EP1233097B1 - Support pour tapis touffeté et procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Support pour tapis touffeté et procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1233097B1
EP1233097B1 EP01130147A EP01130147A EP1233097B1 EP 1233097 B1 EP1233097 B1 EP 1233097B1 EP 01130147 A EP01130147 A EP 01130147A EP 01130147 A EP01130147 A EP 01130147A EP 1233097 B1 EP1233097 B1 EP 1233097B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filaments
fibres
tufting
dtex
tufting base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01130147A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1233097A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Sander
Detlef Barbier
Ulrike Maass
Engelbert Löcher
Ararad Dr. Emirze
Klaus Klein
Christine Dr. König
Rudolf Gärtner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of EP1233097A1 publication Critical patent/EP1233097A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1233097B1 publication Critical patent/EP1233097B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H3/011—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
    • D04H3/033—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random reorientation immediately after yarn or filament formation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/105—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by needling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
    • D06N7/0068—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by the primary backing or the fibrous top layer
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C17/00—Embroidered or tufted products; Base fabrics specially adapted for embroidered work; Inserts for producing surface irregularities in embroidered products
    • D05C17/02—Tufted products
    • D05C17/023—Tufted products characterised by the base fabric
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • D06N2201/0254—Polyolefin fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2207/00—Treatments by energy or chemical effects
    • D06N2207/04—Treatments by energy or chemical effects using steam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
    • D06N2209/1628—Dimensional stability
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/3187—Triaxially woven fabric

Definitions

  • the object of the invention has been found to provide a tufting, which consists of a spunbonded fabric with low raw material costs without reinforcing yarns, - scrim, wherein the binding without (costly) auxiliary components such as binder fibers or binder takes place.
  • the tufting carrier should continue to be a high Have dimensional stability in the tufting and dyeing process and ensure good carpet yarn incorporation.
  • a tufting carrier which consists only of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the production of a uniform material simplifies the reusability.
  • the calendering of the fixed fabric was carried out with an embossing roller, which produced a printing area of 18% with 33 diamond-shaped engraving points per cm 2 .
  • Calender surface temperature and line pressure were 220 ° C and 20 daN / cm, respectively.
  • the drying of the spunbond fabric finished with Avivage was carried out in a flat belt dryer at the air temperatures of 110 ° C.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Automatic Embroidering For Embroidered Or Tufted Products (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Support de tuftage en fibres ou en filaments synthétiques, qui sont entrelacés l'un avec l'autre en trois dimensions, caractérisé en ce qu'il ne contient que des fibres ou des filaments avec un titre de 1 à 15 dtex, le poids par unité de surface du support de tuftage étant de 70 à 110 g/m2, sa masse volumique étant de 0,18 à 0,28 g/cm3 et les fibres ou les filaments étant thermofixés et partiellement compactés, et en ce que la valeur de module à 5 % dans le sens machine est supérieure à 60 N/5 cm, mais atteint au moins 0,6 N/g/m2.
  2. Support de tuftage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fibres ou les filaments possèdent un titre de 3 à 12 dtex, dans lequel la valeur de module à 5 % dans le sens machine est de 70 à 100 N/5 cm, mais atteint au moins 0,7 à 1,0 N/g/m2.
  3. Support de tuftage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est pourvu de substances adoucissantes ou tensioactives.
  4. Support de tuftage selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il n'est constitué que de poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène).
  5. Support de tuftage selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il n'est constitué que de polypropylène.
  6. Procédé de fabrication d'un support de tuftage à partir de fibres ou de filaments polymères thermoplastiques transformés en non-tissé,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'on consolide les fibres ou les filaments avec un titre de 6 à 15 dtex par aiguilletage et avec un titre de 1 à 5 dtex par jets d'eau ou par une combinaison de ces procédés et en ce que, avant le séchage et le thermofixage, on effectue un étirage dans la direction longitudinale d'une valeur allant jusqu'à 30 %, la mobilité des fibres étant améliorée en ajoutant éventuellement de l'huile ou d'autres substances adoucissantes.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'on réalise le procédé d'étirage entre les étapes d'aiguilletage individuelles ou après l'opération d'aiguilletage.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que, après le thermofixage, on effectue un autre traitement à l'aide d'une paire de cylindres chauffés.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces des cylindres présentent une structure irrégulière avec une profondeur de rugosité de 40 à 100 µm.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des cylindres possède un gaufrage, les points de gaufrage occupant une surface d'impression de 18 % à 25 % et formant des losanges, des lignes ou des hexagones.
EP01130147A 2001-02-19 2001-12-19 Support pour tapis touffeté et procédé de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP1233097B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10108092A DE10108092B4 (de) 2001-02-19 2001-02-19 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Tuftingträgers
DE10108092 2001-02-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1233097A1 EP1233097A1 (fr) 2002-08-21
EP1233097B1 true EP1233097B1 (fr) 2007-10-03

Family

ID=7674826

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01130147A Expired - Lifetime EP1233097B1 (fr) 2001-02-19 2001-12-19 Support pour tapis touffeté et procédé de fabrication

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US7437807B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1233097B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3542993B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100478962B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE374852T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10108092B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK1233097T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL202097B1 (fr)
TW (1) TW554108B (fr)

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DE10316746A1 (de) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-24 Fleissner Gmbh & Co. Maschinenfabrik Verfahren und Anlage zur gleichmäßigen Verfestigung eines Faservlieses
FR2848940B1 (fr) * 2002-12-20 2006-02-17 Cera Bande textile calandree pour cache-bagages de vehicule automobile
JP5422874B2 (ja) * 2006-02-01 2014-02-19 東レ株式会社 フィルター用不織布およびその製造方法
DE102007020818B3 (de) * 2007-05-02 2009-01-02 Carl Freudenberg Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verformbaren Tuftprodukts
CN108265393A (zh) * 2018-01-05 2018-07-10 江苏盛纺纳米材料科技股份有限公司 六点赋型压花非织造材料的制备方法
DE102021106621A1 (de) 2021-03-18 2022-10-20 Adler Pelzer Holding Gmbh Absorptives Trägervlies für Tufting-Teppich

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR100478962B1 (ko) 2005-03-25
PL202097B1 (pl) 2009-06-30
ATE374852T1 (de) 2007-10-15
DE10108092B4 (de) 2007-01-04
JP3542993B2 (ja) 2004-07-14
EP1233097A1 (fr) 2002-08-21
US20020127934A1 (en) 2002-09-12
DE50113082D1 (de) 2007-11-15
DE10108092A1 (de) 2002-09-26
JP2002309471A (ja) 2002-10-23
TW554108B (en) 2003-09-21
US7437807B2 (en) 2008-10-21
DK1233097T3 (da) 2008-01-21
KR20020067994A (ko) 2002-08-24

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