EP0806509B2 - Matériau de garnissage, procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation - Google Patents

Matériau de garnissage, procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0806509B2
EP0806509B2 EP97106878A EP97106878A EP0806509B2 EP 0806509 B2 EP0806509 B2 EP 0806509B2 EP 97106878 A EP97106878 A EP 97106878A EP 97106878 A EP97106878 A EP 97106878A EP 0806509 B2 EP0806509 B2 EP 0806509B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support lining
enforcement
threads
reinforcement
spunbond nonwoven
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97106878A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0806509A1 (fr
EP0806509B1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dr. Groh
Hans-Jürgen Profé
Michael Schöps
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Johns Manville
Original Assignee
Johns Manville International Inc
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Application filed by Johns Manville International Inc filed Critical Johns Manville International Inc
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/485—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H3/011—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/105—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by needling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/643—Including parallel strand or fiber material within the nonwoven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/643—Including parallel strand or fiber material within the nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/644—Parallel strand or fiber material is glass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/643—Including parallel strand or fiber material within the nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/645—Parallel strand or fiber material is inorganic [e.g., rock wool, mineral wool, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/654—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
    • Y10T442/655—Metal or metal-coated strand or fiber material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/682—Needled nonwoven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/696—Including strand or fiber material which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous compositions, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a carrier insert, which is particularly suitable as a carrier insert for the production of roofing membranes or as tarpaulin or surface.
  • nonwovens based on synthetic fiber webs with reinforcing fibers for example with glass fibers.
  • examples of such geomembranes can be found in the GB-A-1,517,595 DE-Gbm-77-39,489, EP-A-160.609 .
  • EP-A-403,403 and EP-A-530.769 The connection between fiber fleece and reinforcing fibers is made according to this prior art either by bonding by means of a binder or by needling the layers of different material.
  • the interlining material consists of a substrate which has a surface which melts below 150 ° C. and associated reinforcing filaments which melt over 180 ° C. and are fixed parallel to one another on this surface.
  • the substrate may be a nonwoven fabric, on one surface of which melt adhesive fibers or threads are provided, which are provided for producing an adhesion of the parallel arranged reinforcing fibers with the nonwoven fabric.
  • EP-A-0,281,643 is a combination of reinforcing fibers in the form of a network of bicomponent fibers with nonwovens based on synthetic fibers known, wherein the weight fraction of the network of bicomponent fibers is at least 15 wt .-%.
  • a filter material made of inorganic nonwoven material and metal wires known which is used for exhaust air purification at high temperatures (higher than 300 ° C).
  • DE-Gbm-295 00 830 describes the reinforcement of a glass fleece with synthetic monofilaments. These reinforcing monofilaments do not contribute significantly to the reference force at low strains in the geomembrane. But they have a much higher tensile strength elongation than the glass fleece; Thus, the areal relationship of the geomembrane is guaranteed even in deformations that can lead to breakage of the glass mat.
  • the shrinkage of the synthetic monofilaments is higher than the shrinkage of the glass fleece and can lead to waviness in the geomembrane.
  • the reference force of the reinforced carrier insert can be distributed at different strains on the textile fabric or on the reinforcements at low strains.
  • a suitable measure of the distribution of the reference forces is the quotient of these reference forces at a measuring temperature of 20 ° C divided by the reference force at 180 ° C.
  • the DE-A 43 37 984 describes only a composite in which a fabric of fibers of synthetic polymers and a fabric of glass fibers are combined to form a laminate and that the two layers are then connected by meshing, ie by sewing, knitting or stitching. Any advice to work in accordance with the present invention does not include this disclosure.
  • German Utility Model 92 07 367 describes only a laminate, which is composed of at least two layers of spunbonded nonwovens and at least one gel layer of reinforcing yarns. Indications that the carrier insert should have a strain reserve of less than 1% or to a corresponding manufacturing process, as taught in the application, this document is not apparent. Also, the problem solved by the Applicant is also not mentioned in this reference.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a carrier insert in which the reinforcements are already in the initial range of elongation, i. between 0 and 1%, and to ensure that the support insert under load in these lower areas already maintains their excellent properties and there is no damage that can be felt both inside and in the outside of the liner insert.
  • the object of the invention is also to provide a carrier insert available, which has a significantly improved reference force at low elongation over the entire temperature range.
  • Claims 2 to 18 relate to advantageous embodiments.
  • the invention further provides a method according to claim 19.
  • Advantageous embodiments are described in claims 20 to 23.
  • the invention further relates to the use of the carrier insert according to claim 24 or 25.
  • the reference force improves at strains below 1%, clearly even at room temperature, when this quotient falls below the value 3 (three).
  • the liner thus contains a fabric and a reinforcement, the receives a force, so that in the force-elongation diagram (at 20 ° C), the reference force of the reinforcing insert with reinforcement compared with the support insert without reinforcement in the range between 0 and 1% elongation at least one point by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, more preferably at least 30% different.
  • the reinforcement is such that the reference force of the liner at room temperature (20 ° C) divided by the reference force of the liner at 180 °, measured at at least one point in the range between 0 and 1% elongation, a quotient of the highest 3 ( three), preferably at most 2.5, especially preferably less than 2.
  • textile fabric is to be understood in this description in its broadest meaning. These may be all structures of fibers of synthesized polymers which have been produced by a surface-forming technique.
  • notch depth and notch protrusion are defined in a brochure entitled “Felting and structuring needles” by Groz-Beckert from 1994.
  • the reference force is measured in accordance with EN 29073, Part 3, on 5 cm wide specimens at 100 mm gauge length.
  • the numerical value of the prestressing force expressed in centinewtons, corresponds to the numerical value of the basis weight of the sample, expressed in grams per square meter.
  • textile fabrics are woven, scrim, knitted and knitted fabrics, and preferably nonwovens.
  • spunbonded nonwovens which are produced by a disposition of freshly melt-spun filaments are preferred. They consist of continuous synthetic fibers made of melt-spinnable polymer materials.
  • Suitable polymeric materials include, for example, polyamides, e.g. Polyhexamethylene diadipamide, polycaprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides ("aramids"), aliphatic polyamides, such as e.g. Nylon, partially aromatic or wholly aromatic polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers having ether and keto groups, e.g. Polyether ketones (PEK) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or polybenzimidazoles.
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • PEK Polyether ketones
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • the spunbonded nonwovens preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters.
  • Suitable polyester materials are in principle all known types suitable for fiber production.
  • Such polyesters consist predominantly of building blocks derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols.
  • Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are the divalent radicals of benzenedicarboxylic acids, in particular terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid;
  • Common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with the ethylene glycol being particularly suitable.
  • Particularly advantageous are spunbonded nonwovens which consist of at least 85 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • dicarboxylic acid units and glycol units which act as so-called modifiers and allow the skilled person, the physical and chemical properties of the targeted to influence filaments produced.
  • dicarboxylic acid units are residues of isophthalic acid or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid;
  • modifying diol radicals are those of longer-chain diols, eg. Example of propanediol or butanediol, di- or triethylene glycol or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol having a molecular weight of about 500 to 2000.
  • polyesters which contain at least 95 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in particular those of unmodified PET.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the backing inserts according to the invention additionally have a flame retardant effect, it is advantageous if they were spun from flame-retardant modified polyesters.
  • flame retardant modified polyesters are known. They contain additions of halogen compounds, in particular bromine compounds, or, what is particularly advantageous, they contain phosphorus compounds which are condensed into the polyester chain.
  • the spunbonded nonwoven fabrics comprise flame-retardant modified polyesters containing in the chain structural groups of the formula (I) wherein R is alkylene or polymethylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl and R 1 is alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, condensed.
  • R is ethylene and R 1 is methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or o-, m- or p-methyl-phenyl, in particular methyl.
  • Such spunbonded fabrics are used, for example, in DE-A-39 40 713 described.
  • the polyesters contained in the spunbonded nonwovens preferably have a molecular weight corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity (IV), measured in a solution of 1 g of polymer in 100 ml of dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C., of 0.6 to 1.4.
  • IV intrinsic viscosity
  • the individual titres of the polyester filaments in the spunbonded web are between 1 and 16 dtex, preferably between 2 and 8 dtex.
  • the spunbonded nonwoven fabric can also be a meltbond-bonded nonwoven fabric which contains carrier and hot-melt adhesive fibers.
  • the carrier and hot melt adhesive fibers can be derived from any thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers.
  • carrier fibers can also be derived from non-melting filament-forming polymers.
  • meltbond-solidified spunbonded nonwovens are, for example, in EP-A-0,446,822 and EP-A-0,590,629 described.
  • polymers from which the carrier fibers can be derived are polyacrylonitrile, polyolefins such as polyethylene, substantially aliphatic polyamides such as nylon 6.6, substantially aromatic polyamides (aramids) such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) or copolymers containing one portion aromatic m-diamine units to improve solubility or poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide), substantially aromatic polyesters such as poly (hydroxybenzoate) or preferably substantially aliphatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate.
  • polyacrylonitrile polyolefins such as polyethylene
  • substantially aliphatic polyamides such as nylon 6.6
  • substantially aromatic polyamides (aramids) such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) or copolymers containing one portion aromatic m-diamine units to improve solubility or poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide)
  • substantially aromatic polyesters such as poly (hydroxybenzoate) or preferably substantially aliphatic
  • the proportion of the two types of fibers to each other can be selected within wide limits, it being important to ensure that the proportion of hot melt adhesive fibers is selected so high that the nonwoven fabric obtained by bonding the carrier fibers with the hot melt adhesive sufficient strength for the desired application strength.
  • the proportion of the melt adhesive obtained from the hotmelt adhesive in the nonwoven fabric is usually less than 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the nonwoven fabric.
  • Suitable hot melt adhesives are, in particular, modified polyesters having a melting point lowered by 10 to 50 ° C., preferably 30 to 50 ° C., compared to the nonwoven raw material.
  • examples of such a hotmelt adhesive are polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate or by condensing long-chain diols and / or of polyethylene terephthalate modified by isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
  • the hot melt adhesives are preferably introduced into the nonwovens in the form of fibers.
  • carrier and hot melt adhesive fibers are composed of a polymer class.
  • the hot melt adhesive fibers are also made of polyester or a blend of polyesters, e.g. B. as a bicomponent fiber with PET in the core and a lower melting polyethylene terephthalate copolymers selected as a sheath:
  • bicomponent fibers are possible, which are composed of different polymers. Examples include bicomponent fibers of polyester and polyamide (core / shell).
  • the individual fiber titers of the carrier and the melt adhesive fibers can be selected within wide limits. Examples of typical titer ranges are 1 to 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 6 dtex.
  • the carrier inserts according to the invention with flame-retardant properties additionally bound are, they preferably contain flame retardant hot melt adhesive.
  • a flame retardant hot melt adhesive z.
  • a polyethylene terephthalate modified by the incorporation of chain members of the above formula (I) may be present in the laminate of the present invention.
  • the filaments or staple fibers constituting the nonwovens may have a practically round cross section or may have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney, triangular or tri or multilobal cross sections. There are also hollow fibers used. Furthermore, the hot-melt adhesive fiber can also be used in the form of bi- or multicomponent fibers.
  • the fibers forming the textile fabric may be modified by conventional additives, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black.
  • the ceremoniesngewicdht the spunbonded fabric is between 20 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably 40 and 250 g / m 2 .
  • the above properties are obtained, for example, by threads and / or yarns whose Young's modulus is at least 5 Gpa, preferably at least 10 Gpa, more preferably at least 20 Gpa.
  • the reinforcing filaments mentioned above have a diameter between 0.1 and 1 mm, preferably 0.1 and 0.5 mm, in particular 0.1 and 0.3 mm and have an elongation at break of 0.5 to 100%, preferably 1 to 60 %.
  • the carrier inserts according to the invention have a stretch reserve of less than 1%.
  • Strain reserve is the strain applied to the liner before the force applied to the reinforcing fibers is dissipated, i. an extension reserve of 0% would mean that the tensile forces acting on the carrier insert would be immediately dissipated to the reinforcing threads. This means that forces acting on the spunbonded fabric do not first cause orientation or orientation of the reinforcing threads, but rather are derived directly onto the reinforcing threads, so that damage to the textile fabric can be avoided. This is particularly evident in a steep increase in the force to be applied at small strains (force-strain diagram at room temperature).
  • Suitable reinforcing threads which have a high elongation at break, the maximum tensile force elongation of the liner insert can be significantly improved.
  • Suitable reinforcing threads are, for example, high-strength monofilaments of polyester or wires of metals or metallic alloys whose elongation at break is at least 10%.
  • Preferred reinforcing threads are multifilaments and / or monofilaments based on aramids, preferably so-called high-modulus aramids, carbon, glass, high-strength polyester monofilaments, as well as so-called hybrid multifilament yarns (yarns containing reinforcing fibers and lower-melting binder fibers) or wires (monofilaments) of metals or used metallic alloys.
  • preferred reinforcements consist of glass multifilaments in the form of parallel filament bundles or layers. In most cases, only a reinforcement in the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven fabrics by parallel yarn courses.
  • the reinforcing threads can be used as such or in the form of a textile fabric, for example as a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or as a nonwoven. Preference is given to reinforcements with reinforcing yarns running parallel to each other, ie warp yarns, as well as scrim or fabric.
  • the thread density can vary within wide limits depending on the desired property profile.
  • the thread density is between 20 and 200 threads per meter.
  • the thread density is measured perpendicular to the thread running direction.
  • the reinforcing threads are preferably fed during spunbonding and thus embedded in the spunbonded web.
  • a fleece deposit on the reinforcement or a subsequent layer formation of reinforcement and nonwoven fabric by assembling is preferred.
  • the spunbonded fabrics are subjected to a chemical or thermal and / or mechanical consolidation after their preparation in a known manner.
  • the spunbonded nonwovens are mechanically consolidated by needling.
  • the spunbonded web which advantageously already contains the reinforcing threads, is usually needled with a needle density of 20 to 100 stitches / cm 2 .
  • the needling is advantageously carried out by needles whose notch protrusion, preferably the sum of notch protrusion and notch depth, is smaller than the diameter of the reinforcing threads. As a result, the reinforcing threads are not damaged.
  • the spunbonded fabrics, which already contain reinforcing threads are subjected to further solidification steps, for example a thermal treatment.
  • the spunbond-bondable spunbonded nonwovens which in addition to carrier fibers also contain binding fibers, are thermally consolidated in a manner known per se with a calender or in an oven. If the spun-bonded nonwovens do not contain binding fibers capable of thermal consolidation, these spun-bonded nonwovens are impregnated with a chemical binder.
  • a chemical binder for this purpose, in particular acrylate binders in question.
  • the binder content is suitably up to 30 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 25 wt .-%.
  • the exact choice of the binder is made according to the special interests of the processor. Hard binders allow high processing speeds during impregnation, in particular bituminization, while a soft binder gives particularly high levels of tear propagation and nail tear resistance.
  • flame-retardant modified binders can also be used.
  • the carrier web according to the invention has an embossing pattern from statistically distributed or rapporttry arranged, small-scale imprints, preferably a canvas embossing, in which the pressing surface, ie the totality of all thin compacted areas of the spunbonded 30 to 60%, preferably 40 to 45% of its total area, and the thickness of the densified areas of Fleece at least 20%, preferably 25 to 50%, the thickness of the non-compacted areas of the web is.
  • this embossing pattern can advantageously be applied during calendering.
  • the embossing pattern can likewise be impressed by means of a calender.
  • This embossing pattern which is applied when passing through the spunbonded nonwoven by a heated calender on both surfaces of the spunbonded fabric, but preferably only on a surface of the spunbonded nonwoven, has a plurality of small impressions having a size of 0.2 to 40 mm 2 , preferably 0 , 2 to 10 mm 2 , and are separated by intervening, approximately equal, non-embossed surface elements of the web.
  • the determination of the area of the densified areas of the nonwoven and the non-compacted areas of the nonwoven fabric can be done for example by means of microscopic cross-sectional images.
  • the carrier inserts according to the invention can be combined with other textile fabrics, so that their properties are variable. Such composites containing the carrier insert according to the invention are likewise provided by the invention.
  • the reinforcement can be fed before, during and / or after the formation of the textile surface.
  • Characteristic of the process is the supply of reinforcement and any thermal treatment in the production process of the carrier insert under tension, in particular under longitudinal stress.
  • a thermal treatment under tension is when the position of the reinforcement in the support insert remains unchanged during a thermal step; In particular, the preservation of the longitudinal threads by applying a longitudinal tension of interest.
  • the formation of the textile fabric can take place on a tensioned reinforcement or the reinforcement can during the surface forming process, for. As in nonwoven fabric, run or it can be a fabric finished and connected by subsequent assembly with a reinforcement.
  • the composite of the textile fabric with the reinforcement can be done by measures known per se, for example by needling or gluing including hot melt bonding. The advantages of the process are particularly evident in the production of needle-punched carrier inserts.
  • the formation of a textile fabric described in a) can be effected by spunbonding by means of known spinning apparatuses.
  • the molten polymer is passed through several series of spinnerets or groups of spinneret rows connected in series. If a spunbond-bonded spunbonded nonwoven web is to be produced, it is fed alternately with polymers which form the carrier fiber and the hot-melt adhesive fibers.
  • the spun polymer streams are drawn in a conventional manner, and z. B. stored using a rotating baffle in litter texture on a conveyor belt.
  • the carrier inserts according to the invention can still be combined with other components to form multilayer composites.
  • other components are glass fleeces, thermoplastic or metallic foils, insulating materials, etc.
  • the carrier inserts according to the invention can be used for the production of bitumen roofing and waterproofing membranes.
  • the support material is treated in a conventional manner with bitumen and then optionally with a granular material, such as sand, sprinkled.
  • the roofing and waterproofing membranes produced in this way are characterized by good processability.
  • the bituminized webs contain at least one embedded in a bitumen matrix - described above - carrier web, wherein the weight fraction of the bitumen on the basis weight of the bituminized roofing membrane is preferably 40 to 90 wt .-% and that of the spunbonded 10 to 60 wt .-%. These tracks may also be a so-called roof underlay.
  • bitumen may also be another material, such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride for coating the carrier insert according to the invention can be used.
  • PET filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width.
  • steel wires are fed continuously in the longitudinal direction at a distance of 2 cm (50 wires / m).
  • the wires (manufacturer Bekaert) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.18 mm, a strength of 2300 N / mm 2 and an elongation at break of 1.5%.
  • the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa.
  • PET filaments are produced with a filament denier of 4 dtex and laid down to a random web of 1 m width.
  • steel wires material No. 1.4301
  • the wires are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.15 mm, a strength of 14 N and an elongation at break of 34%.
  • the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight fraction in the finished fabric is up to 20%.
  • the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 165 g / m 2 basis weight.
  • the nonwoven strength is improved not only in the range of low elongation but also in high elongation.
  • PET filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width.
  • wires made of an alloy of the CuZn37 type are continuously fed in the longitudinal direction at intervals of 2 cm (50 wires / m).
  • the wires (manufacturer: J.G. Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 47 N and an ultimate elongation of 1.4%.
  • the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%.
  • the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 192 g / m 2 basis weight.
  • PET filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width.
  • wires consisting of a CuSn6 type alloy are continuously fed at a distance of 1.2 cm (83 wires / m) in the longitudinal direction.
  • the wires (manufacturer: J.G. Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 21 N and an elongation at break of 54%.
  • the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%.
  • the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 165 g / m 2 basis weight.
  • PET filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width.
  • wires consisting of an alloy of the CUZn37 type are continuously fed in the longitudinal direction at intervals of 2 cm (50 wires / m).
  • the wires (manufacturer: J.G. Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 25 N and an elongation at break of 15%.
  • the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%.
  • the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 160 g / m 2 basis weight.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and deposited to a random web of 1 m width.
  • Vetrotex EC 934T6Z28 glass multifilaments are fed lengthwise at a distance of 6.25 mm (160 threads per meter).
  • the glass filaments are supplied on spools and have a strength of 20 N and a breaking elongation of 2.5%.
  • the composite of fleece and threads is needled 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%.
  • the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. You get so Reinforced fleece of 110 g / m 2 basis weight. For the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature with and without reinforcement, the following values were measured: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.5 2 39 1.0 5.5 78 2 11 151 3 16 30 4 22 25 6 31 30 10 44 42 15 67 70 20 100 106 30 172 167 60 390 380

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Couche de support contenant un non-tissé et un renfort, caractérisée en ce que la couche de support présente une réserve d'allongement inférieure à 1% et la force de référence de la couche de support dans le diagramme d'allongement de force à 20 °C avec renforcement comparée avec la couche de support sans renforcement, entre 0 et 1% d'allongement avec au moins une valeur d'allongement, se différencie d'au moins 10 %, sachant que le renforcement du non-tissé a été introduit sous effort longitudinal et chaque traitement thermique a été effectué lors de la fabrication de la couche de support sous tension, que le non-tissé qui contient les fils de renforcement est consolidé mécaniquement avec une épaisseur d'aiguille de 20 à 100 piqûres / cm2, sachant que la saillie d'encoche ou la somme de saillie d'encoche et profondeur d'encoche des aiguilles est inférieure au diamètre des fils de renforcement, puis le non-tissé qui contient déjà les fils de renforcement a été soumis à une autre consolidation thermique avec un liant chimique, et le non-tissé ne présente pas de fibres de liage capables de provoquer une consolidation thermique.
  2. Couche de support selon revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la force de référence de la couche de support avec renforcement se différencie dans le diagramme d'allongement de force à 20°C, comparée à la couche de support sans renforcement comprise entre 0 et 1% d'allongement sur au moins un endroit, d'au moins 30 %.
  3. Couche de support selon revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la force de référence de la couche de support à température ambiante de 20°C, divisée par la force de référence de la couche de support à 180°C, mesurée sur au moins un point dans une zone comprise entre 0 et 1 % d'allongement, donne un quotient de 3 maximum.
  4. Couche de support selon revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le non-tissé est en polyester.
  5. Couche de support selon revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le polyester est constitué d'au moins 85 % en mol de polyéthylène téréphtalate.
  6. Couche de support selon revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le non-tissé est un non-tissé solidifié par liant fondant.
  7. Couche de support selon revendication 1 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que le poids surfacique du non-tissé est compris entre 20 et 500 g/m2.
  8. Couche de support selon revendication 1 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que la consolidation est présente sous forme de fils de renforcement dont le diamètre est de 0,1 à 1 mm et leur module de Young est d'au moins 5 Gpa.
  9. Couche de support selon revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les fils de renforcement ont un diamètre de 0,1 à 0,5 mm.
  10. Couche de support selon revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les fils de renforcement présentent un allongement de rupture de 0,5 à 100 %.
  11. Couche de support selon revendication 1 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que la consolidation est présente sous forme de fils de renforcement en monofilaments ou multifilaments.
  12. Couche de support selon revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les fils de renforcement sont constitués d'aramides, de carbone, verre, monofilaments de polyester à haute rigidité, multifilaments hybrides, métaux ou alliages de métaux.
  13. Couche de support selon revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le non-tissé en polyester présente un gaufrage.
  14. Utilisation de la couche de support définie dans la revendication 1, pour la fabrication de matériaux composite, notamment lés de sous-toiture et bandes d'étanchéité.
  15. Utilisation de la couche de support définie dans la revendication 1, pour la fabrication de lés de sous-toiture et bandes d'étanchéité bitumés.
EP97106878A 1996-05-10 1997-04-25 Matériau de garnissage, procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation Expired - Lifetime EP0806509B2 (fr)

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DE19618775 1996-05-10
DE19618775A DE19618775A1 (de) 1996-05-10 1996-05-10 Trägereinlage, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung

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EP (1) EP0806509B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10131019A (fr)
KR (1) KR100490187B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1122736C (fr)
CA (1) CA2204967C (fr)
DE (2) DE19618775A1 (fr)

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EP0242524A2 (fr) † 1986-02-22 1987-10-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Etoffe stratifiée aiguilletée
US5118550A (en) † 1988-12-13 1992-06-02 Rhone Poulenc Fibres Substrate based on a nonwoven sheet made of chemical textile

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CA2204967A1 (fr) 1997-11-10
EP0806509A1 (fr) 1997-11-12
DE59710363D1 (de) 2003-08-07
DE19618775A1 (de) 1997-11-13
CA2204967C (fr) 2006-08-01
CN1122736C (zh) 2003-10-01
KR970075017A (ko) 1997-12-10
JPH10131019A (ja) 1998-05-19
US6114262A (en) 2000-09-05
KR100490187B1 (ko) 2005-09-28
EP0806509B1 (fr) 2003-07-02
CN1174910A (zh) 1998-03-04

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