EP1454869B1 - Personenbeförderungseinrichtung - Google Patents

Personenbeförderungseinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1454869B1
EP1454869B1 EP01274915A EP01274915A EP1454869B1 EP 1454869 B1 EP1454869 B1 EP 1454869B1 EP 01274915 A EP01274915 A EP 01274915A EP 01274915 A EP01274915 A EP 01274915A EP 1454869 B1 EP1454869 B1 EP 1454869B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stairs
balustrade
slope
handrail
moving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01274915A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1454869A1 (de
EP1454869A4 (de
Inventor
Chuichi c/o Hitachi Ltd. SAITOH
Kazuhira c/o Hitachi Ltd. OJIMA
Tetsuya c/o Hitachi Mito Eng. Co. Ltd. TAKAHASHI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Hitachi Mito Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Hitachi Mito Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi Mito Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Publication of EP1454869A1 publication Critical patent/EP1454869A1/de
Publication of EP1454869A4 publication Critical patent/EP1454869A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1454869B1 publication Critical patent/EP1454869B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B23/00—Component parts of escalators or moving walkways
    • B66B23/22—Balustrades
    • B66B23/225—Lighting systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B23/00—Component parts of escalators or moving walkways
    • B66B23/02—Driving gear
    • B66B23/026—Driving gear with a drive or carrying sprocket wheel located at end portions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a passenger conveyor such as an escalator, an electrically operated road and the like, and more particularly to a passenger conveyor which is preferably placed in a narrow place.
  • the former of the prior arts mentioned above has an advantage that the width can be made narrower at a degree by which extra drive chain and drive sprocket for power transmission can be omitted by directly driving the stairs and the stairs chain by the electric motor.
  • the latter of the prior arts can make the passenger to get on the passenger conveyor on the safe side in a point that it is possible to reduce a change that the baggage of the passenger hits the balustrade panel.
  • the baggage hits the step portion such as a back side of a member guiding the moving handrail or the like, and there is a problem that an overturning trouble of the passenger is brought about.
  • JP-A-2001 139 273 discloses a passenger conveyor with the features of the pre-characterizing portion of Claim 1. Another related passenger conveyor is disclosed in US-A-5 135 097 .
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a passenger conveyor which can sufficiently reduce a width.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a passenger conveyor on which a passenger can get with slowing down even in the case that a width is reduced, and a baggage or the like can be prevented from hitting a back side of a member for guiding a moving handrail at a time of getting off.
  • a teeth portion of a drive sprocket which is coaxially provided in a main sprocket winding a stairs chain for connecting a plurality of step boards, and right and left side frames constituting a main frame are overlapped in a vertical projection.
  • an interval between opposing inner surfaces of balustrades provided in a rising manner in both sides of the stairs in a moving direction is formed wider than an interval between the moving handrails, and the expanded inner surface interval is formed so as to get close to the moving handrail interval step by step in a terminal end portion of the balustrade in a longitudinal direction.
  • the teeth portion of the drive sprocket and the side frames of the main frame are arranged so as to be overlapped in the vertical projection, it is possible to do away with a gap existing between the teeth portion of the drive sprocket and the side frames, and it is possible to get the side frames close to the drive sprocket at that degree, so that it is possible to reduce a width of the main frame.
  • the baggage or the like of the passenger since the baggage or the like of the passenger is not in contact with the balustrade by making the interval between the right and left balustrade inner surfaces wider than the interval between the moving handrails, the passenger can get on the conveyor with slowing down. Further, since the expanded inner surface interval is formed so as to get close to the moving handrail interval step by step in the terminal end portion of the balustrade in the longitudinal direction, the baggage or the like does not hit the back side or the like of the member guiding the moving handrail at a time when the passenger get off.
  • an escalator 1 is structured on the basis of a main frame 4 placed between an upper floor 2 and a lower floor 3 in an architectural structure.
  • the main frame 4 is constituted, as shown in Fig. 3 , by a pair of left and right side frames 5A and 5B, a bottom plate 6 and cross beams 7 which connect the left and right side frames 5A and 58.
  • the side frames 5A and 5B are constituted by a top cord member 8A and a lower cord member 83 which extend in a longitudinal direction of the escalator, and a vertical member 9 which connects the top cord member 8A and the bottom cord member 8B.
  • An upper horizontal portion 10 constituting an upper machine room is formed in a side of the upper floor 2 of the main frame 4 in the structure mentioned above, a lower horizontal portion 11 constituting a lower machine room is formed in a side of the lower floor 3, and a slope portion 12 is connected between the upper horizontal portion 10 and the lower horizontal portion 11.
  • an upper portion of the upper horizontal portion 10 and an upper portion of the lower horizontal portion 11 are closed by entrance floors 10F and 11 F by which a passenger gets on and off.
  • a pair of main sprockets 13 and a pair of driven sprockets 14 are pivotally supported below the entrance floors 10F and 11 F of the upper horizontal portion 10 and the lower horizontal portion 11 of the main frame 4 structured in the manner mentioned above, respectively.
  • a pair of main sprockets 13 are fixed to a drive shaft 15, and both end portions of the drive shaft 15 are rotatably supported by a bearing 16.
  • the bearing 16 is fixed to vertical members 9 of the side frames 5A and 5B, and a vertical projection of the bearing exists within a width h of side frames 5A and 5B.
  • An endless stair chain 17 is wound around the main sprocket 13 and the driven sprocket 14, and a stair 18 is connected to the stair chain 17.
  • the stair 18 has a front wheel 19A and a rear wheel 19B which travel on a guide rail placed within the main frame 4. Further, the front wheel 19A is rotatably supported to a front wheel shaft protruding in a width direction of the stair 17, and a lot of stairs 18 can be connected to the stair chain 17 by connecting the front wheel shaft to the stair chain 17.
  • a balustrade 20 is provided in a rising manner in each of the side frames 5A and 5B, and a moving handrail 21 is guided to a peripheral edge of the balustrade 20.
  • the balustrade 20 is provided with a support column 22 which is provided in a rising manner in the top chord member 8A of the side frames 5A and 5B, a handrail frame 23 which is supported to an upper end of the support column 22, a balustrade panel 24 which has an upper end supported to an upper end of the support column 22 within the handrail frame 23 and a lower end supported to a lower end portion of the support column 22, and is positioned in a side of the stair 18 of the support column 22, an inner deck cover 26 which covers a lower portion of the balustrade panel 24, a skirt guard 27 which sections between the inner deck cover 26 and the stair 18, and an outer deck cover 25 which is provided in an outer side of the handrail frame 23.
  • a decorative outward packing board 28 is provided in an outer side of the balustrade 20 in a side of the stairs S vertically from the outer deck cover 25, the handrail 23 of the balustrade 20 in the side of the wall W is close to the wall W, a gap therebetween is closed by the outer deck cover 25, whereby an execution of the outward packing board 28 is omitted.
  • the balustrade panel 24 of the balustrade 20 structured in the manner mentioned above has a peripheral edge portion 29 in which an end portion is faced into the handrail frame 23, a base portion in which an end portion is faced into the inner deck cover 26, an inner surface portion 31 which is positioned in an opposite stair side with respect to the peripheral edge portion 29 and the base portion 30 and has a height H corresponding to most of a vertical height, and slope portions 32A and 32B which are formed at an angle 01 equal to or more than 90 degree with respect to the inner surface portion 31 between the inner surface portion 31 and the peripheral edge portion 29, and the base portion 30.
  • a recess portion open to the stair 18 is entirely formed by the inner surface portion 31, the peripheral edge portion 29 and the base portion 30.
  • the recess portion having the inner surface portion 31 with the height H is formed approximately all along the length of the balustrade 20, guides a baggage of the passenger to the stair side as shown in arrows B and C in Fig. 5 , and is formed such as to be connected to the peripheral edge portion 29 via the slope portion 32A in a terminal end portion in a longitudinal direction of the balustrade 20. Further, the recess portion is expanded only at a width Wa in one side from a center A of the moving handrail 21, and the width Wa contributes to expansion in an upper side of the passenger's foot. In this case, the recess portion is a linear recess portion which is formed by the peripheral edge portion 29, the base portion 30 and the inner surface portion 31, however, may be formed as an entirely curved surface.
  • the slope portion 32A between the peripheral edge portion 29 and the inner surface portion 31 in the balustrade panel 24 has a slope angle which does not cross the handrail frame 23 on a slope extension.
  • the slope portion 32B between the base portion 30 and the inner surface portion 31 has a slope angle which does not cross the inner deck cover 26 on a slope extension.
  • a slope angle 02 ( Fig. 6 ) of the slope portion 32A in the terminal end portion of the balustrade 20 in the longitudinal direction is formed larger than the angle 01 mentioned above, whereby it is possible to smoothly guide the baggage of the passenger getting off the escalator positioned within the recess portion of the balustrade panel 24 as shown by an arrow E.
  • the structure in which the slope extension of the slope portion 32A does not cross the handrail frame 23 is not essential, and there is no problem that the slope extension of the slope portion 32A may cross the handrail frame 23 as far as a large step is not generated with respect to the handrail frame 23.
  • an operation switch 50 such as a start switch and a stop switch of the escalator 1 are provided in the slope portion 32A in Fig. 6 which forms the terminal end slope surface of the terminal end portion in the longitudinal direction of the balustrade panel 24, and a switch box 51 is mounted to a back side thereof.
  • a function improving effect of an operability that is, an easily remarkable function and an easily operable function.
  • the inner surface portion 31 is a surface which is apart from the moving handrail of the balustrade described in claim 1, and the slope portion 32A forms a surface which moves close to the moving handrail.
  • the recess portion provided in the balustrade in the portion surrounded by the moving handrail described in claim 2 is a recess portion formed by the inner surface portion 31, the peripheral edge portion 29 and the base portion 30.
  • the interval of the balustrade panel described in claim 3 is an interval between the right and left balustrade panels 24, the expanded balustrade panel interval is an interval W1 between the right and left inner surface portions 31, and the interval of the moving handrail is an interval W2 between the right and left moving handrails 21.
  • a drive sprocket 33 is fixed to an opposite stair side of one main sprocket 13.
  • the drive sprocket 33 is formed in a dish shape expanding toward the bearing 16, and a teeth portion formed in an outer periphery is formed such that the teeth portion of the drive sprocket 33 and the side frame 5A overlap seen from a flat face while facing into the width h of the side frame 5A in the main frame 4, in other words, the teeth portion of the drive sprocket 33 and the side frame 5A are arranged such that vertical projections thereof lap over each other. Accordingly, three elements comprising the teeth portion of the drive sprocket 33, the bearing 16 and the side frame 5A of the main frame 4 are positioned within the width h of the side frame 5A such that the vertical projections thereof overlap each other.
  • a power transmission chain 34 is wound around the teeth portion of the drive sprocket 33, and the power transmission chain 34 is wound around a sprocket 36 of a driving machine apparatus 35 placed within the upper horizontal portion 10 of the main frame 4 corresponding to an outer side of a reciprocating passage of the stairs 18.
  • the driving machine apparatus 35 is constituted by an electric motor 37, a reduction gear 38, a brake 39 and the like, however, the reduction gear 39 is not necessarily required.
  • a handrail drive sprocket 40 is fixed to an opposite side to the stair in each of a pair of main sprockets 13, and a handrail drive chain 41 is wound around the handrail drive sprocket 40 as shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the handrail drive chain 41 is structured such as to drive a handrail drive apparatus 43 ( Fig. 2 ) via a turning roller 42.
  • the handrail drive apparatus 43 is structured such as to drive a return side of the moving handrail 21 in an inner side of the balustrade 20 by a well-known means.
  • the drive mechanism apparatus 35 is placed in an outer side in the longitudinal direction from a moving locus in a turning portion of the stairs 18, a maintenance and inspection space is not blocked by the stairs in comparison with the structure in which the driving machine apparatus is attached to a periphery of the drive shaft 15, and it is possible to easily maintain and inspect the driving machine apparatus 35.
  • the escalator 1 In the case of placing the narrow escalator 1 having the structure mentioned above in a narrow place of an architectural structure, for example, the existing stairs of a station house or the like, the escalator 1 is normally placed close to one wall W in a width direction of the stairs S, as shown in Fig. 1 , and the balustrade 20 in an opposite side of the escalator 1 to the wall W is formed as a partition wall between the stairs S and the escalator 1.
  • the width of the stairs S utilized by the passenger becomes narrow, however, since the installation width Wo of the escalator 1 is narrow as mentioned above, it is possible to reduce the used width of the stairs S to the minimum.
  • the recess portion is actually formed by denting the balustrade panel 24 arranged vertically at the positions of the peripheral edge portion 29 and the base portion 30 to the outer direction of the escalator 1, an occasion that the baggage is in contact with the balustrade panel 24 is reduced even if the passenger gets on the escalator while directing the baggage to the balustrade panel 24, so that the passenger can gets on the escalator with slowing down.
  • the slope portion 32A is formed in the balustrade panel 24 formed in the recess portion, and is inclined at the slope angle by which the slope extension of the slope portion 32A does not cross the handrail frame 23, the passenger reaches the getting-off port in a state in which the passenger makes the baggage to face to the recess portion of the balustrade panel 24. Accordingly, even if the passenger is going to get off the escalator in this state, the baggage is guided to the stairs side along the slope portion 32A, so that the baggage does not come into collision with the back side of the handrail 23 corresponding to the member for guiding the moving handrail 21, and it is possible to prevent the overturning trouble due to the baggage collision.
  • Fig. 7 shows the other embodiment which is an example useful to understand the present invention and which is largely different from the embodiment mentioned above in the structure of the balustrade, and has the same structures as those of the embodiment mentioned above in the structure of the main frame, the stairs and the drive mechanism of the moving handrail.
  • a balustrade 60 in this embodiment is constituted by a balustrade panel 61 which is vertically fixed to the side frame 5A via a fixing device 62, a handrail frame 23 which is fixed to a peripheral edge of the balustrade panel 61 via a fixing device 63 and guides the moving handrail 21, a covering body 64 which is fixed to the fixing device 63 in the peripheral edge of the balustrade panel 61 and covers a lower portion of the fixing device 63, an inner deck cover 65 which covers a base portion of the balustrade panel 61 and an upper portion in a side of the fixing device 62, the skirt guard 27 which sections between the inner deck cover 65 and the stairs 18, and the outer deck cover 25 which is placed between the handrail frame 23 and the peripheral edge of the balustrade panel 61.
  • the balustrade panel 61 is formed, for example, by a reinforced glass plate, a reinforced synthetic resin plate or the like, and has the same function serving as a design product as that of the outward packing product in the embodiment mentioned above. Further, the covering body 64 is placed at a slant with respect to the balustrade panel 61, and the slope is set more gentle that the slope of the covering body 64 placed so as to oppose to the stairs moving section, such that a direction of the baggage of the passenger is not rapidly changed in the terminal end portion in the longitudinal direction of the balustrade.
  • balustrade 60 having the structure mentioned above, since the support column 22, the balustrade panel 24 and the outward packing plate 28 in the embodiment mentioned above are structured by one balustrade panel 61, it is possible to further expand an interval W3 between a pair of opposing balustrade panels 61 in comparison with the interval W1 between the balustrade panels 24 in accordance with the embodiment mentioned above.
  • balustrade lighting equipment built-in by utilizing a space 66 which is formed between an upper end (a peripheral edge) of the balustrade panel 61 and the handrail 23 by the covering body 64, whereby it is possible to provide the balustrade 60 with light.
  • an operation switch may be provided in a terminal end portion in a balustrade longitudinal direction of the covering body 64, in the same manner as that of the embodiment.
  • the embodiment mentioned above is described on the basis of the escalator which is exemplified as the passenger conveyor.
  • the present invention can be applied to an electrically operated road in which no step is generated between the step plates.
  • the structure of the embodiments mentioned above and claims can be applied by replacing the stairs described in the embodiments mentioned above and claims by the step plate.
  • the passenger conveyor which can sufficiently reduce the width, and it is possible to obtain the passenger conveyor which the passenger can get on even in the case that the width is reduced, and the baggage does not come into collision with the member for guiding the moving handrail at a time when the passenger gets off.

Claims (3)

  1. Personenbeförderungseinrichtung, umfassend
    Balustraden (20), die auf beiden Seiten einer Treppenreihe vorgesehen sind, die auf eine Endlosweise verbunden ist und sich auf eine zirkulierende Weise bewegt, und
    sich bewegende Handschienen (21), die sich synchron zur Treppenreihe bewegen und an Außenkanten der Balustraden geführt sind,
    wobei die Innenfläche (31) der Balustradenwand jeder der Balustraden, die der Treppenreihe zugewandt ist, bezüglich einer Mittellinie (A) der sich bewegenden Handschiene zurückgesetzt ist und auf der der Mittellinie bezüglich der Treppenreihe gegenüberliegenden Seite positioniert ist,
    gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass jede der Balustraden umfasst
    eine Stützsäule (22), die in einer aufsteigenden Weise in einem Obergurtelement (8A) des Rahmens (5A) der Beförderungseinrichtung vorgesehen ist;
    einen Handschienenrahmen (23), der an einem oberen Ende der Stützsäule gestützt ist;
    eine Balustradenwand (24) mit einem zusammen mit dem oberen Ende der Stützsäule innerhalb des Handschienenrahmens gestützten oberen Ende und einem an einem unteren Ende der Stützsäule gestützten unteren Ende, wobei die Balustradenwand an der der Treppenreihe zugewandten Seite der Stützsäule positioniert ist; und
    eine Innenabdeckung (26), die einen unteren Abschnitt der Balustrade abdeckt;
    wobei die Balustradenwand umfasst
    einen in den Handschienenrahmen hineinragenden Außenkantenabschnitt (29);
    einen in die Innenabdeckung hineinragenden Basisabschnitt (30);
    eine zwischen dem Außenkantenabschnitt und dem Basisabschnitt vorgesehene Innenfläche (31);
    einen ersten Neigungsabschnitt (32A), der zwischen der Innenfläche und dem Außenkantenabschnitt in einem ersten Winkel von 90° oder mehr bezüglich der Innenfläche verläuft; und
    einen zweiten Neigungsabschnitt (32B), der zwischen der Innenfläche und dem Basisabschnitt in einem zweiten Winkel von 90° oder mehr bezüglich der Innenfläche verläuft.
  2. Personenbeförderungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste Winkel so eingestellt ist, dass die Verlängerung des ersten Neigungsabschnitts (32A) in der Neigungsrichtung nicht den Handschienenrahmen (23) schneidet, und wobei der zweite Winkel so eingestellt ist, dass die Verlängerung des zweiten Neigungsabschnitts (32B) in der Neigungsrichtung nicht die Innenabdeckung (26) schneidet.
  3. Personenbeförderungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste Winkel an einem Abschlussendabschnitt der Balustraden in der Bewegungsrichtung der Treppenstufen größer als der zweite Winkel eingestellt ist.
EP01274915A 2001-12-07 2001-12-07 Personenbeförderungseinrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1454869B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2001/010730 WO2003048021A1 (fr) 2001-12-07 2001-12-07 Dispositif de transport de passagers

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1454869A1 EP1454869A1 (de) 2004-09-08
EP1454869A4 EP1454869A4 (de) 2006-11-15
EP1454869B1 true EP1454869B1 (de) 2013-02-20

Family

ID=11738009

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01274915A Expired - Lifetime EP1454869B1 (de) 2001-12-07 2001-12-07 Personenbeförderungseinrichtung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1454869B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4051343B2 (de)
CN (2) CN100560465C (de)
AU (1) AU2002222588A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2003048021A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4994118B2 (ja) * 2007-05-30 2012-08-08 株式会社日立製作所 乗客コンベア
JP5010984B2 (ja) * 2007-05-30 2012-08-29 株式会社日立製作所 乗客コンベア
JP2008308288A (ja) * 2007-06-14 2008-12-25 Hitachi Ltd 乗客コンベア
JP4827942B2 (ja) * 2009-03-13 2011-11-30 株式会社日立製作所 乗客コンベア
CN102020182B (zh) * 2010-12-16 2012-12-12 江南嘉捷电梯股份有限公司 自动扶梯或自动人行道上扶手端部装置
JP2013184796A (ja) * 2012-03-08 2013-09-19 Hitachi Ltd 乗客コンベア
CN102756970A (zh) * 2012-07-17 2012-10-31 江南嘉捷电梯股份有限公司 防止小推车撞击扶手带的装置
CN102963804A (zh) * 2012-11-26 2013-03-13 康力电梯股份有限公司 一种梯级链减震机构
CN106115444A (zh) * 2016-08-19 2016-11-16 广东广都电扶梯部件有限公司 一种手扶电梯导轨连接结构
CN108246647B (zh) * 2018-04-02 2019-09-24 冯贵良 一种农产品自动分拣装置及其控制方法

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JPS4329707Y1 (de) * 1965-04-07 1968-12-05
JPS4934309Y1 (de) * 1970-06-11 1974-09-17
JPS4935399B1 (de) * 1970-12-11 1974-09-21
JPS481389U (de) * 1971-05-21 1973-01-09
JPS5830237B2 (ja) * 1979-07-06 1983-06-28 株式会社日立製作所 マンコンベアの欄干
JPS56117978A (en) * 1980-02-20 1981-09-16 Hitachi Ltd Driving device for man conveyor
JPS61122278U (de) * 1985-01-21 1986-08-01
JPS61169490A (ja) * 1985-01-22 1986-07-31 三菱電機株式会社 乗客コンベアの欄干
JPS6331075U (de) * 1986-08-13 1988-02-29
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JP2507670B2 (ja) * 1990-05-30 1996-06-12 株式会社日立製作所 乗客コンベア
JPH07277650A (ja) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-24 Hitachi Building Syst Eng & Service Co Ltd 乗客コンベアにおける安全装置
ATE226557T1 (de) * 1996-02-29 2002-11-15 Kone Corp Vorrichtung und antrieb zum transport von personen
JPH10194647A (ja) * 1997-01-17 1998-07-28 Toshiba Elevator Prod Kk 乗客コンベア
JP2000302364A (ja) * 1999-04-19 2000-10-31 Toshiba Elevator Co Ltd 乗客コンベアの駆動装置
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JP4266504B2 (ja) * 2000-08-31 2009-05-20 東芝エレベータプロダクツ株式会社 マンコンベア

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002222588A1 (en) 2003-06-17
CN100560465C (zh) 2009-11-18
JP4051343B2 (ja) 2008-02-20
CN1318289C (zh) 2007-05-30
CN1561311A (zh) 2005-01-05
CN101041409A (zh) 2007-09-26
EP1454869A1 (de) 2004-09-08
JPWO2003048021A1 (ja) 2005-04-14
WO2003048021A1 (fr) 2003-06-12
EP1454869A4 (de) 2006-11-15

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