EP0806509B2 - Lining material, process for its manufacture and its use - Google Patents
Lining material, process for its manufacture and its use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0806509B2 EP0806509B2 EP97106878A EP97106878A EP0806509B2 EP 0806509 B2 EP0806509 B2 EP 0806509B2 EP 97106878 A EP97106878 A EP 97106878A EP 97106878 A EP97106878 A EP 97106878A EP 0806509 B2 EP0806509 B2 EP 0806509B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- support lining
- enforcement
- threads
- reinforcement
- spunbond nonwoven
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/435—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
- D04H1/485—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
- D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H3/011—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
- D04H3/105—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by needling
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/643—Including parallel strand or fiber material within the nonwoven fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/643—Including parallel strand or fiber material within the nonwoven fabric
- Y10T442/644—Parallel strand or fiber material is glass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/643—Including parallel strand or fiber material within the nonwoven fabric
- Y10T442/645—Parallel strand or fiber material is inorganic [e.g., rock wool, mineral wool, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/654—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
- Y10T442/655—Metal or metal-coated strand or fiber material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/682—Needled nonwoven fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/696—Including strand or fiber material which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous compositions, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a carrier insert, which is particularly suitable as a carrier insert for the production of roofing membranes or as tarpaulin or surface.
- nonwovens based on synthetic fiber webs with reinforcing fibers for example with glass fibers.
- examples of such geomembranes can be found in the GB-A-1,517,595 DE-Gbm-77-39,489, EP-A-160.609 .
- EP-A-403,403 and EP-A-530.769 The connection between fiber fleece and reinforcing fibers is made according to this prior art either by bonding by means of a binder or by needling the layers of different material.
- the interlining material consists of a substrate which has a surface which melts below 150 ° C. and associated reinforcing filaments which melt over 180 ° C. and are fixed parallel to one another on this surface.
- the substrate may be a nonwoven fabric, on one surface of which melt adhesive fibers or threads are provided, which are provided for producing an adhesion of the parallel arranged reinforcing fibers with the nonwoven fabric.
- EP-A-0,281,643 is a combination of reinforcing fibers in the form of a network of bicomponent fibers with nonwovens based on synthetic fibers known, wherein the weight fraction of the network of bicomponent fibers is at least 15 wt .-%.
- a filter material made of inorganic nonwoven material and metal wires known which is used for exhaust air purification at high temperatures (higher than 300 ° C).
- DE-Gbm-295 00 830 describes the reinforcement of a glass fleece with synthetic monofilaments. These reinforcing monofilaments do not contribute significantly to the reference force at low strains in the geomembrane. But they have a much higher tensile strength elongation than the glass fleece; Thus, the areal relationship of the geomembrane is guaranteed even in deformations that can lead to breakage of the glass mat.
- the shrinkage of the synthetic monofilaments is higher than the shrinkage of the glass fleece and can lead to waviness in the geomembrane.
- the reference force of the reinforced carrier insert can be distributed at different strains on the textile fabric or on the reinforcements at low strains.
- a suitable measure of the distribution of the reference forces is the quotient of these reference forces at a measuring temperature of 20 ° C divided by the reference force at 180 ° C.
- the DE-A 43 37 984 describes only a composite in which a fabric of fibers of synthetic polymers and a fabric of glass fibers are combined to form a laminate and that the two layers are then connected by meshing, ie by sewing, knitting or stitching. Any advice to work in accordance with the present invention does not include this disclosure.
- German Utility Model 92 07 367 describes only a laminate, which is composed of at least two layers of spunbonded nonwovens and at least one gel layer of reinforcing yarns. Indications that the carrier insert should have a strain reserve of less than 1% or to a corresponding manufacturing process, as taught in the application, this document is not apparent. Also, the problem solved by the Applicant is also not mentioned in this reference.
- the object of the invention is to provide a carrier insert in which the reinforcements are already in the initial range of elongation, i. between 0 and 1%, and to ensure that the support insert under load in these lower areas already maintains their excellent properties and there is no damage that can be felt both inside and in the outside of the liner insert.
- the object of the invention is also to provide a carrier insert available, which has a significantly improved reference force at low elongation over the entire temperature range.
- Claims 2 to 18 relate to advantageous embodiments.
- the invention further provides a method according to claim 19.
- Advantageous embodiments are described in claims 20 to 23.
- the invention further relates to the use of the carrier insert according to claim 24 or 25.
- the reference force improves at strains below 1%, clearly even at room temperature, when this quotient falls below the value 3 (three).
- the liner thus contains a fabric and a reinforcement, the receives a force, so that in the force-elongation diagram (at 20 ° C), the reference force of the reinforcing insert with reinforcement compared with the support insert without reinforcement in the range between 0 and 1% elongation at least one point by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, more preferably at least 30% different.
- the reinforcement is such that the reference force of the liner at room temperature (20 ° C) divided by the reference force of the liner at 180 °, measured at at least one point in the range between 0 and 1% elongation, a quotient of the highest 3 ( three), preferably at most 2.5, especially preferably less than 2.
- textile fabric is to be understood in this description in its broadest meaning. These may be all structures of fibers of synthesized polymers which have been produced by a surface-forming technique.
- notch depth and notch protrusion are defined in a brochure entitled “Felting and structuring needles” by Groz-Beckert from 1994.
- the reference force is measured in accordance with EN 29073, Part 3, on 5 cm wide specimens at 100 mm gauge length.
- the numerical value of the prestressing force expressed in centinewtons, corresponds to the numerical value of the basis weight of the sample, expressed in grams per square meter.
- textile fabrics are woven, scrim, knitted and knitted fabrics, and preferably nonwovens.
- spunbonded nonwovens which are produced by a disposition of freshly melt-spun filaments are preferred. They consist of continuous synthetic fibers made of melt-spinnable polymer materials.
- Suitable polymeric materials include, for example, polyamides, e.g. Polyhexamethylene diadipamide, polycaprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides ("aramids"), aliphatic polyamides, such as e.g. Nylon, partially aromatic or wholly aromatic polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers having ether and keto groups, e.g. Polyether ketones (PEK) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or polybenzimidazoles.
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PEK Polyether ketones
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- the spunbonded nonwovens preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters.
- Suitable polyester materials are in principle all known types suitable for fiber production.
- Such polyesters consist predominantly of building blocks derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols.
- Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are the divalent radicals of benzenedicarboxylic acids, in particular terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid;
- Common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with the ethylene glycol being particularly suitable.
- Particularly advantageous are spunbonded nonwovens which consist of at least 85 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate.
- dicarboxylic acid units and glycol units which act as so-called modifiers and allow the skilled person, the physical and chemical properties of the targeted to influence filaments produced.
- dicarboxylic acid units are residues of isophthalic acid or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid;
- modifying diol radicals are those of longer-chain diols, eg. Example of propanediol or butanediol, di- or triethylene glycol or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol having a molecular weight of about 500 to 2000.
- polyesters which contain at least 95 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in particular those of unmodified PET.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the backing inserts according to the invention additionally have a flame retardant effect, it is advantageous if they were spun from flame-retardant modified polyesters.
- flame retardant modified polyesters are known. They contain additions of halogen compounds, in particular bromine compounds, or, what is particularly advantageous, they contain phosphorus compounds which are condensed into the polyester chain.
- the spunbonded nonwoven fabrics comprise flame-retardant modified polyesters containing in the chain structural groups of the formula (I) wherein R is alkylene or polymethylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl and R 1 is alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, condensed.
- R is ethylene and R 1 is methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or o-, m- or p-methyl-phenyl, in particular methyl.
- Such spunbonded fabrics are used, for example, in DE-A-39 40 713 described.
- the polyesters contained in the spunbonded nonwovens preferably have a molecular weight corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity (IV), measured in a solution of 1 g of polymer in 100 ml of dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C., of 0.6 to 1.4.
- IV intrinsic viscosity
- the individual titres of the polyester filaments in the spunbonded web are between 1 and 16 dtex, preferably between 2 and 8 dtex.
- the spunbonded nonwoven fabric can also be a meltbond-bonded nonwoven fabric which contains carrier and hot-melt adhesive fibers.
- the carrier and hot melt adhesive fibers can be derived from any thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers.
- carrier fibers can also be derived from non-melting filament-forming polymers.
- meltbond-solidified spunbonded nonwovens are, for example, in EP-A-0,446,822 and EP-A-0,590,629 described.
- polymers from which the carrier fibers can be derived are polyacrylonitrile, polyolefins such as polyethylene, substantially aliphatic polyamides such as nylon 6.6, substantially aromatic polyamides (aramids) such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) or copolymers containing one portion aromatic m-diamine units to improve solubility or poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide), substantially aromatic polyesters such as poly (hydroxybenzoate) or preferably substantially aliphatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate.
- polyacrylonitrile polyolefins such as polyethylene
- substantially aliphatic polyamides such as nylon 6.6
- substantially aromatic polyamides (aramids) such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) or copolymers containing one portion aromatic m-diamine units to improve solubility or poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide)
- substantially aromatic polyesters such as poly (hydroxybenzoate) or preferably substantially aliphatic
- the proportion of the two types of fibers to each other can be selected within wide limits, it being important to ensure that the proportion of hot melt adhesive fibers is selected so high that the nonwoven fabric obtained by bonding the carrier fibers with the hot melt adhesive sufficient strength for the desired application strength.
- the proportion of the melt adhesive obtained from the hotmelt adhesive in the nonwoven fabric is usually less than 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the nonwoven fabric.
- Suitable hot melt adhesives are, in particular, modified polyesters having a melting point lowered by 10 to 50 ° C., preferably 30 to 50 ° C., compared to the nonwoven raw material.
- examples of such a hotmelt adhesive are polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate or by condensing long-chain diols and / or of polyethylene terephthalate modified by isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
- the hot melt adhesives are preferably introduced into the nonwovens in the form of fibers.
- carrier and hot melt adhesive fibers are composed of a polymer class.
- the hot melt adhesive fibers are also made of polyester or a blend of polyesters, e.g. B. as a bicomponent fiber with PET in the core and a lower melting polyethylene terephthalate copolymers selected as a sheath:
- bicomponent fibers are possible, which are composed of different polymers. Examples include bicomponent fibers of polyester and polyamide (core / shell).
- the individual fiber titers of the carrier and the melt adhesive fibers can be selected within wide limits. Examples of typical titer ranges are 1 to 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 6 dtex.
- the carrier inserts according to the invention with flame-retardant properties additionally bound are, they preferably contain flame retardant hot melt adhesive.
- a flame retardant hot melt adhesive z.
- a polyethylene terephthalate modified by the incorporation of chain members of the above formula (I) may be present in the laminate of the present invention.
- the filaments or staple fibers constituting the nonwovens may have a practically round cross section or may have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney, triangular or tri or multilobal cross sections. There are also hollow fibers used. Furthermore, the hot-melt adhesive fiber can also be used in the form of bi- or multicomponent fibers.
- the fibers forming the textile fabric may be modified by conventional additives, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black.
- the ceremoniesngewicdht the spunbonded fabric is between 20 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably 40 and 250 g / m 2 .
- the above properties are obtained, for example, by threads and / or yarns whose Young's modulus is at least 5 Gpa, preferably at least 10 Gpa, more preferably at least 20 Gpa.
- the reinforcing filaments mentioned above have a diameter between 0.1 and 1 mm, preferably 0.1 and 0.5 mm, in particular 0.1 and 0.3 mm and have an elongation at break of 0.5 to 100%, preferably 1 to 60 %.
- the carrier inserts according to the invention have a stretch reserve of less than 1%.
- Strain reserve is the strain applied to the liner before the force applied to the reinforcing fibers is dissipated, i. an extension reserve of 0% would mean that the tensile forces acting on the carrier insert would be immediately dissipated to the reinforcing threads. This means that forces acting on the spunbonded fabric do not first cause orientation or orientation of the reinforcing threads, but rather are derived directly onto the reinforcing threads, so that damage to the textile fabric can be avoided. This is particularly evident in a steep increase in the force to be applied at small strains (force-strain diagram at room temperature).
- Suitable reinforcing threads which have a high elongation at break, the maximum tensile force elongation of the liner insert can be significantly improved.
- Suitable reinforcing threads are, for example, high-strength monofilaments of polyester or wires of metals or metallic alloys whose elongation at break is at least 10%.
- Preferred reinforcing threads are multifilaments and / or monofilaments based on aramids, preferably so-called high-modulus aramids, carbon, glass, high-strength polyester monofilaments, as well as so-called hybrid multifilament yarns (yarns containing reinforcing fibers and lower-melting binder fibers) or wires (monofilaments) of metals or used metallic alloys.
- preferred reinforcements consist of glass multifilaments in the form of parallel filament bundles or layers. In most cases, only a reinforcement in the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven fabrics by parallel yarn courses.
- the reinforcing threads can be used as such or in the form of a textile fabric, for example as a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or as a nonwoven. Preference is given to reinforcements with reinforcing yarns running parallel to each other, ie warp yarns, as well as scrim or fabric.
- the thread density can vary within wide limits depending on the desired property profile.
- the thread density is between 20 and 200 threads per meter.
- the thread density is measured perpendicular to the thread running direction.
- the reinforcing threads are preferably fed during spunbonding and thus embedded in the spunbonded web.
- a fleece deposit on the reinforcement or a subsequent layer formation of reinforcement and nonwoven fabric by assembling is preferred.
- the spunbonded fabrics are subjected to a chemical or thermal and / or mechanical consolidation after their preparation in a known manner.
- the spunbonded nonwovens are mechanically consolidated by needling.
- the spunbonded web which advantageously already contains the reinforcing threads, is usually needled with a needle density of 20 to 100 stitches / cm 2 .
- the needling is advantageously carried out by needles whose notch protrusion, preferably the sum of notch protrusion and notch depth, is smaller than the diameter of the reinforcing threads. As a result, the reinforcing threads are not damaged.
- the spunbonded fabrics, which already contain reinforcing threads are subjected to further solidification steps, for example a thermal treatment.
- the spunbond-bondable spunbonded nonwovens which in addition to carrier fibers also contain binding fibers, are thermally consolidated in a manner known per se with a calender or in an oven. If the spun-bonded nonwovens do not contain binding fibers capable of thermal consolidation, these spun-bonded nonwovens are impregnated with a chemical binder.
- a chemical binder for this purpose, in particular acrylate binders in question.
- the binder content is suitably up to 30 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 25 wt .-%.
- the exact choice of the binder is made according to the special interests of the processor. Hard binders allow high processing speeds during impregnation, in particular bituminization, while a soft binder gives particularly high levels of tear propagation and nail tear resistance.
- flame-retardant modified binders can also be used.
- the carrier web according to the invention has an embossing pattern from statistically distributed or rapporttry arranged, small-scale imprints, preferably a canvas embossing, in which the pressing surface, ie the totality of all thin compacted areas of the spunbonded 30 to 60%, preferably 40 to 45% of its total area, and the thickness of the densified areas of Fleece at least 20%, preferably 25 to 50%, the thickness of the non-compacted areas of the web is.
- this embossing pattern can advantageously be applied during calendering.
- the embossing pattern can likewise be impressed by means of a calender.
- This embossing pattern which is applied when passing through the spunbonded nonwoven by a heated calender on both surfaces of the spunbonded fabric, but preferably only on a surface of the spunbonded nonwoven, has a plurality of small impressions having a size of 0.2 to 40 mm 2 , preferably 0 , 2 to 10 mm 2 , and are separated by intervening, approximately equal, non-embossed surface elements of the web.
- the determination of the area of the densified areas of the nonwoven and the non-compacted areas of the nonwoven fabric can be done for example by means of microscopic cross-sectional images.
- the carrier inserts according to the invention can be combined with other textile fabrics, so that their properties are variable. Such composites containing the carrier insert according to the invention are likewise provided by the invention.
- the reinforcement can be fed before, during and / or after the formation of the textile surface.
- Characteristic of the process is the supply of reinforcement and any thermal treatment in the production process of the carrier insert under tension, in particular under longitudinal stress.
- a thermal treatment under tension is when the position of the reinforcement in the support insert remains unchanged during a thermal step; In particular, the preservation of the longitudinal threads by applying a longitudinal tension of interest.
- the formation of the textile fabric can take place on a tensioned reinforcement or the reinforcement can during the surface forming process, for. As in nonwoven fabric, run or it can be a fabric finished and connected by subsequent assembly with a reinforcement.
- the composite of the textile fabric with the reinforcement can be done by measures known per se, for example by needling or gluing including hot melt bonding. The advantages of the process are particularly evident in the production of needle-punched carrier inserts.
- the formation of a textile fabric described in a) can be effected by spunbonding by means of known spinning apparatuses.
- the molten polymer is passed through several series of spinnerets or groups of spinneret rows connected in series. If a spunbond-bonded spunbonded nonwoven web is to be produced, it is fed alternately with polymers which form the carrier fiber and the hot-melt adhesive fibers.
- the spun polymer streams are drawn in a conventional manner, and z. B. stored using a rotating baffle in litter texture on a conveyor belt.
- the carrier inserts according to the invention can still be combined with other components to form multilayer composites.
- other components are glass fleeces, thermoplastic or metallic foils, insulating materials, etc.
- the carrier inserts according to the invention can be used for the production of bitumen roofing and waterproofing membranes.
- the support material is treated in a conventional manner with bitumen and then optionally with a granular material, such as sand, sprinkled.
- the roofing and waterproofing membranes produced in this way are characterized by good processability.
- the bituminized webs contain at least one embedded in a bitumen matrix - described above - carrier web, wherein the weight fraction of the bitumen on the basis weight of the bituminized roofing membrane is preferably 40 to 90 wt .-% and that of the spunbonded 10 to 60 wt .-%. These tracks may also be a so-called roof underlay.
- bitumen may also be another material, such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride for coating the carrier insert according to the invention can be used.
- PET filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width.
- steel wires are fed continuously in the longitudinal direction at a distance of 2 cm (50 wires / m).
- the wires (manufacturer Bekaert) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.18 mm, a strength of 2300 N / mm 2 and an elongation at break of 1.5%.
- the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa.
- PET filaments are produced with a filament denier of 4 dtex and laid down to a random web of 1 m width.
- steel wires material No. 1.4301
- the wires are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.15 mm, a strength of 14 N and an elongation at break of 34%.
- the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight fraction in the finished fabric is up to 20%.
- the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 165 g / m 2 basis weight.
- the nonwoven strength is improved not only in the range of low elongation but also in high elongation.
- PET filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width.
- wires made of an alloy of the CuZn37 type are continuously fed in the longitudinal direction at intervals of 2 cm (50 wires / m).
- the wires (manufacturer: J.G. Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 47 N and an ultimate elongation of 1.4%.
- the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%.
- the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 192 g / m 2 basis weight.
- PET filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width.
- wires consisting of a CuSn6 type alloy are continuously fed at a distance of 1.2 cm (83 wires / m) in the longitudinal direction.
- the wires (manufacturer: J.G. Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 21 N and an elongation at break of 54%.
- the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%.
- the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 165 g / m 2 basis weight.
- PET filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width.
- wires consisting of an alloy of the CUZn37 type are continuously fed in the longitudinal direction at intervals of 2 cm (50 wires / m).
- the wires (manufacturer: J.G. Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 25 N and an elongation at break of 15%.
- the composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%.
- the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 160 g / m 2 basis weight.
- Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and deposited to a random web of 1 m width.
- Vetrotex EC 934T6Z28 glass multifilaments are fed lengthwise at a distance of 6.25 mm (160 threads per meter).
- the glass filaments are supplied on spools and have a strength of 20 N and a breaking elongation of 2.5%.
- the composite of fleece and threads is needled 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%.
- the binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. You get so Reinforced fleece of 110 g / m 2 basis weight. For the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature with and without reinforcement, the following values were measured: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.5 2 39 1.0 5.5 78 2 11 151 3 16 30 4 22 25 6 31 30 10 44 42 15 67 70 20 100 106 30 172 167 60 390 380
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Trägereinlage, die sich insbesondere als Trägereinlage zur Herstellung von Dachbahnen oder als Plane oder Fläche eignet.The invention relates to a carrier insert, which is particularly suitable as a carrier insert for the production of roofing membranes or as tarpaulin or surface.
Trägereinlagen zur Herstellung von Dachbahnen müssen vielfältigen Anforderungen genügen. So ist einerseits eine ausreichende mechanische Stabilität gefordert, wie gute Perforationsfestigkeit und gute Zugfestigkeit, um beispielsweise den mechanischen Belastungen bei der Weiterverarbeitung, wie Bituminierung oder Verlegen, standzuhalten. Außerdem wird eine hohe Beständigkeit gegen thermische Belastung, beispielsweise beim Bituminieren oder gegen strahlende Wärme, und Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Flugfeuer verlangt. Es hat daher nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, bestehende Trägereinlagen zu verbessern.Backings for the production of roofing membranes have to meet a variety of requirements. So on the one hand sufficient mechanical stability is required, such as good perforation resistance and good tensile strength, for example, to withstand the mechanical stress during further processing, such as bituminization or laying. In addition, a high resistance to thermal stress, such as bituminizing or against radiant heat, and resistance to flying fire is required. There has therefore been no lack of attempts to improve existing carrier inserts.
So ist es bereits bekannt, Vliesstoffe auf der Basis von Synthesefaservliesen mit Verstärkungsfasern, beispielsweise mit Glasfasern zu kombinieren. Beispiele für solche Dichtungsbahnen findet man in den
Es ist ferner bekannt, Verbundstoffe durch Wirk- oder Nähwirktechniken herzustellen. Beispiele dafür finden sich in den
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
DE-Gbm-295 00 830 beschreibt die Verstärkung eines Glasvlieses mit synthetischen Monofilen. Diese Verstärkungsmonofile tragen in der Dichtungsbahn nicht wesentlich zur Bezugskraft bei geringen Dehnungen bei. Sie weisen aber eine deutlich höhere Höchstzugkraftdehnung auf als das Glasvlies; somit wird der flächige Zusammenhang der Dichtungsbahn auch noch bei Verformungen gewährleistet, die zum Bruch des Glasvlieses führen können. Der Schrumpf der synthetischen Monofile ist höher als der Schrumpf des Glasvlieses und kann in der Dichtungsbahn zur Welligkeit führen.DE-Gbm-295 00 830 describes the reinforcement of a glass fleece with synthetic monofilaments. These reinforcing monofilaments do not contribute significantly to the reference force at low strains in the geomembrane. But they have a much higher tensile strength elongation than the glass fleece; Thus, the areal relationship of the geomembrane is guaranteed even in deformations that can lead to breakage of the glass mat. The shrinkage of the synthetic monofilaments is higher than the shrinkage of the glass fleece and can lead to waviness in the geomembrane.
Auch aus der
Für eine Reihe von Anwendungen wird aber ein hoher Modul bei geringen Dehnungen auch bei Zimmertemperatur gewünscht. Dieser hohe Modul verbessert die Handhabbarkeit, insbesondere bei leichten Vliesstoffen.For a number of applications, however, a high modulus at low strains is desired even at room temperature. This high modulus improves handling, especially for lightweight nonwovens.
Je nach Anforderungsprofil und auch nach Kostengesichtspunkten kann die Bezugskraft der verstärkten Trägereinlage bei geringen Dehnungen in unterschiedlichen Anteilen auf das textile Flächengebilde bzw. auf die Verstärkungen verteilt sein.Depending on the requirement profile and also on cost aspects, the reference force of the reinforced carrier insert can be distributed at different strains on the textile fabric or on the reinforcements at low strains.
Eine geeignete Maßzahl für die Aufteilung der Bezugskräfte ist der Quotient dieser Bezugskräfte bei einer Meßtemperatur von 20 °C dividiert durch die Bezugskraft bei 180 °C.A suitable measure of the distribution of the reference forces is the quotient of these reference forces at a measuring temperature of 20 ° C divided by the reference force at 180 ° C.
Trägereinlagen mit einem derart definierten Quotient von 3,3, wie sie in
Die
Die
Das deutsche Gebrauchsmuster 92 07 367 beschreibt lediglich einen Schichtstoff, der aus mindestens zwei Schichten von Spinnvliesen und mindestens einer Gelegeschicht aus Verstärkungsgarnen aufgebaut ist. Hinweise, daß die Trägereinlage eine Dehnungsreserve von weniger als 1 % aufweisen soll oder auch auf ein entsprechendes Herstellungsverfahren, wie es in der Anmeldung gelehrt wird, sind dieser Entgegenhaltung nicht zu entnehmen. Auch wird das von der Anmelderin gelöste Problem in dieser Entgegenhaltung ebenfalls nicht erwähnt.The German Utility Model 92 07 367 describes only a laminate, which is composed of at least two layers of spunbonded nonwovens and at least one gel layer of reinforcing yarns. Indications that the carrier insert should have a strain reserve of less than 1% or to a corresponding manufacturing process, as taught in the application, this document is not apparent. Also, the problem solved by the Applicant is also not mentioned in this reference.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Trägereinlage zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei der die Verstärkungen bereits in dem Anfangsbereich der Dehnung, d.h. zwischen 0 und 1 %, wirksam werden und dafür sorgen, daß die Trägereinlage bei Belastungen in diesen unteren Bereichen bereits ihre hervorragenden Eigenschaften beibehält und es nicht zu Beschädigungen kommt, die sich sowohl im Inneren als auch im Äußeren der Trägereinlage bemerkbar machen können.The object of the invention is to provide a carrier insert in which the reinforcements are already in the initial range of elongation, i. between 0 and 1%, and to ensure that the support insert under load in these lower areas already maintains their excellent properties and there is no damage that can be felt both inside and in the outside of the liner insert.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ferner, eine Trägereinlage zur Verfügung zu stellen, die im gesamten Temperaturbereich eine deutlich verbesserte Bezugskraft bei geringer Dehnung aufweist.The object of the invention is also to provide a carrier insert available, which has a significantly improved reference force at low elongation over the entire temperature range.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Trägereinlage gemäß Anspruch 1. Die Ansprüche 2 bis 18 betreffen vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen.This object is achieved by a carrier insert according to claim 1. Claims 2 to 18 relate to advantageous embodiments.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 19. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen werden in den Ansprüchen 20 bis 23 beschrieben.The invention further provides a method according to claim 19. Advantageous embodiments are described in claims 20 to 23.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner die Verwendung der Trägereinlage gemäß Anspruch 24 oder 25.The invention further relates to the use of the carrier insert according to claim 24 or 25.
Überraschenderweise verbessert sich die Bezugskraft bei Dehnungen unter 1 %, deutlich auch bei Zimmertemperatur, wenn dieser Quotient den Wert 3 (drei) unterschreitet.Surprisingly, the reference force improves at strains below 1%, clearly even at room temperature, when this quotient falls below the value 3 (three).
Die Trägereinlage enthält also ein textiles Flächengebilde und eine Verstärkung, die
eine Kraft aufnimmt, so daß sich im Kraft-Dehnungs-Diagramm (bei 20 °C) die Bezugskraft der Trägereinlage mit Verstärkung verglichen mit der Trägereinlage ohne Verstärkung im Bereich zwischen 0 und 1 % Dehnung an mindestens einer Stelle um mindestens 10 %, vorzugsweise um mindestens 20 %, insbesondere bevorzugt um mindestens 30 % unterscheidet.The liner thus contains a fabric and a reinforcement, the
receives a force, so that in the force-elongation diagram (at 20 ° C), the reference force of the reinforcing insert with reinforcement compared with the support insert without reinforcement in the range between 0 and 1% elongation at least one point by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, more preferably at least 30% different.
Darüber hinaus ist die Verstärkung derart, daß die Bezugskraft der Trägereinlage bei Raumtemperatur (20 °C), dividiert durch die Bezugskraft der Trägereinlage bei 180°, gemessen an mindestens einem Punkt im Bereich zwischen 0 und 1 % Dehnung, einen Quotienten von höchsten 3 (drei), vorzugsweise höchstens 2,5, insbesondere bevorzugt kleiner 2, ergibt.In addition, the reinforcement is such that the reference force of the liner at room temperature (20 ° C) divided by the reference force of the liner at 180 °, measured at at least one point in the range between 0 and 1% elongation, a quotient of the highest 3 ( three), preferably at most 2.5, especially preferably less than 2.
Der Begriff "textiles Flächengebilde" ist im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung in seiner breitesten Bedeutung zu verstehen. Dabei kann es sich um alle Gebilde aus Fasern aus synthetisierten Polymeren handeln, die nach einer flächenbildenden Technik hergestellt worden sind.The term "textile fabric" is to be understood in this description in its broadest meaning. These may be all structures of fibers of synthesized polymers which have been produced by a surface-forming technique.
Die Begriffe Kerbentiefe und Kerbenüberstand sind in einem Prospekt mit der Bezeichnung "Filz- und Strukturierungsnadeln" der Fa. Groz-Beckert aus dem Jahr 1994 definiert.The terms notch depth and notch protrusion are defined in a brochure entitled "Felting and structuring needles" by Groz-Beckert from 1994.
Die Messung der Bezugskraft erfolgt nach EN 29073, Teil 3, an 5 cm breiten Proben bei 100 mm Meßlänge. Der Zahlenwert der Vorspannkraft, angegeben in Centinewton entspricht dabei dem Zahlenwert der Flächenmasse der Probe, angegeben in Gramm pro Quadratmeter.The reference force is measured in accordance with EN 29073, Part 3, on 5 cm wide specimens at 100 mm gauge length. The numerical value of the prestressing force, expressed in centinewtons, corresponds to the numerical value of the basis weight of the sample, expressed in grams per square meter.
Beispiele für solche textilen Flächengebilde sind Gewebe, Gelege, Gestricke und Gewirke, sowie vorzugsweise Vliese.Examples of such textile fabrics are woven, scrim, knitted and knitted fabrics, and preferably nonwovens.
Von den Vliesen aus Fasern aus synthetischen Polymeren sind Spinnvliese, sogenannte Spunbonds, die durch eine Wirrablage frisch schmelzgesponnener Filamente erzeugt werden, bevorzugt. Sie bestehen aus Endlos-Synthesefasern aus schmelzspinnbaren Polymermaterialien. Geeignete Polymermaterialien sind beispielsweise Polyamide, wie z.B. Polyhexamethylen-diadipamid, Polycaprolactam, aromatische oder teilaromatische Polyamide ("Aramide"), aliphatische Polyamide, wie z.B. Nylon, teilaromatische oder vollaromatische Polyester, Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Polymere mit Ether- und Keto-gruppen, wie z.B. Polyetherketone (PEK) und Poly-etheretherketon (PEEK), oder Polybenzimidazole.Of the nonwovens of synthetic polymer fibers, spunbonded nonwovens, so-called spunbonds, which are produced by a disposition of freshly melt-spun filaments are preferred. They consist of continuous synthetic fibers made of melt-spinnable polymer materials. Suitable polymeric materials include, for example, polyamides, e.g. Polyhexamethylene diadipamide, polycaprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides ("aramids"), aliphatic polyamides, such as e.g. Nylon, partially aromatic or wholly aromatic polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers having ether and keto groups, e.g. Polyether ketones (PEK) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or polybenzimidazoles.
Bevorzugt bestehen die Spinnvliese aus schmelzspinnbaren Polyestern. Als Polyestermaterial kommen im Prinzip alle zur Faserherstellung geeigneten bekannten Typen in Betracht. Derartige Polyester bestehen überwiegend aus Bausteinen, die sich von aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren und von aliphatischen Diolen ableiten. Gängige aromatische Dicarbonsäurebausteine sind die zweiwertigen Reste von Benzoldicarbonsäuren, insbesondere der Terephthalsäure und der Isophthalsäure; gängige Diole haben 2 bis 4 C-Atome, wobei das Ethylenglycol besonders geeignet ist. Besonders vorteilhaft sind Spinnvliese, die zu mindestens 85 mol % aus Polyethylenterephthalat bestehen. Die restlichen 15 mol % bauen sich dann aus Dicarbonsäureeinheiten und Glycoleinheiten auf, die als sogenannte Modifizierungsmittel wirken und die es dem Fachmann gestatten, die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der hergestellten Filamente gezielt zu beeinflussen. Beispiele für solche Dicarbonsäureeinheiten sind Reste der Isophthalsäure oder von aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure wie z.B. Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Sebazinsäure; Beispiele für modifizierend wirkende Diolreste sind solche von längerkettigen Diolen, z. B. von Propandiol oder Butandiol, von Di- oder Triethylenglycol oder, sofern in geringer Menge vorhanden, von Polyglycol mit einem Molgewicht von ca. 500 bis 2000.The spunbonded nonwovens preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters. Suitable polyester materials are in principle all known types suitable for fiber production. Such polyesters consist predominantly of building blocks derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols. Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are the divalent radicals of benzenedicarboxylic acids, in particular terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid; Common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with the ethylene glycol being particularly suitable. Particularly advantageous are spunbonded nonwovens which consist of at least 85 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate. The remaining 15 mol% then build up from dicarboxylic acid units and glycol units, which act as so-called modifiers and allow the skilled person, the physical and chemical properties of the targeted to influence filaments produced. Examples of such dicarboxylic acid units are residues of isophthalic acid or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid; Examples of modifying diol radicals are those of longer-chain diols, eg. Example of propanediol or butanediol, di- or triethylene glycol or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol having a molecular weight of about 500 to 2000.
Besonders bevorzugt sind Polyester, die mindestens 95 mol % Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) enthalten, insbesondere solche aus unmodifiziertem PET.Particular preference is given to polyesters which contain at least 95 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in particular those of unmodified PET.
Sollen die erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlagen zusätzlich eine flammhemmende Wirkung haben, so ist es von Vorteil, wenn sie aus flammhemmend modifizierten Polyestern ersponnen wurden. Derartige flammhemmend modifizierten Polyester sind bekannt. Sie enthalten Zusätze von Halogenverbindungen, insbesondere Bromverbindungen, oder, was besonders vorteilhaft ist, sie enthalten Phosphorverbindungen, die in die Polyesterkette einkondensiert sind.If the backing inserts according to the invention additionally have a flame retardant effect, it is advantageous if they were spun from flame-retardant modified polyesters. Such flame retardant modified polyesters are known. They contain additions of halogen compounds, in particular bromine compounds, or, what is particularly advantageous, they contain phosphorus compounds which are condensed into the polyester chain.
Besonders bevorzugt enthalten die Spinnvliese flammhemmend modifizierte Polyester, die in der Kette Baugruppen der Formel (I)
Die in den Spinnvliesen enthaltenen Polyester haben vorzugsweise ein Molekulargewicht entsprechend einer intrinsischen Viskosität (IV), gemessen in einer Lösung von 1 g Polymer in 100 ml Dichloressigsäure bei 25 °C, von 0,6 bis 1,4.The polyesters contained in the spunbonded nonwovens preferably have a molecular weight corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity (IV), measured in a solution of 1 g of polymer in 100 ml of dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C., of 0.6 to 1.4.
Die Einzeltiter der Polyesterfilamente im Spinnvlies betragen zwischen 1 und 16 dtex, vorzugsweise 2 bis 8 dtex.The individual titres of the polyester filaments in the spunbonded web are between 1 and 16 dtex, preferably between 2 and 8 dtex.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann das Spinnvlies auch ein schmelzbinderverfestigter Vliesstoff sein, welcher Träger- und Schmelzklebefasern enthält. Die Träger- und Schmelzklebefasern können sich von beliebigen thermoplastischen fadenbildenden Polymeren ableiten. Trägerfasern können sich darüber hinaus auch von nicht schmelzenden fadenbildenden Polymeren ableiten. Derartige schmelzbinderverfestigte Spinnvliese sind beispielsweise in
Beispiele für Polymere, von denen sich die Trägerfasern ableiten können, sind Polyacrylnitril, Polyolefine, wie Polyethylen, im wesentlichen aliphatische Polyamide, wie Nylon 6.6, im wesentlichen aromatische Polyamide (Aramide), wie Poly-(p-phenylenterephthalamid) oder Copolymere enthaltend einen Anteil an aromatischen m-Diamineinheiten zur Verbesserung der Löslichkeit oder Poly-(m-phenylenisophthalamid), im wesentlichen aromatische Polyester, wie Poly-(phydroxybenzoat) oder vorzugsweise im wesentlichen aliphatische Polyester, wie Polyethylenterephthalat.Examples of polymers from which the carrier fibers can be derived are polyacrylonitrile, polyolefins such as polyethylene, substantially aliphatic polyamides such as nylon 6.6, substantially aromatic polyamides (aramids) such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) or copolymers containing one portion aromatic m-diamine units to improve solubility or poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide), substantially aromatic polyesters such as poly (hydroxybenzoate) or preferably substantially aliphatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate.
Der Anteil der beiden Fasertypen zueinander kann in weiten Grenzen gewählt werden, wobei darauf zu achten ist, daß der Anteil der Schmelzklebefasern so hoch gewählt wird, daß der Vliesstoff durch Verklebung der Trägerfasern mit den Schmelzklebefasern eine für die gewünschte Anwendung ausreichende Festigkeit erhält. Der Anteil des aus der Schmelzklebgefaser stammenden Schmelzklebers im Vliesstoff beträgt üblicherweise weniger als 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Vliesstoffes.The proportion of the two types of fibers to each other can be selected within wide limits, it being important to ensure that the proportion of hot melt adhesive fibers is selected so high that the nonwoven fabric obtained by bonding the carrier fibers with the hot melt adhesive sufficient strength for the desired application strength. The proportion of the melt adhesive obtained from the hotmelt adhesive in the nonwoven fabric is usually less than 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the nonwoven fabric.
Als Schmelzkleber kommen insbesondere modifizierte Polyester mit einem gegenüber dem Vliesstoff-Rohstoff um 10 bis 50 °C, vorzugsweise 30 bis 50 °C abgesenkten Schmelzpunkt in Betracht. Beispiele für einen derartigen Schmelzkleber sind Polypropylen, Polybutylenterephthalat oder durch Einkondensieren längerkettiger Diole und/oder von Isophthalsäure oder aliphatischen Dicarbonsäuren modifiziertes Polyethylenterephthalat.Suitable hot melt adhesives are, in particular, modified polyesters having a melting point lowered by 10 to 50 ° C., preferably 30 to 50 ° C., compared to the nonwoven raw material. Examples of such a hotmelt adhesive are polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate or by condensing long-chain diols and / or of polyethylene terephthalate modified by isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
Die Schmelzkleber werden vorzugsweise in Faserform in die Vliese eingebracht.The hot melt adhesives are preferably introduced into the nonwovens in the form of fibers.
Vorzugsweise sind Träger- und Schmelzklebefasern aus einer Polymerklasse aufgebaut. Darunter ist zu verstehen, daß alle eingesetzten Fasern aus einer Substanzklasse so ausgewählt werden, daß diese nach Gebrauch des Vlieses problemlos recycliert werden können. Bestehen die Trägerfasern beispielsweise aus Polyester, so werden die Schmelzklebefasern ebenfalls aus Polyester oder aus einer Mischung von Polyestern, z. B. als Bikomponentenfaser mit PET im Kern und einen niedriger schmelzenden Polyethylenterephthalat-Copolymeren als Mantel ausgewählt: Darüber hinaus sind jedoch auch Bikomponentenfasern möglich, die aus unterschiedlichen Polymeren aufgebaut sind. Beispiele hierfür sind Bikomponentenfasern aus Polyester und Polyamid (Kern/Hülle).Preferably, carrier and hot melt adhesive fibers are composed of a polymer class. By this is meant that all fibers used are selected from a class of substances so that they can be easily recycled after use of the web. For example, if the carrier fibers are polyester, the hot melt adhesive fibers are also made of polyester or a blend of polyesters, e.g. B. as a bicomponent fiber with PET in the core and a lower melting polyethylene terephthalate copolymers selected as a sheath: In addition, however, bicomponent fibers are possible, which are composed of different polymers. Examples include bicomponent fibers of polyester and polyamide (core / shell).
Die Einzelfasertiter der Träger- und der Schmelzklebefasern können innerhalb weiter Grenzen gewählt werden. Beispiele für übliche Titerbereiche sind 1 bis 16 dtex, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 dtex.The individual fiber titers of the carrier and the melt adhesive fibers can be selected within wide limits. Examples of typical titer ranges are 1 to 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 6 dtex.
Sofern die erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlagen mit flammhemmenden Eigenschaften zusätzlich gebunden sind, enthalten sie vorzugsweise flammhemmende Schmelzkleber. Als flammhemmender Schmelzkleber kann z. B. ein durch Einbau von Kettengliedern der oben angegebenen Formel (I) modifiziertes Polyethylenterephthalat in dem erfindungsgemäßen Schichtstoff vorhanden sein.If the carrier inserts according to the invention with flame-retardant properties additionally bound are, they preferably contain flame retardant hot melt adhesive. As a flame retardant hot melt adhesive z. For example, a polyethylene terephthalate modified by the incorporation of chain members of the above formula (I) may be present in the laminate of the present invention.
Die die Vliesstoffe aufbauenden Filamente oder Stapelfasern können einen praktisch runden Querschnitt besitzen oder auch andere Formen aufweisen, wie hantel-, nierenförmige, dreieckige bzw. tri- oder multilobale Querschnitte. Es sind auch Hohlfasern einsetzbar. Ferner läßt sich die Schmelzklebefaser auch in Form von Bi- oder Mehrkomponentenfasern einsetzen.The filaments or staple fibers constituting the nonwovens may have a practically round cross section or may have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney, triangular or tri or multilobal cross sections. There are also hollow fibers used. Furthermore, the hot-melt adhesive fiber can also be used in the form of bi- or multicomponent fibers.
Die das textile Flächengebilde bildenden Fasern können durch übliche Zusätze modifiziert sein, beispielsweise durch Antistatika, wie Ruß.The fibers forming the textile fabric may be modified by conventional additives, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black.
Das Flächengewicdht des Spinnvlieses beträgt zwischen 20 und 500 g/m2, vorzugsweise 40 und 250 g/m2.The Flächengewicdht the spunbonded fabric is between 20 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably 40 and 250 g / m 2 .
Die vorstehenden Eigenschaften werden beispielsweise durch Fäden und/oder Garne erhalten, deren Young-Modul mindestens 5 Gpa, bevorzugt mindestens 10 Gpa, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 20 Gpa, beträgt. Die vorstehend genannten Verstärkungsfäden haben einen Durchmesser zwischen 0,1 und 1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,1 und 0,5 mm, insbesondere 0,1 und 0,3 mm und besitzen eine Bruchdehnung von 0,5 bis 100 %, vorzugsweise 1 bis 60 %. Die erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlagen weisen eine Dehnungsreserve von weniger als 1 % auf.The above properties are obtained, for example, by threads and / or yarns whose Young's modulus is at least 5 Gpa, preferably at least 10 Gpa, more preferably at least 20 Gpa. The reinforcing filaments mentioned above have a diameter between 0.1 and 1 mm, preferably 0.1 and 0.5 mm, in particular 0.1 and 0.3 mm and have an elongation at break of 0.5 to 100%, preferably 1 to 60 %. The carrier inserts according to the invention have a stretch reserve of less than 1%.
Als Dehnungsreserve wird die Dehnung bezeichnet, die auf die Trägereinlage einwirkt bevor die einwirkende Kraft auf die Verstärkungsfäden abgeleitet wird, d.h. eine Dehnungsreserve von 0 % würde bedeuten, das auf die Trägereinlage einwirkende Zugkräfte sofort auf die Verstärkungsfäden abgeleitet werden würden. Dies bedeutet, daß auf das Spinnvlies einwirkende Kräfte nicht erst eine Ausrichtung bzw. Orientierung der Verstärkungsfäden bewirken sondern vielmehr direkt auf die Verstärkungsfäden abgeleitet werden, so daß eine Schädigung des textilen Flächengebildes vermieden werden kann. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere in einem steilen Anstieg der aufzuwendenden Kraft bei kleinen Dehnungen (Kraft-Dehnungs-Diagramm bei Raumtemperatur). Zusätzlich kann mit Hilfe geeigneter Verstärkungsfäden, die eine hohe Bruchdehnung aufweisen, die Höchstzugkraftdehnung der Trägereinlage erheblich verbessert werden. Geeignete Verstärkungsfäden sind beispielsweise hochfeste Monofilamente aus Polyester oder Drähte aus Metallen oder metallischen Legierungen deren Bruchdehnung mindestens 10 % beträgt.Strain reserve is the strain applied to the liner before the force applied to the reinforcing fibers is dissipated, i. an extension reserve of 0% would mean that the tensile forces acting on the carrier insert would be immediately dissipated to the reinforcing threads. This means that forces acting on the spunbonded fabric do not first cause orientation or orientation of the reinforcing threads, but rather are derived directly onto the reinforcing threads, so that damage to the textile fabric can be avoided. This is particularly evident in a steep increase in the force to be applied at small strains (force-strain diagram at room temperature). In addition, with the help of suitable reinforcing threads, which have a high elongation at break, the maximum tensile force elongation of the liner insert can be significantly improved. Suitable reinforcing threads are, for example, high-strength monofilaments of polyester or wires of metals or metallic alloys whose elongation at break is at least 10%.
Bevorzugt werden als Verstärkungsfäden Multifilamente und/oder Monofilamente auf Basis von Aramiden, vorzugsweise sogenannte Hoch-Modul-Aramide, Kohlenstoff, Glas, hochfeste Polyester-Monofilamente, sowie sogenannte Hybridmultifilamentgarne (Garne enthaltend Verstärkungsfasern und tieferschmelzende Bindefasern) oder Drähte (Monofilamente) aus Metallen oder metallischen Legierungen eingesetzt.Preferred reinforcing threads are multifilaments and / or monofilaments based on aramids, preferably so-called high-modulus aramids, carbon, glass, high-strength polyester monofilaments, as well as so-called hybrid multifilament yarns (yarns containing reinforcing fibers and lower-melting binder fibers) or wires (monofilaments) of metals or used metallic alloys.
Bevorzugte Verstärkungen bestehen aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen aus Glas-Multifilamenten in Form von parallelen Fadenscharen oder Gelegen. Meist erfolgt nur eine Verstärkung in Längsrichtung der Vliesstoffe durch parallel laufende Fadenscharen.For economic reasons, preferred reinforcements consist of glass multifilaments in the form of parallel filament bundles or layers. In most cases, only a reinforcement in the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven fabrics by parallel yarn courses.
Die Verstärkungsfäden können als solche oder auch in Form eines textilen Flächengebildes, beispielsweise als Gewebe, Gelege, Gestrick, Gewirke oder als Vlies eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt werden Verstärkungen mit zueinander parallel laufenden Verstärkungsgarnen, also Kettfadenscharen, sowie Gelege oder Gewebe.The reinforcing threads can be used as such or in the form of a textile fabric, for example as a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or as a nonwoven. Preference is given to reinforcements with reinforcing yarns running parallel to each other, ie warp yarns, as well as scrim or fabric.
Die Fadendichte kann in Abhängigkeit vom gewünschten Eigenschaftsprofil in weiten Grenzen schwanken. Bevorzugt beträgt die Fadendichte zwischen 20 und 200 Fäden pro Meter. Die Fadendichte wird senkrecht zur Fadenlaufrichtung gemessen. Die Verstärkungsfäden werden vorzugsweise während der Spinnvliesbildung zugeführt und somit in das Spinnvlies eingebettet. Ebenso bevorzugt ist eine Vliesablage auf die Verstärkung oder eine nachträgliche Schichtbildung aus Verstärkung und Vliesstoff durch Assemblieren.The thread density can vary within wide limits depending on the desired property profile. Preferably, the thread density is between 20 and 200 threads per meter. The thread density is measured perpendicular to the thread running direction. The reinforcing threads are preferably fed during spunbonding and thus embedded in the spunbonded web. Likewise preferred is a fleece deposit on the reinforcement or a subsequent layer formation of reinforcement and nonwoven fabric by assembling.
Üblicherweise werden die Spinnvliese nach ihrer Herstellung in bekannter Weise einer chemischen oder thermischen und/oder mechanischen Verfestigung unterworfen. Bevorzugt werden die Spinnvliese mechanisch durch Vernadeln verfestigt. Hierzu wird das Spinnvlies, das vorteilhafterweise bereits die Verstärkungsfäden enthält, üblicherweise mit einer Nadeldichte von 20 bis 100 Stichen/cm2 vernadelt. Die Vernadelung erfolgt vorteilhafterweise durch Nadeln deren Kerbenüberstand, bevorzugt der Summe aus Kerbenüberstand und Kerbentiefe, kleiner ist als der Durchmesser der Verstärkungsfäden. Hierdurch Werden die Verstärkungsfäden nicht geschädigt. Anschließend werden die Spinnvliese, die bereits Verstärkungsfäden enthalten, weiteren Verfestigungsschritten, beispielsweise einer thermischen Behandlung unterworfen.Usually, the spunbonded fabrics are subjected to a chemical or thermal and / or mechanical consolidation after their preparation in a known manner. Preferably, the spunbonded nonwovens are mechanically consolidated by needling. For this purpose, the spunbonded web, which advantageously already contains the reinforcing threads, is usually needled with a needle density of 20 to 100 stitches / cm 2 . The needling is advantageously carried out by needles whose notch protrusion, preferably the sum of notch protrusion and notch depth, is smaller than the diameter of the reinforcing threads. As a result, the reinforcing threads are not damaged. Subsequently, the spunbonded fabrics, which already contain reinforcing threads, are subjected to further solidification steps, for example a thermal treatment.
Hierzu werden die schmelzbinderverfestigbaren Spinnvliese, die neben Trägerfasern auch Bindefasern enthalten, in an sich bekannter Weise mit einem Kalander oder in einem Ofen thermisch verfestigt. Enthalten die Spinnvliese keine zur thermischen Verfestigung befähigten Bindefasern, so werden diese Spinnvliese mit einem chemischen Binder imprägniert. Hierzu kommen insbesondere Acrylatbinder in Frage. Der Binderanteil beträgt zweckmäßigerweise bis zu 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 25 Gew.-%. Die genaue Wahl des Binders erfolgt nach der speziellen Interessenlage des Weiterverarbeiters. Harte Binder erlauben hohe Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeiten bei einer Imprägnierung, insbesondere Bituminierung, während ein weicher Binder besonders hohe Werte der Weiterreiß- und Nagelausreißfestigkeit ergibt.For this purpose, the spunbond-bondable spunbonded nonwovens, which in addition to carrier fibers also contain binding fibers, are thermally consolidated in a manner known per se with a calender or in an oven. If the spun-bonded nonwovens do not contain binding fibers capable of thermal consolidation, these spun-bonded nonwovens are impregnated with a chemical binder. For this purpose, in particular acrylate binders in question. The binder content is suitably up to 30 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 25 wt .-%. The exact choice of the binder is made according to the special interests of the processor. Hard binders allow high processing speeds during impregnation, in particular bituminization, while a soft binder gives particularly high levels of tear propagation and nail tear resistance.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform können auch flammhemmend modifizierte Binder verwendet werden.In a further embodiment, flame-retardant modified binders can also be used.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die erfindungsgemäße Trägerbahn ein Prägemuster aus statistisch verteilten oder rapportmäßig angeordneten, kleinflächigen Einprägungen, vorzugsweise eine Leinwandprägung auf, bei der die Preßfläche, d.h. die Gesamtheit aller dünnen verdichteten Stellen des Spinnvlieses 30 bis 60 %, vorzugsweise 40 bis 45 % seiner Gesamtfläche ausmacht, und die Dicke der verdichteten Stellen des Vlieses mindestens 20 %, vorzugsweise 25 bis 50 %, der Dicke der nicht verdichteten Stellen des Vlieses beträgt. Dieses Prägemuster kann im Fall der schmelzbinderverfestigten Spinnvliese vorteilhafterweise bei der Kalander-Verfestigung aufgebracht werden. Wird die Trägereinlage durch einen chemischen Binder endverfestigt kann das Prägemuster ebenfalls mittels eines Kalanders aufgeprägt werden. Dieses Prägemuster, das beim Durchlaufen des Spinnvlieses durch einen beheizten Kalander auf beide Oberflächen des Spinnvlieses, vorzugsweise aber nur auf eine Oberfläche des Spinnvlieses aufgebracht wird, weist eine Vielzahl kleiner Einprägungen auf, die eine Größe von 0,2 bis 40 mm2, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 10 mm2, haben und durch dazwischen liegende, etwa gleich große, nicht geprägte Flächenelemente des Vlieses voneinander getrennt sind. Die Bestimmung der Fläche der verdichteten Stellen des Vlieses und der nicht verdichteten Stellen des Vlieses kann beispielsweise mittels mikroskopischer Querschnittsaufnahmen erfolgen.In a further embodiment of the invention, the carrier web according to the invention has an embossing pattern from statistically distributed or rapportmäßig arranged, small-scale imprints, preferably a canvas embossing, in which the pressing surface, ie the totality of all thin compacted areas of the spunbonded 30 to 60%, preferably 40 to 45% of its total area, and the thickness of the densified areas of Fleece at least 20%, preferably 25 to 50%, the thickness of the non-compacted areas of the web is. In the case of the meltbond-solidified spunbonded nonwoven, this embossing pattern can advantageously be applied during calendering. If the carrier insert is finally solidified by a chemical binder, the embossing pattern can likewise be impressed by means of a calender. This embossing pattern, which is applied when passing through the spunbonded nonwoven by a heated calender on both surfaces of the spunbonded fabric, but preferably only on a surface of the spunbonded nonwoven, has a plurality of small impressions having a size of 0.2 to 40 mm 2 , preferably 0 , 2 to 10 mm 2 , and are separated by intervening, approximately equal, non-embossed surface elements of the web. The determination of the area of the densified areas of the nonwoven and the non-compacted areas of the nonwoven fabric can be done for example by means of microscopic cross-sectional images.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlagen können mit weiteren textilen Flächengebilden kombiniert werden, so daß deren Eigenschaften variabel sind. Derartige Verbundstoffe, die die erfindungsgemäße Trägereinlage enthalten, sind ebenfalls Gegenstand der Erfindung.The carrier inserts according to the invention can be combined with other textile fabrics, so that their properties are variable. Such composites containing the carrier insert according to the invention are likewise provided by the invention.
Die Zuführung der Verstärkung kann vor, während und/oder nach der Bildung der textilen Fläche erfolgen.The reinforcement can be fed before, during and / or after the formation of the textile surface.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlage umfaßt an sich bekannte Maßnahmen
- a) Bildung eines textilen Flächengebildes,
- b) Zuführen der Verstärkung,
- c) gegebenenfalls Zuführen oder Herstellung eines weiteren textilen Flächengebildes, so daß die Verstärkung sandwich-artig von textilen Flächengebilden umgeben ist,
- d) Verfestigung der gemäß Maßnahme c) erhaltenen Trägereinlage,
- e) gegebenenfalls Imprägnieren der gemäß d) verfestigten Trägereinlage mit einem Binder, und
- f) gegebenenfalls Verfestigung des gemäß d) erhaltenen Zwischenproduktes durch erhöhte Temperatur und/oder Druck, wobei die Reihenfolge der Schritte a) und b) auch umgekehrt sein kann.
- a) formation of a textile fabric,
- b) supplying the reinforcement,
- c) optionally feeding or producing a further textile fabric, so that the reinforcement is sandwiched by textile fabrics,
- d) solidification of the carrier insert obtained according to measure c),
- e) optionally impregnating the support layer solidified according to d) with a binder, and
- f) optionally solidification of the intermediate product obtained according to d) by increased temperature and / or pressure, wherein the sequence of steps a) and b) can also be reversed.
Kennzeichnend für das Verfahren ist die Zuführung der Verstärkung und jede thermische Behandlung im Herstellverfahren der Trägereinlage unter Spannung, insbesondere unter Längsspannung. Eine thermische Behandlung unter Spannung liegt vor, wenn die Lage der Verstärkung in der Trägereinlage bei einem thermischen Schritt unverändert bleibt; dabei ist insbesondere der Erhalt der Längsfäden durch Anlegen einer Längsspannung von Interesse. Die Bildung des textilen Flächengebildes kann auf einer gespannt zulaufenden Verstärkung erfolgen oder die Verstärkung kann während des Flächenbildungsprozesses, z. B. bei der Vliesherstellung, zulaufen oder es kann ein textiles Flächengebilde fertiggestellt werden und durch nachträgliches Assemblieren mit einer Verstärkung verbunden werden. Der Verbund des textilen Flächengebildes mit der Verstärkung kann durch an sich bekannte Maßnahmen erfolgen, beispielsweise durch Nadeln oder Kleben einschließlich Schmelzkleben. Die Vorteile des Verfahrens zeigen sich besonders bei der Herstellung von vernadelten Trägereinlagen.Characteristic of the process is the supply of reinforcement and any thermal treatment in the production process of the carrier insert under tension, in particular under longitudinal stress. A thermal treatment under tension is when the position of the reinforcement in the support insert remains unchanged during a thermal step; In particular, the preservation of the longitudinal threads by applying a longitudinal tension of interest. The formation of the textile fabric can take place on a tensioned reinforcement or the reinforcement can during the surface forming process, for. As in nonwoven fabric, run or it can be a fabric finished and connected by subsequent assembly with a reinforcement. The composite of the textile fabric with the reinforcement can be done by measures known per se, for example by needling or gluing including hot melt bonding. The advantages of the process are particularly evident in the production of needle-punched carrier inserts.
Die gemäß a) beschriebene Bildung eines textilen Flächengebildes kann durch Spinnvliesbildung mittels an sich bekannter Spinnapparate erfolgen.The formation of a textile fabric described in a) can be effected by spunbonding by means of known spinning apparatuses.
Hierzu wird das geschmolzene Polymer durch mehrere hintereinander geschaltete Reihen von Spinndüsen bzw. Gruppen von Spinndüsenreihen geschickt. Soll ein schmelzbinderverfestigtes Spinnvlies erzeugt werden, so wird abwechselnd mit Polymeren beschickt, die die Trägerfaser und die Schmelzklebefasern bilden. Die ausgesponnenen Polymerströme werden in an sich bekannter Weise verstreckt, und z. B. unter Verwendung einer rotierenden Prallplatte in Streutextur auf einem Transportband abgelegt.For this purpose, the molten polymer is passed through several series of spinnerets or groups of spinneret rows connected in series. If a spunbond-bonded spunbonded nonwoven web is to be produced, it is fed alternately with polymers which form the carrier fiber and the hot-melt adhesive fibers. The spun polymer streams are drawn in a conventional manner, and z. B. stored using a rotating baffle in litter texture on a conveyor belt.
Um speziellen Anforderungen zu genügen, wie z.B. Brandschutz oder extreme thermomechanische Beanspruchung, können die erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlagen noch mit weiteren Komponenten zu mehrschichtigen Verbundstoffen kombiniert werden. Beispiele für weitere Komponenten sind Glasvliese, thermoplastische oder metallische Folien, Dämmstoffe, etc..To meet special requirements, such as Fire protection or extreme thermo-mechanical stress, the carrier inserts according to the invention can still be combined with other components to form multilayer composites. Examples of other components are glass fleeces, thermoplastic or metallic foils, insulating materials, etc.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlagen lassen sich zur Herstellung von bituminierten Dach- und Dichtungsbahnen verwenden. Dies ist ebenfalls ein Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung. Dazu wird das Trägermaterial in an sich bekannter Weise mit Bitumen behandelt und anschließend gegebenenfalls mit einem körnigen Material, beispielsweise mit Sand, bestreut. Die auf diese Weise hergestellten Dach- und Dichtungsbahnen zeichnen sich durch gute Verarbeitbarkeit aus. Die bituminierten Bahnen enthalten mindestens eine in eine Bitumenmatrix eingebettete - vorstehend beschriebene - Trägerbahn, wobei der Gewichtsanteil des Bitumens am Flächengewicht der bituminierten Dachbahn vorzugsweise 40 bis 90 Gew.-% und der des Spinnvlieses 10 bis 60 Gew.-% beträgt. Bei diesen Bahnen kann es sich auch um eine sogenannte Dachunterspannbahn handeln.The carrier inserts according to the invention can be used for the production of bitumen roofing and waterproofing membranes. This is also an object of the present invention. For this purpose, the support material is treated in a conventional manner with bitumen and then optionally with a granular material, such as sand, sprinkled. The roofing and waterproofing membranes produced in this way are characterized by good processability. The bituminized webs contain at least one embedded in a bitumen matrix - described above - carrier web, wherein the weight fraction of the bitumen on the basis weight of the bituminized roofing membrane is preferably 40 to 90 wt .-% and that of the spunbonded 10 to 60 wt .-%. These tracks may also be a so-called roof underlay.
Anstelle von Bitumen kann auch ein anderes Material, z.B. Polyethylen oder Polyvinylchlorid zur Beschichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlage verwendet werden.Instead of bitumen may also be another material, such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride for coating the carrier insert according to the invention can be used.
Es werden Polyethylen-Terephthalat (PET)-Fäden mit einem Filamenttiter von 4 dtex hergestellt und zu einem Wirrvlies von 2 m Breite abgelegt.
Während des Ablegens werden in Längsrichtung kontinuierlich Stahldrähte im Abstand von 2 cm (50 Drähte/m) zugeführt. Die Drähte (Hersteller Fa. Bekaert) werden auf Spulen geliefert und haben einen Durchmesser von 0,18 mm, eine Festigkeit von 2300 N/mm2 und eine Bruchdehnung von 1,5 %.
Der Verbund Vlies/Drähte wird mit 40 Stichen/cm2 bei einer Einstichtiefe von 12,5 mm vernadelt (Nadeltyp Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) und anschließend mit einem Acrylatbinder imprägniert, dessen Gewichtsanteil im fertigen Vlies bei 20 % liegt. Die Aushärtung des Binders erfolgt in einem Siebtrommelofen bei 210 °C. Man erhält so ein verstärktes Vlies von 190 g/m2 Flächenmasse.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width.
During laying, steel wires are fed continuously in the longitudinal direction at a distance of 2 cm (50 wires / m). The wires (manufacturer Bekaert) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.18 mm, a strength of 2300 N / mm 2 and an elongation at break of 1.5%.
The composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 190 g / m 2 basis weight.
Für die Bezugskräfte des Vlieses bei Umgebungstemperatur (20 °C) mit und ohne Verstärkung wurden folgende Werte gemessen:
Es werden Polyethylen-Terephthalat (PET)-Fäden mit einem Filamenttiter von 4 dtex hergestellt und zu einem Wirrvlies von 1 m Breite abgelegt. Während des Ablegens werden in Längsrichtung kontinuierlich Stahldrähte (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4301) im Abstand von 6,7 mm (150 Drähte/m) zugeführt. Die Drähte (Hersteller Fa. Sprint Metal) werden auf Spulen geliefert und haben einen Durchmesser von 0,15 mm, eine Festigkeit von 14 N und eine Bruchdehnung von 34 %.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments are produced with a filament denier of 4 dtex and laid down to a random web of 1 m width. During laying, steel wires (material No. 1.4301) are fed continuously in the longitudinal direction at a distance of 6.7 mm (150 wires / m). The wires (manufacturer Sprint Metal) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.15 mm, a strength of 14 N and an elongation at break of 34%.
Der Verbund Vlies/Drähte wird mit 40 Stichen/cm2 bei einer Einstichtiefe von 12,5 mm vernadelt (Nadeltyp Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) und anschließend mit einem Acrylatbinder imprägniert, dessen Gewichtsanteil im fertigen Vlies bie 20 % liegt. Die Aushärtung des Binders erfolgt in einem Siebtrommelofen bei 210 °C. Man erhält so ein verstärktes Vlies von 165 g/m2 Flächenmasse.The composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight fraction in the finished fabric is up to 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 165 g / m 2 basis weight.
Für die Bezugskräfte des Vlieses bei Umgebungstemperatur (20 °C) mit und ohne Verstärkung wurden folgende Werte gemessen:
In diesem Beispiel wird deutlich, daß die Vliesfestigkeit nicht nur im Bereich geringer Dehnung, sondern auch ei hoher Dehnung verbessert wird.In this example, it is clear that the nonwoven strength is improved not only in the range of low elongation but also in high elongation.
Es werden Polyethylen-Terephthalat (PET)-Fäden mit einem Filamenttiter von 4 dtex hergestellt und zu einem Wirrvlies von 2 m Breite abgelegt. Während des Ablegens werden in Längsrichtung kontinuierlich Drähte, bestehend aus einer Legierung des Typs CuZn37, im Abstand von 2 cm (50 Drähte/m) zugeführt. Die Drähte (Hersteller Fa. J.G. Dahmen) werden auf Spulen geliefert und haben einen Durchmesse von 0,25 mm, eine Festigkeit von 47 N und eine Bruchdehnung von 1,4 %.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width. During deposition, wires made of an alloy of the CuZn37 type are continuously fed in the longitudinal direction at intervals of 2 cm (50 wires / m). The wires (manufacturer: J.G. Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 47 N and an ultimate elongation of 1.4%.
Der Verbund Vlies/Drähte wird mit 40 Stichen/cm2 bei einer Einstichtiefe von 12,5 mm vernadelt (Nadeltype Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) und anschließend mit einem Acrylbinder imprägniert, dessen Gewichtsanteil im fertigen Vlies bei 20 % liegt. Die Aushärtung des Binders erfolgt in einem Siebtrommelofen bei 210 °C. Man erhält so ein verstärktes Vlies von 192 g/m2 Flächenmasse.The composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 192 g / m 2 basis weight.
Für die Bezugskräfte des Vlieses bei Umgebungstemperatur (20 °C) mit und ohne Verstärkung wurden folgende Werte gemessen:
Es werden Polyethylen-Terephthalat (PET)-Fäden mit einem Filamenttiter von 4 dtex hergestellt und zu einem Wirrvlies von 2 m Breite abgelegt. Während des Ablegens werden in Längsrichtung kontinuierlich Drähte, bestehend aus einer Legierung des Typs CuSn6, im Abstand von 1,2 cm (83 Drähte/m) zugeführt. Die Drähte (Hersteller Fa. J.G. Dahmen) werden auf Spulen geliefert und haben einen Durchmesser von 0,25 mm, eine Festigkeit von 21 N und eine Bruchdehnung von 54 %.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width. During deposition, wires consisting of a CuSn6 type alloy are continuously fed at a distance of 1.2 cm (83 wires / m) in the longitudinal direction. The wires (manufacturer: J.G. Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 21 N and an elongation at break of 54%.
Der Verbund Vlies/Drähte wird mit 40 Stichen/cm2 bei einer Einstichtiefe von 12,5 mm vernadelt (Nadeltype Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) und anschließend mit einem Acrylbinder imprägniert, dessen Gewichtsanteil im fertigen Vlies bei 20 % liegt. Die Aushärtung des Binders erfolgt in einem Siebtrommelofen bei 210 °C. Man erhält so ein verstärktes Vlies von 165 g/m2 Flächenmasse.The composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 165 g / m 2 basis weight.
Für die Bezugskräfte des Vlieses bei Umgebungstemperatur (20 °C) mit und ohne Verstärkung wurden folgende Werte gemessen:
Es werden Polyethylen-Terephthalat (PET)-Fäden mit einem Filamenttiter von 4 dtex hergestellt und zu einem Wirrvlies von 2 m Breite abgelegt. Während des Ablegens werden in Längsrichtung kontinuierlich Drähte, bestehend aus einer Legierung des Typs CUZn37, im Abstand von 2 cm (50 Drähte/m) zugeführt. Die Drähte (Hersteller Fa. J.G. Dahmen) werden auf Spulen geliefert und haben einen Durchmesser von 0,25 mm, eine Festigkeit von 25 N und eine Bruchdehnung von 15 %.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments are produced with a filament titer of 4 dtex and laid down to a random nonwoven web of 2 m width. During deposition, wires consisting of an alloy of the CUZn37 type are continuously fed in the longitudinal direction at intervals of 2 cm (50 wires / m). The wires (manufacturer: J.G. Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 25 N and an elongation at break of 15%.
Der Verbund Vlies/Drähte wird mit 40 Stichen/cm2 bei einer Einstichtiefe von 12,5 mm vernadelt (Nadeltype Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) und anschließend mit einem Acrylbinder imprägniert, dessen Gewichtsanteil im fertigen Vlies bei 20 % liegt. Die Aushärtung des Binders erfolgt in einem Siebtrommelofen bei 210 °C. Man erhält so ein verstärktes Vlies von 160 g/m2 Flächenmasse.The composite nonwoven / wires is needle punched with 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced nonwoven of 160 g / m 2 basis weight.
Für die Bezugskräfte des Vlieses bei Umgebungstemperatur (20 °C) mit und ohne Verstärkung wurden folgende Werte gemessen:
Es werden Polyethylenterephthalat (PET)-Fäden mit einem Filamenttiter von 4 dtex hergestellt und zu einem Wirrvlies von 1 m Breite abgelegt. Während des Ablegens werden in Längsrichtung Glasmultifilamente vom Typ EC 934T6Z28 der Firma Vetrotex in Abstand von 6,25 mm (160 Fäden pro Meter) zugeführt. Die Glasfäden werden auf Spulen geliefert und haben eine Festigkeit von 20 N und eine Bruchdehnung 2,5 %.
Der Verbund aus Vlies und Fäden wird mit 40 Stichen/cm2 bei einer Einstichtiefe von 12,5 mm vernadelt (Nadeltype Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) und anschließend mit einem Acrylatbinder imprägniert, dessen Gewichtsanteil im fertigen Vlies bei 20 % liegt. Die Aushärtung des Binders erfolgt in einem Siebtrommelofen bei 210 °C. Man erhält so ein verstärktes Vlies von 110 g/m2 Flächenmasse. Für die Bezugskräfte des Vlieses bei Umgebungstemperatur mit und ohne Verstärkung wurden folgende Werte gemessen:
The composite of fleece and threads is needled 40 stitches / cm 2 at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type Fa. Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight fraction in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. You get so Reinforced fleece of 110 g / m 2 basis weight. For the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature with and without reinforcement, the following values were measured:
Claims (15)
- A support lining, incorporating a spunbond nonwoven and a reinforcement, characterized in that the support lining exhibits an elongation reserve of less than 1% and in the stress-strain diagram (at 20 °C) the reference force of the support lining with reinforcement differs by at least 10% from that of the support lining without reinforcement in the elongation range between 0 and 1 %, for at least one elongation value, where the reinforcement of the spunbond nonwoven has been provided under longitudinal stress and any thermal treatment has been carried out under stress during the production of the support lining that the spunbond nonwoven that incorporates the reinforcement threads with a needle density of 20 to 100 stitches/cm2 is mechanically fixed, whereas the notch extension or the sum of notch extension and notch depth of the needle is smaller than the diameter of the enforcement threads, in turn the spunbond nonwoven that already includes the enforcement threads has been treated with another thermal solidification by means of a chemical binder and the spunbond nonwoven does not have binding fibers capable for thermal solidification.
- The support lining according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the stress-strain diagram at 20 °C the reference force of the support lining with enforcement differs in comparison with the support lining without enforcement in the range between 0 and 1 % elongation at least at one place at a minimum of 30%.
- The support lining according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reference force of the support lining at room temperature of 20 °C, divided by the reference force of the support lining at 180°C, measured at least at one place in the range between 0 and 1% elongation, results in a ratio not more than 3.
- The support lining according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spunbond nonwoven is made out of polyester.
- The support lining according to Claim 4, characterized in that the polyester consist at least 85 mol%vof polyethylene terephthalate.
- The support lining according to Claim 4, characterized in that the spunbond nonwoven is a binder-consolidated spunbond nonwoven.
- The support lining according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the grammage of the spunbond nonwoven is between 20 and 500 g/m2.
- The support lining according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the enforcement exists in form of enforcement threads whose diameters is 0.1 to 1 mm and whose Young-module is at least 5 Gpa.
- The support lining according to Claim 8, characterized in that the enforcement threads have a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- The support lining according to Claim 8, characterized in that the enforcement threads have a breaking elongation of von 0.5 to 100 %.
- The support lining according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the enforcement has the enforcement in form of enforcement threads made of monofilaments or multifilaments.
- The support lining according to Claim 11, characterized in that the enforcement threads are made of aramids, carbon, glass, high-tenacity polyester monofilaments, hybrid multifilaments, metals or metallic alloys.
- The support lining according to Claim 4, characterized in that the spunbond nonwoven made of polyester has an embossed pattern.
- Use of the support lining defined in Claim 1 for the production of composites, in particular of synthetic roof and sealing sheets.
- Use of the support lining defined in Claim 1 for the production of bituminous synthetic roof and sealing sheets.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19618775 | 1996-05-10 | ||
DE19618775A DE19618775A1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | Carrier insert, process for its production and its use |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0806509A1 EP0806509A1 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
EP0806509B1 EP0806509B1 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
EP0806509B2 true EP0806509B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
Family
ID=7793897
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97106878A Expired - Lifetime EP0806509B2 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1997-04-25 | Lining material, process for its manufacture and its use |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6114262A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0806509B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10131019A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100490187B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1122736C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2204967C (en) |
DE (2) | DE19618775A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6489805B1 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2002-12-03 | Cypress Semiconductor Corp. | Circuits, architectures, and methods for generating a periodic signal in a memory |
DE19950057B4 (en) * | 1999-10-16 | 2005-10-13 | Johns Manville International, Inc., Denver | Two-ply or multi-ply fabrics of polyester filament webs and fiberglass webs or plies |
DE19935408B4 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2004-04-22 | Johns Manville International, Inc., Denver | Multi-layer laminate |
US7199065B1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2007-04-03 | Johns Manville | Non-woven laminate composite |
FR2804677B1 (en) * | 2000-02-09 | 2002-08-30 | Vetrotex France Sa | GLASS SAIL AND ITS USE FOR SEALING COATINGS |
US7125601B1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2006-10-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Integrated granule product |
US6796115B1 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2004-09-28 | Gilbert Patrick | Needle punched yarns |
US7166671B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2007-01-23 | Cellresin Technologies, Llc | Grafted cyclodextrin |
US8129450B2 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2012-03-06 | Cellresin Technologies, Llc | Articles having a polymer grafted cyclodextrin |
EP1447213A1 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-18 | Saint-Gobain Vetrotex France S.A. | Complex comprising a drylaid veil of glass fibres and a veil of organic fibres |
ES2564057T3 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2016-03-17 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Spray separator |
US8057567B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2011-11-15 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and breather filter structure |
JP5308031B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2013-10-09 | ドナルドソン カンパニー,インコーポレイティド | Ventilation filter and ventilation filtration assembly |
ATE442893T1 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2009-10-15 | Donaldson Co Inc | AEROSOL SEPARATOR |
US7325262B2 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2008-02-05 | Standard Textile Co., Inc. | Bedding hem with associated interlining |
DE202006021073U1 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2012-04-30 | Johns Manville Europe Gmbh | Backing insert and its use |
DE102006060241A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Johns Manville Europe Gmbh | Supporting layer, useful in composite roofing or sealing sheets, is obtained by hydrodynamic consolidation of textile sheet containing reinforcement structure |
US20080233825A1 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-25 | Mohamed Walid Gamaleldin | Articles Including High Modulus Fibrous Material |
DE102007060494A1 (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-18 | Johns Manville Europe Gmbh | Backing insert, process for their preparation and their use |
US10260197B2 (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2019-04-16 | Johns Manville | Base interlining, methods for their manufacture and application thereof |
DE202008010258U1 (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2008-10-30 | Johns Manville, Denver | Reinforcement insert and coated roofing membranes |
DE102009005587A1 (en) | 2009-01-21 | 2010-07-22 | Johns Manville Europe Gmbh | Method for determining reference force of e.g. spunbonded fabric, utilized as carrier insert for producing roofing sheet, involves comparing reinforced planar structure exhibiting reference force with planar structure without reinforcement |
US20100212272A1 (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-26 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media suitable for ashrae applications |
DE102010007939A1 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Johns Manville Europe GmbH, 86399 | Pre-assembled carrier insert and coated roofing membranes |
IT1402753B1 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2013-09-18 | Politex S A S Di Freudenberg Politex S R L | TEXTILE SUPPORT REINFORCED WITH LONGITUDINAL FILAMENTS OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS, PARTICULARLY FOR BITUMINOUS MEMBRANES. |
IT1402882B1 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2013-09-27 | Politex S A S Di Freudenberg Politex S R L | CONSOLIDATED TEXTILE SUPPORT FOR CHEMICAL AND THERMAL WAYS, PARTICULARLY FOR BITUMINOUS MEMBRANES. |
US8651286B2 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2014-02-18 | Johns Manville | Spunbond polyester mat with binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
EP2679713A1 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-01 | O.R.V. Ovattificio Resinatura Valpadana S.p.a. | Support in nonwoven textile reinforced with threads and process for making such support |
DE102012025023A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Johns Manville Europe Gmbh | filter media |
ITMI20131114A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-04 | Politex S A S Di Freudenberg Polit Ex S R L | SUPPORT SUBSTRATE FOR BITUMINOUS MEMBRANE AND ITS PREPARATION PROCEDURE. |
GB2524063B (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2020-07-01 | Advanced Risc Mach Ltd | Data processing apparatus for executing an access instruction for N threads |
TWI663311B (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2019-06-21 | Low & Bonar B. V. | Carrier material for vinyl floor covering and composite product comprising the same |
CN105972813A (en) * | 2016-05-15 | 2016-09-28 | 夏维月 | Electric boiler |
US11618997B2 (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2023-04-04 | Johns Manville | Reinforced polymeric nonwoven mat for carpet tiles |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0242524A2 (en) † | 1986-02-22 | 1987-10-28 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Needled layered fabric |
US5118550A (en) † | 1988-12-13 | 1992-06-02 | Rhone Poulenc Fibres | Substrate based on a nonwoven sheet made of chemical textile |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1517595A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-07-12 | Bp Aquaseal Ltd | Bituminous material |
DE7739489U1 (en) * | 1977-12-24 | 1978-04-20 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | ROOF AND SEALING Membrane |
US4181514A (en) * | 1978-02-14 | 1980-01-01 | Huyck Corporation | Stitch knitted filters for high temperature fluids and method of making them |
JPS565879A (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-21 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Earthquake-proof and fire-proof putty composition |
US4472086A (en) * | 1981-02-26 | 1984-09-18 | Burlington Industries Inc. | Geotextile fabric construction |
US4504539A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1985-03-12 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Warp yarn reinforced ultrasonic web bonding |
DE3347280A1 (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1985-07-11 | VEB Kombinat Glasseide Oschatz, DDR 7260 Oschatz | Process for the production of backing materials |
FR2562472B1 (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1986-06-06 | Chomarat & Cie | MATERIAL BASED ON A TEXTILE TABLECLOTH COMPRISING A NON-WOVEN POLYESTER WHICH IS USED AS A SUPPORT FOR GLASS FIBERS IMPLANTED BY NEEDLE, USEABLE AS A REINFORCING STRUCTURE FOR BITUMINOUS SEALING COATING |
DE3435643A1 (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-04-10 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | LAMINATE |
EP0222610A3 (en) * | 1985-11-13 | 1988-11-30 | Teijin Limited | Laminate sheet material for sails and process for producing the same |
DE3774869D1 (en) * | 1987-03-09 | 1992-01-09 | Chisso Corp | REINFORCED FABRIC. |
FR2628448B1 (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1990-11-16 | Chomarat & Cie | TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF LAMINATED COMPLEXES AND LAMINATED COMPLEXES IN THE FORM COMPRISING SUCH AN ARMATURE |
DE3831271A1 (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1990-03-15 | Hoechst Ag | CARRIER RAIL FOR ROOF COVERING |
FR2646442B1 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1993-04-02 | Chomarat & Cie | TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND SHAPED ARTICLES HAVING SUCH AN REINFORCEMENT |
FR2648482B1 (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1992-05-15 | Chomarat & Cie | MULTI-LAYERED TEXTILE COMPLEXES BASED ON FIBROUS TABLECLOTHS HAVING DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
DE4008043A1 (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-09-19 | Hoechst Ag | TRAILER RAIL FOR ROOF TENSION RAILWAYS |
WO1992005949A1 (en) * | 1990-10-03 | 1992-04-16 | Milliken Research Corporation | Rigid fiber composite |
DE4129188A1 (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1993-03-04 | Spinnstoffabrik Zehlendorf Ag | MELT FIBER-ADHESIVE LAMINATE, METHOD AND INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF |
DE9207367U1 (en) * | 1992-05-30 | 1992-09-10 | Johns Manville International, Inc., Denver, Col. | Laminate made of fleece and scrim |
ATE148928T1 (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1997-02-15 | Hoechst Ag | BITUMINATED ROOF UNDERWEARING AND SUPPORTING METHOD |
DE4337984A1 (en) * | 1993-11-06 | 1995-05-11 | Hoechst Ag | Textile composite, manufacture thereof and use thereof |
EP0656254A1 (en) * | 1993-11-06 | 1995-06-07 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Textile composite material, method for its manufacture and use |
US5433028A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1995-07-18 | Novak; Vicente N. | Gun's trigger locking mechanism |
KR100295418B1 (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 2001-10-24 | 김기진 | Manufacturing method of reinforcing fiber using broken yarn of glass fiber and structure thereof |
-
1996
- 1996-05-10 DE DE19618775A patent/DE19618775A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-04-25 DE DE59710363T patent/DE59710363D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-25 EP EP97106878A patent/EP0806509B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-07 CN CN97111113A patent/CN1122736C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-08 KR KR1019970017582A patent/KR100490187B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-08 US US08/853,061 patent/US6114262A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-09 CA CA002204967A patent/CA2204967C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-12 JP JP9120768A patent/JPH10131019A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0242524A2 (en) † | 1986-02-22 | 1987-10-28 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Needled layered fabric |
US5118550A (en) † | 1988-12-13 | 1992-06-02 | Rhone Poulenc Fibres | Substrate based on a nonwoven sheet made of chemical textile |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59710363D1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
KR970075017A (en) | 1997-12-10 |
CA2204967C (en) | 2006-08-01 |
KR100490187B1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
EP0806509A1 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
DE19618775A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
CN1174910A (en) | 1998-03-04 |
JPH10131019A (en) | 1998-05-19 |
CN1122736C (en) | 2003-10-01 |
CA2204967A1 (en) | 1997-11-10 |
EP0806509B1 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
US6114262A (en) | 2000-09-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0806509B2 (en) | Lining material, process for its manufacture and its use | |
EP0761859B1 (en) | Textile laminate, process for its manufacture, its use and hybrid yarns containing webs | |
EP1939342B1 (en) | Reinforcements, method for their manufacture and application thereof | |
EP0572891B1 (en) | Non-woven sheet and saim | |
DE60031546T2 (en) | COMPOSITE NONWOVEN MATERIAL | |
EP0590629B1 (en) | Bituminous under-roofing felt and carrier web | |
EP0435001B1 (en) | Laminat | |
DE4129188A1 (en) | MELT FIBER-ADHESIVE LAMINATE, METHOD AND INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF | |
DE19620361C2 (en) | Carrier insert and its use | |
EP0603633B1 (en) | Three-component laminate | |
EP0455990B2 (en) | Thermally stable, melting-binder-strengthened nonwoven web and method for making the same | |
DE202008010258U1 (en) | Reinforcement insert and coated roofing membranes | |
DE60005527T2 (en) | HYDRODYNAMICALLY GROUNDED CARRIER RAILS AND THEIR USE | |
DE19521838A1 (en) | Supporting liner for roofing and sealing strip with high tensile strength | |
DE202006021073U1 (en) | Backing insert and its use | |
DE19952432B4 (en) | laminate | |
DE29608372U1 (en) | Carrier insert | |
DE3821011A1 (en) | MULTI-LAYER CARRIER | |
DE19935531C2 (en) | Two-layer laminate | |
DE29609098U1 (en) | Carrier insert | |
DE19935408A1 (en) | Two or three layer laminates of synthetic non-woven fabric and woven glass fabric or scrim, for use in bituminized roofing webs and sealing membranes, in which the layers are bonded by needling and consolidated with a binder | |
DE29700810U1 (en) | Nonwoven fabric with improved surface quality for roofing membranes | |
DE9207368U1 (en) | Laminate made of fleece and scrim | |
DE102009005587A1 (en) | Method for determining reference force of e.g. spunbonded fabric, utilized as carrier insert for producing roofing sheet, involves comparing reinforced planar structure exhibiting reference force with planar structure without reinforcement | |
DE9313329U1 (en) | Textured non-woven fabric made of synthetic fibers |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT LU NL |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19980331 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: JOHNS MANVILLE INTERNATIONAL, INC. |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20000117 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT LU NL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59710363 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20030807 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
PLBQ | Unpublished change to opponent data |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OPPO |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
PLAX | Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: FREUDENBERG POLITEX S.R.L. Effective date: 20040331 |
|
NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: FREUDENBERG POLITEX S.R.L. |
|
PLAX | Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2 |
|
PLBB | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition received |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3 |
|
RDAF | Communication despatched that patent is revoked |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREV1 |
|
APAH | Appeal reference modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO |
|
APBM | Appeal reference recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREFNO |
|
APBP | Date of receipt of notice of appeal recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA2O |
|
APBQ | Date of receipt of statement of grounds of appeal recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA3O |
|
APBU | Appeal procedure closed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA9O |
|
PLBP | Opposition withdrawn |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009264 |
|
PUAH | Patent maintained in amended form |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED |
|
27A | Patent maintained in amended form |
Effective date: 20110831 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B2 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT LU NL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R102 Ref document number: 59710363 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R102 Ref document number: 59710363 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20110831 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 59710363 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: MAI DOERR BESIER EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEYS - E, DE Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 59710363 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: MAI DOERR BESIER PATENTANWAELTE, DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20160429 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20160426 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20160427 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20160427 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20160421 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20160425 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20160427 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 59710363 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MK Effective date: 20170424 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20170424 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20170424 |