EP0806509B1 - Lining material, process for its manufacture and its use - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a carrier insert, which is particularly a carrier insert suitable for the production of roofing membranes or as a tarp or surface.

Carrier inserts for the production of roofing membranes must be diverse Requirements met. So on the one hand there is sufficient mechanical Stability required, such as good perforation strength and good tensile strength for example the mechanical loads during further processing, such as Bituminizing or laying to withstand. It will also be high Resistance to thermal stress, for example when bituminizing or against radiant heat, and resistance to flight fire required. There has therefore been no shortage of attempts at existing carrier inserts to improve.

So it is already known to use nonwovens based on synthetic fiber nonwovens Reinforcing fibers, for example to combine with glass fibers. examples for such sealing sheets can be found in GB-A-1,517,595, DE-Gbm-77-39,489, EP-A-160,609, EP-A-176-847, EP-A-403,403 and EP-A-530.769. The connection between nonwoven and reinforcing fibers takes place according to this prior art either by gluing using a Binder or by needling the layers of different material.

It is also known to use composites by knitting or sewing techniques manufacture. Examples of this can be found in DE-A-3,347,280, US-A-4,472,086, EP-A-333,602 and EP-A-395,548.

DE-A-3,417,517 describes a textile interlining with anisotropic Properties and a method for its production are known. The Interlining consists of a substrate that melts below 150 ° C Has surface, and associated melting over 180 ° C. Reinforcement filaments that are fixed on this surface parallel to each other are. According to one embodiment, the substrate can be a Trade non-woven fabric, on one surface of which there are hot melt adhesive fibers or threads are used to produce a bond of the parallel arranged Reinforcing fibers are provided with the nonwoven.

From US-A-4,504,539 is a combination of reinforcing fibers in the form of bicomponent fibers with nonwovens based on synthetic fibers known.

From EP-A-0,281,643 is a combination of reinforcing fibers in the form a network of bicomponent fibers with nonwovens based on Synthetic fibers are known, the weight percentage of the network Bicomponent fibers is at least 15% by weight.

From JP-A-81-5879 a composite is known, which with a reticular reinforcing material is provided.

From GB-A-2,017,180 is a filter material made of inorganic non-woven material and metal wires known for cleaning exhaust air at high temperatures (higher than 300 ° C) is used.

DE-Gbm-295 00 830 describes the reinforcement of a glass fleece synthetic monofilaments. These reinforcing monofilaments carry in the Sealing membrane does not contribute significantly to the reference force at low strains. However, they have a significantly higher maximum tensile force extension than that Glass mat; thus the areal connection of the geomembrane also becomes guaranteed in the event of deformations that can lead to breakage of the glass fleece. The shrinkage of synthetic monofilaments is higher than the shrinkage of Glass fleece and can lead to waviness in the sealing membrane.

DE-A-3,941,189 also discloses a combination of reinforcing fibers in Form of a thread chain with nonwovens based on synthetic fibers known that can be connected to each other in various ways. In this application it is emphasized that the Young module of the reinforced The carrier insert does not change compared to an unreinforced base fleece.

For a number of applications, however, a high module with a low one Stretches are also desired at room temperature. This high module improves handling, especially with light nonwovens.

Depending on the requirement profile and also on cost aspects, the Reference force of the reinforced carrier insert at low stretches in different proportions on the textile fabric or on the Reinforcements can be distributed.

The quotient is a suitable measure for the distribution of the reference forces of these reference forces at a measuring temperature of 20 ° C divided by the Reference force at 180 ° C.

Carrier deposits with a quotient of 3.3 as defined in DE-A-3,941,189 show no detectable improvement in the Reference force at room temperature.

DE-A 39 41 189 does not describe carriers or documents based on woven nonwovens containing reinforcement threads with a high modulus. The figure 1 this document shows, however, that in the low stretch range between 0 and 1% the reference forces of the support insert with reinforcement and that of the support insert not distinguish without reinforcement. These conditions are also in the Description on page 4 in lines 34 and 35, where it expressly states that the curve of the stress / strain curve of the reinforced fleece is as close as possible that of the non-reinforced fleece. A suggestion, according to the teaching to work the invention, the average person skilled in this document can not remove.

DE-A 43 37 984 only describes a composite in which a textile Fabric made of synthetic polymer fibers and a textile fabric of glass fibers are combined into a laminate and that the two Layers then by meshing, i.e. by sewing, knitting or sewing, get connected. Any clues, according to the present invention work does not contain this laid-open document.

The German utility model 92 07 367 describes only a laminate that consists of at least two layers of spunbonded nonwovens and at least one layer of scrim Reinforcement yarns is built. Indications that the carrier insert is a Should have an expansion reserve of less than 1% or to a corresponding one Manufacturing processes as taught in the application are these Not to be cited. This is also resolved by the applicant Problem not mentioned in this document either.

The object of the invention is to provide a carrier insert in which the Reinforcements already in the initial area of elongation, i.e. between 0 and 1%, take effect and ensure that the carrier insert with loads in these lower areas already maintain their excellent properties and not too Damage that occurs both inside and outside the Carrier insert can make noticeable.

The object of the invention is also to provide a carrier insert available in a significantly improved reference force with low elongation throughout the temperature range having.

This object is achieved by a carrier insert according to claim 1. The claims 2 to 18 relate to advantageous embodiments.

The invention further relates to a method according to claim 19. Advantageous Embodiments are described in claims 20 to 23.

The invention further relates to the use of the carrier insert according to claim 24 or 25.

Surprisingly, the reference force improves with strains below 1%, also clearly at room temperature if this quotient is 3 (three) below.

The carrier insert thus contains a textile fabric and a reinforcement
absorbs a force so that in the force-elongation diagram (at 20 ° C) the reference force of the carrier insert with reinforcement compared to the carrier insert without reinforcement in the range between 0 and 1% elongation at least at one point by at least 10%, preferably around differs at least 20%, particularly preferably by at least 30%.

In addition, the reinforcement is such that the reference force of the carrier insert at room temperature (20 ° C) divided by the reference force of the carrier insert at 180 °, measured at at least one point in the range between 0 and 1% elongation, a quotient of at most 3 (three), preferably at most 2.5, particularly preferably less than 2, results.

The term "textile fabric" is used in the context of this description to understand the broadest meaning. It can be made up of all structures Fibers made from synthesized polymers act on a surface-forming Technology have been produced.

The terms notch depth and notch protrusion are in a brochure with the Description "felting and structuring needles" from Groz-Beckert from the Year 1994 defined.

The reference force is measured according to EN 29073, part 3, on 5 cm wide Samples at 100 mm measuring length. The numerical value of the preload, specified in Centinewton corresponds to the numerical value of the mass per unit area of the sample, stated in grams per square meter.

Examples of such textile fabrics are woven, laid, knitted and Knitted fabrics, and preferably nonwovens.

Of the nonwovens made of synthetic polymer fibers are spunbonded nonwovens, So-called spunbonds, which are created by a tangle of freshly melt-spun Filaments are generated, preferred. They consist of endless synthetic fibers made of melt-spinnable polymer materials. Suitable polymer materials are for example polyamides, e.g. Polyhexamethylene diadipamide, Polycaprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides ("aramids"), aliphatic polyamides, e.g. Nylon, partially aromatic or fully aromatic Polyester, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers with ether and keto groups, such as e.g. Polyether ketones (PEK) and poly ether ketones (PEEK), or Polybenzimidazoles.

The spunbonded fabrics preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters. As In principle, polyester materials are all suitable for fiber production known types into consideration. Such polyesters mainly consist of Building blocks that differ from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic Derive diols. Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are divalent residues of benzenedicarboxylic acids, especially the Terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid; common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, the ethylene glycol being particularly suitable. Are particularly advantageous Spunbonded fabrics which consist of at least 85 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate. The remaining 15 mol% are then made up of dicarboxylic acid units and Glycol units, which act as so-called modifiers and which allow the person skilled in the art to control the physical and chemical properties of the to influence the filaments produced. Examples of such Dicarboxylic acid units are residues of isophthalic acid or aliphatic Dicarboxylic acid such as e.g. Glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid; examples for modifying diol residues are those of longer-chain diols, e.g. B. of propanediol or butanediol, of di- or triethylene glycol or, if in small amount available, of polyglycol with a molecular weight of approx. 500 until 2000.

Polyesters which contain at least 95 mol% are particularly preferred. Contain polyethylene terephthalate (PET), especially those made of unmodified PET.

Should the carrier inserts according to the invention also have a flame-retardant Have an effect, so it is beneficial if they are made of flame retardant modified polyesters were spun. Such flame retardant modified polyesters are known. They contain additions from Halogen compounds, especially bromine compounds, or what particularly is advantageous, they contain phosphorus compounds that are in the polyester chain are condensed.

worin R Alkylen oder Polymethylen mit 2 bis 6 C-Atomen oder Phenyl und R¹ Alkyl mit 1 bis 6 C-Atomen, Aryl oder Aralkyl bedeutet, einkondensiert enthalten. Vorzugsweise bedeuten in der Formel (I) R Ethylen und R¹ Methyl, Ethyl, Phenyl, oder o-, m- oder p-Methyl-phenyl, insbesondere Methyl. Derartige Spinnvliese werden z.B. in der DE-A-39 40 713 beschrieben.The spunbonded fabrics particularly preferably contain flame-retardant modified polyesters which in the chain contain assemblies of the formula (I)

wherein R is alkylene or polymethylene with 2 to 6 C atoms or phenyl and R ^{1 is} alkyl with 1 to 6 C atoms, aryl or aralkyl, contained in condensed form. In the formula (I), R is preferably ethylene and R ^{1 is} methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or o-, m- or p-methylphenyl, in particular methyl. Such spunbonded fabrics are described, for example, in DE-A-39 40 713.

The polyesters contained in the spunbonded fabrics preferably have a Molecular weight corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity (IV), measured in a solution of 1 g polymer in 100 ml dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C, of 0.6 to 1.4.

The individual titer of the polyester filaments in the spunbonded fabric is between 1 and 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 8 dtex.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the spunbond can also be a be melt-bond-bonded nonwoven, which carrier and Contains hot melt adhesive fibers. The carrier and hot melt adhesive fibers can be derived from any thermoplastic thread-forming polymer. Carrier fibers can also differ from non-melting ones derive thread-forming polymers. Such solidified melt binders Spunbonded fabrics are described, for example, in EP-A-0,446,822 and EP-A-0,590,629 described.

Examples of polymers from which the carrier fibers can be derived are Polyacrylonitrile, polyolefins such as polyethylene, essentially aliphatic Polyamides, such as nylon 6.6, essentially aromatic polyamides (aramids), such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) or copolymers containing a portion on aromatic m-diamine units to improve solubility or poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide), essentially aromatic polyesters, such as poly (phydroxybenzoate) or preferably essentially aliphatic polyesters such as Polyethylene terephthalate.

The proportion of the two types of fibers to one another can be chosen within wide limits be, taking care that the proportion of hot melt adhesive fibers so is chosen high that the nonwoven fabric by gluing the carrier fibers with the hot melt adhesive fibers are sufficient for the desired application Maintains firmness. The proportion of that comes from the hot melt adhesive fiber Hot melt adhesive in the nonwoven fabric is usually less than 50% by weight, based on the weight of the nonwoven.

Modified polyesters come with a hot melt adhesive compared to the nonwoven raw material by 10 to 50 ° C, preferably 30 to 50 ° C lowered melting point into consideration. Examples of such Hot melt adhesives are polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate or through Condensing longer-chain diols and / or isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids modified polyethylene terephthalate.

The hot melt adhesives are preferably introduced into the nonwovens in fiber form.

Carrier and hot-melt adhesive fibers from one polymer class are preferred built up. This means that all fibers used are made from one Substance class should be selected so that after using the fleece can be easily recycled. Are the carrier fibers, for example made of polyester, the hot melt adhesive fibers are also made of polyester or from a mixture of polyesters, e.g. B. as bicomponent fiber with PET in Core and a lower melting polyethylene terephthalate copolymer selected as a sheath: However, bicomponent fibers are also included possible, which are made up of different polymers. Examples of this are bicomponent fibers made of polyester and polyamide (core / shell).

The single fiber titers of the carrier and hot melt adhesive fibers can be within further limits can be chosen. Examples of common titer ranges are 1 to 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 6 dtex.

If the carrier inserts according to the invention with flame retardant Properties additionally bound, they preferably contain flame retardant hot melt adhesive. Can be used as a flame retardant hot melt adhesive z. B. a by incorporating chain links of the above formula (I) modified polyethylene terephthalate in the laminate according to the invention to be available.

The filaments or staple fibers that make up the nonwovens can be one have practically round cross-section or have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney-shaped, triangular, tri or multilobal cross-sections. It hollow fibers can also be used. Furthermore, the hot melt adhesive fiber can also be used in Use the form of bicomponent or multicomponent fibers.

The fibers forming the textile fabric can be made using conventional additives be modified, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black.

The surface area of the spunbonded fabric is between 20 and 500 g / m ² , preferably 40 and 250 g / m ² .

The above properties are, for example, by threads and / or Obtain yarns whose Young's modulus is at least 5 Gpa, preferably at least 10 Gpa, particularly preferably at least 20 Gpa. The above reinforcing threads mentioned have a diameter between 0.1 and 1 mm, preferably 0.1 and 0.5 mm, in particular 0.1 and 0.3 mm and have an elongation at break of 0.5 to 100%, preferably 1 to 60%. The carrier inserts according to the invention have a Expansion reserve of less than 1%.

The stretch reserve is the stretch that is applied to the carrier insert acts before the force acting on the reinforcing threads is dissipated, i.e. an expansion reserve of 0% would mean that on the carrier insert tensile forces acting on the reinforcement threads are immediately derived would. This means that the forces acting on the spunbonded fabric are not the first bring about an alignment or orientation of the reinforcing threads rather be derived directly on the reinforcing threads, so that a Damage to the textile fabric can be avoided. this shows especially in a steep increase in the force to be applied small strains (force-strain diagram at room temperature). additionally can with the help of suitable reinforcing threads that have a high elongation at break have, the maximum tensile strength expansion of the carrier insert significantly improved become. Suitable reinforcing threads are, for example, high tenacity Monofilaments made of polyester or wires made of metal or metallic Alloys with an elongation at break of at least 10%.

Multifilaments and / or are preferred as reinforcing threads Monofilaments based on aramids, preferably so-called high-modulus aramids, Carbon, glass, high tenacity polyester monofilaments, as well So - called hybrid multifilament yarns (yarns containing reinforcing fibers and deep melting binding fibers) or wires (monofilaments) made of metals or metallic alloys used.

For economic reasons, preferred reinforcements consist of glass multifilaments in the form of parallel thread sheets or scrims. Most of time there is only a reinforcement in the longitudinal direction of the nonwovens by parallel running thread groups.

The reinforcing threads can be used as such or in the form of a textile Fabric, for example as a fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or as Fleece can be used. Reinforcements with one another are preferred reinforcement yarns running in parallel, i.e. warp thread sheets, as well as scrims or tissue.

The thread density can be in depending on the desired property profile wide limits fluctuate. The thread density is preferably between 20 and 200 threads per meter. The thread density becomes perpendicular to Thread running direction measured. The reinforcing threads are preferred fed during spunbond formation and thus into the spunbond embedded. A fleece deposit on the reinforcement or is also preferred a subsequent layer formation from reinforcement and nonwoven Assemble.

After they have been produced, the spunbonded nonwovens are usually subjected to chemical or thermal and / or mechanical consolidation in a known manner. The spunbonded fabrics are preferably mechanically consolidated by needling. For this purpose, the spunbonded fabric, which advantageously already contains the reinforcing threads, is usually needled with a needle density of 20 to 100 stitches / cm ² . The needling is advantageously carried out by needles whose notch protrusion, preferably the sum of notch protrusion and notch depth, is smaller than the diameter of the reinforcing threads. As a result, the reinforcing threads are not damaged. The spunbonded webs, which already contain reinforcing threads, are then subjected to further consolidation steps, for example a thermal treatment.

For this purpose, the spunbonded nonwovens, which can be bonded together, are next to Carrier fibers also contain binding fibers, in a manner known per se with a Calendered or thermally solidified in an oven. If the spunbonded fabrics do not contain any materials capable of thermal bonding Binding fibers, so these spunbonded with a chemical binder impregnated. Acrylic binders are particularly suitable for this. The Binder content is advantageously up to 30 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 25% by weight. The exact choice of the binder is made according to the special Interests of the processor. Hard binders allow high ones Processing speeds with impregnation, in particular Bituminization, while a soft binder particularly high values of Tear and nail tear resistance results.

In a further embodiment, flame-retardant modified can also Binder can be used.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the carrier web according to the invention has an embossed pattern of statistically distributed or repeat-arranged, small-area embossments, preferably a canvas embossing, in which the pressing surface, that is to say the totality of all thin, compacted areas of the spunbonded nonwoven, is 30 to 60%, preferably 40 to 45 makes up% of its total area, and the thickness of the compacted areas of the nonwoven is at least 20%, preferably 25 to 50%, of the thickness of the non-compacted areas of the nonwoven. In the case of the melt-bond-bonded spunbonded nonwovens, this embossing pattern can advantageously be applied during the calendering process. If the carrier insert is finally consolidated by a chemical binder, the embossing pattern can also be embossed using a calender. This embossing pattern, which is applied to both surfaces of the spunbonded fabric, but preferably only to one surface of the spunbonded fabric as it passes through the spunbonded fabric, has a large number of small embossments which have a size of 0.2 to 40 mm ² , preferably 0 , 2 to 10 mm ² , and are separated from one another by interposed, approximately the same size, non-embossed surface elements of the fleece. The area of the compacted areas of the nonwoven and the non-compacted areas of the nonwoven can be determined, for example, by means of microscopic cross-sectional images.

The carrier inlays according to the invention can be combined with other textiles Fabrics are combined so that their properties are variable. Composites of this type, which contain the carrier insert according to the invention, are also the subject of the invention.

The reinforcement can be applied before, during and / or after formation the textile surface.

a) Bildung eines textilen Flächengebildes,

b) Zuführen der Verstärkung,

c) gegebenenfalls Zuführen oder Herstellung eines weiteren textilen Flächengebildes, so daß die Verstärkung sandwich-artig von textilen Flächengebilden umgeben ist,

d) Verfestigung der gemäß Maßnahme c) erhaltenen Trägereinlage,

e) gegebenenfalls Imprägnieren der gemäß d) verfestigten Trägereinlage mit einem Binder, und

f) gegebenenfalls Verfestigung des gemäß d) erhaltenen Zwischenproduktes durch erhöhte Temperatur und/oder Druck, wobei die Reihenfolge der Schritte a) und b) auch umgekehrt sein kann.

The production of the carrier insert according to the invention comprises measures known per se

a) formation of a textile fabric,

b) supplying the reinforcement,

c) optionally supplying or producing a further textile fabric, so that the reinforcement is sandwich-like surrounded by textile fabrics,

d) solidification of the carrier insert obtained according to measure c),

e) optionally impregnating the carrier insert solidified according to d) with a binder, and

f) optionally solidifying the intermediate product obtained according to d) by elevated temperature and / or pressure, the sequence of steps a) and b) also being able to be reversed.

The process is characterized by the addition of the reinforcement and each thermal treatment in the manufacturing process of the carrier insert under tension, especially under longitudinal tension. A thermal treatment under Tension is present when the position of the reinforcement in the carrier insert a thermal step remains unchanged; in particular is the preservation the longitudinal threads of interest by applying a longitudinal tension. The education of the textile fabric can on a taut reinforcement or the reinforcement can take place during the area formation process, e.g. B. in the manufacture of fleece, or it can be a textile fabric be completed and by subsequent assembly with a Reinforcement. The combination of the textile fabric with the reinforcement can take place by measures known per se, for example by needling or gluing including hot melt gluing. The Advantages of the process are particularly evident in the production of needled carrier inserts.

The formation of a fabric as described in a) can be carried out by Spunbond formation takes place by means of spinning apparatus known per se.

For this, the molten polymer is replaced by several in a row switched rows of spinnerets or groups of spinneret rows cleverly. If a spunbond bond strengthened by melt binder is to be produced, then is alternately loaded with polymers that the carrier fiber and Form hot melt adhesive fibers. The spun polymer streams are in stretched in a known manner, and z. B. using a rotating Baffle plate in scattered texture deposited on a conveyor belt.

To meet special requirements such as Fire protection or extreme thermomechanical stress, the invention Carrier inserts with other components to multilayer Composites can be combined. Examples of other components are Glass fleeces, thermoplastic or metallic foils, insulation materials, etc.

The carrier inserts according to the invention can be used to produce Use bituminized roofing and waterproofing membranes. This is also a Subject of the present invention. For this purpose, the carrier material in itself treated in a known manner with bitumen and then optionally with a granular material, such as sand, sprinkled. That way Roofing and waterproofing membranes are characterized by good Processability. The bituminized sheets contain at least one in a bitumen matrix embedded - described above - carrier web, wherein the weight fraction of the bitumen in the basis weight of the bituminized Roofing membrane preferably 40 to 90% by weight and that of the spunbond nonwoven 10 to 60 % By weight. These railways can also be a so-called Act roofing membrane.

Instead of bitumen, another material, e.g. Polyethylene or Polyvinyl chloride for coating the carrier insert according to the invention be used.

example 1

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex are produced and laid down to a tangled fleece of 2 m width.
During the laying down, steel wires are continuously fed at a distance of 2 cm (50 wires / m) in the longitudinal direction. The wires (manufactured by Bekaert) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.18 mm, a strength of 2300 N / mm ² and an elongation at break of 1.5%.
The nonwoven / wire bond is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced fleece of 190 g / m ^{2 basis} weight.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 100 159 0.8 129 208 1.0 170 266 1.2 191 302 1.4 210 332 1.6 230 240 1.8 240 245 2 252 255 4 305 305 6 337 340

Example 2

There are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex manufactured and deposited to a tangled fleece of 1 m width. During the laying down, steel wires are continuously in the longitudinal direction (Material no. 1.4301) at a distance of 6.7 mm (150 wires / m). The Wires (manufacturer Sprint Metal) are delivered on spools and have one Diameter of 0.15 mm, a strength of 14 N and an elongation at break of 34%.

The bonded fleece / wire is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight percentage of which in the finished fleece is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. A reinforced fleece of 165 g / m ^{2 basis} weight is obtained in this way.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 77 117 1.0 120 163 1.6 200 244 2 220 266 4 285 337 6 330 388 10 385 453 15 440 518 20 515 598 25 577 664 30 638 727

In this example it becomes clear that the fleece strength is not only in the range low elongation, but also a high elongation is improved.

Example 3

There are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex manufactured and filed to a tangled fleece of 2 m width. During the Laying wires in the longitudinal direction, consisting of a Alloy of type CuZn37, fed at a distance of 2 cm (50 wires / m). The wires (manufactured by J.G. Dahmen) are delivered on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 47 N and a Elongation at break of 1.4%.

The nonwoven / wire bond is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. A reinforced fleece of 192 g / m ^{2 basis} weight is obtained in this way.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 100 160 0.8 129 203 1.0 170 257 1.2 191 287 1.4 210 310 1.6 230 235 2 252 255 4 305 300

Example 4

There are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex manufactured and filed to a tangled fleece of 2 m width. During the Laying wires in the longitudinal direction, consisting of a CuSn6 alloy, fed at a distance of 1.2 cm (83 wires / m). The wires (manufactured by J.G. Dahmen) are delivered on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 21 N and a Elongation at break of 54%.

The nonwoven / wire bond is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. A reinforced fleece of 165 g / m ^{2 basis} weight is obtained in this way.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 77 120 1.0 120 162 1.6 200 244 2 220 264 4 285 332 6 330 381 10 385 442 20 515 582 25 577 647 30 638 710 In this example it becomes clear that the nonwoven strength is improved not only in the area of low elongation, but also at high elongation.

Example 5

There are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex manufactured and filed to a tangled fleece of 2 m width. During the laying down, wires are continuously consisting of an alloy of the type CUZn37, at a distance of 2 cm (50 Wires / m) supplied. The wires (manufactured by J.G. Dahmen) are opened Coils supplied and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 25 N and an elongation at break of 15%.

The nonwoven / wire bond is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. A reinforced fleece of 160 g / m ^{2 basis} weight is obtained in this way.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 77 114 1.0 120 165 1.6 200 247 2 220 267 4 285 334 6 330 380 10 385 436 15 440 493

Example 6

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex are produced and laid down to a tangled fleece of 1 m in width. During the laying process, glass multifilaments of the type EC 934T6Z28 from Vetrotex are fed in at a distance of 6.25 mm (160 threads per meter). The glass threads are supplied on spools and have a strength of 20 N and an elongation at break of 2.5%.
The composite of fleece and threads is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished fleece is 20%. The binder is cured in a sieve drum oven at 210 ° C. A reinforced fleece of 110 g / m ^{2 basis} weight is obtained in this way. The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.5 2 39 1.0 5.5 78 2 11 151 3 16 30 4 22 25 6 31 30 10 44 42 15 67 70 20 100 106 30 172 167 60 390 380

Claims (25)

1. Support lining, incorporating a textile fabric and a reinforcement, characterised in that the support lining exhibits an elongation reserve of less than 1% and in that in the stress-strain diagram (at 20°C) the reference force of the support lining, with reinforcement, differs by at least 10% from that of the support lining without reinforcement in the elongation range between 0 and 1%, for at least one elongation value, where the reinforcement of the support lining has been provided under tension and any thermal treatment has been carried out under tension during the manufacture of the support lining.
2. Support lining according to claim 1, characterised in that the reinforcement of the support lining has been provided under longitudinal tension.
3. Support lining according to claim 2, characterised in that in the stress-strain diagram (at 20°C) the reference force of the support lining, with reinforcement, differs by at least 30% from that of the support lining without reinforcement in the elongation range between 0 and 1% at at least one point.
4. Support lining according to claim 1, characterised in that the reference force of the support lining at room temperature (20°C), divided by the reference force of the support lining at 180°C, measured at at least one point in the elongation range between 0 and 1%, results in a maximum quotient of 3.
5. Support sheet according to claim 1 or 4, characterised in that the textile fabric is a spinning fleece, preferably of polyester.
6. Support sheet according to claim 5, characterised in that the spinning fleece is mechanically, thermally and/or chemically strengthened.
7. Support sheet according to claim 6, characterised in that the reinforcement is in the form of reinforcing threads and the spinning fleece is mechanically strengthened by needle-punching, the notch projection or the sum of the notch projection and notch depth of the needles preferably being smaller than the diameter of the reinforcing threads.
8. Support sheet according to claim 5, characterised in that the polyester consists of polyethylene terephthalate in a proportion of at least 85 mol-%.
9. Support sheet according to claim 6, characterised in that the spinning fleece is one that has been strengthened with a melting binder.
10. Support sheet according to claim 6, characterised in that the spinning fleece has been strengthened by a chemical binder.
11. Support sheet according to claim 1 or 4, characterised in that the weight per unit area of the textile fabric is between 20 and 500 g/m².
12. Support sheet according to claim 1 or 4, characterised in that the reinforcement is in the form of reinforcing threads whose diameter is 0.1 to 1 mm, and whose Young module is at least 5 Gpa.
13. Support sheet according to claim 12, characterised in that the reinforcing threads have a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
14. Support sheet according to claim 12, characterised in that the reinforcing threads have an elongation at rupture of 0.5 to 100%.
15. Support sheet according to claim 1 or 4, characterised in that the reinforcement is in the form of reinforcing threads of monofilaments or multifilaments.
16. Support sheet according to claim 15, characterised in that the reinforcing threads consist of aramides, carbon, glass, high-strength polyester monofilaments, hybrid multifilaments, metals or metal alloys.
17. Support sheet according to claim 1 or 4, characterised in that the reinforcement is in the form of a fabric, a folded, knitted or woven material, a foil or fleece.
18. Support sheet according to claim 5, characterised in that the polyester spinning fleece exhibits an embossed pattern.
19. Method for manufacturing the support lining defined in claim 1, comprising the following measures of prior art:

    a) formation of a textile fabric,

    b) supply of the reinforcement,

    c) if necessary, supply of an additional textile fabric so that the reinforcement is surrounded by textile fabrics in the manner of a sandwich,

    d) strengthening of the support lining obtained according to measure c),

    e) if necessary, impregnation of the strengthened support lining with a binder and,

    f) if necessary, strengthening of the intermediate product obtained according to d) by increased temperature and/or pressure, the sequence of steps a) and b) also being reversible, characterised in that the supply of the reinforcement and any thermal treatment in the process of manufacturing the support lining takes place under tension, preferably under longitudinal tension.
20. Method according to claim 19, characterised in that the formation of the textile fabric takes place on a reinforcement fed under tension.
21. Method according to claim 19, characterised in that the reinforcement is supplied during the structuring process of the textile fabric.
22. Method according to claim 19, characterised in that at least one completed textile fabric and at least one reinforcement are assembled and joined by needling and/or gluing.
23. Method according to claim 19, characterised in that the reinforcement according to measure d) is carried out by needle-punching, the notch projection or the sum of the notch projection and notch depth of the needles preferably being smaller than the diameter of the reinforcing threads, or by gluing.
24. Use of the support lining defined in claim 1 for manufacturing composite materials, particularly roofing and sealing sheets.
25. Use of the support lining defined in claim 1 for manufacturing bituminised roofing and sealing sheets.