EP1282203A2 - Elektrischer Steckverbinder - Google Patents
Elektrischer Steckverbinder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1282203A2 EP1282203A2 EP02016235A EP02016235A EP1282203A2 EP 1282203 A2 EP1282203 A2 EP 1282203A2 EP 02016235 A EP02016235 A EP 02016235A EP 02016235 A EP02016235 A EP 02016235A EP 1282203 A2 EP1282203 A2 EP 1282203A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- connector according
- cable guide
- housing
- cable
- insulation displacement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
- H01R4/2416—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type
- H01R4/242—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type the contact members being plates having a single slot
- H01R4/2425—Flat plates, e.g. multi-layered flat plates
- H01R4/2429—Flat plates, e.g. multi-layered flat plates mounted in an insulating base
- H01R4/2433—Flat plates, e.g. multi-layered flat plates mounted in an insulating base one part of the base being movable to push the cable into the slot
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/50—Bases; Cases formed as an integral body
- H01R13/501—Bases; Cases formed as an integral body comprising an integral hinge or a frangible part
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
- H01R24/60—Contacts spaced along planar side wall transverse to longitudinal axis of engagement
- H01R24/62—Sliding engagements with one side only, e.g. modular jack coupling devices
- H01R24/64—Sliding engagements with one side only, e.g. modular jack coupling devices for high frequency, e.g. RJ 45
Definitions
- Connectors are known in various designs. She can be used, for example, for data transmission. A typical one Examples are network connectors of the type RJ45. Connectors can also be used for Power transmission can be used, ie to power a by means of the connector connected electrical device.
- the object of the invention is to provide a connector, which is suitable both for signal transmission and for power transmission and in which the serving for power transmission cables with low Effort can be connected.
- the connector contains several signal contacts, which are combined to form an assembly, and several power contacts, which also combined to form an assembly are, wherein the power contact assembly has a housing with Insulation displacement terminals, as well as a cable guide with a cable receiving opening, which is pivotally mounted on the housing so that they are between an open position in which a cable in the cable receiving opening can be inserted, and a closed position is pivotable, in which the cable is pressed into the insulation displacement terminal.
- This design makes it possible to connect the cables to be connected without complex tools to connect to the power contacts; Pre-assembled cables are not required.
- the two assemblies can be side by side in one Plug housing of the plug can be arranged so that a particularly compact Structure is preserved.
- an RJ45 connector be used for power transmission contacts can be used which intervene in contact springs in the socket and the transmission of currents up to 10 A.
- the cable guide is connected to the housing by a film hinge connected. This can be done while casting the case and the cable guide, the both made of plastic, are formed in a simple manner; it is not required, a conventional joint consisting of pivot pin and pivot pin receptacle to use.
- the power contact with a Projection is provided, which forms an abutment for a tool, by means of the cable guide can be brought into the closed position.
- a on the abutment supporting tool such as a screwdriver, can be applied to the cable guide much higher forces, when this is possible, when you push your hand on the cable guide.
- a projection on the cable guide can be used in a Opening in the housing engages when the cable guide in the closed Position, or a locking tab on the housing, which is on the cable guide can attack when in the closed position.
- the signal contact module is provided with insulation displacement terminals and a cable guide part has, by means of the conductor to be connected in the insulation displacement terminals can be pressed.
- the cables to be connected be connected to the signal contacts without complex tools on site; it is not necessary to use prefabricated cables.
- a connector 5 is shown, by means of which a cable 6 to a to be connected device 7 is connected.
- the connector 5 consists of a plug 10 and a socket 80.
- the socket 80 is by means of Fastened screws 82 on the device 7 and has a locking lever 84, by means of which the plug 10 can be locked to the socket 80.
- the plug 10 has a plug housing 12 in which a plurality Power contacts 14 are arranged (see Figure 2).
- the power contacts 14 are combined to form a power contact assembly 16.
- the power contacts 14 are arranged in a power contact housing 18, which is shown in Figures 4 and 5.
- the housing 18 has a contact chamber 20 for each power contact, which is open on both sides in the longitudinal direction.
- Cable guides 22 arranged so that they each have a contact chamber 20th assigned.
- Each cable guide member 22 has a cable receiving opening 24 on, which ends at a stop 26.
- a plurality of strain relief grooves 28 are formed in the cable receiving opening 24.
- a recess 30 provided, which is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the cable receiving opening 24th extends.
- the cable guide 22 is connected to the housing 18 by a film hinge 32nd connected, so by a thin, flexible material web, which integrally with the housing and the cable guide is formed, so that it from the in FIG. 4 shown position in the direction of the arrow P of Figure 4c are folded up can.
- each contact chamber 20 one of the power contacts 14 is arranged, the an insulation displacement terminal 36 and a plug portion 38 has.
- an abutment 40 is provided, whose function is described below will be explained with reference to Figures 6a to 6f.
- the cable guide 22 is in its upwardly folded, closed position To see position in which the wire 42 is pressed into the insulation displacement terminal 36, so that their insulation cut through by the cutting clamp and the inside Conductor is electrically contacted.
- the strain relief grooves 28 in the cable guide 22 increase the resistance, the withdrawal of the wire 42 from the Cutting clamp 36 counteracts.
- the insulation displacement terminal 36 By using the insulation displacement terminal 36, the power transmission serving wires with minimal effort to the power contact assembly be connected.
- the power contact assembly 16 is after Inserting the power contacts 14 completely pre-assembled; the cable guide 22 is captively attached due to the film hinge 32.
- the to be connected Cores 42 need only be cut to their correct length. One Stripping before connecting to the power contacts is not required.
- no special tools are required to the wires 42 by means press the cable guide 22 in the insulation displacement terminals 36. When the veins 42 have a small cross-section, the cable guide 22 even by hand from the open position to the closed position.
- a signal contact assembly 46 is arranged at the illustrated embodiment has four signal contacts 48.
- the signal contacts 48 are received in a signal contact housing 50, which in detail is shown in Figure 7a.
- the signal contact housing 50 is at its plug side as a plug of the type RJ45 trained. On its back it has an extended recording room 52 into which cutting terminals 54 of the signal contacts 48 extend.
- a cable guide member 56 can be inserted, which is provided with a plurality of cable guide openings 58.
- Each cable management opening is associated with a cutting clamp 54 and has on its back, from the one to be connected signal transmission wire 60 enters, first a in the axial direction extending, straight section, followed by a sloping section and finally one again in the axial direction running, straight section.
- a slot 62 is provided which extends in extends in the axial direction and the cable guide openings 58 in the region of their slanting sections cuts.
- the housing 50 After contacting the wires 60, the housing 50 is in a metallic Shield 66 is inserted, in which it locks (see Figure 7c). Then it will be a compression spring 68 supported on the cable guide part 56 is inserted, which is at its other end on a cover 70 is supported (see Figure 7d). Finally, two folding tabs 72 of the shield 66 in the direction the arrows P of Figure 7e folded so that they the housing 50 on the Close the cable entry side. The folding tabs 72 are at their free end with a bent contact tab 74 provided on a Ablegeflecht 76th which surrounds the signal transmission wires 60. That way is Complete shielding of the signal contact assembly with minimal effort 46 received.
- FIGS. 8a to 8c show how the power contact assembly 16 and the signal contact assembly 46 are disposed in the connector housing 12.
- the two modules are flat on top of each other in the connector housing Inserted 12, wherein retaining tabs 77 on the connector housing 10 together with Latch tabs 78 on the power contact assembly and / or the signal contact assembly can be used to this in the connector housing 12 lock.
- a conventional Cable gland 79 applied, showing the seal and strain relief ensured with respect to the cable 6.
- the socket 80 is a socket housing 86 provided in which a signal contact socket 88 and a Contact spring assembly 90 are arranged.
- the signal contact socket 88 is provided for receiving the mating side of the signal contact assembly 46, and the Dodgefedem module is to receive the male sections 38 of Power contact assembly 16 is provided.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 show the interior of the connector 5. when the plug 10 is plugged into the socket 80.
- the signal contact socket 88 and the contact spring assembly 90 arranged on a printed circuit board 92, which is used for forwarding over the signal contact transmitted signals and the via the power contacts transmitted stream is used.
- the signal contact socket is 88 held in the female housing 86 of locking tabs 94.
- FIG. 12 shows a variant of the connector.
- This variant differs from the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 11 in that the cable guide 22 faces away from the film hinge 32 on its Side is provided with a Abstütznase 96 which at a support rib 98 in Plug housing 12 is applied when the power contact assembly in Plug housing 12 is mounted.
- the cable guide 22nd reliably held in its position shown in Figure 12, without a Locking connection between the power contact housing and the cable guide must be trained.
Landscapes
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Connections By Means Of Piercing Elements, Nuts, Or Screws (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1 in einer Seitenansicht einen erfindungsgemäßen Steckverbinder;
- Figur 2 eine Ansicht der Steckseite des Steckers;
- Figur 3 eine Ansicht der Steckseite der Steckbuchse;
- die Figuren 4a bis 4d das Gehäuse der Leistungskontakt-Baugruppe in einer Unteransicht, einer Seitenansicht, einer Schnittansicht und einer Vorderansicht;
- die Figuren 5a bis 5d das Gehäuse von Figur 4 in einem Längsschnitt, einer Seitenansicht, einem Querschnitt und einer Vorderansicht mit hochgeklappter Kabelführung, wobei im Gehäuse Schneidklemmen angeordnet sind;
- die Figuren 6a bis 6f das Gehäuse von Figur 5 in verschiedenen Stadien während des Anschließens eines Kabels an den Schneidklemmen;
- die Figuren 7a bis 7e die Signalkontakt-Baugruppe in verschiedenen Stadien während des Anschließens eines Signalübertragungskabels;
- die Figuren 8a bis 8c ein Steckerteil mit Signalkontakt-Baugruppe und Leistungskontakt-Baugruppe in zwei verschiedenen Stadien während der Montage;
- Figur 9 einen Schnitt durch den Steckverbinder entlang der Ebene IX-IX von Figur 3;
- Figur 10 einen Schnitt entlang der Ebene X-X von Figur 9;
- Figur 11 einen Schnitt entlang der Ebene XI-XI von Figur 9; und
- Figur 12 in einer Ansicht entsprechend derjenigen von Figur 9 eine Variante des Steckverbinders.
- 5:
- Steckverbinder
- 6:
- Kabel
- 7:
- Gerät
- 10:
- Stecker
- 12:
- Steckergehäuse
- 14:
- Leistungskontakt
- 16:
- Leistungskontakt-Baugruppe
- 18:
- Leistungskontakt-Gehäuse
- 20:
- Kontaktkammer
- 22:
- Kabelführung
- 24:
- Kabelaufnahmeöffnung
- 26:
- Anschlag
- 28:
- Zugentlastungsrillen
- 30:
- Aussparung
- 32:
- Filmscharnier
- 36:
- Schneidklemme
- 38:
- Steckabschnitt
- 40:
- Widerlager
- 42:
- Leistungsübertragungs-Ader
- 44:
- Werkzeug
- 46:
- Signalkontakt-Baugruppe
- 48:
- Signalkontakt
- 50:
- Signalkontakt-Gehäuse
- 52:
- Aufnahmeraum
- 54:
- Schneidklemme
- 56:
- Kabelführungsteil
- 58:
- Kabelführungsöffnung
- 60:
- Signalübertragungs-Ader
- 62:
- Schlitz
- 64:
- Befestigungsschraube
- 66:
- Abschirmung
- 68:
- Druckfeder
- 70:
- Deckel
- 72:
- Faltlasche
- 74:
- Kontaktlasche
- 76:
- Abschirmgeflecht
- 77:
- Haltelasche
- 78:
- Rastlasche
- 79:
- Kabelverschraubung
- 80:
- Steckbuchse
- 82:
- Schraube
- 84:
- Verriegelungshebel
- 86:
- Buchsengehäuse
- 88:
- Signalkontakt-Steckbuchse
- 90:
- Kontaktfedern-Baugruppe
- 92:
- Leiterplatte
- 94:
- Verriegelungslasche
- 96:
- Abstütznase
- 98:
- Abstützrippe
Claims (17)
- Steckverbinder bestehend aus einer Steckbuchse (80) und einem Stecker (10), mit mehreren Signalkontakten (48), die zu einer Baugruppe (46) zusammengefaßt sind, und mehreren Leistungskontakten (14), die ebenfalls zu einer Baugruppe (16) zusammengefaßt sind, wobei die Leistungskontakt-Baugruppe (16) ein Gehäuse (18) aufweist, das mit Schneidklemmen (36) versehen ist, sowie eine Kabelführung (22) mit einer Kabelaufnahmeöffnung (24), die schwenkbar am Gehäuse (12) angebracht ist, so daß sie zwischen einer geöffneten Stellung, in der ein Kabel (42) in die Kabelaufnahmeöffnung (24) eingeschoben werden kann, und einer geschlossenen Stellung verschwenkbar ist, in der das Kabel in die Schneidklemme (36) eingedrückt ist.
- Steckverbinder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kabelführung (22) mit dem Gehäuse (12) durch ein Filmscharnier (32) verbunden ist.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leistungskontakt (14) mit einem Vorsprung versehen ist, der ein Widerlager (40) für ein Werkzeug (44) bildet, mittels dem die Kabelführung (22) in die geschlossene Stellung gebracht werden kann.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Kabelführung (22) je Schneidklemme (36) vorgesehen ist.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine einzige Kabelführung für alle Schneidklemmen vorgesehen ist.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Kabelführung ein Vorsprung vorgesehen ist, der in eine Öffnung im Gehäuse (12) eingreifen kann, so daß die Kabelführung in der geschlossenen Stellung verrastet ist.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Gehäuse ein Rastlasche vorgesehen ist, die an der Kabelführung angreifen kann, so daß die Kabelführung in der geschlossenen Stellung verrastet ist.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kabelführung (22) mit einer Abstütznase (96) versehen ist, die an einer zugeordneten Abstützrippe (98) anliegt.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stecker (10) ein Steckergehäuse (12) aufweist, in welchem die Signalkontakt-Baugruppe (46) und die Leistungskontakt-Baugruppe (16) aufgenommen sind.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Signalkontakt-Baugruppe (46) ein RJ45-Stecker ist.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Signalkontakt-Baugruppe (46) mit Schneidklemmen (54) versehen ist und ein Kabelführungsteil (56) aufweist, mittels dem anzuschließende Leiter (60) in die Schneidklemmen (54) eingepreßt werden können.
- Steckverbinder nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Druckfeder (68) vorgesehen ist, welche das Kabelführungsteil (56) auf die Schneidklemmen (54) preßt.
- Steckverbinder nach einem vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Abschirmung (66) vorgesehen ist, welche die Signalkontakt-Baugruppe (46) umgibt.
- Steckverbinder nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abschirmung (66) auf ihrer Rückseite mit mindestens einer Faltlasche (72) versehen ist, die an einem Abschirmgeflecht (76) eines Kabel angreifen kann.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Steckergehäuse (12) mit mindestens einer Haltelasche (77) versehen ist, mittels der die Signalkontakt-Baugruppe (46) bzw. die Leistungskontakt-Baugruppe (16) im Gehäuse (12) verrastet werden kann.
- Steckverbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steckbuchse (80) ein Buchsengehäuse (86) aufweist, in welchem eine RJ45-Steckbuchse (88) angeordnet ist sowie Kontaktfedern, die den Leistungskontakten zugeordnet sind.
- Steckverbinder nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontaktfedern in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet sind, so daß eine Kontaktfedern-Baugruppe (90) gebildet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE20112547U DE20112547U1 (de) | 2001-07-30 | 2001-07-30 | Steckverbinder |
DE20112547U | 2001-07-30 | ||
DE10146595A DE10146595A1 (de) | 2001-07-30 | 2001-09-21 | Steckverbinder |
DE10146595 | 2001-09-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1282203A2 true EP1282203A2 (de) | 2003-02-05 |
EP1282203A3 EP1282203A3 (de) | 2005-08-17 |
EP1282203B1 EP1282203B1 (de) | 2007-05-09 |
Family
ID=26010198
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02016235A Expired - Lifetime EP1282203B1 (de) | 2001-07-30 | 2002-07-19 | Elektrischer Steckverbinder |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20030027451A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1282203B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3697231B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE362208T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50210105D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2286181T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113097796A (zh) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-09 | 克拉玛依市尚正石油科技有限公司 | 一种井下电缆湿对接装置 |
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WO2008014113A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrical connector and assembly |
US7275952B1 (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2007-10-02 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Hinged electrical connector |
DE102007008465B4 (de) * | 2007-02-19 | 2008-10-16 | Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh | Elektrisches Steckermodul insbesondere für eine RJ 45-Steckverbindung |
US20090233475A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Ametek Scp, Inc. | Waterproof gigabit ethernet connector |
DE202010000681U1 (de) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-05-12 | Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG | Federklemme, insbesondere Frontklemme |
JP5753465B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-12 | 2015-07-22 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | コネクタ係合体 |
JP6114661B2 (ja) | 2013-08-23 | 2017-04-12 | 日本航空電子工業株式会社 | コネクタ |
TWM491981U (zh) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-12-11 | Well Shin Technology Co Ltd | 線纜連接器 |
DE102017110544B3 (de) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-07-19 | HARTING Electronics GmbH | Steckverbinder mit Schneidklemmkontakt |
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- 2002-07-19 EP EP02016235A patent/EP1282203B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-19 ES ES02016235T patent/ES2286181T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-19 AT AT02016235T patent/ATE362208T1/de active
- 2002-07-19 DE DE50210105T patent/DE50210105D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-24 US US10/202,127 patent/US20030027451A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-30 JP JP2002221084A patent/JP3697231B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-02-26 US US10/787,651 patent/US7074071B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2005
- 2005-07-26 US US11/189,328 patent/US7137845B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113097796A (zh) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-09 | 克拉玛依市尚正石油科技有限公司 | 一种井下电缆湿对接装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050260882A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
EP1282203B1 (de) | 2007-05-09 |
US7074071B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 |
DE50210105D1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
ES2286181T3 (es) | 2007-12-01 |
US20040166719A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
EP1282203A3 (de) | 2005-08-17 |
ATE362208T1 (de) | 2007-06-15 |
US20030027451A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
JP2003059552A (ja) | 2003-02-28 |
US7137845B2 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
JP3697231B2 (ja) | 2005-09-21 |
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