EP1564278A1 - ZUSAMMENSETZUNG MIT ORGANISCHER SUBSTANZMIT DOPPELBINDUNG MIT VERBESSERTER OXIDATIONSSTABILITûT - Google Patents

ZUSAMMENSETZUNG MIT ORGANISCHER SUBSTANZMIT DOPPELBINDUNG MIT VERBESSERTER OXIDATIONSSTABILITûT Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1564278A1
EP1564278A1 EP03774122A EP03774122A EP1564278A1 EP 1564278 A1 EP1564278 A1 EP 1564278A1 EP 03774122 A EP03774122 A EP 03774122A EP 03774122 A EP03774122 A EP 03774122A EP 1564278 A1 EP1564278 A1 EP 1564278A1
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Prior art keywords
fatty acid
oil
composition according
polyunsaturated fatty
sesame
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1564278B1 (de
EP1564278A4 (de
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Nobushige Doisaki
Tsuyoshi Koriyama
Jun Okano
Shuji Jinno
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Nissui Corp
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Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
    • A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
    • A23D9/013—Other fatty acid esters, e.g. phosphatides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/04—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds
    • C09K15/06—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
    • A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
    • A61K31/202—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids having three or more double bonds, e.g. linolenic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
    • A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
    • A61K31/232—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms having three or more double bonds, e.g. etretinate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/34—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
    • A61K31/341—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide not condensed with another ring, e.g. ranitidine, furosemide, bufetolol, muscarine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A61K8/361—Carboxylic acids having more than seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
    • A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
    • A61K8/498—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom having 6-membered rings or their condensed derivatives, e.g. coumarin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/67—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/67—Vitamins
    • A61K8/676—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
    • A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
    • A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/34—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing plant or animal materials of unknown composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C11B5/0021—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants containing oxygen
    • C11B5/0028—Carboxylic acids; Their derivates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
    • A61K2800/522—Antioxidants; Radical scavengers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition containing an organic substance having a double bond with improved oxidative stability. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition with improved oxidative stability that is prepared by adding an antioxidative sesame component and ascorbic acid or an ascorbyl fatty acid ester as antioxidants to an easily oxidizable organic substance having a double bond, such as a polyunsaturated fatty acid.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid refers to a fatty acid having at least three double bonds.
  • oils and fats particularly those containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, have physiologic activity. Accordingly, such oils and fats have been increasingly and widely used in food and animal feed as additives, from the viewpoint of health.
  • Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly contained in fish oil. It has been found that they have the effect of, for example, preventing hyperlipemia, high blood pressure, skin aging, and the like, and they have been used in medical drugs and food with health-promoting benefits. Unfortunately, oils and fats containing such a polyunsaturated fatty acid have low oxidative stability.
  • modified milk for babies to which fish oil containing docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid has been added is commercially available.
  • arachidonic acid plays an important role for growth and is contained in breast milk
  • addition of arachidonic acid to the modified baby milk has been attempted.
  • Encapsulated eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl esters are commercially available as medical drugs for oral administration.
  • Refined fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is also available in form of capsule as health food. Since these fatty acids are liable to be oxidized, their use is limited, except for use in capsules.
  • oils and fats can be powdered.
  • oil or fat may be encapsulated into microcapsules to be powdered, or enclosed with cyclodextrin and powdered so that stable powdered oil or fat is provided.
  • this approach makes the production steps complicated and decreases productivity.
  • capsules may be broken during storage, and the type of capsule applicable for food and animal feed is limited, disadvantageously.
  • antioxidants In order to enhance the oxidative stability of oils and fats, various types of antioxidant have been used. For example, plural types of antioxidant are used in combination, or a synergist, such as phosphoric acid, citric acid, or ascorbic acid, is added to an antioxidant to enhance the antioxidant properties.
  • a synergist such as phosphoric acid, citric acid, or ascorbic acid
  • BHT Dibutylhydroxytoluene
  • BHA butylhydroxyanisole
  • gallic acid propyl gallate
  • tocopherols and the like are approved as antioxidants for oils and fats and food containing oil or fat, in order to prevent oils and fats from oxidizing.
  • synthetic antioxidants are used, such as BHT, BHA, TBHQ, and ethoxyquin.
  • Sesame oil is relatively stable to oxidation, and it has been known since a long time ago that sesame contains antioxidative components, such as sesamol and other lignans (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 58-132076; Shoku no Kagaku, 225 (11) pp. 40-48 (1996); Shoku no Kagaku, 225 (11) pp. 32-36 (1996)).
  • Sesamol is an antioxidant for oils and fats and food containing oil or fat, and is approved as a food additive. It is however reported that sesamol is not effective for oils and fats exhibiting extremely low oxidative stability, such as fish oil (NOF Corporation, from fiscal Heisei 4 (1994) to Heisei 8 (1996), DHA Koudo Seisei Chushutsu Gijutsu Kaihatsu Jigyo, Kekka Gaiyou (DHA Koudo Seisei Chushutsu Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai) pp. 74-79 (2002)). Sesamol is not used for enhancing the oxidative stability of fish oil.
  • Ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid derivatives are also approved as food additives and used as antioxidants for oils and fats and food containing oil or fat. However, they are not effective for oils and fats exhibiting extremely low oxidative stability, such as fish oil, if they are used alone, and even their combined use with tocopherol does not produce satisfactory effects.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-142673 has disclosed a lipophilic antioxidant prepared by emulsifying gallic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant, and an oil-soluble antioxidant into a water-in-oil form with a lipophilic emulsifier.
  • examples of the water-soluble antioxidant include vitamin C, citric acid, chlorogenic acid, their derivatives, sugar-amino reaction products, proanthocyanidin, flavone derivatives, tea extracts, grape seed extracts, and rutin
  • examples of the oil-soluble antioxidant include tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, sesamol, and ⁇ -oryzanol.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an organic substance, particularly a polyunsaturated fatty acid or its ester, having a double bond with extremely improved oxidative stability.
  • the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive research in order to enhance the oxidative stability of oils and fats (oils and fats containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as oils of fish and aquatic animals).
  • oils and fats oils and fats containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as oils of fish and aquatic animals.
  • the oxidative stability of oils and fats can be extremely enhanced by adding an antioxidative component of sesame, such as sesamol, an ascorbic acid or ascorbyl fatty acid ester in combination.
  • the antioxidant properties of antioxidative sesame component other than sesamol are also extremely enhanced by combination with ascorbic acid or ascorbyl fatty acid ester, and thus accomplished the present invention.
  • the main points of the present invention are the composition described in the following (1) to (13).
  • the present invention can extremely enhance the oxidative stability of a composition containing an organic substance with low oxidative stability which has a double bond having active methylene, or a double bond at its end, particularly containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid.
  • the present invention can make easy the addition of a composition containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid to medical drugs, cosmetic preparations, food, and the like, which has been conventionally limited. Also, the content of such a composition can be increased. Since the antioxidative sesame component and ascorbic acid or an ascorbyl fatty acid ester used in the present invention have been ingested as food for a long time, a safe antioxidant can be provided for food as well.
  • the organic substance having a double bond, used in the present invention is liable to naturally oxidize even under storage at room temperature.
  • the organic substance has a double bond having active methylene, or a double bond at its end.
  • examples of such substances include unsaturated fats and polymer materials (monomers).
  • unsaturated fats polyunsaturated fatty acids having at least four double bonds are particularly easily oxidized, and accordingly conventionally used antioxidants cannot sufficiently prevent the oxidation.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid or its salt or ester used herein refers to a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a lower alcohol ester of the polyunsaturated fatty acid, and a triglyceride containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid as a constituent. Its examples include oils of fish and aquatic animals containing a high proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or the like, and their esters, such as eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester and docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid refers to a fatty acid having 3 or more double bonds.
  • Fatty acids having 4 or more double bonds are particularly effective.
  • Exemplary polyunsaturated fatty acids having 3 or more double bonds include ⁇ -linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.
  • polyunsaturated fatty acid-based compounds used in the present invention include esters of such fatty acids, such as methyl esters, ethyl esters, triglycerides, ditriglycerides, and monoglycerides.
  • Eicosapentaenoic acid is a generic name of fatty acids having a carbon number of 20 and five double bonds, and natural eicosapentaenoic acids are cis-type pentavalent straight-chain unsaturated n-3 fatty acids having double bonds at the 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 positions.
  • Docosahexaenoic acid is a straight-chain hexenoic acid having a carbon number of 22 and cis-double bonds at the 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19 positions.
  • These EPAs and DHAs derived from nature are contained in natural oils and fats, particularly in oils and fats of marine products, such as tuna, bonito, chub mackerel, sardine, and pacific cod. They may be present in a form of glyceride or other derivatives.
  • any material can be used as long as it results in an oil or fat containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid having 3 or more double bonds.
  • the material for oil or fat containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid include marine fish, such as sardine, chub mackerel, saury, tuna, and bonito; and fats derived from microorganisms; crustaceans, such as euphausiid and shrimp and lobster; fish oil; animal and vegetable oils; and genetically modified vegetable oils.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid having 3 or more double bonds can be concentrated by wintering or enzymatically treating oil or fat containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid.
  • the oil or fat containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid having 3 or more double bonds may be esterified with alcohol or hydrorified to fatty acid, and then subjected to distillation, urea addition, column treatment, enzymatic treatment, or supercritical carbon dioxide treatment.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid can be concentrated.
  • the antioxidant used in the present invention does not reduce substances that have been already oxidized. It is therefore necessary that oxides be removed from the organic substance having a double bond before adding the antioxidant. For a polyunsaturated fatty acid or its salt or ester, it is also necessary to remove oxides by degumming, deacidification, decolorization, deodorization, or the like.
  • the organic substance is refined to a PV of 3.0 meq/kg or less and an AV of 1.0 or less, and has no odor in terms of sensory testing.
  • the antioxidant used in the present invention does not reduce substances that have been already oxidized. It is therefore desired the organic substance to be added has a high refining degree as much as possible by removing oxides. Since odors resulting form oxidation are generated even by slight oxidation, it is necessary to sufficiently refine the organic substance before adding the antioxidant. If refined fish oil is used, it is preferably refined to a PV of 3.0 meq/kg or less and an AV of 1.0 or less so as to be odorless in terms of sensory testing.
  • Oil or fat constituted of the unsaturated fatty acid contained in the composition of the present invention may be acidified by hydrolysis or oxidation.
  • the oxidation produces hydroperoxides and decomposition products of the hydroperoxides deteriorate taste and flavor.
  • soybean oil is oxidized to produce propionaldehyde, 2-pentenal, caproic aldehyde, acetaldehyde, and crotonaldehyde.
  • These oxidation products from the polyunsaturated fatty acid are causes of disagreeable odors of fish oil, and thus a fishy odor peculiar to fish oil is generated.
  • Refined oils containing the unsaturated fatty acid such as fish oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, and rapeseed oil, may generate disagreeable odor or change in color in the very early stages of their oxidation. This phenomenon is called "Modori" (deterioration).
  • the "Modori" phenomenon in color of decolorized refined vegetable oil is caused by an oxidation product from vitamin E, chromane-5,6-quinone.
  • the present invention is intended to prevent the unsaturated fatty acid from oxidizing, and produces remarkable effects particularly in animal oil having a low oxidative stability.
  • the organic substance having a double bond, used in the present invention may be provided in form of tape, poultice, or adhesive tape that contains a medical drug using a polymer having a double bond as the base material.
  • the present invention can be applied to rubber polymers, such as butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, and styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer.
  • the composition of the present invention may be used in combination with an antioxidant generally used in these rubber polymers.
  • the antioxidative sesame component used in the present invention may be of phenol form.
  • examples such antioxidative components include sesamol, sesaminol, episesaminol, pilsinol, epihinoresinol, syringaresinol, samine, sesamolinol, and 2,3-di(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzyl)-2-buten-4-olide.
  • Fig. 6 the peaks of the HPLC chart, which were detected by an electrochemical detector, represent their respective antioxidative components. This chart shows that sesame contains many antioxidative components. While these components, including sesamol, can produce a satisfactory effect independently, mixtures of these components exhibit stronger antioxidant properties.
  • the antioxidative sesame components may be used singly or in combination.
  • the antioxidative sesame component used in the present invention may be highly purified antioxidative component from sesame, or a lightly purified antioxidative component including sesamol, which is also containing the other substance derived from sesame, such as sesame lignan, or tocopherol.
  • the antioxidative sesame component may be synthesized.
  • sesame oil may be used as it is, as long as there is no problem with the odor peculiar to sesame oil.
  • the antioxidative component can be extracted from sesame seeds, sesame oil, or degreased sesame residue after expressing sesame oil.
  • it can be obtained from scum, which is a component prepared by distillation during deodorization of sesame oil.
  • roasted sesame is used because the antioxidative component is increased by roasting. Since non-roasted sesame contains a certain proportion of antioxidative component, it can also be used.
  • the principal constituent or neutral lipid be expressed, or removed with a nonpolar solvent, such as hexane.
  • sesame oil can be used as it is, its application is limited because the absolute quantity of the neutral lipid is high and, accordingly, the antioxidative component content is low.
  • the sesame extract used in the present invention may be prepared by any method, as long as antioxidative components such as represented by HPLS peaks shown in Fig. 6 can be extracted.
  • the antioxidative components can be extracted by use of a solvent, a lipid, or an emulsifier.
  • the antioxidative components can be extracted from sesame, sesame oil, or sesame residue by use of organic solvents, such as nitrous oxide, acetone, ethanol, ethyl methyl ketone, glycerol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, diethyl ether, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, carbon dioxide, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, butane, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, propane, propylene glycol, hexane, and methanol; lipids, such as triglyceride, diglyceride, and monoglyceride; and emulsifiers, such as propylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, and sorbitan fatty acid esters.
  • organic solvents such as nitrous oxide, ace
  • the amount of antioxidant used in the external composition can be varied depending on the storage conditions and period or the base material used. If sesamol of sesame is used as the antioxidant, a content of 0.5% or more to the polyunsaturated fatty acid is effective. 1% or more is preferable. Although at most about 0.1% of ascorbyl fatty acid ester can be dissolved in the polyunsaturated fatty acid, it can be appropriately increased according to the application because the duration of antioxidant properties can be enhanced by adding an excessive amount of the antioxidant. For example, a composition prepared by adding 0.1% of sesamol and 0.1% of ascorbyl palmitate to refined fish oil can be preserved for 2 to 3 months at room temperature under open conditions.
  • ascorbic acid or ascorbyl fatty acid ester used in the present invention examples include ascorbic acid and ascorbyl fatty acid esters such as ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbyl stearate.
  • salts of ascorbic acid can also be used. Preferred are materials having a high solubility in lipids.
  • the antioxidant properties can be further maintained by using an excessive amount of the antioxidant more than its soluble amount. Since it is considered that the antioxidant used for oil or fat is not effective unless it is dissolved, an amount of antioxidant more than saturated concentration is not generally added. However, as shown in Examples 11 and 12, the antioxidant properties can be further maintained by adding an excessive amount of ascorbic acid or an ascorbyl fatty acid ester, rather than by adding a saturated concentration. The presence of an excessive amount of ascorbic acid or ascorbyl fatty acid ester is effective even if the antioxidative sesame component is constant.
  • the excessive amount of ascorbic acid or ascorbyl fatty acid ester is effective irrespective of whether it is in powder form or solid form. If the ascorbic acid or ascorbyl fatty acid ester is used under conditions not allowing natural diffusion, preferably, it is finely powdered and uniformly dispersed.
  • a tocopherol may be added.
  • the tocopherol may be selected from among ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, and ⁇ -tocopherols and mixed tocopherol, but preferably ⁇ -tocopherol is used.
  • Tocopherol is often added to commercially available polyunsaturated fatty acids and their salts and esters, such as refined fish oil, in the stage of production. Hence, use of these raw materials naturally results in a product containing tocopherol. Whether tocopherol is present or absent does not affect the synergistic effect of the antioxidative sesame component and the ascorbic acid or ascorbyl fatty acid ester.
  • the oil or fat whose oxidative stability has been enhanced by adding an antioxidative sesame component and ascorbic acid or an ascorbyl fatty acid ester can exhibit satisfactory oxidative stability alone, but it may be used in combination with another antioxidant. Also, it may be mixed with another oil or fat having superior oxidative stability (for example, vegetable oil).
  • Other antioxidants include erythorbic acid, sodium erythorbate, isopropyl citrate, dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT), and butylhydroxyanisole (BHA).
  • Antioxidants used in combination in food include: food additives, such as tocopherols, hollyhock flower extract, Azuki extract, aspergillus terreus extract, calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, ellagic acid, erythorbic acid, sodium erythorbate, enju extract, ⁇ -oryzanol, catechin, licorice oil extract, guajac resin, quercetin, isopropyl citrate, clove extract, enzymatically modified isoquercitrin, enzymatically modified rutin (extract), enzymatically decomposed apple extract, sesame seed oil unsaponifiable matter, rice bran oil extract, enzymatically decomposed rice bran, L-cysteine hydrochloride, dibutylhydroxytoluene, Queensland arrowroot extract, essential oil-removed fennel extract, horserad
  • the composition of the present invention Since the composition of the present invention has superior oxidative stability, it can be added to various types of food. For example, skimmed milk, milk casein, milk protein, lactose, oligosaccharide, cane sugar, or dextrin is dissolved in hot water to mix, and then vitamins and minerals are dissolved in the water phase.
  • the oil or fat of the present invention is added to the water phase and mixed with a homo-mixer or the like, followed by homogenizing with a homogenizer. The resulting emulsion is sterilized, concentrated, or spray-dried in the usual manner to yield modified powder milk.
  • the composition of the present invention may be powdered oil using various types of powder base material in the same manner. If the composition is added to food, it is determined whether the composition is in oil or fat form or powdered oil form, depending on the characteristics of the food. The composition may be added to general food, or encapsulated or tableted to prepare health food or a supplement.
  • the following materials were used as the refined fish oil, sesamol, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbic acid, ⁇ -tocopherol.
  • antioxidant preparations were added separately to refined fish oil (containing 0.5% by weight of ⁇ -tocopherol) to prepare samples.
  • Fig. 1 shows that the combined use of sesamol and ascorbyl palmitate in the refined fish oil reduced the amount of absorbed oxygen and much more increased the oxidative stability of the refined fish oil than the case where sesamol or ascorbyl palmitate was singly added.
  • antioxidant preparations were added separately to refined fish oil (containing 0.5% by weight of ⁇ -tocopherol) to prepare samples.
  • Fig. 2 shows that the combined use of sesamol and ascorbic acid in the refined fish oil reduced the amount of absorbed oxygen and much more increased the oxidative stability of the refined fish oil than the case where ascorbic acid was singly added.
  • the antioxidant preparations constituted of ⁇ -tocopherol, sesamol, and ascorbyl palmitate in the following proportions were added separately to refined fish oil (containing 0.5% by weight of ⁇ -tocopherol) to prepare samples.
  • Fig. 3 shows the results. The results suggest that as the contents of sesamol and ascorbyl palmitate in the refined fish oil are increased, the amount of absorbed oxygen is reduced, and that the oxidative stability of the refined fish oil can be increased with content dependence.
  • antioxidant preparations were added separately to refined fish oil (containing 0.5% by weight of ⁇ -tocopherol) to prepare samples.
  • Roasted sesame residue extract 1 was subjected to a measurement by high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector. The measurement was performed under the following conditions. The chart was shown in Fig. 6. Since the peaks were detected by the electrochemical detector, all the substances represented by the peaks have antioxidant properties. Thus, it is shown that the roasted sesame residue contains many antioxidative components, including sesamol and pinoresinol.
  • Samples were prepared by adding the following antioxidant preparations separately to refined fish oil (containing 0.5% by weight of ⁇ -tocopherol).
  • Samples were prepared by separately adding antioxidant preparations of Example 6: roasted sesame residue extract 1 (1.0% by weight) + ascorbyl palmitate (0.1% by weight); and roasted sesame residue extract 2 (1.0% by weight) + ascorbyl palmitate (0.1% by weight).
  • roasted sesame residue extract 1 (1.0% by weight) + ascorbyl palmitate (0.1% by weight
  • roasted sesame residue extract 2 (1.0% by weight) + ascorbyl palmitate (0.1% by weight).
  • 20 mL brown bottles were placed 10 mL of the samples separately. Each mixture was stored at 60°C with the bottle open, and changes in concentration of malondialdehyde and alkenals were measured during storage with SafTest produced by Saftest Inc. The results are shown in Figs. 8 and 9.
  • Sesaminol obtained from roasted sesame residue extract 3 with a silica gel open column ODS-HPLC was used instead of the sesamol of Example 1. As a result, the same effect was produced.
  • Pinoresinol obtained from roasted sesame residue extract 3 with a silica gel open column ODS-HPLC was used instead of the sesamol of Example 1. As a result, the same effect was produced.
  • antioxidant preparations were added separately to refined fish oil (containing 0.5% by weight of ⁇ -tocopherol) to prepare samples.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 The results show that, in either case, ascorbyl palmitate was consumed (oxidized) to be lost first, and then the refined fish oil, ⁇ -tocopherol, and sesamol simultaneously started oxidizing. It is therefore assumed that ascorbyl palmitate plays an important role when the antioxidant preparation contains ⁇ -tocopherol, sesamol, and ascorbyl palmitate. In order to confirm this assumption, 0.1% of ascorbyl palmitate was further added to the same system as in Fig. 11 on day four. The results are shown in Fig. 12. Fig. 11 shows that the oil was not oxidized until ascorbyl palmitate was consumed (around day ten); Fig. 12, in which ascorbyl palmitate was added on day four, shows that oxidation of the oil was continuously suppressed even after day ten.
  • Samples were prepared by adding the following antioxidant preparations separately to eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester with a purity of 99% (containing 0.2% of ⁇ -tocopherol).
  • the antioxidant preparation of the present invention was compared with t-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), which is an antioxidant generally used.
  • BHT t-butylhydroxytoluene
  • Fig. 14 shows the comparison of the antioxidant properties between BHT and the antioxidant preparation of the present invention.
  • the results show that the antioxidant preparation of the present invention exhibited higher antioxidant property than the same amount (1.5%) of BHT as the total amounts of the antioxidants in the antioxidant preparation of the present invention, and also than a much larger amount (10.0%) of BHT.
  • the present invention can provide oils and fats having oxidative stability far superior to known oils and fats containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Consequently, when a polyunsaturated fatty acid is added to food, medical drugs, and the like for health promotion, such products can be easily produced and preserved. Also, the types of food to which the composition is added and the polyunsaturated fatty acid content can be easily increased. Specifically, general-purpose refined fish oil containing EPA and DHA can be provided for health food or the like.

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KR20110053281A (ko) 2011-05-19
CN100348184C (zh) 2007-11-14
KR20050072144A (ko) 2005-07-08
US20060134178A1 (en) 2006-06-22
CN1714135A (zh) 2005-12-28
EP1571195A4 (de) 2009-08-26
JPWO2004048496A1 (ja) 2006-03-23
WO2004048496A1 (ja) 2004-06-10
EP1564278B1 (de) 2018-01-10
ZA200504059B (en) 2007-12-27
CA2506611A1 (en) 2004-06-10
TW200417595A (en) 2004-09-16
AU2003284617A1 (en) 2004-06-18
AU2003284633B2 (en) 2008-07-10
JPWO2004048497A1 (ja) 2006-03-30
US8722104B2 (en) 2014-05-13
CN1714136A (zh) 2005-12-28
US20060289834A1 (en) 2006-12-28
CN100352889C (zh) 2007-12-05
KR20050083960A (ko) 2005-08-26
EP1564278A4 (de) 2009-04-22
KR101045035B1 (ko) 2011-06-30
NZ540154A (en) 2008-07-31
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JP4424743B2 (ja) 2010-03-03
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