EP2566744A2 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif de coupe comportant des unités d'entraînement à plusieurs voies - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif de coupe comportant des unités d'entraînement à plusieurs voies

Info

Publication number
EP2566744A2
EP2566744A2 EP11722304A EP11722304A EP2566744A2 EP 2566744 A2 EP2566744 A2 EP 2566744A2 EP 11722304 A EP11722304 A EP 11722304A EP 11722304 A EP11722304 A EP 11722304A EP 2566744 A2 EP2566744 A2 EP 2566744A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
food
food bar
bar
cutting
cutting blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11722304A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2566744B1 (fr
Inventor
Jörg SCHMEISER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Food Solutions Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
CFS Buehl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=44118742&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2566744(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by CFS Buehl GmbH filed Critical CFS Buehl GmbH
Priority to EP15175865.3A priority Critical patent/EP2942165B1/fr
Priority to PL11722304T priority patent/PL2566744T3/pl
Publication of EP2566744A2 publication Critical patent/EP2566744A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2566744B1 publication Critical patent/EP2566744B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
    • B26D7/0625—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form by endless conveyors, e.g. belts
    • B26D7/0633—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form by endless conveyors, e.g. belts by grippers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
    • B26D7/0608—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form by pushers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/27—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting
    • B26D7/32—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting for conveying or stacking cut product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
    • B26D2007/011—Means for holding or positioning work by clamping claws, e.g. in high speed slicers for food products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
    • B26D2007/013—Means for holding or positioning work the work being tubes, rods or logs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D2210/00—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials
    • B26D2210/02—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials for cutting food products, e.g. food slicers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D2210/00—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials
    • B26D2210/02—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials for cutting food products, e.g. food slicers
    • B26D2210/08—Idle cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/16—Cutting rods or tubes transversely
    • B26D3/161—Cutting rods or tubes transversely for obtaining more than one product at a time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
    • B26D7/0683—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form specially adapted for elongated articles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0448—With subsequent handling [i.e., of product]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for cutting at least one food bar with a slicing device, in which at least one food bar is transported in each case one track, each with a transport in the direction of a rotary driven cutting knife, in a cutting plane to the front end of the food bar food slices of the Food bars separated, which are combined into portions and transported away, wherein the cutting blade for generating the portion and / or for transporting the portion of idle cuts, in which the cutting blade moves but are separated from the food bar no food slices.
  • the object is achieved with a method for cutting at least one food bar with a slicing device, in which at least one food bar is transported in each case one track, each with a transport in the direction of a rotationally driven cutting blade, in a cutting plane at the front end of the food bar food slices of the food bar is separated, which are combined into portions and transported away, wherein the cutting blade for generating the portion and removal of the portion carries out blank cuts in which moves the cutting blade but no food slices are separated from the food bar and wherein for performing the idle cuts the cutting blade and at least the leading end of the food bar are moved away from each other.
  • the present invention relates to a method for slicing a food bar with a slicing apparatus.
  • a slicing device is preferably a so-called slicer, in particular a high-performance slicer, in which more than six hundred, in some cases more than a thousand food slices per minute are separated per food bar.
  • a slicing a, but preferably several food bars, such as sausage, cheese or ham, continuously or intermittently transported by a conveyor belt in the direction of a rotary driven cutting knife, which separates in a cutting plane at the front end of food bar food slices of this.
  • the cutting blade may be, for example, a circular or sickle blade.
  • the food slices are portioned onto a portioning agent, for example a portioning belt or a portioning table, into portions of several, for example ten, food slices and then transported away as portions. It can be created on the portioning simultaneously several portions and transported away. Since, as is known, the frequency of the cut food slices for portioning and / or for removal are too high, often idle cuts must be performed in which the knife continues its normal movement, such as its rotational movement, but separated from the food bar but no food slices become.
  • a portioning agent for example a portioning belt or a portioning table
  • these idle cuts are now achieved by pulling the cutting blade away from the front end of the food and away from the cutting plane and moving away at least the front end of the food bar away from the cutting plane.
  • Both the cutting blade and the front end of the food bar thus perform a movement that increases the distance between the cutting blade and the front edge of the food bar.
  • both the movement of the cutting blade and the food bar is linear, most preferably provided parallel to each other.
  • the cutting blade is displaced along or parallel to its axis of rotation.
  • the return movement of the front end of the cutting blade can be done by a withdrawal of the entire food bar and / or a compression of the front end of the food bar.
  • the food bar and / or a part of the food bar is preferably moved together with its support, for example a conveyor belt.
  • the movement of the cutting blade begins before the movement of the front end of the food bar is initiated.
  • This preferred embodiment of the present invention has the advantage that for the at least food rack more time is available without chips being formed. As a result, the food bar or parts of the food bar must be accelerated less strongly, so that the forces are less and / or oscillations of the food bar and / or the entire device are at least reduced.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for slicing food bars with a slicer having a plurality of tracks, in each of which a food bar is loaded and transported independently of the one or other tracks in the direction of the rotary driven cutting blade, in a cutting plane
  • the front end of the respective food bar separates food slices, which are combined into portions and transported away.
  • At least one cutting movement of the cutting blade which is required for slicing a portion of at least one food bar a slice is separated, while from another food bar, which is also located in the slicing, no food slice is separated.
  • this is achieved by the number of empty cuts per track and / or the transport of the respective food bar per track individually is selected.
  • the respective food bar is pulled away from the cutting plane and the feed is switched off.
  • the cutting blade performs blank cuts, while on at least one other track it separates food slices from another food bar.
  • the inventive method to cut several portions simultaneously, in which the products are arranged in several rows, wherein the distance of the food slices on the portioning agent is preferably less than the distance of the food bars and / or where at least two different products in one Portion are available.
  • the cutting blade and / or at least the front end of the respective food bar is moved away from each other for performing a blank cut.
  • food slices are separated from a plurality of food bars for one serving, the number of food slices per food lock being different, but with the last slicing motion being cut off for each portion of all the food slices located in a track.
  • the food bars are gripped at the front end facing away from the food bar at different times in each case by a gripper.
  • the gripper has the function of stabilizing the food bar, when it is already largely cut open, in its position so that it does not tilt and / or pull the so-called remnant, which can not be cut away, away from the cutting blade Remove the respective track, for example, throw it into a container or the like.
  • This embodiment of the method according to the invention allows a very high flexibility, in particular if the respective food bars are of different lengths and / or if they are cut open at different speeds. Since with each food bar, as a rule, an uncut end piece remains, which in each case is withdrawn by the gripper, this withdrawal takes place in the respective tracks according to the invention or preferably at least partially at different times.
  • the grippers of all tracks are displaceably mounted on a single central unit and are preferably guided by this.
  • each gripper has its own drive, with which it is possible this gripper individually, d. H. independent of the other grippers to move at least a certain distance relative to the central unit.
  • the grippers can be transferred from a gripping to a non-gripping state, particularly preferably individually.
  • the central unit is also provided slidably along the slicing device.
  • FIG. 1a-d shows a first embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2a-c show a further embodiment of the method according to the invention; slicing different types of food bars for one serving.
  • Figure 3a, b shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which a food portion has different types of food slices.
  • Figure 4a, b shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which per food bar a different number of food slices is cut for a portion.
  • Figure 5a-d shows the movement of the grippers during the multi-lane slicing of food bars.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a track of a slicing apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the method according to the invention. This is carried out with a four-lane slicing device, in which four food bars A - D can be transported independently with one transport (not shown) in the direction of a cutting blade 1, which can separate food slices from the front end of the respective food bar in the cutting plane 6.
  • the person skilled in the art understands that the slicing device can have more or fewer tracks 3 ' - 3 "" , but for example also only one track.
  • the cutting blade 6 is preferably driven in rotation.
  • the food bars B and D are in a retracted position, in which the advance of the means of transport of the respective track 3 " , 3 ""is not activated, but the food bars A and C become as indicated by the arrow shown within the food bar, transported continuously or intermittently in the direction of the food bar, so that the cutting blade 1 in each of the rotation of each cutting a food slice (not shown) separated from the front end of the food bars A and C. If now a change of réellemol Food bars, this is preferably carried out as shown in Figures 1 b to D.
  • the first the cutting blade 1 has been moved away from the cutting plane 6, is available for the withdrawal movement of food bars A and C more time than the normal time window in a complete movement, such as a rotary or planetary motion, available, so that they are not within one rotation of the cutting blade or less must be withdrawn without chips are formed, but more time is available.
  • the knife performs empty cuts, ie it rotates without the food slices being separated from the food bars.
  • FIG. 2 essentially shows the method according to FIG. 1.
  • the slicing machine also has four tracks 3 '- 3 "" , two tracks 3', 3 "' each having a food bar with a round cross section and two tracks 3 " , 3 "”are each loaded with a food bar with a quadrangular cross-section.
  • the food bars with the round cross section are cut open until a sufficient number of food slices having a round cross section have been cut off.
  • the cutting blade 1 is moved away from the cutting plane 6 by a linear distance piece, the bars in the tracks 3 ', 3 " withdrawn '' and pushed the bars B and D with the square cross section forward or at the same time the cutting blade 1 is moved back again into the cutting plane 6 ( Figure 2c) and the slices of the bars B and D can begin by being transported in the direction of the cutting blade
  • the retraction of the food bars which have just been sliced is preferably carried out, however, after the cutting knife has been pulled away from the cutting plane Cutting knife from the cutting plane can be performed.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, for example the method according to FIG. 2a.
  • four food bars are cut into four tracks and the food slices on a portioning table 10, such as an xY table, stored here shingled.
  • the food bars A have a round cross-section and the food bar B has a quadrangular cross-section.
  • two portions are cut open at the same time.
  • the food bar A is cut open, wherein after each slice, as shown by the arrow on the portioning table 10, this moves forward by a certain distance to achieve a shingled portion.
  • the food bars B are in a retracted position.
  • the cutting blade 1 from the cutting plane 6 in the direction of the cutting table is shifted by a linear distance so that it performs blank cuts.
  • the portioning table is moved a certain distance to the right.
  • the portioning table 10 is preferably moved again in the direction of the food bars.
  • the conveyor belts transport the food bar B in the direction of the cutting blade, which cuts food slices of these, which are stored shingled on the portioning table 10.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • a food portion is to be cut, which consists of six food slices A 'three food slices B' and a food disc C.
  • This is achieved by first cutting open only the two food bars A and the food bar B, which is shown in Figure 4a, while the food bar C is in a retracted position. Consequently, the cutting blade does not cut off any food bars.
  • the food bar C for the last cutting movement (the last cut) for this portion, is pushed forward and at this last cut (see Fig. 4b) are cut off from all four food bars slices.
  • the front end of the food bar C is again withdrawn from the cutting plane 6 and a new portion can be cut open.
  • the retraction of the food bar C is preferably carried out after the cutting blade has been moved away from the cutting plane. This results in a sufficiently large period of time on the one hand to transport the finished food portion of the slicing away and on the other to withdraw the food bar C. If it is necessary for the formation of a portion that all food bars are cut simultaneously, then this should be done at least at the last last cut for each serving, because then more time is available for the next cut of the next serving the food bar no longer needed to withdraw again. However, this method also works without a movement of the cutting blade from the cutting plane.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • a gripper 9 is arranged per track, which can be engaged with the rear end 17 of the respective food bar A-C present in the track, in order to stabilize them in their position, and in particular if their slices are already very advanced, and / or to withdraw the remaining remnant from the cutting blade.
  • all grippers 9 are provided on a central unit 15, which is preferably provided in the direction of the cutting plane and back displaceable or stationary. Relative to this central unit 15, the grippers 9 can be moved independently of each other, for example by a motor drive.
  • the central unit 15 preferably guides the grippers 9 as they move relative to the central unit.
  • the grippers grasp the rear end of the food bar only after their sliced has begun preferably after their cold cuts is almost completely completed.
  • only two disks are cut off from the food bar C to form one portion of the food bars A and B, but only one disk.
  • food bar C is sliced slower than food bars A and B.
  • the food bars A and B are cut comparatively far, while the food bar C still has a long uncut portion. Consequently, the grippers 9, which are arranged behind the food bars A and B, are moved forward relative to the central unit 15, in order to engage the food bars A and B. The gripper behind the food bar C, however, remains in a retracted position and is not brought into engagement with the food bars. In this state, the slicing of food bars is continued until the food bars A and B are completely cut open except for a remnant. Then, the remaining portion of the food bars A and B is withdrawn from the respective grippers and preferably dropped over a discharge chute (not shown).
  • the respective gripper is preferably moved to its "home position.”
  • the thus released tracks can be loaded with a new food bar, which is shown in Figure 5c.
  • These new food bars A and B are then cut open 5c that now the food bar C is cut very far, so that the gripper behind it is brought into contact with this food bar, while the grippers 9, which are located behind the food bars A and B, are not engaged with this ,
  • FIG. 5 d shows the state in which all rear ends of all food bars are each engaged with a gripper 9.
  • the example according to FIG. 5 shows that it is possible and useful to grasp the ends of the food bars at different times. This is possible in particular that the ends of the food bars are only taken when their cold cuts are already in progress and / or almost completed.
  • FIG. 6 shows a track 3 ' - 3 "" of a slicing machine with which the methods according to the invention can be carried out.
  • a food bar A, B, C rests on a conveyor belt and is transported by this in the direction of a cutting blade 1.
  • the transport is assisted by a second conveyor belt 5 abutting the upper end of the food rack, which preferably presses the food bar against the lower conveyor belt 5.
  • the conveyor belts 5 transport the food bar 5 in the direction of the cutting blade 1, which is driven in rotation and at each rotational movement separates a food disc from the front end of the food bar, when the cutting blade is in the cutting plane and the food bar is transported in the direction of the cutting blade.
  • the cutting blade is displaced, as shown by the arrow, from the food bar and the cutting plane about a linear span, parallel to its axis of rotation for a certain period of time.
  • the knife is moved back along the same path back into the cutting plane.
  • at least the front end 16 of the food bar 5 is withdrawn from the cutting plane.
  • a gripper 9 is arranged as needed, in particular when the food bar is already very far cut, is engaged with this.
  • the gripper 9 claws, which are positively and / or positively and reversibly brought into connection with the rear end 17.
  • this remnant piece is withdrawn from the gripper 9 by the cutting plane and preferably dropped off via a discharge chute (not shown).

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour découper au moins une barre de produit alimentaire au moyen d'un dispositif de coupe, dans lequel au moins une barre de produit alimentaire est transportée dans une voie respective à l'aide d'un moyen de transport respectif en direction d'une lame entraînée en rotation qui découpe des tranches dans la barre de produit alimentaire dans un plan de coupe à l'extrémité antérieure de la barre de produit alimentaire; les tranches sont réunies en portions puis évacuées. La lame servant à produire la portion ou à évacuer cette dernière effectue des coupes à vide au cours desquelles elle se déplace mais ne découpe pas de tranches dans la barre de produit alimentaire.
EP11722304.0A 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Methode pour l'usage d'une trancheuse avec plusieurs dispositifs d'allimentation Active EP2566744B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15175865.3A EP2942165B1 (fr) 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de coupe doté d'entraînements à plusieurs voies
PL11722304T PL2566744T3 (pl) 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Sposób eksploatacji krajalnicy z wielotorowym doprowadzaniem

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010019248 DE102010019248A1 (de) 2010-05-03 2010-05-03 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Aufschneidevorrichtung mit mehrspurigen Antrieben
PCT/EP2011/002190 WO2011138002A2 (fr) 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif de coupe comportant des unités d'entraînement à plusieurs voies

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15175865.3A Division EP2942165B1 (fr) 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de coupe doté d'entraînements à plusieurs voies

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2566744A2 true EP2566744A2 (fr) 2013-03-13
EP2566744B1 EP2566744B1 (fr) 2015-07-29

Family

ID=44118742

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15175865.3A Active EP2942165B1 (fr) 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de coupe doté d'entraînements à plusieurs voies
EP11722304.0A Active EP2566744B1 (fr) 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Methode pour l'usage d'une trancheuse avec plusieurs dispositifs d'allimentation

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15175865.3A Active EP2942165B1 (fr) 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de coupe doté d'entraînements à plusieurs voies

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20130205960A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2942165B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010019248A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2566744T3 (fr)
ES (2) ES2551606T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE026004T2 (fr)
PL (1) PL2566744T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011138002A2 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
ES2551606T3 (es) 2015-11-20
EP2942165A3 (fr) 2016-03-16
PL2566744T3 (pl) 2016-01-29
DK2566744T3 (en) 2015-11-02
ES2911558T3 (es) 2022-05-19
DE102010019248A1 (de) 2011-11-03
US20130205960A1 (en) 2013-08-15
WO2011138002A2 (fr) 2011-11-10
EP2942165B1 (fr) 2022-01-26
EP2942165A2 (fr) 2015-11-11
HUE026004T2 (en) 2016-05-30
EP2566744B1 (fr) 2015-07-29
WO2011138002A3 (fr) 2011-12-29

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