EP2052095A1 - Procédé d'ajustement de la conductivité thermique d'un acier, acier à outils, notamment acier à outils pour travail à chaud et article en acier - Google Patents

Procédé d'ajustement de la conductivité thermique d'un acier, acier à outils, notamment acier à outils pour travail à chaud et article en acier

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Publication number
EP2052095A1
EP2052095A1 EP07764595A EP07764595A EP2052095A1 EP 2052095 A1 EP2052095 A1 EP 2052095A1 EP 07764595 A EP07764595 A EP 07764595A EP 07764595 A EP07764595 A EP 07764595A EP 2052095 A1 EP2052095 A1 EP 2052095A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel
weight
tool
hot
thermal conductivity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP07764595A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Angles Isaac Valls
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rovalma SA
Original Assignee
Rovalma SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Rovalma SA filed Critical Rovalma SA
Priority to EP17151574.5A priority Critical patent/EP3228724B1/fr
Priority to EP07764595A priority patent/EP2052095A1/fr
Publication of EP2052095A1 publication Critical patent/EP2052095A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/006—Making ferrous alloys compositions used for making ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for adjusting the thermal conductivity of a steel, to a tool steel, in particular hot-work tool steel, and to a use of a tool steel. Moreover, the present invention relates to a steel article.
  • Hot working steels are alloyed tool steels, which in addition to iron as alloying elements in particular contain carbon, chromium, tungsten, silicon, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, vanadium and cobalt with different proportions.
  • Hot work tool steels may be used to make hot work steel objects, such as tools, which are suitable for machining materials, in particular die casting, extrusion or die forging.
  • tools such as extrusion dies, forging tools, die casting dies, press dies, or the like, which must have special mechanical strength properties at high working temperatures.
  • Another field of application for hot working steels are tools for the injection molding of plastics.
  • Hot work tools which are made of a hot-work steel, must in addition to a high mechanical stability at higher
  • Working temperatures have good thermal conductivity and a high heat wear resistance.
  • Other important properties of hot-work steels are not only a sufficient hardness and strength but also a high hot hardness and high wear resistance at high working temperatures.
  • a high thermal conductivity of the used for the production of tools hot-work steel is for some applications of particular importance, as this can cause a significant cycle time reduction. Since the operation of hot forming devices for the
  • Hot forming of workpieces is relatively expensive, can be achieved by reducing the cycle times a significant cost savings.
  • a high thermal conductivity of hot-work steel is also advantageous in high-pressure casting, since the casting molds used there due to a greatly increased thermal
  • the tool steels commonly used to make tools typically have a thermal conductivity on the order of about 18 to 24 W / mK at room temperature.
  • the thermal conductivities of the hot working steels known from the prior art are about 16 to 37 W / mK.
  • a hot-work tool steel which has a comparatively high thermal conductivity of more than 35 W / mK at temperatures up to about 1 .100 0 C.
  • the one from this one Document known hot-work tool steel contains in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities:
  • Chromium is a comparatively inexpensive carbide former and also provides the hot work tool steel with good oxidation resistance. Further, chromium forms very thin secondary carbides, so that the mechanical strength to toughness ratio is very good in the conventional hot working tool steels.
  • German patent DE 1014577 B1 discloses a method for the production of hot working tools using a hardening steel alloy. This patent relates in particular to a process for the production of thermosetting hot working tools, in particular dies for the operation
  • Hot forging, with high crack and break strength and high yield strength under static compressive stress in the heat are also distinguished by a simple, relatively inexpensive chemical composition (0.15-0.30% C, 3.25%).
  • CH 481222 refers to a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloyed hot work tool steel with good cold insensitivity for making tools such as dies and dies. It should be noted that the tuning of the alloying elements - especially chromium (1.00 to 3.50% Cr),
  • Molybdenum (0.50 to 2.00% Mo) and vanadium (0, 10 to 0.30% V) - a decisive influence on the desired properties, such as a low heat resistance (55 kp / mm 2 ), good flow properties , good thermal conductivity and so on.
  • Japanese Patent JP 4147706 is concerned with improving the wear resistance of mandrels for the production of seamless steel tubes by the geometry of the mandrel and by the chemical composition of the alloy (0, 1 to 0.4% C, 0.2 to 2.0% Mn, 0 to 0.95% Cr, 0.5 to 5.0% Mo, 0.5 to 5.0% W).
  • Japanese publication JP 2004183008 describes a low-cost ferritic-pearlitic steel alloy of tools
  • the steel described in JP 2003253383 includes a precured tool steel for plastic casting with ferrite-pearlitic basic structure (0, 1 to 0, 3% C, 0.5 to 2.0% Mn, 0.2 to 2.5% Cr, 0 to 0, 15% Mo, 0.01 to 0.25% V), in which the excellent workability and weldability are in the foreground.
  • JP 9049067 a specification of the chemical composition (0.05 to 0.55% C, 0, 10 to 2.50% Mn, 0 to 3, 00% Cr, 0 to 1, 50% Mo, 0 to 0.50% V) and in particular the increase in the silicon content (0, 50 to 2 , 50% Si).
  • the document CH 165893 relates to an iron alloy, which is particularly suitable for hot working tools (dies, dies or the like) and a low-chromium (up to chromium-free) and tungsten-cobalt-nickel-containing (preferably with additions of molybdenum and vanadium) chemical composition having.
  • the reduced chromium content or the complete abandonment of chromium as an alloying element becomes essential
  • EP 0787813 B 1 is a heat-resistant, ferritic steel with a low Cr and Mn content and with an excellent strength at high Temperatures known.
  • the purpose of the invention disclosed in the aforementioned document was to provide a heat-resistant, low chromium ferritic steel having improved creep rupture strength under the conditions of long time periods at high temperatures as well as improved toughness, machinability and weldability even with thick products having.
  • the description of the alloying influences with respect to carbide formation (coarsening), precipitation and solid solution strengthening emphasizes the necessity of stabilizing the structure of the ferritic steel.
  • the reduction of the Cr content to less than 3.5% is attributed to the suppressed lowering of the creep rupture strength due to the coarsening of Cr carbides at temperatures above 550 ° C, and to the improvement of toughness, workability and thermal conductivity. At least
  • DE 19508947 A1 discloses a wear-resistant, temper-resistant and heat-resistant alloy.
  • this alloy is intended for use in hot work tools in hot forming and hot forming and is characterized by very high molybdenum contents (10 to 35%) and tungsten contents (20 to 50%).
  • very high molybdenum contents (10 to 35%)
  • tungsten contents (20 to 50%).
  • German patent DE 4321433 C1 relates to a steel for hot working tools, as used for the ur forming, forming and machining of materials (especially in die casting, extrusion, drop forging or as
  • the very good thermal conductivity is attributed, on the one hand, to the increased molybdenum content (3.5 to 7.0% Mo) and, on the other hand, to a maximum chromium content of 4.0%.
  • JP 61030654 relates to the use of a high-steel steel
  • Hot cracking and hot break strength as well as high thermal conductivity as a material for the production of coatings for rolls in aluminum continuous casting plants. Again, the opposite tendencies in influencing the hot crack or hot break strength and the thermal conductivity by the ie
  • EP 1300482 B 1 relates to a hot work tool steel, in particular for tools for forming at elevated temperatures, with the simultaneous occurrence of the properties: increased hardness, strength and toughness and good thermal conductivity, improved wear resistance at elevated temperatures and
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a tool steel, in particular a hot-work tool steel, and to provide a steel article having a higher thermal conductivity than the tool steels known from the prior art (in particular hot-work tool steels) or steel articles.
  • the object of the present invention is based on a tool steel (in particular hot-work tool steel) with the
  • an inventive method for adjusting the thermal conductivity of a steel, in particular a hot-work steel characterized in that an inner structure of the structure defined steel is generated metallurgically, the carbide components have a defined electron and phonon density and / or their crystal structure by a specifically generated lattice defects have certain mean free path for the phonon and electron flow.
  • An advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the thermal conductivity of a steel can be tailored to the desired size by defining the internal structure of the steel in the manner defined above metallurgically is produced .
  • the method according to the invention is suitable, for example, for tool and hot-work tool steels.
  • a method according to the invention for adjusting, in particular for increasing the thermal conductivity of a steel, in particular a hot-work tool characterized in that a defined internal structure of the steel is generated metallu rgisch having an increased electron and phonon density in their carbide components and / or having a reduced defect content in the crystal structure of the carbides and the surrounding metallic matrix has an increased mean free path for the phonon and electron flow.
  • the heat conductivity of the steel at room temperature can be set to more than 42 W / mK, preferably to more than 48 W / mK, in particular to more than 55 W / mK.
  • a tool steel according to the invention in particular hot-work steel, is characterized by the following
  • a tool steel according to the invention in particular hot-work steel, is characterized by the following composition:
  • a further tool steel according to the invention is characterized by the following composition:
  • Wt .-% is; Carbide-forming elements Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta with a
  • the particular advantage of the tool steels according to the invention consists primarily in the drastically increased thermal conductivity in comparison to the tool and hot working steels known from the prior art. It is clear that the tool steel according to the invention in addition to iron as the main component the elements C (or C and N according to claim 5 and C, N and B according to claim 6), Cr, Mo and W in the above-mentioned ranges and unavoidable impurities.
  • the other alloying elements are thus optional components of the tool steel, since their content may possibly also be 0% by weight.
  • An essential aspect of the solution described here is to keep carbon and preferably also chromium in the solid solution state largely out of the steel matrix and to prevent the F ⁇ 3C-
  • Carbides replaced by carbides with higher thermal conductivity Chromium can only be kept out of the matrix by not being present at all. Carbon can be bound in particular with carbide formers, where Mo and W are the most cost-effective elements and have a comparatively high thermal conductivity both as elements and as carbides.
  • Quantum mechanical simulation models for tool steels and in particular for hot working steels can show that solid state carbon and chromium lead to matrix distortion, resulting in a shortening of the mean free path of phonons. A larger elastic modulus and a higher thermal expansion coefficient are the result.
  • the influence of carbon on electron and phonon scattering has also been investigated using suitable simulation models.
  • the advantages of a carbon-chromium-depleted matrix could be verified by increasing the thermal conductivity. While the thermal conductivity of the matrix is dominated by electron flow, the conductivity of the carbides is determined by the phonons. In the solid solution state, chromium has a very negative effect on the thermal conductivity achieved by electron flow.
  • the tool steels according to the invention (in particular hot working steels) according to claims 4, 5 and 6 can have a thermal conductivity at room temperature of more than 42 W / mK, preferably a thermal conductivity of more than 48 W / mK, in particular a thermal conductivity of more than 55 W / mK , Surprisingly, it has been found that thermal conductivities in the order of more than 50, in particular about 55 to 60 W / mK and even beyond can be achieved.
  • the thermal conductivity of the hot work steel according to the invention can thus be almost twice as large as in the known from the prior art hot working steels.
  • the steel described here is particularly suitable for applications in which a high thermal conductivity is required. In the drastically improved thermal conductivity thus there is the particular advantage of the tool steel according to the invention over the solutions known from the prior art.
  • the thermal conductivity of the tool steel is adjustable by a method according to one of claims 1 to 3.
  • the thermal conductivity of the tool steel can be specifically adapted and adjusted to the specific application.
  • the tool steel may comprise the carbide-forming elements Ti, Zr,
  • Hf, Nb, Ta in a proportion of up to 3 wt .-% individually or in total.
  • the elements Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta are known in metallurgy as strong carbide formers. It has been found that strong carbide images have a positive effect in terms of increasing the thermal conductivity of the tool steel, as they have a better ability to remove carbon in the solid solution state from the matrix. Carbides with a high Thermal conductivity can further increase the conductivity of the tool steel. It is known from metallurgy that the following elements are carbide formers, the carbon affinity of which is listed below in ascending order: Cr, W, Mo, V, Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf.
  • the tool steel may contain the alloying element vanadium at a level of up to 4% by weight.
  • vanadium accounts for fine carbide networks.
  • numerous mechanical properties of the tool steel can be improved for some applications. Vanadium is not only distinguished by its higher carbon affinity compared to molybdenum, but also has the advantage that its
  • vanadium is a relatively inexpensive element.
  • a disadvantage of vanadium over molybdenum is that the vanadium remaining in the solid solution state has a comparatively much greater negative effect on the thermal conductivity of the
  • the tool steel exercises. For this reason, it is not advantageous to alloy the tool steel with vanadium alone.
  • the tool steel may contain one or more elements for solid solution hardening, in particular Co, Ni, Si and / or Mn.
  • the tool steel Mn has a content of up to 2% by weight.
  • the tool steel may have Co with a content of up to 3% by weight, preferably with a content of up to 2% by weight.
  • the hot working steel has Si content of up to 1.6% by weight.
  • the tool steel may optionally contain sulfur S at a level of up to 1% by weight.
  • the area proportions of the carbides A c and the matrix material A m to be quantified are referred to as primary carbides 1 and the small-area carbides as secondary carbides 2.
  • the matrix material shown in the background is denoted by reference numeral 3 in FIG.
  • the surface area of the entire surface A tot of the tool steel can be determined to a good approximation according to the following equation:
  • Atot A m + A c
  • ⁇ m is the thermal conductivity of the matrix material 3 and ⁇ c is the thermal conductivity of the carbides 1, 2.
  • This formulation undoubtedly represents a simplified system vision, but quite suitable for the phenomenological understanding of the present invention.
  • ⁇ ⁇ nt ⁇ m + f c * ⁇ .nt * (3 * ( ⁇ c - ⁇ m ) / (2 * ⁇ int + ⁇ c )
  • f c describes the volume fraction of Karbidel, 2.
  • the volume fraction of the carbides f c ultimately decides which of the two heat conductivities ⁇ c and ⁇ m is more relevant.
  • the amount of carbides is ultimately defined by the application-specific mechanical resistance requirements and in particular the wear resistance of the tool steel.
  • hot sheet forming which also includes the conceptual variants of press hardening and mold hardening, the tools are subject to high stress due to contact-bound
  • the ultimate goal is to maximize the thermal conductivity of all system components.
  • the application-specific design specifications for the carbide development result in a weighting of the influence of the thermal conductivities of the system components on the integral thermal conductivity of the overall system. Even this approach differs drastically from the prior art, in which the thermal conductivity is always regarded as an integral physical material property.
  • Molybdenum and tungsten are and that as a result of already low levels of chromium dissolved in these carbides due to the extension of the mean free path of the phonons by the resulting disturbances in the crystal structure of the pure carbides, the heat transfer properties are adversely affected.
  • Alloy element - inevitably leads to a reduction in thermal conductivity.
  • pure iron has a thermal conductivity of 80 W / mK
  • slightly contaminated iron already has a thermal conductivity of less than 70 W / mK.
  • carbon 0.25% by volume
  • Alloy elements such as manganese (0.08 volume percent), lead to a thermal conductivity of just 60 W / mK in steel.
  • Example W6C or Mo3C I n Recent research has found that even very small additions of chromium to even Such carbides lead to significant disturbances of the crystal lattice structure and thus lead to a d rastischen extension of the mean free path for the phonon flux. The result is a reduction in thermal conductivity. This leads to the clear conclusion that the greatest possible reduction in the
  • Chromium content leads to an improvement in the thermal conductivity of the tool steel.
  • molybdenum and tungsten should be considered as preferred carbide formers. Molybdenum is in this
  • Carbide former is as tungsten. The effect of depletion of
  • Molybdenum in the matrix causes an improved
  • Electron conductivity in the matrix contributes to a further improvement of the integral thermal conductivity of the entire system.
  • liquid aluminum itself provides adequate corrosion protection.
  • the surface edge layers of the tools that are nitrided for wear protection In the area of hot sheet metal forming, it is the surface edge layers of the tools that are nitrided for wear protection.
  • Corrosion-protecting lubricants as well as coolants and release agents also play their part in corrosion protection. additionally For example, very thin protective layers can be applied by electroplating or by vacuum coating.
  • the higher thermal conductivity of the tools produced from the tool steels according to the invention allows, for example, a reduction in the cycle times during the machining / production of workpieces.
  • Another advantage is a significant reduction of the surface temperature of the tool as well as the reduction of the
  • the remaining mechanical and / or thermal properties of the tool steels according to the invention could either be improved or at least remain unchanged in comparison with the tool steels known from the prior art.
  • the modulus of elasticity could be reduced; the density of the tool steels according to the invention (in particular hot-work steels) could be increased in comparison to conventional ones Hot working steels increased and the thermal expansion coefficient could be reduced.
  • further improvements can be achieved, such as increased mechanical strength at high temperatures or increased wear resistance.
  • the tool steel has less than 1.5% by weight of Cr, preferably less than 1% by weight of Cr. It is in a particularly preferred embodiment, the possibility that the tool steel less than
  • Tool steel is preferred at the two intervals of greater than 0.4 weight percent but less than 1 weight percent, as well as greater than 1 weight percent and less than 2 weight percent.
  • oxidation resistance of the tool steel hot working steel
  • a balance of the oxidation resistance of the tool steel plays a major role, for example, a balance of the
  • the molybdenum content of the tool steel is from 0.5 to 7% by weight, in particular from 1 to 7% by weight.
  • molybdenum has a comparatively high carbon affinity.
  • molybdenum carbides have a higher thermal conductivity than iron and chromium carbides.
  • the adverse effect of molybdenum in the solid solution state on the thermal conductivity of the tool steel compared to chromium in the solid solution state is considerably lower.
  • molybdenum is one of those carbide formers suitable for a large number of applications.
  • other carbide formers are smaller ones
  • Molybdenum can be replaced by tungsten in many applications.
  • the carbon affinity of tungsten is slightly lower and the thermal conductivity of tungsten carbide is considerably larger.
  • one or more of the elements Cu, P, Bi, Ca, As, Sn or Pb may contain up to 1% by weight individually or in total.
  • Cu in particular is another suitable element for solid solution hardening, so that at least a small proportion of Cu in the alloy may optionally be advantageous.
  • S which may optionally be present with a content of at most 1 wt .-%, also the elements Ca, Bi or As can simplify the workability of the tool steel.
  • the methods by which the tool steels presented here (in particular hot-work steels) are also produced play an important role in its thermal and mechanical properties.
  • the mechanical and / or thermal properties of the tool steel can thus be selectively varied and thereby adapted to the respective intended use.
  • the tool steels described in the context of the present invention can be produced, for example, by powder metallurgy (hot isostatic pressing). There is also the possibility, for example, of a tool steel according to the invention
  • VAR Vacuum Are Remelting
  • AOD argon Oxygen Decarburation
  • ESR engl.
  • a tool steel according to the invention can be produced, for example, by sand or Feingu ß. It can be by hot pressing or another powder metallurgical process
  • the steel developed in the context of the present invention can also be used as a filler metal (for example in powder form for laser welding, as rod or profile for metal inert gas welding (MIG welding), metal active gas welding (MAG welding), tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding) or for welding with coated electrodes).
  • MIG welding metal inert gas welding
  • MAG welding metal active gas welding
  • TOG welding tungsten inert gas welding
  • Characteristics of claim 25 and consists at least partially of a tool steel, in particular of a hot-work tool steel, according to one of claims 4 to 23.
  • the steel article in this embodiment can be made entirely of a tool steel, in particular a hot-work tool, according to one of claims 4 to 23.
  • the steel article has an at least partially changing thermal conductivity.
  • the steel article at room temperature at least partially a thermal conductivity of more than 42 W / mK, preferably a
  • the steel article may at room temperature over its entire volume, a thermal conductivity of more than 42 W / mK, preferably a thermal conductivity of more than 48 W / mK, in particular have a thermal conductivity of more than 55 W / mK.
  • the steel article may, in advantageous embodiments, be, for example, a forming tool in processes of pressure forming, shear forming, or bend forming metals, preferably in forging processes, drop forging processes, thixo forging processes, extrusion processes, extrusion processes, die bending processes, roll forming processes, or in flat, profile, and cast roll processes ,
  • the steel article may, in further advantageous embodiments, be a forming tool in processes of draw-forming and tensile-forming of metals, preferably in press-hardening processes, form-hardening processes, deep-drawing processes, stretch-drawing processes and neck-pulling processes.
  • the steel article may be a forming tool in processes of forming metallic starting materials, preferably in die casting processes, vacuum die casting processes,
  • the steel article may become a shaping tool in processes of primary molding of polymeric material
  • the steel article may be a component for machines and plants for power generation and energy conversion, preferably for internal combustion engines, reactors, heat exchangers and generators.
  • the steel object is a component for machines and plants of chemical engineering, preferably for chemical reactors.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematically greatly simplified contour representation of a carbide structure in the microstructural cross section of a typical tool steel
  • Fig. 2 shows the abrasion resistance of two samples (F 1 and F5) of a
  • Hot work steel according to the present invention in comparison with conventional tool steels
  • Fig. 5 is an illustration of the heat dissipation achieved in a two-sided contact with two tool steel plates heat dissipation in a preheated workpiece.
  • the hot-work steel contains unavoidable impurities and iron as its main component.
  • the hot-work steel contains unavoidable impurities and iron as its main component.
  • Hot work steel strong carbide formers such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, containing up to 3 wt .-% individually or in total.
  • the abrasion resistance of the tool made of hot-work steel plays a particularly important role.
  • the volume of the primary carbides formed should therefore be as large as possible.
  • Aluminum die casting is a very important market today, in which the properties of the hot working tool used to make the tools play an important role in competitiveness.
  • the mechanical properties at high temperatures of the hot working steel used to produce a die casting tool are of particular importance here.
  • the advantage of increased thermal conductivity is particularly important, since not only is it possible to reduce the cycle time, but also the surface temperature of the cycle
  • wt .-% 0 to 6 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 2.5 wt .-% W; wherein the content of Mo and W in the sum is 3.2 to 5.5% by weight; 0 to 1, 5 wt .-%, in particular 0 to 1 wt .-% V.
  • the hot working steel contains iron (as a main component) and inevitable impurities.
  • the hot work tool steel may contain strong carbide formers, such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, at a level of up to 3 weight percent, singly or in total.
  • carbide formers such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta
  • Cr and V with additions of Mo and W are the preferred elements to replace Fe 3 C.
  • Cr is also replaced by Mo and / or W.
  • W and / or Mo can also be used.
  • stronger carbide formers such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb or Ta can also be used.
  • the choice of carbide formers and their proportions in turn depend on the specific application and requirements with respect to the thermal and / or mechanical properties of the tool made from the hot work tool steel.
  • 0.25 to 0.4% by weight C less than 2% by weight, especially less than 1% by weight Cr; 0 to 5 wt .-%, in particular 2.5 to 4.5 wt .-% Mo; 0 to 5 wt .-%, in particular 0 to 3 wt .-% W; wherein the content of Mo and W in the sum of 3 to 5.2 wt .-% is; 0 to 1 wt .-%, in particular 0 to 0.6 wt .-% V.
  • the hot-work steel contains unavoidable impurities and iron as its main component.
  • the hot work tool steel may include strong carbide formers, such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, individually or in the amount up to 3% by weight Sum. A greater toughness of the hot work steel is required in this application, so that primary carbides should be suppressed as completely as possible and thus stable carbide formers are more advantageous.
  • the hot-work tool steel contains iron as the main ingredient and inevitable impurities.
  • the hot work tool steel may have strong carbide formers, such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, at a level of up to 3% by weight singly or in total.
  • the proportion of vanadium should be kept as low as possible.
  • the vanadium content of the hot work tool steel may be less than 1% by weight and more preferably less than 0.5% by weight, and in a most preferred embodiment less than 0.25% by weight.
  • hot work tool steel having the following composition for producing a corresponding tool:
  • the hot working steel contains iron as the main component and inevitable impurities.
  • the hot work tool steel may have strong carbide formers, such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, at a level of up to 3 percent by weight, singly or in total.
  • the hot-work steel in this example can contain elements for solid solution strengthening, in particular Co, but also Ni, Si, Cu and Mn.
  • elements for solid solution strengthening in particular Co, but also Ni, Si, Cu and Mn.
  • a content of up to 6% by weight of Co has proven to be advantageous in order to improve the high-temperature strength of the tool.
  • thermoelastic characteristics of five exemplary samples are one
  • Hot work steel according to the present invention compared to conventional tool steels shown.
  • the hot working steels have a higher density than the known tool steels.
  • the results show that the thermal conductivity of the samples of the hot-work steel according to the invention is increased elastically in comparison to the conventional tool steels d.
  • Table 2 shows the mechanical properties of two hot work steel samples (samples F 1 and F5) according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the abrasion resistance of two samples (F1 and F5) of a hot work tool compared to conventional tool steels.
  • the abrasion resistance was determined by means of a pin, which was made of the corresponding steel, and a disk of a USIBOR-1 500P sheet.
  • the sample “1 .2344” is the reference sample (abrasion resistance: 100%), so a material with an abrasion resistance of 200% is twice as high
  • LFA Laser Flash Technique
  • the thermal conductivity ⁇ can then be determined on the basis of
  • FIG. 3 shows the dependence of the thermal conductivity on the percentage by weight of chromium determined by this method for a selection of tool steels of the chemical composition identified in FIG. 3 with FC or FC + xCr.
  • the composition differs above all in the percentage by weight of the alloying element chromium.
  • These steels additionally have a high resistance to abrasive and adhesive wear due to a comparatively large volume fraction of primary carbides over the possible adjustment of desired thermal conduction properties according to the present invention and are therefore suitable for high mechanical stresses, as typically occur in hot forming processes.
  • Alloy element chrome are particularly suitable for use in die-casting processes, since they are characterized by a comparatively small proportion of primary carbides.
  • Table 5 summarizes the chemical composition of a tool steel F according to the invention for the comparative investigation of the process behavior.
  • Preheat stored heat can be detected via a pyrometric temperature measurement.
  • the results of Pyrometric temperature measurements are summarized in FIG.
  • Composition the present invention also includes the aspect of fine adjustment by a defined heat treatment.
  • Table 6 shows by way of example the influence of different heat treatment conditions for the alloy variants F with the chemical composition summarized in Table 5 and FC with the chemical composition summarized in Table 3 on the resulting thermal conductivity.
  • the reason for the varying thermal conductivity depending on the heat treatment is the resulting volume fraction of carbides and their changed distribution and morphology.
  • the weight fraction of carbon including the carbon equivalent components N and B should be adjusted so that as little carbon in the matrix remains in solution.
  • xCeq weight percent carbon equivalent (as defined above); xMo - weight percent molybdenum; xW - weight percent tungsten; xV - weight percent vanadium;
  • AMo - atomic mass of molybdenum (95.94 u); AW - atomic mass tungsten (183.84 u);
  • the amount of HC should be advantageously between 0.03 and 0.165.
  • the amount of HC may also be between 0.05 and 0.158, in particular between 0.09 and 0.1.5.
  • Thermal conductivity or a defined adjusted profile of varying thermal conductivities has a positive effect on the application behavior of the tool used and on the properties of the products produced therewith.
  • a steel having a well-defined thermal conductivity can be obtained.
  • a steel object which consists at least partly of one of the tool steels (hot working steels) presented here, with a volume-changing thermal conductivity.
  • It can be any procedure that has a Variation of the chemical composition within the steel article, such as sintering of powder mixtures, local sintering or local melting or so-called “rapid-tooling” method or “rapid-prototyping” method or a combination of "rapid-tooling”
  • hot sheet metal forming press hardening, tempering
  • light metal die casting there are generally tool and forming metal casting processes, plastic injection molding and massive forming processes, in particular hot massive forming (for example forging, extrusion, extrusion, rolling), the preferred application areas represent for the hot working steels according to the invention.
  • the steels presented here represent ideal conditions for their use in the production of cylinder liners in internal combustion engines, for cutting tools or brake discs.
  • Table 7 lists, in addition to the alloy variants already listed in Tables 3 and 4, further exemplary embodiments of tool steels according to the invention (hot working steels).
  • FZ forming of copper and copper alloys (including brass); FW: die casting of copper and copper alloys; (including brass) and higher melting metal alloys; FV: transformation of copper and copper alloys (including brass); FAW: die casting of copper and copper alloys; (including
  • FA Mod i Die casting of large volume components made of copper and copper alloys (including brass) and aluminum; FA Mod2: forming of aluminum; FC Mod i: hot sheet metal forming (press hardening, form hardening) with high wear resistance;
  • FC Mod2 hot sheet metal forming (press hardening, tempering) with high wear resistance.

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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un acier à outils, notamment un acier pour travail à chaud, de composition suivante : 0,26 à 0,55 % en poids de C ; < 2 % en poids de Cr ; 0 à 10 % en poids de Mo ; 0 à 15 % en poids de W ; la somme des teneurs en W et Mo étant comprise entre 1,8 et 15 % en poids ; éléments formant des carbures Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta en une teneur de 0 à 3 % en poids seuls ou en combinaison ; 0 à 4 % en poids de V ; 0 à 6 % en poids de Co ; 0 à 1,6 % en poids de Si ; 0 à 2 % en poids de Mn ; 0 à 2,99 % en poids de Ni ; 0 à 1 % en poids de S ; le reste étant du fer et d'inévitables impuretés. L'acier pour travail à chaud présente une conductivité thermique considérablement plus élevée que les aciers à outils connus.
EP07764595A 2006-08-09 2007-06-08 Procédé d'ajustement de la conductivité thermique d'un acier, acier à outils, notamment acier à outils pour travail à chaud et article en acier Ceased EP2052095A1 (fr)

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EP17151574.5A EP3228724B1 (fr) 2006-08-09 2007-06-08 Acier à outil, en particulier pour travail à chaud et objet en acier
EP07764595A EP2052095A1 (fr) 2006-08-09 2007-06-08 Procédé d'ajustement de la conductivité thermique d'un acier, acier à outils, notamment acier à outils pour travail à chaud et article en acier

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EP06118672A EP1887096A1 (fr) 2006-08-09 2006-08-09 Acier pour travail à chaud
PCT/EP2007/005091 WO2008017341A1 (fr) 2006-08-09 2007-06-08 Procédé d'ajustement de la conductivité thermique d'un acier, acier à outils, notamment acier à outils pour travail à chaud et article en acier
EP07764595A EP2052095A1 (fr) 2006-08-09 2007-06-08 Procédé d'ajustement de la conductivité thermique d'un acier, acier à outils, notamment acier à outils pour travail à chaud et article en acier

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EP07764595A Ceased EP2052095A1 (fr) 2006-08-09 2007-06-08 Procédé d'ajustement de la conductivité thermique d'un acier, acier à outils, notamment acier à outils pour travail à chaud et article en acier
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AU (1) AU2007283164B2 (fr)
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EP1887096A1 (fr) 2008-02-13
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KR20090038030A (ko) 2009-04-17
CA2981388C (fr) 2020-02-11
JP5518475B2 (ja) 2014-06-11
BRPI0716490A2 (pt) 2015-03-10
CA2981388A1 (fr) 2008-02-14
US9689061B2 (en) 2017-06-27
CN102888563A (zh) 2013-01-23
US20170268084A1 (en) 2017-09-21
PT3228724T (pt) 2022-11-10
US20140023551A1 (en) 2014-01-23
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JP2016156088A (ja) 2016-09-01
RU2469120C2 (ru) 2012-12-10
CA2659849C (fr) 2017-11-21
KR20160047582A (ko) 2016-05-02
WO2008017341A1 (fr) 2008-02-14
US20100189592A1 (en) 2010-07-29
PL3228724T3 (pl) 2022-12-19
EP3228724A1 (fr) 2017-10-11
ES2929658T3 (es) 2022-11-30
CN102888563B (zh) 2016-03-30
EP3228724B1 (fr) 2022-08-10
JP2014111835A (ja) 2014-06-19
AU2007283164B2 (en) 2012-02-16
KR101659704B1 (ko) 2016-09-26
CN101512034A (zh) 2009-08-19
US8557056B2 (en) 2013-10-15
RU2009108335A (ru) 2010-09-20
ZA200900495B (en) 2009-11-25
JP2015221941A (ja) 2015-12-10
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