EP1768916B1 - Verfahren zum ablösen bzw. abtrennen einer auf den rand des halses einer flasche aufgesiegelten siegelfolie und schraubkappe zur ausführung dieses verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum ablösen bzw. abtrennen einer auf den rand des halses einer flasche aufgesiegelten siegelfolie und schraubkappe zur ausführung dieses verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1768916B1
EP1768916B1 EP05771872A EP05771872A EP1768916B1 EP 1768916 B1 EP1768916 B1 EP 1768916B1 EP 05771872 A EP05771872 A EP 05771872A EP 05771872 A EP05771872 A EP 05771872A EP 1768916 B1 EP1768916 B1 EP 1768916B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw cap
neck
rim
sealing foil
sealing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05771872A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1768916A1 (de
Inventor
Rainer Ammann
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1768916A1 publication Critical patent/EP1768916A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1768916B1 publication Critical patent/EP1768916B1/de
Priority to CY20101101191T priority Critical patent/CY1111657T1/el
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
    • B65D51/20—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
    • B65D51/22—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure
    • B65D51/228—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being removed from the container after the opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0006—Upper closure
    • B65D2251/0015—Upper closure of the 41-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0068—Lower closure
    • B65D2251/0093—Membrane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to claims 1 or 7 and a screw cap for carrying out this method according to claims 12 or 18.
  • a screw cap which is screwed onto a threaded neck of a plastic bottle blown together with its closure end, thereby surrounding the closure end.
  • the screw cap has at least one cutting tab formed on it, which, when screwed onto the threaded neck, slides elastically over a collar of the closure end and then springs radially inward under the collar.
  • the cutting blade cuts through a radially arranged inside the federal transverse wall of the covenant and then lifted off the dissolved closure end and retains in the screw cap.
  • This prior art does not relate to a container having a circular sealing surface having edge of his neck, on which edge a sealing film is applied hermetically sealing, which should be at least partially removed when opening the container. Furthermore, a reclosure of the bottle by re-screwing the screw cap is not possible.
  • the object underlying the invention is now seen to provide a method and a screw cap for carrying out the method of the type mentioned , by a special seizing and peeling off the sealing film by hand after unscrewing the screw cap is unnecessary.
  • This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned above according to a first embodiment of the invention in that when unscrewing the screw cap from the neck, the sealing film from the outer periphery of the edge of the neck ago radially inwardly towards the central axis progressively solved by the screw cap at least partially and then lifted off the edge.
  • the process of unscrewing the screw cap thus includes according to the invention, the release of the sealing film from the edge of the vessel or the bottle and possibly also the subsequent storage of the sealing film in the screw cap, which can be screwed on and unscrewed as often as usual, again until the container contents are exhausted by respective removal. Separate release of the sealing film by hand has become unnecessary.
  • thermoplastic adhesive it is preferable to use induction welding for bonding the stiffening plate to the sealing film by using a thermoplastic adhesive as the adhesive.
  • an adhesive for example, PE, PET, polyester or polystyrene or of a combination of these substances can be used as the adhesive on the surface of the stiffening plate facing the sealing film.
  • a screw cap for carrying out the method according to the invention has a lid portion and a An internally threaded sleeve portion with a screw-on, for screwing on and unscrewing from an external thread of an edge having a neck of a bottle od.
  • Hermetically sealed by means of a sealed to a circular sealing surface of the edge of the neck, possessing a radially projecting peripheral portion, sealing foil which is releasable and / or destructible to release a bottle contents.
  • this screw cap and thus a first device solution of the above object is characterized by at least one between the internal thread and the lid portion on the sleeve portion along the inner circumference arranged in the starting position before screwing obliquely to the screw-in and out towards the center axis of the neck or the Screw cap-facing cutting blade, whose distance from the central axis before screwing is smaller than the outer diameter of the edge of the neck, and which is elastically deflected when screwing the screw cap on the neck of the bottle, the cutting blade with its cutting edge due to the pressure of the edge of the neck and the peripheral portion of the sealing film resiliently folds upwards and above the external thread and below the radially projecting peripheral portion of the sealing film, elastically deformed and resiliently biased towards the center axis, on the outer circumference of the neck for investment e comes as soon as the screwing is finished, and in that, when unscrewing the screw cap, the cutting edge of the severing knife is initially directed obliquely to the sealing foil
  • the screw cap according to the invention triggers when unscrewing the od at the free edge of the neck of the bottle or the like.
  • Sealed seal film in that the Abtrennmesser from the outside between the edge of the neck of the bottle and the sealing film, if necessary, to about the inner diameter of the neck out, gradually penetrates toward the center axis of the same and entrains the sealing film after loosening, since the separated sealing film is held between the separating blade and the lid portion.
  • a plurality of individual, along the inner circumference of the sleeve portion distributed in the circumferential or rotational direction and fixedly connected to the sleeve portion separating blades are provided, which leave a clear width in planar radial position in the common plane in the region of the central axis, which has a lesser width Has diameter than the annular sealing surface, or as it has the outer diameter of the edge of the neck of the bottle od.
  • the severing knife separates the sealing film only partially by its spiral cutting and causes its remaining lifting or tearing off simply by the further lifting of the peripheral region of the sealing film during further unscrewing and thus by the tension exerted on the sealing surface of the sealing film.
  • each individual severing knife expediently has a cutting edge partially pointing in the unscrewing direction, which in each case causes the spiraling inward cutting into the sealing surface between the sealing film and the edge of the neck.
  • Each cutting edge may advantageously be curved concavely and have a radially projecting, in Abschraubwindraum trailing tip cutting projection, which favors the penetration into the sealing surface.
  • This deformation of the circumference of the sealing film on the one hand and the reinforcing plate, if present, on the other hand also favors the penetration of the or the severing knife in the gap between the sealing film and the edge, since the circumference of the sealing film and optionally the reinforcing plate forms an obliquely to the sealing film and to the central axis facing guide for the or the separating blade, such that the or the separating blade between the sealing film and the edge sliding and progressively unscrewing the screw more and more issuing in a horizontal cutting plane and thereby between the sealing film and edge to, if necessary, in the free space in the clearance of the neck penetrating the sealing film can completely replace or can.
  • separating knife it can be formed circumferentially along the inner circumference of the sleeve section, ie as a ring knife.
  • the elasticity of the material of the screw cap ensures the required deflectability of this ring diameter in the direction of the central axis.
  • the described orientation of the or the separating knife (s) in his or her original position in which it or before screwing the screw cap on the neck of the container or the bottle obliquely to the screw-on and after pointing towards the central axis or pointing does not necessarily have to be so. Rather, the Knife alignment by the configuration of the knife shape on the one hand and the respective terminal on the sleeve portion along the inner circumference on the other hand also be taken so that the or the Abtrennmesser obliquely to the lid portion and inwardly towards the central axis has or point. In this case, the severing knife or the cut-off knife already essentially has the orientation that it or they need or need for the process of separating the sealing film from the neck.
  • Adhesive and / or a sealing wax between the lid portion and neck is introduced, that when screwing the screw cap on the neck of the container, the intermediate layer is pressed by the inner surface of the lid portion on the sealing film, and that subsequently the inner surface is glued or welded to the surface of the sealing film such that the sealing film firmly adheres to the inner surface and that when unscrewing the screw cap from the neck of the container or the bottle, the sealing film is at least partially entrained by the screw cap.
  • the respective container is thus completely or at least partially opened after unscrewing the screw cap, so that the contents can be removed.
  • the sealing film within the clear width of the neck in the circumferential direction at least partially embossing or perforations, which are designed as predetermined breaking points, and the bonding or welding of the inner surface of the lid portion with the surface of the sealing film is using the liner only in the range of made the embossments or perforations surrounded area.
  • a sealing film a plate which is composed of at least two layers, wherein the inner surface of the lid portion facing layer of substantially PE, PET or aluminum and the neck facing layer of PE, PET or sealing wax or a combination of the aforementioned substances can exist.
  • the formation can be made such that only the inner surface of the lid portion facing layer of the sealing film within the clear width of the neck is at least partially coined or perforated in the circumferential direction.
  • the embossing or the perforation is preferably circular in circumference.
  • the lid portion has a reverse anvil-like inner tabular projection having the inner surface, such that this inner surface od when screwing the screw cap on the neck of the container. The like. Reliable to rest on the surface of the sealing foil can be brought.
  • the vessel used, the container used, the bottle used or the like can be made of glass, plastic or the like.
  • the sealing foil which consists in particular of aluminum and / or of plastic, has a peripheral region projecting radially beyond the edge of the neck.
  • This peripheral region forms an additional guide for the or the separating blade, so to speak as a barrier to the lid of the screw cap, in particular, as soon as in the presence of a Anyaklippe the same lifts off when unscrewing the screw cap and such a peripheral region, which had previously nestled, progressively releases, such that the or the separating blade is guided under this peripheral region at the same fitting to the sealing surface or be.
  • the screw cap according to the invention is preferably made of plastic.
  • Fig. 1 the shoulder region 2 of a bottle 1 with a neck 3 is shown, which has an external thread 4 and a central axis 5. Furthermore, a screw cap 7 having an internal thread 6 is shown which, like the bottle 1, can be made of plastic, for example, such as PE or PET. This screw cap 7 is provided with a cover portion 8 and a female portion 6 having sleeve portion 9 with a screw-10, for screwing on and unscrewing of the external thread 4 of an edge 11 having neck 3 of the bottle first
  • This neck 3 is connected by means of a to an annular sealing surface 12 ( Fig. 10 ) of the edge 11 of the neck 3 sealed, a radially projecting peripheral region 13 possessing sealing film 14 hermetically sealed.
  • This sealing film 14 is detachable and / or destructible for releasing the respective contents of the bottle.
  • This end position according to Fig. 5 is such that when unscrewing the screw cap 7 by, between the protruding periphery 13 of the sealing film 14 and the edge 11 of the neck 3 of the bottle 1 first obliquely directed to the sealing film 14 and the central axis 5 and subsequently continuously by their spring back more and more radially inwardly to the central axis 5 circumferentially penetrating, cutting edge 16 of the severing blade 15, the sealing film 14 from the edge 11 of Bottle 1 towards the central axis 5 toward progressively separable and in the Aufschraubkappe 7 between Abtrennmesser 15 and cover portion 8 is preserved.
  • the beginning of the attack of the cutting edges 16 on the sealing surface between the edge 11 or the same Sigel Chemistry 12 and the sealing film 14 is in Fig. 7 shown.
  • the inside width W of the individual blade 15 corresponds to the clear width of the edge 11 of the neck 3.
  • three cut-off blades 15 are provided here.
  • only one separating knife 15 is present, it can be formed circumferentially along the inner circumference 9 'of the sleeve section 9, ie as a ring cutter (not shown), the elasticity of the material of the screw cap 7 and thus of the ring cutter for the required deflectability thereof in the direction of the central axis 5 worries.
  • the Anticianlippe 23 remains due to their length and their effort when unscrewing the screw cap 7 in Oberzufedern substantially to their original position, first in decreasing contact with the top of the sealing film 14 and the reinforcing plate 22 before it completely stands out from the sealing film 14 and the reinforcing plate 22 during further unscrewing the screw cap 7.
  • a reinforcing plate 22 can also be used prior to sealing the top of the sealing film 14 have been connected flat, z. B. also by welding means of a thermoplastic or by gluing, thus even before the sealing film 14 is sealed onto the sealing surface 12 of the edge 11 of the neck 3 of the bottle 1.
  • the cutting edges 16 push under the action of the existing restoring forces of the three Abtrennmesser 15 below the peripheral portion 13 of the sealing film 14 and lift it together with the edge of the overlying reinforcing plate 22, as the Fig. 7 clarified.
  • each a groove 25 to adapt to the rounding of the edge 11 of the neck 3 shown follows, and on the other hand, that the are adjacent to the cutting edges 16 on the side facing away from the neck 3 subsequent areas of the cutting blade 15 are rounded.
  • the separating blades thus have, so to speak, in their areas adjacent to the cutting edges 16, a bend which favors the penetration of the cutting edges 16.
  • the An réellelippe lifts 23, the first their pressure in the entire dotted indicated area 26 (FIG. Fig. 6 ), partially from the surface of the edge of the sealing foil 14 or, in the case shown here, from the inside to the outside of the edge of the reinforcing plate 22 from.
  • the separating blades 15 in reaching the position according to Fig. 9 the sealing surface 12 cut through and the sealing film 14 with the reinforcing plate 22 completely detached. Since the Abtrennmesser 15 strive to go back to their original positions, which they held before screwing the screw cap 7 on the neck 3, finally results in the Fig. 10 illustrated position of the separated sealing film 14 plus reinforcing plate 22 within the lifted screw cap 7 according to Fig. 10 ,
  • an intermediate layer 33 made of a thermoplastic, an adhesive and / or a sealing wax is applied between the lid section 8' or its inner surface 21 and sealing foil 14 '.
  • a sealing film 14 ' is expediently used, which has at least partially embossments or perforations 28 within the clear width W of the neck 3 in the circumferential direction, which are designed as predetermined breaking points, wherein the bonding or welding of the inner surface 21 of the cover portions 8' with the surface of the Sealing film 14 'by means of the intermediate layer 25 only in the area of the embossments or perforations 28 circumscribed surface 32 is made.
  • embossments or perforations reduce the force required for tearing open the sealing film 14 'when unscrewing the screw cap 7' considerably.
  • a sealing film 14 ' is in this embodiment a small plate 31 ( Fig. 15 ), which is composed of two layers 26 and 27, wherein the inner surface 21 of the lid portion 8 'facing layer 26 made of PE, PET or aluminum and the neck 3 facing layer 27 of PE, PET or sealing wax or a combination of these Substances can exist.
  • the perforation (28) is circumferentially circular.
  • a screw cap 7 ' for carrying out the described method according to this second embodiment, again in particular made of plastic, with a cover portion 8' and a female thread 6 having sleeve portion 9 "with a screw-10, for screwing on and unscrewing from an external thread 4 a or the like made of plastic, glass or the like, which has been hermetically sealed by means of a sealed to an annular sealing surface 12 of the edge 11 of the neck 1 sealing film 14 ', releasable to release a bottle contents and / or destructible, according to the invention, the lid portion 8 'has a reverse anvil-like, the inner surface 21 having, inner, tabular, projection 32, such that when screwing the screw cap 7' on the neck 3 of the Container 1 or the like.
  • the thread pitch and the thread pairing 4, 6 dimensioned such that the stroke of the screw cap 7, 70 relative to the neck 3 is about 9mm per revolution of the screw cap 7, 70 by 360 degrees.
  • the training can be made so that the internal thread 6 is three-speed.
  • Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment of the invention with a screw cap 70th
  • the imaginary circumference of the circumference of the periphery (11) of the neck (3) is formed, such that the Abtrennmesser 15 and the Abtrennmesser solve the sealing surface 12 in any case completely. But this is by no means always necessary, but it may also be sufficient, if necessary, not completely to solve the sealing surface 12, d. H.
  • the severing blade 15 or the severing blade is arranged on the inner circumference 9 'of the sleeve section 9 above the internal thread 6 towards the cover section 8 and the thread of this internal thread 6 has interruptions 71 which are in relation to their width u in the circumferential direction of the inner circumference 9 'of the width of the severing blade 15 and the Abtrennmesser are substantially equal or slightly wider, such that when removing the screw cap 70 upwards from the respective mold (not shown) the Abtrennmesser 15 and the Abtrennmesser down can be pushed into these interruptions 71 and find themselves in the same place at short notice, until they emerge from the mold and become free.
  • This embodiment with the interruptions 71 allows a considerable saving in height of the screw cap 70 and thus plastic material, since the Abtrennmesser 15 can be arranged closer to the internal thread 6, and at the same time avoids problems with the removal of the screw cap 70 from their form, in particular has been injection-molded in the preferred use of plastic.
  • the interruptions 71 the height of a screw cap must be necessarily greater, because when removing the same from the mold, the separating blade 15 once inevitably fold down and need to find space without the interruptions 71 completely above the threads.
  • the severing blade 15 and the severing blades each have (s) free end (s) having the cutting edge (s), the seal (s) between the sealing film 14 and the sealing surface 12 upon engagement with the sealing surface 12
  • Edge 11 a curvature or buckling on the edge 11 to have or have (particularly clearly from the Fig. 3 and 6 refer to). This favors the penetration of the cutting edge (s) 19 between the sealing film 14 and the edge 11, not only when the sealing foil 14, which is expediently made of aluminum and / or plastic, has a circumferential region 13 projecting radially beyond the edge 11 of the neck 3.
  • the screw cap 70 can also on the inside of the lid portion 8 between at least one concentric circumferential, here relatively short, ie, a small height having Anyaklippe 23 and the inner wall 9 'of the sleeve portion 9 a circumferential counter-pressure lip 72 (FIG. Fig. 16 ), which presses when screwing the screw cap on the neck 3 against the sealing foil 14 and is suitable for unscrewing the screw cap, supported by their restoring force the edge of the sealing foil 14 against the pressure of the ends of the or the separating blade 15, such that these ends better under the peripheral portion 13 of the sealing film 14 slide and can penetrate into the sealing surface 12.
  • this peripheral region 13 does not necessarily have to survive beyond the edge 11 of the neck 3. He also does not necessarily have a non-glued or not sealed peripheral edge to a proper grip from the cutting edge (s) 19 of the or the Abtrennmesser (s) 15 to ensure.
  • the relevant respective embodiment according to the invention is dependent on the parameters given in each case, of which only the material of the screw cap itself, the material of the sealing film 14, the material of the binder used and the elasticity of the or the separating blade (s) called should be.
  • the screw cap 70 for example, no reinforcing plate 22 is used for a sealing film 14 which may be necessary for this, as described in the preceding embodiments, for which reason the counterpressure lip 72 is advantageous here.
  • the pressure lip 23, whether in the embodiments according to the FIGS. 1 to 10 or in the embodiment according to Fig. 16 , Not only the pressing of a peripheral portion 13 of the sealing film 14 is used, if such a peripheral region is present, but also the repeated sealing of the neck 3 z.
  • the sealing film 14 has been lifted and the bottle after each unscrewing the screw cap 7, 7 'or 70 and the removal of a subset is screwed back to close the bottle again tight.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
EP05771872A 2004-07-01 2005-06-30 Verfahren zum ablösen bzw. abtrennen einer auf den rand des halses einer flasche aufgesiegelten siegelfolie und schraubkappe zur ausführung dieses verfahrens Active EP1768916B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CY20101101191T CY1111657T1 (el) 2004-07-01 2010-12-23 Μεθοδος για την αφαιρεση ή αντιστοιχα διαχωρισμο μιας επι του περιθωριου του λαιμου μιας φιαλης επισφραγισμενης μεμβρανης σφραγισης και βιδωτο καπακι για την εκτελεση αυτης της μεθοδου

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004032100A DE102004032100B4 (de) 2004-07-01 2004-07-01 Verfahren zum Ablösen bzw. Abtrennen einer auf den Rand des Halses einer Flasche od. dergl. aufgesiegelten Siegelfolie und Schraubkappen zur Ausführung dieser Verfahren
PCT/EP2005/007056 WO2006002922A1 (de) 2004-07-01 2005-06-30 Verfahren zum ablösen bzw. abtrennen einer auf den rand des halses einer flasche od. dergl. aufgesiegelten siegelfolie und schraubkappe zur ausführung dieses verfahrens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1768916A1 EP1768916A1 (de) 2007-04-04
EP1768916B1 true EP1768916B1 (de) 2010-09-29

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EP05771872A Active EP1768916B1 (de) 2004-07-01 2005-06-30 Verfahren zum ablösen bzw. abtrennen einer auf den rand des halses einer flasche aufgesiegelten siegelfolie und schraubkappe zur ausführung dieses verfahrens

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (2) US20080083694A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1768916B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4981666B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN101001791B (ja)
AT (1) ATE482891T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU2005259424B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2572379C (ja)
CY (1) CY1111657T1 (ja)
DE (2) DE102004032100B4 (ja)
ES (1) ES2358878T3 (ja)
NO (1) NO339274B1 (ja)
RU (1) RU2346869C2 (ja)
WO (1) WO2006002922A1 (ja)

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CN101001791A (zh) 2007-07-18
RU2346869C2 (ru) 2009-02-20
AU2005259424A1 (en) 2006-01-12
CY1111657T1 (el) 2015-10-07
CA2572379C (en) 2012-09-04
US9517869B2 (en) 2016-12-13
DE502005010314D1 (de) 2010-11-11
DE102004032100B4 (de) 2006-06-22
CN101001791B (zh) 2010-06-16
EP1768916A1 (de) 2007-04-04
AU2005259424B2 (en) 2011-02-10
CA2572379A1 (en) 2006-01-12
WO2006002922A1 (de) 2006-01-12
ATE482891T1 (de) 2010-10-15
NO339274B1 (no) 2016-11-21
NO20070667L (no) 2007-01-31
RU2007103837A (ru) 2008-08-10
DE102004032100A1 (de) 2006-04-27
ES2358878T3 (es) 2011-05-16
US20110155687A1 (en) 2011-06-30
JP4981666B2 (ja) 2012-07-25
US20080083694A1 (en) 2008-04-10

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