EP1680603A1 - Hydraulische 2-stempelhebebühne - Google Patents
Hydraulische 2-stempelhebebühneInfo
- Publication number
- EP1680603A1 EP1680603A1 EP04789995A EP04789995A EP1680603A1 EP 1680603 A1 EP1680603 A1 EP 1680603A1 EP 04789995 A EP04789995 A EP 04789995A EP 04789995 A EP04789995 A EP 04789995A EP 1680603 A1 EP1680603 A1 EP 1680603A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lifting platform
- lifting
- platform according
- hydraulic fluid
- hydraulic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
- B66F7/28—Constructional details, e.g. end stops, pivoting supporting members, sliding runners adjustable to load dimensions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
- B66F7/10—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported directly by jacks
- B66F7/16—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported directly by jacks by one or more hydraulic or pneumatic jacks
- B66F7/20—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported directly by jacks by one or more hydraulic or pneumatic jacks by several jacks with means for maintaining the platforms horizontal during movement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/003—Systems with load-holding valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/06—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam
- F15B11/072—Combined pneumatic-hydraulic systems
- F15B11/0725—Combined pneumatic-hydraulic systems with the driving energy being derived from a pneumatic system, a subsequent hydraulic system displacing or controlling the output element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
- F15B15/26—Locking mechanisms
- F15B15/261—Locking mechanisms using positive interengagement, e.g. balls and grooves, for locking in the end positions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
- F15B2211/3052—Shuttle valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
- F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
- F15B2211/321—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically
- F15B2211/324—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically manually, e.g. by using a lever or pedal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/40—Flow control
- F15B2211/46—Control of flow in the return line, i.e. meter-out control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
- F15B2211/7107—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders the output members being mechanically linked
Definitions
- the invention relates to a 2-ram lift, as used for lifting motor vehicle lifts in motor vehicle workshops.
- the 2-ram lift is installed under the floor in the workshop floor, so that only the vehicle receptacles can be seen in the retracted state.
- the vehicles can be raised to different heights using the 2-ram lifting platform in order to facilitate accessibility underneath the vehicle. There is therefore no need for a working pit under the vehicle.
- 2-ram lifts of the type mentioned initially consist of two hydraulic cylinders arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, a device for ensuring the synchronism of the two hydraulic cylinders, a lowering safeguard which prevents the two hydraulic cylinders from lowering unintentionally and a drive unit. Furthermore, from a lift control and mounting brackets for lifting the vehicle.
- Hydraulic cylinders, synchronizing device, anti-lowering device and often also the drive unit are installed in a watertight installation cassette.
- the lift control is usually located on the front or side of the lift work station.
- the two mounting brackets are on the extending parts of the Hydraulic cylinder screwed on and lie in the retracted state on the workshop floor.
- Modern 2-ram lifts are designed as reversing cylinders. You work in the so-called high pressure range, i.e. the operating pressure is usually over 100 bar.
- the two piston rods - also called plunger pistons - remain on the bottom of the cartridge.
- the cylinder tubes which are provided with a smooth surface on the outside, extend through guides that are screwed to the installation cassette at the upper end. In this way it is very easy to connect the two extending cylinder tubes with a single or multi-part cross-connection. This one-part or multi-part cross-connection ensures the synchronism of the two cylinder tubes and also prevents each of the two cylinder tubes from rotating about its own longitudinal axis.
- the lift is usually driven electro-hydraulically. Hydraulic oil is mostly used as the hydraulic medium. Since hydraulic oil is a water-polluting liquid, the installation cassettes are manufactured in a sealed form. If hydraulic oil escapes (e.g. in the event of leaks or leaks), the installation cassette serves as a collecting space, which must be checked regularly and checked for leaks in accordance with the regional regulations. As built-in cassettes, those made of steel and those made of plastic are used. The steel ones have the advantage that they are stable for transport, but when installed, they are exposed to the risk of corrosion, which is problematic from an environmental point of view when using oil as a hydraulic medium. The plastic ones are largely corrosion-proof when installed. However, transportation poses a considerable risk of damage and thus also an environmental risk.
- the drive unit of the lift is usually equipped with an electric motor. Depending on the local conditions - single-phase or three-phase network - and the existing power supply, it is necessary to adapt the electric motor and possibly also the lift control.
- the patent DE 19824 OS 1 C 2 shows a 2-ram lift of this type with reversing cylinders in an electrohydraulic design.
- the standing plungers are made of solid material, i.e. they are not hollow inside, e.g. designed as a tube. In particular, they are not used to store the hydraulic fluid.
- Laid-open application 1 431 975 shows a pneumatic-hydraulic lifting unit in which the hydraulic fluid within the lifting unit is tested.
- the disadvantage of this prior art is that two seals are required per lifting unit and no mechanical coupling for positive synchronism can be attached to the lower end of the extending part of the lifting unit if the lifting unit is e.g. B. to be used for a two-post lift.
- the German utility model DE-GM 1 933 273 shows a pneumatic-hydraulic lifting cylinder in which the hydraulic fluid is accommodated in the extending plunger.
- the disadvantages of this prior art are that the control valve is required to be inside the plunger and that a movable control line is arranged inside the plunger for actuating the control valve. Even with this lifting cylinder, no mechanical coupling for positive synchronism can be attached to the lower end of the extending part of the lifting unit if the lifting unit is, for. B. to be used for a two-post lift.
- the object of the invention is to propose a pneumatic hydraulic two-plunger lifting platform which is safe and easy to service, which requires little installation space and which can be produced with reduced effort and costs.
- this object is achieved by the appropriate design of a novel pneumatic-hydraulic reversing cylinder.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic, partially sectioned view of the lifting platform according to the invention in an almost completely lowered state
- Fig. 2 is a schematic, partially sectioned view of the lifting platform according to the invention in the extended state
- Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the pneumatic, hydraulic and mechanical functions PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
- the invention has for its object to provide a technically improved 2-ram lift of the type mentioned.
- This invention is achieved by the features of claim 1.
- the 2-post lifting platform according to the invention is distinguished in that it is pneumatically driven, but is nevertheless operated fully hydraulically.
- fully hydraulic means that in the interior of the two cylinder tubes there is - just like with the electro-hydraulic drive - only the hydraulic fluid as a medium, no compressed air.
- it is not driven by oil and electricity, but by water and pneumatically. Since no water-polluting hydraulic medium is used, - the entire environmental problem and the associated protective and precautionary measures are eliminated, which must prevent partial quantities of the water-polluting hydraulic medium from escaping from the hydraulic circuit and the installation cassette must then serve as a tight collecting space.
- the same technical version of the lift can be delivered and installed anywhere. As the lift is operated manually and the valves and safety devices are switched pneumatically, there is no need for any electrical power connections.
- the 2-post lift according to the invention has a built-in cassette (1) which is installed under the floor and is filled with soil, sand, gravel and lean concrete (20).
- Guides (2) are screwed onto both sides of the installation cassette (19), through which the two cylinder tubes (3) move up and down hydraulically (17).
- the cylinder tubes (3) have a seal (21) on the inside against the stationary plunger (4).
- the cylinder tubes (3) are coupled to each other at their lower end (25), below the connection option (8) by a one-piece or multi-piece crossbar (5), so that positive synchronism occurs.
- the plungers (4) are hollow on the inside. At its lower end (24), a bent tube (6) is attached to the opening (6a).
- This bent tube (6) is located inside the plunger (4) and extends into the uppermost region (22) of the plunger (4). This bent tube (6) and is open at the top (23). Compressed air (26) is conducted through this bent tube (6) into the uppermost region of the plunger (22).
- the plungers (4) are filled with hydraulic fluid (27), preferably with water, up to their upper region (22) and up to just below the upper opening (23) of the bent tube (6).
- the hydraulic fluid water (27) can be admixed with additives that are environmentally compatible, counteract the development of odors and the formation of corrosion against metallic materials and promote a reduction in friction in plain bearings and seals.
- other hydraulic fluids (27) that are similarly environmentally friendly, such as alcohol can also be used as hydraulic fluid.
- At least one of the two hydraulic lines (11) or (12) must be designed to be movable either between the hydraulic valve (9) and the supporting piston (3) or between the hydraulic valve (9) and the plunger (4).
- the interior of the plunger (4) acts as a kind of intermediate liquid container and requires the amount of liquid required to operate the lift.
- the lift is operated via a lever control (13) according to the dead man principle.
- Another option would be actuation using a hand or foot switch.
- the compressed air (26) flows out of the interior of the plunger • piston (4) and the hydraulic fluid (27) loses pressure on the compressed air (26).
- the hydraulic valve (s) (9) is opened, the hydraulic fluid (27) flows back into the interior of the plunger (4) and the cylinder tubes (3) retract (17).
- the hydraulic fluid (27) almost always circulates in a closed circuit between the interior of the plunger (4) and the interior of the cylinder tubes (3).
- the discharge air can be returned to the installation cassette (1) via a further line (14) and a silencer (29). At the same time, this causes ventilation of the installation cassette (1).
- the pressurized discharge air can at least partially be supplied to a pneumatic pressure accumulator when lowering, which in turn can make this stored compressed air available again during the next lifting process.
- the pressurized discharge air can at least partially be made available to the compressed air generator as intake air, so that the compressed air generator cannot generate its compressed air generation with atmospheric air, but at least partially with prestressed, that is to say already pressurized, air. All paths are closed in the zero position (13.3) of the lever control (13). The lift does not move.
- the release cylinder (16) of the anti-lowering device (10) is actuated during the lowering (13.2) through the line (15) parallel to the pneumatic control of the hydraulic valve (s) (9).
- the unlocking cylinder (16) has a compression spring (16.1) which wants to press the claw of the anti-lowering device (10.1) into the locking catches (10.2) of the locking rod (10.3).
- the unlocking cylinder (16) is pressurized, the compression spring (16.1) is compressed and the claw of the lowering safety device (10.1) moves out of the detent catch (10.2) of the detaching rod (10.3).
- the lift can move down.
- lowering protection (10) is shown in the locked state, in Fig. 2 in the unlocked state and in Fig. 3 symbolically.
- Another advantage is that the compressed air compressor available in every motor vehicle workshop is better utilized as the compressed air supply unit and no further drive unit is required.
- the compressed compressed air can be stored in the compressor tank, a lower electrical connection value is sufficient.
- the energy required for a lifting process can no longer be provided within the lifting time of the lift. This is particularly advantageous in areas that only have a single-phase power supply and lower voltages.
- Another advantage is the simple assembly. No electrical knowledge is required from the assembly staff and no electrical specialist is required for electrical commissioning.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10349065A DE10349065B3 (de) | 2003-10-22 | 2003-10-22 | Hydraulische 2-Stempel-Hebebühne |
PCT/DE2004/002293 WO2005040617A1 (de) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-15 | Hydraulische 2-stempelhebebühne |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1680603A1 true EP1680603A1 (de) | 2006-07-19 |
EP1680603B1 EP1680603B1 (de) | 2011-10-05 |
Family
ID=34484898
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04789995A Not-in-force EP1680603B1 (de) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-15 | Hydraulische 2-stempelhebebühne |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7530300B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1680603B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE527452T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10349065B3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005040617A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005027146B4 (de) * | 2005-06-11 | 2009-09-17 | Hyco Pacoma Gmbh | Liftzylindereinheit für eine Hebebühne |
FR2917079A1 (fr) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-12 | Renault Sas | Banc d'essais dynamique de vehicule automobile,comportant un pont elevateur |
DE102007029017B4 (de) * | 2007-06-23 | 2009-12-17 | Herrmann Ag | Vorrichtung zum Heben von Objekten, insbesondere für Fahrzeuge |
CN104895745A (zh) * | 2009-05-22 | 2015-09-09 | 通用压缩股份有限公司 | 压缩机和/或膨胀机装置 |
US8454321B2 (en) | 2009-05-22 | 2013-06-04 | General Compression, Inc. | Methods and devices for optimizing heat transfer within a compression and/or expansion device |
DE102009052977B4 (de) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-07-21 | Roland Hörnstein GmbH & Co. KG, 72285 | Hydraulische Fahrzeughebebühnenanlage |
AU2010336383B2 (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2015-05-28 | General Compression Inc. | Methods and devices for optimizing heat transfer within a compression and/or expansion device |
CN103477092A (zh) | 2010-12-07 | 2013-12-25 | 通用压缩股份有限公司 | 带有滚动活塞密封件的压缩机和/或膨胀机装置 |
WO2012096938A2 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2012-07-19 | General Compression, Inc. | Compressor and/or expander device |
US8572959B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2013-11-05 | General Compression, Inc. | Systems, methods and devices for the management of heat removal within a compression and/or expansion device or system |
AU2012205442B2 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2015-07-16 | General Compression, Inc. | Compressed gas storage and recovery system and method of operation systems |
DE102011016926A1 (de) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | Hans Balzer | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer im Boden versenkt angeordneten Hebeeinrichtung, und Verwendung einer solchen |
US8387375B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2013-03-05 | General Compression, Inc. | Systems and methods for optimizing thermal efficiency of a compressed air energy storage system |
US8522538B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2013-09-03 | General Compression, Inc. | Systems and methods for compressing and/or expanding a gas utilizing a bi-directional piston and hydraulic actuator |
IT201700056306A1 (it) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-24 | O Me R Spa | Ponte sollevatore |
CN109882464B (zh) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-10-27 | 天津大学 | 液压容错机构 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1725302A (en) * | 1924-07-25 | 1929-08-20 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Fluid-pressure-operated hoist |
US1919156A (en) * | 1930-05-13 | 1933-07-18 | Jr Thomas A Banning | Auto lift and the like |
US2339086A (en) * | 1941-08-16 | 1944-01-11 | Vadim S Makaroff | Booster and economizing system for air compressors |
US2637302A (en) * | 1949-11-12 | 1953-05-05 | Rotary Lift Company | Low oil control |
US2802457A (en) * | 1955-10-19 | 1957-08-13 | Globe Hoist Co | Lift apparatus |
DE1220571B (de) * | 1964-02-07 | 1966-07-07 | Siemag Masch Stahlbau | Gefaessfoerderanlage mit einen Vertikalschieberverschluss aufweisenden Gefaessen sowie eine Betaetigungseinrichtung fuer den Verschluss |
DE1933273U (de) * | 1965-07-16 | 1966-02-24 | Maerkisches Werk Gmbh | Hubzylinder fuer hebebuehnen od. dgl. |
DE1431975A1 (de) * | 1965-08-26 | 1969-01-30 | Guenther Heckmann | Druckmittelbetriebener Zweikreishubstempel fuer Hebebuehnen |
US3693500A (en) * | 1970-06-01 | 1972-09-26 | Gilbert & Barker Mfg Co | Fluid pressure controlled power unit |
US4452340A (en) * | 1980-09-24 | 1984-06-05 | Hernick Jack F | Multi-stage vehicle hoist |
DE9003685U1 (de) * | 1990-03-29 | 1990-06-07 | Franz Hoernstein Gmbh & Co. Kg, 7100 Heilbronn, De | |
DE19824081C2 (de) * | 1998-05-29 | 2001-09-13 | Autoperkute Maschb Gmbh | Hubvorrichtung, insbesondere Hebebühne für Kraftfahrzeuge |
-
2003
- 2003-10-22 DE DE10349065A patent/DE10349065B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-15 DE DE112004002593T patent/DE112004002593D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-15 AT AT04789995T patent/ATE527452T1/de active
- 2004-10-15 EP EP04789995A patent/EP1680603B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-10-15 US US10/595,452 patent/US7530300B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-15 WO PCT/DE2004/002293 patent/WO2005040617A1/de active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005040617A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10349065B3 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
DE112004002593D2 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
US20060289239A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
ATE527452T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
WO2005040617A1 (de) | 2005-05-06 |
EP1680603B1 (de) | 2011-10-05 |
US7530300B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 |
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