EP1789977B1 - Varistor mit einer isolierenden schicht aus einem grundglas mit füllstoff - Google Patents

Varistor mit einer isolierenden schicht aus einem grundglas mit füllstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1789977B1
EP1789977B1 EP05789564.1A EP05789564A EP1789977B1 EP 1789977 B1 EP1789977 B1 EP 1789977B1 EP 05789564 A EP05789564 A EP 05789564A EP 1789977 B1 EP1789977 B1 EP 1789977B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
varistor
insulating layer
ceramic
layer
base glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP05789564.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1789977A1 (de
Inventor
Thomas Jost
Andreas Schriener
Harald Reisinger
Gerd Klemen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
Epcos AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Epcos AG filed Critical Epcos AG
Publication of EP1789977A1 publication Critical patent/EP1789977A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1789977B1 publication Critical patent/EP1789977B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/18—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material comprising a plurality of layers stacked between terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/102—Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/105—Varistor cores
    • H01C7/108—Metal oxide
    • H01C7/112—ZnO type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a varistor.
  • Zinc oxide (ZnO) energy resistors are non-linear voltage-dependent resistive bodies comprising zinc oxide-based ceramic sintered bodies as a resistive element.
  • the electrical resistance above a response voltage decreases sharply with increasing voltage. Because of this electrical behavior, varistors are used to protect electrical equipment from overvoltages and surges.
  • the varistor is connected in parallel to the protective electrical system and limited by its current-voltage characteristic, the maximum occurring at the electrical system voltage. For electrical contacting of the varistors electrodes are applied on both end faces of the cylindrical main body of the varistors.
  • Overvoltages and voltage spikes can be roughly subdivided into a lightning overvoltage (time range: microseconds), switching overvoltages (time range: milliseconds) and temporary overvoltages (time range: seconds).
  • overvoltages in the microsecond range can reach very high voltage peaks. These very fast and high voltage peaks not only load the zinc oxide ceramics of the varistor very heavily, but without any suitable countermeasures an electrical flashover occurs on the outside or surface of the varistor.
  • a zinc oxide varistor in which the lateral surface of the ceramic base body is provided with a layer of high resistance.
  • the crystallized glass composition for wetting the ceramic base body has lead oxide (PbO) as a main component and is enriched with the components ZnO, B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , MoO 3 , WO 3 , TiO 2, and NiO to improve the crystallinity and the insulating properties Promote property of the layer.
  • PbO lead oxide
  • the addition of larger amounts of PbO to the insulating layer increases its thermal expansion coefficient, with the addition of larger amounts of ZnO permitting crystallization of the glass composition of the layer.
  • the publication DE 101 42 314 A1 discloses a nonlinear resistor body provided with an outer high resistance layer.
  • the high resistance layer contains a glass mixture.
  • arresters consisting of varistors are exposed to environmental influences such as moisture and chemical pollutants for long periods of time (lifetime ⁇ 30 years). There is a risk that these environmental influences lead to a reduction of the ZnO ceramic of the varistor and change the current-voltage characteristic.
  • the protective function against environmental influences takes over the wrapping.
  • a varistor which has a ceramic main body whose surface is at least partially provided with an insulating layer which is composed of a base glass and a filler, wherein the filler contains 3Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 , characterized in that the insulating Layer additionally contains material-strengthening fibers.
  • the insulating layer is also harmless in terms of their environmental compatibility, since it does not have to contain lead.
  • the layer is free of lead.
  • the layer has a filler content of 5 to 40%. With this proportion of filler is achieved that the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating layer is reduced in order to avoid cracking of the layer. In particular, it can be achieved with a filler proportion in this range that the thermal expansion coefficient of the layer is lower than that of the ceramic base body of the varistor.
  • a varistor which has a ceramic main body, wherein a layer is applied to at least a portion of the ceramic base body, which according to the invention contains material-strengthening fibers.
  • the layer at least partially hermetically seals the ceramic base body to the outside, so that the necessary for the ignition of the electrical component or the ceramic body oxygen can not penetrate to the hot ignition source of the varistor or the ceramic body. In the absence of this oxygen, the varistor can not come to ignition even with considerable overvoltage.
  • the layer comprises refractory or at least flame retardant materials. If, despite the high layer strength, for example, under extreme pressure or temperature conditions, the electrical component or the ceramic body are ignited, the flame retardant materials of the layer can slow the spread of firing.
  • the material-strengthening fibers are added to the mullite mixture. This results in an insulating layer with a high rollover and material strength.
  • flame retardant materials are added to the mullite mixture, the refractoriness of the varistor or the insulating layer can be increased.
  • Load cases in the sense of a direct lightning strike are standardized as 4/10 ⁇ s tests in the IEC standard 60099-4 anchored.
  • the 4/10 ⁇ s test has a rise time up to the peak current of 4 ⁇ s, the decay time being a 50% peak value of 10 ⁇ s.
  • the load with two impulses with a peak current of 100 kA each is prescribed, without resulting in a flashover on the arrester or varistor.
  • Loads according to the 4/10 test are referred to hereinafter as impulse loads within this document.
  • FIG. 1 shows a varistor with a ceramic base body 1, the surface of which is provided with an insulating layer 2 and whose end faces with metallizations or electrodes 3.
  • the lateral surface of the main body 1 is provided with the insulating layer.
  • a composite glaze consisting of a base glass and a filler is proposed.
  • the base glass contains 30 to 50% ZnO, 30 to 40% B 2 O 3 , 0 to 10% CuO and 0 to 10% P 2 O 5 .
  • mullite As a filler of the mixture, mullite (3Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 ) in the range of 5 to 40% is used.
  • the filler is added in powder form (grain size 0 to 200 microns) of the glass layer or the glaze.
  • the base glass or the glass frit melts, runs down and forms a glass-like coating of the varistor.
  • the temperature of glass penetration used is well below the melting point of the filler grains, which is why they do not melt and can be embedded intact in the base glass.
  • thermal shock resistance An important point for the pulse strength of coatings or insulating layers is the thermal shock resistance.
  • the temperature of the energy varistor may increase by up to 150 ° C within microseconds. If the thermal expansion coefficient of the sheath is greater than that of the ceramic, this stress increases the formation of cracks in the sheath and thus poor pulse strength. Low-slumping glasses consistently have too high a thermal expansion coefficient compared to a zinc oxide ceramic, so that the pulse strength remains unsatisfactory.
  • the admixture of filler with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion into the base glass leads to a lower coefficient of thermal expansion of the insulating layer.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze is reduced.
  • the values T, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 respectively represent the temperature, the expansion coefficient of the varistor ceramic and the expansion coefficient of the insulating layer or composite glaze.
  • the varistor can be designed as a multilayer varistor with integrated internal electrodes, in which case the contact bodies are preferably arranged on the side surface of the main body. Each contact body is contacted with one end of an inner electrode of an inner electrode set, see also FIG. 5 ,
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of the failure rate of varistors with and without an insulating layer with mullite understanding with increasing current pulse load.
  • the vertical axis represents the cumulative failure rate of the varistors in percent, while the horizontal axis represents the pulse current applied to the varistors in amperes.
  • the dark bars show the behavior of varistors provided with a mullite-containing insulating layer. It can be clearly seen how the failure rates of such varistors begin to increase only at a relatively high value of 110 kA (kilo-ampere), especially when this pulse is applied in short time periods in succession. In contrast, the failure rate of varistors without an insulating layer having mullite already increases at 90 kA.
  • the weight fraction of mullite is the insulating layer of the the gray bars represented Varistors is 20%. Energy varistors with a height of 44 mm and a diameter of 43.5 mm were used.
  • a mullite-containing composite glaze therefore has a design optimized thermal expansion coefficient.
  • the glaze also has a very good mechanical strength, which also has a positive effect on the pulse strength.
  • the flexural strength at 20% by weight of mullite is 78 MPa.
  • the present composite glaze advantageously also protects the ceramic due to the glassy fusion reliably against environmental influences. It is also non-toxic and harmless in the sense of environmental compatibility, since it can be composed in particular lead-free. Also, the composite glaze does not have to contain bismuth, making it much cheaper than currently used alternatives.
  • the filler mullite used has a low coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 40 * 10 -7 (K -1 ) and a high melting point at> 1800 ° C. The high melting point ensures that no or at least only a very small chemical and / or physical conversion of the filler takes place during the baking of the glaze.
  • FIG. 3 shows a varistor whose surface is at least partially provided with an insulating layer 2 containing fiber composites 4.
  • the fiber composites are preferably added to the previously described mullite mixture.
  • the layer preferably hermetically seals an interior region of the ceramic base body to the outside.
  • the envelope can withstand high loads, such as, for example, a thermally induced expansion of the ceramic base body, without it forming cracks or openings.
  • the thermally induced expansion of the ceramic body can be triggered, for example, by applying an increased operating voltage, which can locally lead to melting of the varistor ceramic with explosive leakage of ceramic material and various reaction products and thus to the ignition of the varistor enclosure. As a result, this can lead to the ignition of entire devices or system parts in which the varistor is used.
  • the layer containing fibers it is avoided that the possibly harmful materials emitted by the ceramic base body escape to the outside, or that the oxygen necessary for the ignition penetrates into the interior region of the ceramic base body.
  • Varistorumhüllung 2 An increased strength of the Varistorumhüllung 2 is achieved with the addition of fibrous reinforcing materials of different lengths of organic and inorganic nature, as well as with the addition of organic and inorganic matrix elements or composites.
  • Aramid fiber is preferred as the fiber 4 of organic nature.
  • Fiber of inorganic nature is preferably glass fibers, carbon fibers or mineral wool. These have the advantage that they have a flame-retardant effect.
  • Suitable organic matrix elements or composite materials are silicone resins, phenolic resins or epoxy resins.
  • As inorganic Matrix elements are preferably used hydraulically setting ceramics and cements.
  • Glass fiber shreds 4 having a length of 0.2 mm in different mixing ratios are preferably mixed with a silicone resin paint formulation or phenolic resin paint formulation to form a dippable or sprayable mixture which can be applied to the ceramic base body.
  • the application of the envelope 2 can be carried out in multiple layers until the required coating thickness is achieved. In this case, 3 to 7, in particular 5 dives are preferred to achieve a cladding thickness of between 7 and 9 mm, as it has been found that this thickness gives a particularly good strength, but only a relatively short production time is required.
  • the casing 2 enriched with the additives is brought to the desired high strength.
  • a varistor 1 is shown, which is provided with contact bodies 3 at the front. It is preferred that the application of the envelope 2 takes place before the contact bodies are baked in, so that the layer applied on the front sides of the varistor is softened and subsequently pushed away or removed by the extremely high temperature during the baking of the contact body.
  • the contact bodies 3 each have an outwardly directed, free surface, which can be contacted with a further contact body.
  • FIG. 5 shows a multilayer varistor with a ceramic base body 1, in the interior of which internal electrodes 5 are arranged, which are each connected at one end to a contact body or metallization 3 applied to the top or side surface of the ceramic base body.
  • the multilayer varistor has a mullite-containing outer layer 2 according to the preceding embodiments, which can be enriched with material-strengthening fibers.
  • a multilayer varistor is provided, which can not be set on fire by means of a high-strength, preferably flame-retardant sheath 2, even with accidental or accidental overvoltages, or at least only with difficulty.
  • the metallizations 3 be free of cladding materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
EP05789564.1A 2004-09-15 2005-09-15 Varistor mit einer isolierenden schicht aus einem grundglas mit füllstoff Ceased EP1789977B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004044648A DE102004044648A1 (de) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Varistor
PCT/DE2005/001622 WO2006029610A1 (de) 2004-09-15 2005-09-15 Varistor mit einer isolierenden schicht aus einem grundglas mit füllstoff

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1789977A1 EP1789977A1 (de) 2007-05-30
EP1789977B1 true EP1789977B1 (de) 2014-08-20

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EP05789564.1A Ceased EP1789977B1 (de) 2004-09-15 2005-09-15 Varistor mit einer isolierenden schicht aus einem grundglas mit füllstoff

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8130071B2 (https=)
EP (1) EP1789977B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP4755648B2 (https=)
DE (1) DE102004044648A1 (https=)
WO (1) WO2006029610A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5272683B2 (ja) * 2008-11-28 2013-08-28 株式会社村田製作所 非線形抵抗変化素子
EP2507801B1 (en) 2009-12-04 2014-05-21 ABB Research Ltd. A high voltage surge arrester
MX2014000493A (es) * 2011-07-14 2014-05-14 Bruce Barton Toma portatil de corriente con supresión de sobretensión transitoria o protección contra sobretensión transitoria y método para su fabricación.
DE102011079813A1 (de) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Spannungsbegrenzende Zusammensetzung
US11037710B2 (en) 2018-07-18 2021-06-15 Avx Corporation Varistor passivation layer and method of making the same

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GB1346851A (en) * 1971-05-21 1974-02-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Varistors
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DE2417523A1 (de) * 1973-05-17 1974-12-05 Gen Electric Nicht-linearer ueberspannungsableiter mit scheibenhuelse und glaszusammensetzung dafuer
JPS5366561A (en) * 1976-11-26 1978-06-14 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Thick film varistor composition
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JPS60219704A (ja) 1984-04-17 1985-11-02 株式会社日立製作所 電圧非直線抵抗体及びその製造法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006029610A1 (de) 2006-03-23
JP4755648B2 (ja) 2011-08-24
DE102004044648A1 (de) 2006-03-30
JP2008513982A (ja) 2008-05-01
US8130071B2 (en) 2012-03-06
US20080030296A1 (en) 2008-02-07
EP1789977A1 (de) 2007-05-30

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