CN1122736C - 支承衬布及其制法和应用 - Google Patents

支承衬布及其制法和应用 Download PDF

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CN1122736C
CN1122736C CN97111113A CN97111113A CN1122736C CN 1122736 C CN1122736 C CN 1122736C CN 97111113 A CN97111113 A CN 97111113A CN 97111113 A CN97111113 A CN 97111113A CN 1122736 C CN1122736 C CN 1122736C
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padding cloth
cloth
spun
fiber web
fabric
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CN1174910A (zh
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W·格罗
H－J·普罗菲
M·肖普斯
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Johns Manville
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    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
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    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
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Abstract

本发明说明了包含一种纺织平面构型物和一种增强体的支承衬布，其特征在于：增强体吸收一种力，以致有增强体的支承衬布的相对强力与无增强体的支承衬布相比，在应力-应变曲线图中(在20℃时)，在0～1%伸长率范围内的至少一个位置上显示至少10%，优选至少20%，特别优选至少30%的差别。本发明的另外对象是这种支承衬布的应用，用来制造任选经过沥青化的屋顶用织物和密封用织物，以及用来制造相应的成品。

Description

支承衬布及其制法和应用
本发明涉及一种支承衬布，该衬布特别适合用作生产屋顶用织物幅面的支承衬布或适合作帆布或平幅织物。
用于生产屋顶用织物幅面的支承衬布必须满足各种各样的要求。因此为了例如在继续加工时，如沥青化或搬动时经得起机械负荷，一方面要求有足够的机械稳定性，如足够的穿孔强度或足够的抗张强度。此外还要求例如对沥青化时的热负荷或对热辐射具有高度稳定性和对喷射火焰(Flugfeuer)具有抵抗能力。因此已有不少改进现有支承衬布的尝试。
已知的是，以合成纤维纤维网为基础的、与增强纤维，例如与玻璃纤维一起组合的纤维网。在GB-A-1,517,595、DE-Gbm-77-39,489、EP-A-160,609、EP-A-176,847、EP-A-403,403和EP-A-530,769这些文献中可找到这样一些密封织物的例子。纤维网和增强纤维之间的结合，按现有技术是通过用粘合剂进行粘接或者通过将不同的织物层进行针刺来实现的。
此外还知道的是，用编织技术或缝编技术来生产复合材料。这样的例子可在DE-A-3,347,280、US-A-4,472,086、EP-A-333,602和EP-A-395,548这些文献中找到。
从DE-A-3,417,517中已知具有各向异性性能的一种纺织的硬衬织物和生产这种织物的一种方法。这种硬衬织物由一种底布和一些与之结合的在180℃以上熔化的增强长丝组成。底布具有在150℃之下熔化的表面，增强长丝彼此平行地被固定在这个表面上。按照一种实施形式，底布可以是非织造织物。在非织造织物的一表面上有热熔粘合纤维或长丝。这些热熔粘合纤维或长丝被计划用来使平行排列的增强纤维与纤维网产生粘合。
从US-A-4,504,539中已知使双组分纤维形式的增强纤维与以合成纤维为基础的纤维网的结合。
从EP-A-0,281,643中已知使由双组分纤维组成的网络状增强纤维与以合成纤维为基础的非织造织物的结合，其中由双组分纤维组成的网络重量百分率至少为15重量％。
从JP-A-81-5879中已知一种配有网络形增强材料的复合材料。
从GB-A-2,017,180中已知一种由无机的纤维网材料和金属丝组成的过滤材料。用这种过滤材料来净化高温(高于300℃)下的排出废气。
DE-Gbm-295 00 830说明了用合成单丝增强玻璃纤维纤维网。在密封织物中这些增强单丝并未根本性提高在低伸长率下的相对强力(Bezugskraft)。但它们具有比玻璃纤维纤维网高得多的最高拉伸强力伸长率。因此在能引起玻璃纤维纤维网破裂的变形时也还可保证密封织物幅面的平面连接。合成单丝的收缩量比玻璃纤维纤维网的收缩量大，这种收缩可在密封织物幅面产生皱纹。
从DE-A-3,941,189中也已知使线链形的增强纤维与以合成纤维为基础的、能按不同方式彼此联结的非织造织物结合。在此申请中强调指出：被增强了的支承衬布的杨氏模量与未被增强的原始纤维网相比没有变化。
对于一系列应用来说，甚至在室温下也希望低伸长率下的高模量。这种高模量改进了可操作性，尤其改进了轻型非织造织物的可操作性。
视要求特征而定，也根据成本观点可在低伸长率下把得到了增强的支承衬布的相对强力以不同的份量分配到纺织的平面构型物上或分配到增强长丝上。
分配相对强力的适宜标准数值是在测量温度为20℃时的相对强力除以180℃下的相对强力得到的商值。
具有如此定义的商值为3.3的支承衬布，正如DE-A-3,941,189中所述，证明在室温下未显示相对强力的改善。
因此存在任务是，研制一种支承衬布，这种支承衬布在全部温度范围内具有明显改善了的低伸长率下的相对强力。
如果这些商值未超出3，伸长率低于1％的相对强力就意外地得到改善，甚至在室温下也明显得到改善。
本发明的对象是包含一种纺织平面构型物和一种增强体的支承衬布，其特征在于：这种增强体吸收力，以使与无增强体的支承衬布相比，有增强体的支承衬布的相对强力在应力-应变曲线图中在0和1％伸长率之间的范围内的至少一个位置上显示出至少10％，优选至少20％，尤其优选至少30％的区别。
此外还增强到如此程度，以致在0和1％伸长率之间的范围内的至少一点上测得的室温(20℃)下的支承衬布的相对强力除以180℃下的支承衬布的相对强力得到商值最高为3，优选最高为2.5，尤其优选为小于2。
“纺织平面构型物”这个概念在本说明书的范围内是指其最广泛的意义。在此情况下它可能是由合成聚合物纤维组成的所有平面构型物。这些平面构型物是按照平幅结构技术制成的。
缺口深度和缺口凸出(Kerbenüberstand)概念定义于Groz-Beckert公司1994年的称作“制毡针和结构针”的说明书中。
按照EN 29073第3部分在5厘米宽的样品上对100毫米测量长度进行相对强力的测定。在此情况下以厘牛顿表示的预应力数值对应于以克/平方米表示的这种样品的单位面积重量(Flchenmasse)数值。
这样一些纺织平面构型物的例子有纺织布料、稀松布(Gelege)、纬编织物、针织物，以及优选纤维网(Vliese)。
由合成聚合物纤维制成的纤维网当中优选的是纺粘型纤维网，即所谓的纺丝成布(Spunbonds)。这些纺粘型纤维网是通过将新熔融纺出的长丝进行无规则的配置制成的。它由可熔融纺丝聚合材料的无端合成纤维构成。合适的聚合物材料例如有：聚酰胺例如聚亚己基二己二酰胺、聚己内酰胺；芳族的或部分芳族的聚酰胺(“芳酰胺”)；脂族聚酰胺例如尼龙；部分芳族的或全芳族的聚酯；聚苯硫(PPS)；带有醚基团或酮基团的聚合物例如聚醚酮(PEK)和聚醚醚酮(PEEK)或聚苯并咪唑。
这些纺粘型纤维网优选由可熔纺的聚酯组成。作为聚酯材料，原则上可考虑适合生产纤维的所有聚酯类型。这样的聚酯主要由芳族二羧酸和脂族二醇衍生的结构单元组成。可行的芳族二羧酸结构单元有苯二羧酸二价基，尤其是对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的二价基；可行的二醇有2至4个碳原子，其中特别合适的是乙二醇。特别有利的是由至少85摩尔％聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯组成的纺粘型纤维网。其余的15摩尔％由二羧酸单元和乙二醇单元组成。这些单元起到所谓的改性剂作用，而且允许专业人员目标明确地影响所制成的长丝的物理和化学性能。这样的一些二羧酸单元的例子有间苯二甲酸残基或脂族二羧酸残基例如戊二羧酸残基、己二羧酸残基、癸二羧酸残基；起改性作用的二醇基如有长链二醇基，例如丙二醇基或丁二醇基、二甘醇基或三甘醇基，或者还有分子量约为500至2000的少量聚乙二醇基。
特别优选的是至少含有95摩尔％聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的聚酯，尤其未改性的PET聚酯。
如果本发明的支承衬布应附带有防燃作用，那么有利的是，它们是由防燃的改性聚酯纺出的。这样的一些防燃改性聚酯是已知的。它们含有含卤化合物添加剂，尤其含溴化合物添加剂，或者特别有优越性的是，它们含磷化合物，这些磷化合物被缩合进入聚酯链中。
这些纺粘型纤维网优选含有防燃的改性聚酯，这些防燃的改性聚酯在链中含有被缩合进入的式(I)所示的结构基团
Figure C9711111300081
在式(I)中：R表示亚烷基或有2至6个碳原子的聚亚甲基或苯基，R1表示有1至6个碳原子的烷基、芳基或芳烷基。在式(I)中R优选表示亚乙基，R1表示甲基、乙基、苯基或邻-、间-或对-甲基苯基，尤其甲基。这样的一些纺粘型纤维网例如在DE-A-39 40 713中得到了说明。
在纺粘型纤维网中包含的聚酯最好具有符合特性粘度(IV)为0.6至1.4的分子量。此特性粘度值是用1克聚合物溶于100毫升二氯醋酸中的溶液于25℃测定的。
纺粘型纤维网中聚酯长丝的单纤维纤度为1～16分特(dtex)，最好为2～8分特。
在本发明的其它实施方案中，纺粘型纤维网也可能是一种热熔粘合剂粘合的非织造织物。这种非织造织物包含支承纤维和熔合纤维。这些支承纤维和熔合纤维可从任何热塑性的成丝聚合物纺出。此外，支承纤维也可从非熔化成丝聚合物纺出。这样的一些热熔粘合剂粘合的纺粘型纤维网在EP-A-0,446,822和EP-A-0,590,629中得到了说明。
从它们可纺出支承纤维的聚合物例子有：聚丙烯腈；聚烯烃如聚乙烯；实质脂族的聚酰胺如尼龙6.6；实质芳族的聚酰胺(芳酰胺)如聚对苯二甲酸对苯酯或为提高溶解度而含有一部分芳族间二胺单元的共聚物或聚间苯二甲酸间苯酯；实质芳族的聚酯如聚对羟基苯甲酸酯或优选实质脂族的聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
可在宽范围内选择这两种纤维类型彼此应得的份量，而且应注意选择熔合纤维的份量，以使这种非织造织物通过用熔合纤维粘合支承纤维获得对所要求的应用来说具有足够的强度。非织造织物中来源于熔合纤维的热熔性粘合剂份量通常少于非织造织物重量的50重量％。
作为热熔性粘合剂尤其可考虑改性聚酯，这种改性聚酯的熔点比非织造织物原料的熔点低10至50℃，最好低30至50℃。这样一种热熔性粘合剂的例子有：聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或通过缩合了长链的二醇和/或被间苯二甲酸或脂族二羧酸改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
最好把热熔性粘合剂以纤维形式加到纤维网中。
支承纤维和熔合纤维最好由一类聚合物组成。这意思是，所有被使用纤维选自一类物质，以便在使用这种纤维网之后能毫无问题地回收利用这些纤维。如果支承纤维例如由聚酯组成，那就挑选同样由聚酯组成的熔合纤维或由混合聚酯组成熔合纤维，例如以PET为芯，以低熔点的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共聚物为皮的双组分纤维。但此外由不同的聚合物组成的双组分纤维也是可能的。这方面的例子有：由聚酯和聚酰胺(芯/皮)组成的双组分纤维。
支承纤维和熔合纤维的单纤维纤度可在宽阔的范围内选择。通常纤度范围的例子为1至16分特，最好为2至6分特。
如果本发明的支承衬布附加有防燃性能，则最好含有防燃的热熔性粘合剂。在本发明的多层粘合布中可能有例如通过引入上述式(I)链节改性的一种聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作为防燃的热熔性粘合剂。
组成非织造织物的长丝或短纤维可具有实际上圆形的截面或者也可显示其它的形式，如哑铃形的、腰子形的、三角形的或三叶形的或多叶形的截面。也可使用空心纤维。此外也可使用双组分纤维或多组分纤维形式的热熔性粘合纤维。
用普通的添加剂，例如用抗静电剂如炭黑可将形成纺织平面构形物的纤维改性。
这种纺粘型纤维网的单位面积重量为20～500克/米2，最好为40～250克/米2。
例如用其杨氏模量至少为5Gpa，优选至少为10Gpa，特别优选至少为20Gpa的长丝和/或复合丝可获得上面提及的性能。前面提到的增强长丝的直径在0.1和1mm之间，优选在0.1和0.5mm之间，特别优选在0.1和0.3mm之间，其断裂伸长为0.5～100％，优选为1～60％。特别优越的是本发明的支承衬布具有少于1％的伸长储备量(Dehnungsreserve)。
在作用力被转移到增强长丝之前，对支承衬布产生影响的伸长被称为伸长储备量，这就是说，0％的伸长储备量表示，作用于支承衬布的拉力被立即转移到增强长丝上。这意味着，作用于纺粘型纤维网的力不是仅仅引起增强长丝的定向或取向，而宁可说是直接被转移到增强长丝上，因此可避免损伤这种纺织平面构型物。这在伸长率小，尤其在使用的力急剧上升时(在室温下的应力-应变曲线图中)得到了证明。借助于具有高断裂伸长率的合适的增强长丝还可显著提高支承衬布的最高拉伸强力伸长率(Hchstzugkraftdehnung)。合适的增强长丝例如有：用聚酯制成的高强度单丝或用金属或用金属合金制成的金属丝，其断裂伸长率至少为10％。
作为增强长丝优选使用的是：以芳酰胺(最好是所谓的高模量芳酰胺)、碳、玻璃为基础的复丝和/或单丝；高强度聚酯单丝，以及所谓的混合复丝(包含增强纤维和低熔点粘合纤维的纱)或者用金属或金属合金制成的金属丝(单丝)。
由于经济上的原因，优选的增强体由平行丝束形式的或稀松布形式的玻璃复丝组成。通常只用平行丝束在非织造织物的经向进行增强。
可将增强长丝作为长丝本身或以纺织平面构型物，例如作为纺织布料、稀松布、纬编织物、针织物或作为纤维网来使用。优选用彼此平行的增强复丝，即经纱束，以及松散布或纺织布料进行增强。
视所要求的性能而定，经密可在宽范围内变化。优选经密为每米20～200根纱。经密是垂直于纱线走向测定的。最好在纺粘型纤维网形成过程中引入增强长丝，因此增强长丝被埋置在纺粘型纤维网中。同样优选的是，把纤维网配置到增强体上或者由增强物和纤维网通过组合事后形成层。
通常在制造纺粘型纤维网之后用已知的方法对它们进行化学或热和/或机械粘合。优选通过针刺将纺粘型纤维网进行机械粘合。为此把最好已包含增强长丝的纺粘型纤维网进行针刺，通常针刺密度为20～100针迹/厘米2。进行针刺最好用这样的针：针的缺口凸出，优选的是缺口凸出和缺口深度的总和小于增强长丝的直径。因此不损伤增强长丝。然后对已包含增强长丝的纺粘型纤维网进行进一步的粘合步骤，例如进行热处理。
为此，按本来已知的方法用轧光机或在一个烘箱中把热熔性粘合剂能粘合的、除支承纤维外还包含粘合纤维的纺粘型纤维网进行热粘合。
如果这些纺粘型纤维网不含能热粘合的粘合纤维，那就用化学粘合剂来浸渍这些纺粘型纤维网。为此，尤其可考虑用丙烯酸酯粘合剂。这种粘合剂份量宜至多为30重量％，优选为2～25重量％。对粘合剂的准确选择按继续加工者的具体情况而定。硬质粘合剂允许浸渍的加工速度高，尤其沥青化的加工速度高，而软粘合剂产生(连续)撕破强力值和钉子带孔撕裂强力值都特别高。
在其它实施方案中也可使用防燃的改性粘合剂。
在本发明的一其它实施方案中，本发明的支承织物幅面显示由统计学分布的或重复花纹般的排列的小面积压痕，最好亚麻布压痕组成的凸纹花纹，在此压痕处受压面积，就是说，纺粘型纤维网的所有被压薄了的位置面积总和为纺粘型纤维网总面积的30～60％，最好为40～45％；这种纤维网的被压过的位置的厚度至少为这种纤维网的未被压缩过的位置的厚度的20％，最好为25～50％。假如是热熔粘合剂粘合的纺粘型纤维网，则最好可在用轧光机粘合时压上这种凸纹花纹。如果该支承衬布是通过化学粘合剂固化的，则同样可通过轧光机压上这种凸纹花纹。在纺粘型纤维网通过一台加热的轧光机时，在这种纺粘型纤维网的两个表面上，但最好只在一个表面上被压上的这种凸纹花纹，这种凸纹花纹显示出许多小凹纹，这些小凹纹的大小为0.2～40mm2，最好为0.2～10mm2，而且这些小凹纹是通过位于它们之间的、约一样大小的未被压痕的纤维网面积单元彼此分开的。对这种纤维网的被压缩过的位置的面积和未被压缩过的位置的面积的测定，例如可借助截面显微摄影来实现。
可将本发明的这些支承衬布和其它纺织平面构形物组合，这样它们的性能是可变的。包含本发明支承衬布的这样一些复合材料同样是本发明的对象。
可在构成纺织布面之前、过程中和/或之后进行引入增强体。
本发明的支承衬布的制造包括本来已知的一些措施：
a)构成纺织平面构型物，
b)引入增强体，
c)任选地引入或制造另外一层纺织平面构型物，以使纺织平面构型物夹心式地包围了增强体，
d)粘合按照措施c)得到的支承衬布，
e)任选地用一种粘合剂浸渍按照d)粘合了的支承衬布
f)任选地通过提高温度和/或压力来粘合按照d)得到的中间产物，其中也可颠倒a)和b)步骤的顺序。
这种方法的特征是：在支承衬布的制造方法中引入增强体以及每次的热处理都于张力下，优选于经向张力下进行。如果增强体在热的步骤中在支承衬布中的位置保持不变，就存在张力下的热处理。在此情况下，尤其通过加上经向张力来保持经向长丝是有利的。纺织平面构型物的形成可在张紧地输入的增强体上进行或者增强体可在纺织平面构型物形成过程中，例如在制造纤维网时输入或者它可制成一种纺织平面构型物，然后通过随后的组合来和增强体结合。纺织平面构型物与增强体的结合可通过本来已知的措施，例如通过针刺或粘贴(包括熔化粘合)来实现。这种方法的优点尤其在制造针刺结合的支承衬布时表现出来。
按a)所述的纺织平面构型物的形成可通过借助于本来已知的纺丝设备通过纺粘来实现。
为此，通过串联的几排纺丝喷嘴或几组纺丝喷嘴排将多种聚合物送入已熔化的聚合物中。如果要生产热熔性粘合剂粘合的纺粘型纤维网，就交替地供入形成支承纤维的聚合物和形成粘合纤维的聚合物。用本来已知的方法将纺出的聚合物细流进行拉伸，并且例如使用分散织物密度的旋转折流板把纺出的聚合物细流铺放在一条输送带上。
为了满足例如防燃或极端的热机械负荷这些特殊的要求，还可将本发明的这些支承衬布和其它组分组合成多层复合材料。其它组分的例子有玻璃纤维纤维网、热塑性薄膜或金属薄膜、绝缘材料等。
本发明的支承衬布可用来制造经过沥青化的屋顶用织物和密封织物。这也是本发明的对象。为此可按本来已知的方法用沥青处理这种支承材料，接着任选地撒上粒状材料，例如撒上沙子。按这种方法制成的屋顶用织物和密封织物的特点是加工性能好。这些经过沥青化的织物至少包含一种埋在沥青基体中的一前面说明了的一支承织物。在经过沥青化的屋顶用织物的单位面积重量中的沥青计重份量最好为40～90重量％，纺粘型纤维网的计重份量为10～60重量％。这些织物也可能是所谓的屋顶用垫毡。
不用沥青，也可用其它材料，例如用聚乙烯或聚氯乙烯将本发明的支承衬布涂层。
实施例1
制成单丝纤度为4分特的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)长丝，并将它们铺放成2米宽度的无定向纤维网。在铺放过程中在经向连续输入许多钢丝，这些钢丝之间的距离为2厘米(50根钢丝/米)。这些钢丝(生产者：Bekaert公司)是绕在筒管上提供的，它们的直径0.18毫米，强力2300牛顿/毫米2，断裂伸长1.5％。用针刺使纤维网和钢丝结合(针型：Foster公司15×18×38×3CB)，针刺密度为40针迹/厘米2，针刺深度为12.5毫米。紧接着用丙烯酸酯粘合剂进行浸渍。丙烯酸酯粘合剂在纤维网成品中的计重份量为20％。这种粘合剂的固化是在一个筛网滚筒烘箱中于210℃下进行的。这样得到单位面积重量为190克/米2的一种增强纤维网。
在环境温度(20℃)下有增强体和无增强体的纤维网的相对强力测定值如下：
伸长率  ％ 无增强体的纤维网     (牛顿/5厘米) 有增强体的纤维网    (牛顿/5厘米)
    0,6      100      159
    0,8      129      208
    1,0      170      266
    1,2      191      302
    1,4      210      332
    1,6      230      240
    1,8      240      245
    2      252      255
    4      305      305
    6      337      340
实施例2
制成单丝纤度为4分特的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)长丝，并将它们铺放成1米宽度的无定向纤维网。在铺放过程中在经向连续输入许多钢丝(材料号：1.4301)，这些钢丝之间的距离为6.7毫米(150根钢丝/米)。这些钢丝(生产者：Sprint金属公司)是绕在筒管上提供的，它们的直径0.15毫米，强力14牛顿，断裂伸长34％。
用针刺使纤维网和钢丝结合(针型：Foster公司，15×18×38×3CB)，针刺密度为40针迹/厘米2，针刺深度为12.5毫米。紧接着用丙烯酸酯粘合剂进行浸渍。丙烯酸酯粘合剂在纤维网成品中的计重份量为20％。这种粘合剂的固化是在一个筛网滚筒烘箱中于210℃下进行的。这样得到单位面积重量为165克/米2的一种增强纤维网。
在环境温度(20℃)下有增强体的和无增强体钢丝的纤维网的相对强力测定值如下：
 伸长率  ％ 无增强体的纤维网    (牛顿/5厘米) 有增强体的纤维网    (牛顿/5厘米)
    0,6     77     117
    1,0     120     163
    1,6     200     244
    2     220     266
    4     285     337
    6     330     388
    10     385     453
    15     440     518
    20     515     598
    25     577     664
    30     638     727
在这个实施例中明显的是，纤维网强力不仅在低伸长率范围内，而且在高伸长率范围内都得到了提高。
实施例3
制成单丝纤度为4分特的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯长丝，并将它们铺放成2米宽度的无定向纤维网。在铺放过程中在经向连续输入由CuZn37型合金制成的金属丝，这些金属丝之间的距离为2厘米(50根金属丝/米)。这些金属丝(生产者：J.G.Dahmen公司)是绕在筒管上提供的，它们的直径为0.25毫米，强力47牛顿，断裂伸长1.4％。
用针刺使纤维网和金属丝结合(针型：Foster公司，15×18×38×3CB)，针刺密度为40针迹/厘米2，针刺深度为12.5毫米。紧接着用丙烯酸酯粘合剂进行浸渍，丙烯酸酯粘合剂在纤维网成品中的计重份量为20％。这种粘合剂的固化是在一个筛网滚筒烘箱中于210℃下进行的。这样得到单位面积重量为192克/米2的一种增强纤维网。
在环境温度(20℃)下有增强金属丝的和无增强金属丝的纤维网的相对强力测定值如下：
伸长率  ％ 无增强体的纤维网    (牛顿/5厘米) 有增强体的纤维网    (牛顿/5厘米)
    0,6     100     160
    0,8     129     203
    1,0     170     257
    1,2     191     287
    1,4     210     310
    1,6     230     235
    2     252     255
    4     305     300
实施例4
制成单丝纤度为4分特的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)长丝，并将它们铺放成2米宽度的无定向纤维网。在铺放过程中在经向连续输入由CuSn6型合金制成的金属丝，这些金属丝之间的距离为1.2厘米(83根金属丝/米)。这些金属丝(生产者：J.G.Dahmen公司)是绕在筒管上提供的，它们的直径为0.25毫米，强力21牛顿，断裂伸长54％。
用针刺使纤维网和金属丝结合(针型：Foster公司15×18×38×3CB)。针刺密度为40针迹/厘米2，针刺深度为12.5毫米。紧接着用丙烯酸酯粘合剂进行浸渍，丙烯酸酯粘合剂在纤维网成品中的计重份量为20％。这种粘合剂的固化是在一个筛网滚筒烘箱中于210℃下进行的。这样得到单位面积重量为165克/米2的一种增强非织造织物。
在环境温度(20℃)下有增强金属丝的和无增强金属丝的纤维网的相对强力测定值如下：
伸长率  ％ 无增强体的纤维网    (牛顿/5厘米) 有增强体的纤维网  (牛顿/5厘米)
    0,6     77     120
    1,0     120     162
    1,6     200     244
    2     220     264
    4     285     332
    6     330     381
    10     385     442
    20     515     582
    25     577     647
    30     638     710
在这个实施例中明显的是：纤维网强力不仅在低伸长率范围内，而且在高伸长率范围内都得到了提高。
实施例5
制成单丝纤度为4分特的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)长丝，并将它们铺放成2米宽度的无定向纤维网。在铺放过程中在经向连续输入由CuZn37型合金制成的金属丝，这些金属丝之间的距离为2厘米(50根金属丝/米)。这些金属丝(生产者：J.G.Dahmen公司)是绕在筒管上提供的，它们的直径为0.25毫米，强力25牛顿，断裂伸长15％。
用针刺使纤维网和金属丝结合(针型：Foster公司15×18×38×3CB)。针刺密度为40针迹/厘米2，针刺深度为12.5毫米。紧接着用丙烯酸酯粘合剂进行浸渍。丙烯酸酯粘合剂在纤维网成品中的计重份量为20％。这种粘合剂的固化是在一个筛网滚筒烘箱中于210℃下进行的。这样得到单位面积重量为160克/米2的一种增强纤维网。
在环境温度(20℃)下有增强金属丝的和无增强金属丝的纤维网的相对强力测定值如下：
伸长率  ％ 无增强体的纤维网  (牛顿/5厘米) 有增强体的纤维网    (牛顿/5厘米)
    0,6     77     114
    1,0     120     165
    1,6     200     247
    2     220     267
    4     285     334
    6     330     380
    10     385     436
    15     440     493
实施例6
制成单丝纤度为4分特的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)长丝，并将它们铺放成1米宽度的无定向纤维网。在铺放过程中在经向连续输入Vetrotex公司的EC 934T6Z28型玻璃复丝，这些玻璃复丝之间的距离为6.25毫米(160根丝/米)。这些玻璃丝是绕在筒管上提供的，它们的强力为20牛顿，断裂伸长2.5％。
用针刺使纤维网和玻璃丝结合(针型：Foster公司15×18×38×3CB)，针刺密度为40针迹/厘米2，针刺深度为12.5毫米。紧接着用丙烯酸酯粘合剂进行浸渍。丙烯酸酯粘合剂在纤维网成品中计重份量为20％。这种粘合剂的固化是在一个筛网滚筒烘箱中于210℃下进行的。这样得到单位面积重量为110克/米2的一种增强纤维网。在环境温度下有增强玻璃丝的和无增强玻璃丝的纤维网的相对强力测定值如下：
伸长率  ％ 无增强体的纤维网    (牛顿/5厘米) 有增强体的纤维网    (牛顿/5厘米)
    0,5     2     39
    1,0     5,5     78
    2     11     151
    3     16     30
    4     22     25
    6     31     30
    10     44     42
    15     67     70
    20     100     106
    30     172     167
    60     390     380

Claims (31)

1.包含一种纺织平面构型物和一种增强体的支承衬布，其特征在于：所述支承衬布具有低于1％的伸长储备，以致有增强体的支承衬布的相对强力与无增强体的支承衬布相比，在20℃时的应力-应变曲线图中，在0～1％伸长率范围内，在应力-应变曲线图的至少一个位置上显示至少10％的区别。
2.按权利要求1所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：有增强体的支承衬布的相对强力与无增强体的支承衬布相比，在20℃时的应力-应变曲线图中，在0～1％伸长率范围内的至少一个位置上显示至少20％的区别。
3.按权利要求2所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：有增强体的支承衬布的相对强力与无增强体的支承衬布相比，在20℃时的应力-应变曲线图中，在0～1％伸长率范围内的至少一个位置上显示至少30％的区别。
4.按权利要求1所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：在0和1％伸长率之间的范围内的至少一点上测得的在20℃下的支承衬布的相对强力除以在180℃下的支承衬布的相对强力得到的商值最高为3。
5.按权利要求1所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：这种纺织平面构型物是一种纺粘型纤维网。
6.按权利要求5所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：所述纺粘型纤维网由聚酯制成。
7.按权利要求5或6所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：这种纺粘型纤维网是机械粘合的、热粘合的和/或化学粘合的。
8.按权利要求7所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：增强体以增强长丝的形式存在，纺粘型纤维网是通过针刺机械粘合的。
9.按权利要求8所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：纺粘型纤维网是通过针刺机械粘合的，其中针的缺口凸出或针的缺口凸出和缺口深度的总和小于增强长丝的直径。
10.按权利要求5所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：这种聚酯至少85摩尔％由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯组成。
11.按权利要求7所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：这种纺粘型纤维网是一种热熔性粘合剂粘合的纺粘型纤维网。
12.按权利要求7所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：这种纺粘型纤维网是用化学粘合剂粘合的。
13.按权利要求1所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：纺织平面构型物的单位面积重量为20～500克/米2。
14.按权利要求1所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：增强体以增强长丝的形式存在，增强长丝的直径为0.1～1毫米，杨氏模量至少为5Gpa。
15.按权利要求14所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：增强长丝的直径为0.1～0.5毫米。
16.按权利要求14所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：增强长丝的断裂伸长为0.5～100％。
17.按权利要求1所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：增强体以增强长丝的形式存在，而增强长丝是单丝或复丝。
18.按权利要求17所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：这些增强长丝由芳酰胺、碳、玻璃、高强度聚酯单丝、混合复丝、金属或金属合金组成。
19.按权利要求1所述的支承衬布，其特征在于：这种增强体以纺织布料、稀松布、纬编织物、针织物、薄膜的形式存在或作为纤维网存在。
20.按权利要求5所述支承衬布，其特征在于：这种用聚酯纺成的纺粘型纤维网显示凸纹花纹。
21.权利要求1定义的支承衬布的生产方法，包括本来已知的措施：
a)构成纺织平面构型物，
b)向所述纺织平面构型物引入增强体，
c)任选地引入另外一层纺织平面构型物，以使纺织平面构型物夹心式地包围了这种增强体，
d)粘合按照如上措施得到的支承衬布，
e)任选地用一种粘合剂浸渍被粘合了的支承衬布，
f)通过提高温度和/或压力来粘合按照d)得到的中间产品，其中也可颠倒a)和b)步骤的顺序，其特征在于：在支承衬布的制造方法中，向所述纺织平面构型物引入增强体以及每次热处理都于经向张力下进行。
22.按权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于：纺织平面构型物的形成是在张紧地输入的增强体上进行的。
23.按权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于：在平幅织物的平面形成工序中进行增强体的引入。
24.按权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于：把至少一种制成了的平面构型物和至少一种增强体组合在一起，并通过针刺和/或粘贴使它们结合。
25.按权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于：按照措施d)的粘合通过针刺进行，或者通过粘贴进行。
26.按权利要求25所述的方法，其特征在于：按照措施d)的粘合通过针刺进行，其中针的缺口凸出或缺口凸出和缺口深度的总和小于增强长丝的直径。
27.在权利要求1中定义的支承衬布的应用，用来制造复合材料。
28.按权利要求27所述的应用，其中所述复合材料是屋顶用织物和密封用织物。
29.按权利要求28所述的应用，其中所述屋顶用织物和密封用织物是沥青化的屋顶用织物和密封用织物。
30.包含一种在权利要求1中定义的支承衬布的复合材料。
31.按权利要求30的复合材料，其中该复合材料是屋顶用织物和密封用织物。
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CA2204967A1 (en) 1997-11-10
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CN1174910A (zh) 1998-03-04
EP0806509B1 (de) 2003-07-02
EP0806509B2 (de) 2011-08-31
DE19618775A1 (de) 1997-11-13
CA2204967C (en) 2006-08-01
KR970075017A (ko) 1997-12-10
US6114262A (en) 2000-09-05
KR100490187B1 (ko) 2005-09-28
JPH10131019A (ja) 1998-05-19

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