EP2535430B1 - Acier à outil pour outils de formage à chaud plus sollicités et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Acier à outil pour outils de formage à chaud plus sollicités et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2535430B1
EP2535430B1 EP11008259.1A EP11008259A EP2535430B1 EP 2535430 B1 EP2535430 B1 EP 2535430B1 EP 11008259 A EP11008259 A EP 11008259A EP 2535430 B1 EP2535430 B1 EP 2535430B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
steel
tool steel
hot
tool
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11008259.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2535430A2 (fr
EP2535430A3 (fr
Inventor
Frank Dr. Hippenstiel
Peter Vetter
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Buderus Edelstahl GmbH
Original Assignee
Buderus Edelstahl GmbH
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Application filed by Buderus Edelstahl GmbH filed Critical Buderus Edelstahl GmbH
Priority to SI201131649T priority Critical patent/SI2535430T1/sl
Priority to PL11008259T priority patent/PL2535430T3/pl
Priority to EP11008259.1A priority patent/EP2535430B1/fr
Publication of EP2535430A2 publication Critical patent/EP2535430A2/fr
Publication of EP2535430A3 publication Critical patent/EP2535430A3/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tool steel for more highly stressed hot forming tools and a method for its production.
  • Hot working steels are alloyed steels for applications in which the surface temperature of the tools is generally above 200 ° C.
  • the steel group is alloyed to set the required hot hardness and tempering resistance with correspondingly high levels of alloying elements, preferably chromium, molybdenum and vanadium (CrMoV steels).
  • alloying elements preferably chromium, molybdenum and vanadium (CrMoV steels).
  • Certain types of steel contain nickel as the preferred alloying element.
  • the carbon contents of the hot-working steels are between 0.30 and 0.55 mass%.
  • Hot work tool steels are used for all tools of non-cutting forming of metals and other materials at elevated temperatures.
  • Ur- and forming processes at elevated temperatures include die casting, forging and extrusion.
  • glass processing, rolling, hot extrusion and the so-called press hardening of high-strength body components are also to be mentioned.
  • the hot working steels used today are standardized in DIN EN ISO 4 957 and can be seen in Table 1 .
  • Table 1 secondary hardening chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steels are commonly used.
  • the nickel-chromium-molybdenum and nickel-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steels as well as the tungsten-chromium-cobalt-vanadium steels form two further groups.
  • Table 2 provides an overview of the common hot-work steel grades according to the steel-iron list.
  • the secondary hardening chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steels are preferably used in the die-casting and extrusion of light metal as well as for heavy-duty forging press tools for the drop forging of steel. Due to the required tempering and wear resistance, a corresponding alloy is used, as a rule with chromium contents of 5.0% by mass and about 1.0% by mass of molybdenum and 0.5 to 1.0% by mass of vanadium. Since these elements tend to carbide, precipitates are formed in the compensation structure, which ensure the required properties, but reduce the toughness of the material.
  • One approach to increase the toughness of these materials has heretofore been to improve carbide formation in size and distribution in the steel matrix. For this purpose, corresponding changes in the manufacturing process were made.
  • the group of nickel-chromium-molybdenum and nickel-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steels are preferably used for dynamically stressed, crack-sensitive forging tools for drop forging.
  • the reason is mainly the relatively good toughness, which is mainly due to the nickel content.
  • a tempering resistance in the temperature range between 350 and 600 ° C is missing, here the hardness drops significantly. Therefore, it is to be expected during use with a correspondingly higher wear, which causes higher tooling costs.
  • the tungsten-chromium-cobalt-vanadium steels are rarely used for standard applications due to the very high production costs. Therefore, the use is limited only to applications where a much higher thermal stability compared to the chromium-molybdenum-vanadium hot working steels is required. When using this steel group, it should be noted that in some cases the toughness behavior is lower than with the chromium-molybdenum-vanadium hot-work steels.
  • EP 1 887 096 A1 Also, a hot work tool steel is described wherein an alloy composition has been developed which substantially provides for the reduction of chromium and the other carbide forming elements (such as molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium) are alloyed according to the application requirements according to wear requirements.
  • chromium and the other carbide forming elements such as molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium
  • the carbon content is adjusted in conjunction with the manganese content, the nickel content, the chromium content, the molybdenum content, with an additional relationship between boron, aluminum, titanium, cykon and nitrogen.
  • a hot-work steel wherein the hot-working steel is to be used for press forging and contains carbon in addition to relatively high levels of silicon and manganese and also tungsten and molybdenum, as well as banadium and niobium.
  • the chemical composition is intended to ensure that the number of carbides remaining at a tempering temperature higher than that of conventional steels is reduced in order to prevent crystallization of the carbides and to ensure high temperature resistance. For grain refinement niobium is added.
  • FIG. 4 shows the development task with regard to tempering resistance, which is regarded as a measure of the heat resistance.
  • the required resource efficiency essentially relates to the alloying costs.
  • the indispensable material properties should be set with as few noble alloying elements as possible.
  • the manufacturing process is to be coordinated so that the material by a high metallurgical purity, Seigerungsarmut and the ability to later surface refinement -by z. As welding and / or thermal coating -austician.
  • the tool steel according to the invention for higher-strain forming tools has the following composition: Carbon: 0.28 to 0.40 mass%, Silicon: 0.03 to 0.50 mass%, Manganese: 0.03 to 0.70 mass%, Chrome: 2.00 to 3.5 mass%, Nickel: 0.30 to 1.00 mass%, Molybdenum: 0.60 to 1.60 mass%, vanadium: 0.15 to 0.35 mass%, Tungsten: 0.001 to 1.00 mass%, Niobium: 0.01 to 0.10 mass% as well a residue of iron and common impurities, the steel having a fine-grained tough structure, the composition satisfying the following condition: 9.5 ⁇ % C ⁇ 10 + % V ⁇ 5 + % Not a word ⁇ 3 + % W ⁇ 2 + % CR + % Nb ⁇ 3 ⁇ 16
  • niobium and / or titanium can be added.
  • the proposed alloy composition results in an excellent combination of high heat resistance and toughness in the tempered state.
  • With the intended carbon content of 0.28 to 0.40 mass% it is possible to achieve tempering strengths in the strength range of 1400 to 1600 MPa, which is usual for chromium-molybdenum-vanadium hot-work steels.
  • the other alloying elements were chosen to ensure very good hot strength.
  • To improve the toughness compared with the known hot-work steels the chromium content and also the vanadium content were markedly lowered. As a result, the number of carbides in the charge structure has been somewhat reduced.
  • the toughness potential of the invention-appropriate Composition can be increased.
  • the marginal reduction in wear resistance was compensated for by the targeted addition of niobium.
  • niobium has the advantage that during the quenching or heat treatment necessary for dissolving possible grain boundary carbides, possible grain growth is prevented. Therefore, correspondingly higher Austenitizing temperatures can be used, as is the case with comparable steels.
  • the hot-working steel according to the invention is clearly superior to the known hot-work steels with the same strength situation.
  • ISO-V specimens yield about 20 percent higher impact energy than conventional CrMoV and NiCrMoV hot work steels.
  • the very good material properties could be proven in laboratory tests, which are to determine the wear of hot working tools under operating conditions, by unusually high lifetime statistics.
  • the inventive method for producing a tool steel provides that the crude steel is produced in an electric arc furnace or LD converter with subsequent secondary metallurgical treatment of the melt in the ladle furnace and / or degassing, wherein as a deoxidation Si, Al, carbon and / or Diffusiondeoxididation is selected, wherein after the secondary metallurgical treatment of the tool steel in the strand or block casting process to a slab (or billets), a billet or ingot is poured, wherein the solidification cross section is matched to the later dimension of the tool steel block and the molded Tool steel is subjected to a homogenization treatment at about 1250 to 1300 ° C for a period of at least 24 hours.
  • the crude steel is produced in an electric arc furnace or LD converter with subsequent secondary metallurgical treatment of the melt in the ladle furnace and / or degassing.
  • deoxidation process either a Si and / or Al and a diffusion or carbon deoxidation can be selected.
  • the use of secondary metallurgical measures for the formation of inclusions such.
  • introduction of calcium or the use of premelted top slags can be used to adjust the required level of purity.
  • the casting of the steel in the strand or block casting process to a slab (or billet) or billet or an ingot, the solidification cross section to be used is matched to the later dimension of the tool steel block and the selected hot forming process.
  • homogenizing treatment or diffusion annealing takes place at about 1250 to 1300 ° C. The duration depends on the size of the ingot, but is at least about 24 hours. Diffusion annealing is used to homogenize the chemical composition and minimize possible crystal segregation.
  • the subsequent hot forming takes place preferably by forging at temperatures of about 1200 to 850 ° C and with at least three times the degree of deformation.
  • the formed workpiece is austenitized after the subsequent cooling of the material at about 850 to 900 ° C and then about 50 to 100 hours at a temperature in the range of 680 to 710 ° C isothermal purpose Conversion held in the perlite. Subsequently, a fine structure treatment for setting a fine-grained structure with uniform carbide distribution.
  • the blanks for the hot working tools to be produced are machined out of the forging, if necessary machined according to the respective production drawings and then tempered.
  • the workpieces are preferably cooled to room temperature in air and then tempered to the desired endurance according to the tempering diagram.
  • at least two tempering takes place on a service hardness, usually a maximum of 4 6 HRc. After tempering, slow cooling to room temperature occurs to set a low stress material condition.
  • the new CrMoNiV steel is particularly suitable as hot-work steel due to its fine-grained, tough microstructure and the significantly higher thermal conductivity compared to the known CrMoV steels for all types of metal forming tools such as forging dies or hot sheet metal forming, but also for tools of light metal processing in the heated state such as B. die casting.
  • Figure 3 compares the main results of the material investigations of the steel according to the invention with the known hot working steels. It can be seen from the illustration that the steel according to the invention by no means resists the known CrMoV-alloyed hot-work steels, but in particular has better strength and toughness values in the temperature range between 500 and 600 ° C.
  • the higher toughness potential is particularly useful in the drop forging industry to avoid early die bridge, which makes it difficult to calculate forging processes or tool life in the case of fracture-prone, deep die engraving or even uneven mold temperatures. Calculable forging processes are, however, necessary for a reliable cost calculation as well as for an economical production of hot formed parts.
  • the steel according to the invention is characterized by a significantly better thermal conductivity, in particular compared to the known CrMoV steels, which is likewise reflected positively in the service properties.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Un acier à outils pour des outils de formage à chaud plus fortement sollicités ayant la composition suivante: carbone: 0,28 à 0,40% en masse, silicium: 0,03 à 0,50% en masse, manganèse: 0,03 à 0,70% en masse, chrome: 2,00 à 3,5% en masse, nickel: 0,30 à 1,00% masse, molybdène: 0,60 à 1,60% en masse, vanadium: 0,15 à 0,35% en masse, tungstène: 0,001 à 1,00% en masse, niobium: 0,01 à 0,10% en masse et
    un équilibre de fer et d'impuretés courantes, dans lequel l'acier a une structure dure à grains fins, dans lequel la composition répond à la condition suivante: 9, 5 ≤ % C x 10 + % V x 5 + % Mo x 3 + % W x 2 + % CR + % Nb x 3 ≤ 16.
  2. Un procédé pour la fabrication d'un acier à outils selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'acier brut est produit dans un four à arc ou convertisseur LD avec traitement métallurgique secondaire ultérieur de la masse fondue dans le four de poche et / ou dans des systèmes de dégazage, dans lequel en tant que procédé de désoxydation une désoxydation par Si, Al, carbone et / ou diffusion est choisie, dans lequel après le traitement métallurgique secondaire de l'acier dans le brin ou la lingotière, on verse une billette ou lingot dont la section transversale de solidification est adaptée à la dimension ultérieure du bloc d'acier à outils et l'acier à outils versé est soumis à un traitement d'homogénéisation à environ 1250 à 1300 °C pendant une période d'au moins 24 heures.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'acier à outil est soumis à un travail à chaud par forgeage à des températures d'environ 850 à 1200 °C avec un degré de déformation au moins triple.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la pièce formée est austénitisée après le refroidissement subséquent du matériau à environ 850 à 900 °C puis est détenu environ 50 à 100 heures à une température comprise entre 680 et 710 °C de façon isothermique pour la conversion dans le Perlite.
  5. Procédé de fabrication d'ébauches pour outils de travail à chaud à partir d'un acier d'outils selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4 avec une composition selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les ébauches formées à partir de l'acier d'outils sont recuites après usinage mécanique, dans lequel les pièces étant austénitisées à environ 850 à 950 °C sont durcies dans un milieu d'huile, de polymère ou d'eau ou les pièces à usiner sont durcies dans un bain de plomb ou de sel ou bien dans une simulation bain chaud dans le vide, dans lequel les pièces à usiner sont refroidies après trempe dans l'air jusqu'à la température ambiante et ensuite trempées selon le diagramme de revenu à la résistance opérationnelle désirée.
  6. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'acier coulé est soumis à un procédé de refusion au moyen d'ESU avant ou entre des étapes de travail à chaud.
  7. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le traitement d'homogénéisation / de recuit de diffusion de l'acier coulé est économisé par la refusion.
  8. Utilisation d'un acier d'outils selon la revendication 1 pour la production d'outils de formage à chaud.
  9. Utilisation d'un outil en acier selon la revendication 1 pour la fabrication d'un outil de moulage en plastique.
EP11008259.1A 2011-06-15 2011-10-07 Acier à outil pour outils de formage à chaud plus sollicités et son procédé de fabrication Active EP2535430B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201131649T SI2535430T1 (sl) 2011-06-15 2011-10-07 Orodno jeklo za visoko učinkovita orodja za toplotno oblikovanje in njihov proizvodnji proces
PL11008259T PL2535430T3 (pl) 2011-06-15 2011-10-07 Stal narzędziowa dla wysokosprawnych narzędzi do formowania na gorąco oraz sposób ich wytwarzania
EP11008259.1A EP2535430B1 (fr) 2011-06-15 2011-10-07 Acier à outil pour outils de formage à chaud plus sollicités et son procédé de fabrication

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11004855 2011-06-15
EP11006269 2011-06-25
EP11008259.1A EP2535430B1 (fr) 2011-06-15 2011-10-07 Acier à outil pour outils de formage à chaud plus sollicités et son procédé de fabrication

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2535430A2 EP2535430A2 (fr) 2012-12-19
EP2535430A3 EP2535430A3 (fr) 2014-03-05
EP2535430B1 true EP2535430B1 (fr) 2018-12-12

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EP11008259.1A Active EP2535430B1 (fr) 2011-06-15 2011-10-07 Acier à outil pour outils de formage à chaud plus sollicités et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP2535430B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2716421T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2535430T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2535430T (fr)
SI (1) SI2535430T1 (fr)

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CN103436767B (zh) * 2013-07-13 2015-11-25 瞿立双 一种耐磨铸钢件的制造方法
CN103642976B (zh) * 2013-11-22 2015-08-19 中原特钢股份有限公司 一种h13钢的冶炼工艺
CN106811585A (zh) * 2016-02-03 2017-06-09 江苏华威机械制造有限公司 一种大规格合金钢锻件微变形热处理晶粒细化工艺
CN109957639A (zh) * 2019-04-29 2019-07-02 北京勤泽鸿翔冶金科技有限公司 一种连铸坯的表面处理方法
CN112501382B (zh) * 2020-11-11 2022-03-25 建龙北满特殊钢有限责任公司 一种获得低网状碳化物的碳素工具钢的制备方法
CN116065087A (zh) * 2021-11-03 2023-05-05 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种高强高硬增强型耐磨钢及其制造方法

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JPH03134135A (ja) * 1989-10-18 1991-06-07 Hitachi Metals Ltd 熱間加工用工具鋼
JP2784128B2 (ja) * 1993-02-08 1998-08-06 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 析出硬化型熱間工具鋼
JPH07272271A (ja) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-20 Kao Corp 転写装置
JP3461945B2 (ja) * 1994-12-26 2003-10-27 株式会社日本製鋼所 高低圧一体型タービンロータの製造方法
DE19531260C5 (de) 1995-08-25 2006-06-22 Edelstahlwerke Buderus Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Warmarbeitsstahls
JP3566162B2 (ja) * 1999-12-24 2004-09-15 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 溶接性に優れた熱間工具鋼
JP4031603B2 (ja) * 2000-02-08 2008-01-09 三菱重工業株式会社 高低圧一体型タービンロータ及びその製造方法
FR2838138B1 (fr) * 2002-04-03 2005-04-22 Usinor Acier pour la fabrication de moules d'injection de matiere plastique ou pour la fabrication de pieces pour le travail des metaux
EP1887096A1 (fr) 2006-08-09 2008-02-13 Rovalma, S.A. Acier pour travail à chaud

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI2535430T1 (sl) 2019-03-29
EP2535430A2 (fr) 2012-12-19
PL2535430T3 (pl) 2019-06-28
EP2535430A3 (fr) 2014-03-05
PT2535430T (pt) 2019-02-19
ES2716421T3 (es) 2019-06-12

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