-manganese steel for use as a press-hardening steel material is adjusted with regard to the conversion of the austenite into other phases in such a way that the conversion shifts into deeper ranges.
  • Steels of the general alloy composition are therefore suitable for the invention (all data in% by mass): C [%] Si [%] Mn [%] P [%] S [%] Al [%] Cr [%] Ti [%] B [%] N [%] 0.22 0.19 1.22 0.0066 0.001 0.053 0.26 0.031 0.0025 0.0042
  • the remainder is iron and impurities from the melting process
  • the alloying elements boron, manganese, carbon and optionally chromium and molybdenum are used as transformation retarders in such steels.
  • quench hardening i.e. H. rapid cooling with a cooling rate above the critical hardening rate can be safely achieved even below 780 ° C.
  • work is carried out below the peritectic of the zinc-iron system, i.e. H. is only transformed below the peritectic.
  • This also means that at the moment when the sheet metal to be formed comes into contact with the tool, there are no longer any liquid zinc phases that can be deposited on the tool surface.
  • the steel sheet used is a 1.5 mm thick steel sheet made of an alloy described above which is coated with a Z140 layer.
  • the furnace temperature for heating and austenitizing the sheet is around 910 ° C.
  • the baking time of the trays is set so that the trays reach a temperature of 870 ° C and are then held for 45 seconds.
  • the sheets were either brought into the forming tool and formed there, or removed from the furnace after heating, fed to an intermediate cooling station and, after cooling, transferred to the tool as quickly as possible, where they were formed and quench-hardened.
  • the intercooling is carried out so that a forming temperature between 450 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably between 450 ° C and 700 ° C and more preferably between 450 ° C and 600 ° C is achieved.
  • Figure 3 shows the clearly visible contamination of the tool during forming without intermediate cooling. After just three forming steps, the degree of contamination is so high that an impairment of the surface quality of the hardened steel components is foreseeable with continued forming steps.
  • the zinc components adhering to the tool through first evaporation and then adhesion and welding can tear parts out of the zinc layer of the following components by welding, which has a negative effect on the corrosion protection.
  • zinc components adhering to the tool can be transferred in the same way to the steel component and there impair the surface quality and the paintability of the component.
  • a holding phase can be carried out in the temperature range of the peritectic Provide so that the solidification of the zinc coating is promoted and promoted before it is formed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Procédé de formage et de durcissement de tôles d'acier revêtues, un larget étant découpé à la matrice dans une tôle revêtue de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc, le larget découpé à la matrice étant chauffé à une température ≥Ac3 et éventuellement maintenu à cette température pendant un temps prédéfini pour la formation d'austénite, puis le larget chauffé étant transféré, mis en forme et refroidi dans un outil de moulage à une vitesse supérieure à la vitesse de durcissement critique et étant ainsi durci,
    caractérisé en ce que,
    pour éviter toute formation de dépôt de zinc adhérant à l'outil de moulage, le matériau acier est réglé avec une transformation retardée de telle façon que le formage se produise à une température de transformation comprise entre 500 °C et 800 °C et inférieure à la température péritectique du diagramme zinc-fer,
    et que le larget est chauffé dans un four à une température >Ac3, est maintenu à cette température pendant un temps prédéfini et est ensuite refroidi à une température entre 600 °C et 800 °C et maintenu à cette température pour obtenir une solidification de la couche de zinc et, après un temps de maintien prédéfini est transféré dans l'outil de moulage et y formé à une température entre 500 °C et 800 °C, un matériau acier avec l'analyse suivante étant utilisé (toutes les indications en % en poids) : Carbone (C) 0,08 - 0,6 Manganèse (Mn) 0,8 - 3,0 Aluminium (Al) 0,01 - 0,07 Silicium (Si) 0,01 - 0,5 Chrome (Cr) 0,02 - 0,6 Titane (Ti) 0,01 - 0,05 Azote (N) 0,003 - 0,1 Bore (B) 0,001 - 0,06 Phosphore (P) < 0,01 Soufre (S) < 0,01 Molybdène (Mo) < 1
    le reste étant du fer et des impuretés dues à la fusion.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau acier contient comme retardateurs de transformation les éléments le bore, le manganèse et le carbone, ainsi que le chrome et le molybdène en option.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un matériau acier avec l'analyse suivante est utilisé (toutes les indications en % en poids) : Carbone (C) 0,08 - 0,30 Manganèse (Mn) 1,00 - 3,00 Aluminium (Al) 0,03 - 0,06 Silicium (Si) 0,15 - 0,20 Chrome (Cr) 0,2 - 0,3 Titane (Ti) 0,03 - 0,04 Azote (N) 0,004 - 0,006 Bore (B) 0,001 - 0,06 Phosphore (P) < 0,01 Soufre (S) < 0,01 Molybdène (Mo) < 1
    le reste étant du fer et des impuretés dues à la fusion.
EP11808645.3A 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de formage et de durcissement de tôles d'acier revêtues Active EP2655674B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010056264.5A DE102010056264C5 (de) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
DE102010056265.3A DE102010056265C5 (de) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
DE102011053939.5A DE102011053939B4 (de) 2011-09-26 2011-09-26 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
DE102011053941.7A DE102011053941B4 (de) 2011-09-26 2011-09-26 Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile mit Bereichen unterschiedlicher Härte und/oder Duktilität
PCT/EP2011/073882 WO2012085248A2 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de formage et de durcissement de tôles d'acier revêtues

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2655674A2 EP2655674A2 (fr) 2013-10-30
EP2655674B1 true EP2655674B1 (fr) 2021-02-03

Family

ID=45470542

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11811025.3A Active EP2655675B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé pour produire des éléments de construction durcis pourvus de zones de différentes duretés et/ou ductilités
EP11811026.1A Active EP2656187B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis
EP11808211.4A Active EP2655673B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis
EP11807691.8A Active EP2655672B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé pour produire des éléments de construction durcis pourvus de zones de différentes duretés et/ou ductilités
EP11808645.3A Active EP2655674B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de formage et de durcissement de tôles d'acier revêtues

Family Applications Before (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11811025.3A Active EP2655675B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé pour produire des éléments de construction durcis pourvus de zones de différentes duretés et/ou ductilités
EP11811026.1A Active EP2656187B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis
EP11808211.4A Active EP2655673B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé de fabrication de composants durcis
EP11807691.8A Active EP2655672B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Procédé pour produire des éléments de construction durcis pourvus de zones de différentes duretés et/ou ductilités

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US10640838B2 (fr)
EP (5) EP2655675B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP5727037B2 (fr)
KR (3) KR20130132566A (fr)
CN (5) CN103415630B (fr)
ES (5) ES2829950T3 (fr)
HU (5) HUE055049T2 (fr)
WO (5) WO2012085248A2 (fr)

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KR20130126962A (ko) 2013-11-21
WO2012085256A2 (fr) 2012-06-28
CN103392014B (zh) 2016-01-27
JP2014505791A (ja) 2014-03-06
EP2655674A2 (fr) 2013-10-30
HUE054867T2 (hu) 2021-10-28
ES2858225T8 (es) 2022-01-05
EP2655675A2 (fr) 2013-10-30
HUE054465T2 (hu) 2021-09-28
CN103547686B (zh) 2016-11-23
US20140027026A1 (en) 2014-01-30
CN103384726B (zh) 2016-11-23
EP2655675B1 (fr) 2021-03-10
US10640838B2 (en) 2020-05-05
ES2858225T3 (es) 2021-09-29
WO2012085256A3 (fr) 2012-08-16
EP2656187A2 (fr) 2013-10-30
CN103415630B (zh) 2015-09-23
KR20130132566A (ko) 2013-12-04
EP2655673A2 (fr) 2013-10-30
WO2012085251A3 (fr) 2012-08-16
ES2851176T3 (es) 2021-09-03
WO2012085251A2 (fr) 2012-06-28
CN103384726A (zh) 2013-11-06
CN103547687A (zh) 2014-01-29
WO2012085253A2 (fr) 2012-06-28
WO2012085247A3 (fr) 2012-08-16
CN103547686A (zh) 2014-01-29
WO2012085248A2 (fr) 2012-06-28
ES2853207T3 (es) 2021-09-15
ES2829950T8 (es) 2021-06-10
US20140020795A1 (en) 2014-01-23
EP2655673B1 (fr) 2021-02-03
WO2012085253A3 (fr) 2012-08-16
HUE055049T2 (hu) 2021-10-28
EP2655672A2 (fr) 2013-10-30
CN103415630A (zh) 2013-11-27
WO2012085247A2 (fr) 2012-06-28
WO2012085248A3 (fr) 2012-08-16
KR101582922B1 (ko) 2016-01-07
ES2848159T3 (es) 2021-08-05
EP2655672B1 (fr) 2020-12-16
CN103392014A (zh) 2013-11-13
ES2829950T3 (es) 2021-06-02
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