EP0986653B1 - Gesintertes mechanisches teil mit abriebfester oberfläche und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents

Gesintertes mechanisches teil mit abriebfester oberfläche und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0986653B1
EP0986653B1 EP98922560A EP98922560A EP0986653B1 EP 0986653 B1 EP0986653 B1 EP 0986653B1 EP 98922560 A EP98922560 A EP 98922560A EP 98922560 A EP98922560 A EP 98922560A EP 0986653 B1 EP0986653 B1 EP 0986653B1
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Prior art keywords
metallic
coating
laser beam
laser
carbides
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP98922560A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0986653A1 (de
Inventor
Paul Caron
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Invegyre Inc
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Caron, paul
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/10—Carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/252—Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antiabrasion laser surface treatment of a mechanical part. More particularly, the present invention relates to surface treatment of a sintered mechanical part obtained by metallurgy of powders by laser deposition of a cermet coating, the cermet being a material composite formed of ceramic products coated in a metallic binder. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a part. mechanical.
  • An example of this type of coating is described by way of example in Canadian patent application No. 2,126,517.
  • Laser deposition is a coating technique that deposits thick layers of very hard material on the surface of a metal part.
  • a continuous CO 2 laser delivers an infrared beam whose energy is used to surface melt the base metal to be coated as well as the filler metal supplied in the form of a fine powder.
  • a coaxial nozzle traversed in its center by a laser beam allows the arrival and injection of the powders forming the coating, the latter resembling a weld bead.
  • this type of laser deposition has only been used to coat traditional unsintered metal parts, used more particularly in very abrasive conditions.
  • An objective of the present invention is to propose a part sintered mechanics obtained by powder metallurgy and having a very high impact, abrasion and friction resistance, as well as very good mechanical resistance of the part body.
  • metallic means that the coating is fused to the surface of the part sintered, the microstructure at the base of the coating being intimately united to the microstructure of the body of the part.
  • the mechanical part can include any part traditionally used in very abrasive or high tension conditions, for example, the bark pellets mounted on the debarker arms.
  • the powder mixture can be injected into the laser beam using a coaxial nozzle traversed in its center by the laser beam, the nozzle allowing the arrival of the powder mixture and its injection into the laser beam.
  • the laser beam is preferably fixed and the mechanical part is installed on a movable table which can be moved relative to said laser beam.
  • This coating according to the present invention being deposited by laser makes it possible to melt the sintered part to be coated on the surface under the effect of the laser beam.
  • the surface of the sintered part to be covered is therefore fused over a thickness which can range from 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm, which allows the closing of the pores on the surface, typical of sintered parts and, consequently, the increase in its resistance to shock.
  • the small area covered at a given time by the laser allows the self-soaking of the exposed area, following the movement of the beam, by heat sink effect of the surrounding metal volume.
  • the coating obtained according to the present invention also has a very low porosity due to the complete melting of the metal powders by the laser.
  • the debarker tablet (4) with an abrasion-resistant surface, or any other mechanical part according to the present invention comprises a sintered metal body (10) obtained by powder metallurgy and a coating (12) in cermet covering the metallic body (10).
  • the external surface (14) of the coating constitutes the abrasion-resistant surface of the part.
  • the coating (12) has a certain thickness, a portion of which is metallurgically linked to the metallic body (10), as can be seen in FIG. 5. This portion preferably has from 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
  • the coating (12) in cermet is preferably based on carbides of tungsten (16), of titanium carbides or boron carbides, of spheroidal shape in a metal matrix (18).
  • the metal matrix (18) is preferably based on at least one of the metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium and cobalt, more particularly it includes nickel, chromium and cobalt.
  • the Ni-9% Cr-Co is used.
  • the coating (12) preferably comprises 65% by weight of carbides of tungsten (16) and is substantially free of porosities.
  • the coating (12) for sintered part according to the present invention is obtained by laser deposition.
  • a coaxial huse (20) which is mounted at the output of a CO 2 laser beam (22) of 6 kW, injects into the laser beam (22) a constant flow of powders ( 24) of the material to be deposited.
  • the laser beam (22) fuses the powders (24) and welds them to the base metal (4) in the form of a cord constituting the coating (12).
  • the laser coating (12) is composed of tungsten carbide particles (16) of very high hardness in a chromium-nickel matrix (18) and it has excellent resistance to abrasion and erosion wear, as well as very good resistance to corrosion.
  • Figure 4 shows the microstructure of a coating (26) comprising carbides (28) obtained by plasma spraying while Figure 5 shows the microstructure of a laser coating (12) on a sintered part (4).
  • the particles of tungsten carbide (16) found in the coating (12) by laser deposition are spheroidal, while the carbides (28) obtained by the coating (26) plasma projection tend rather to be angular in shape.
  • a table (30) with numerical control with four axes on which rest the parts (4) to be coated allows for precise deposits and uniform by relative displacements of the parts (4) relative to the laser beam (22). Coatings with a thickness of less than 1 mm or more than 10 ⁇ m, for successive passages of the laser (22) can be carried out.
  • Materials used in the manufacture of coatings by laser deposition are generally mixtures of powders of tungsten carbide, carbide high purity and very high hardness titanium or boron carbide alloys, depending on the application, metallic powders based on nickel, chromium or cobalt.
  • the metal powders are fused by the laser (22) while the tungsten carbide powders remain solid, thus preserving their very high hardness.
  • These cermet-type materials give coatings (12) excellent resistance to abrasion and erosion wear, as well very good resistance to corrosion.
  • the coatings (12) produced by this technique have exceptional properties. All first, the deposits produced by laser are metallurgically linked to the base metal (10) and are perfectly dense (absence of porosity). The adhesion obtained between the part (10) and the coating (12) is therefore excellent. In contrast, coatings produced by hot spraying have a high porosity and a special preparation of the treated surfaces to ensure good adhesion.
  • the porosity on the surface prevents the production of mechanical parts in front resist impact and / or abrasive wear due to the shortness of the period initiation of cracks compared to a forged or machined part. It's here reason why the mechanical parts obtained by powder metallurgy are traditionally not used in very abrasive or high voltage. It is here that the mechanical parts according to the present invention, more particularly WC coating by laser deposition, are a concept revolutionary for this industry sector.
  • a Ni-9% Cr matrix as described above, has a excellent toughness, superior to steel.
  • the applications of the present invention can be found in a multitude of areas. More particularly, the debarker pellets mounted on the debarking arms can advantageously be manufactured according to the present invention as well as each of the parts mentioned above.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Mechanisches Teil (4) mit abriebfester Oberfläche, umfassend:
    einen durch Pulvermetallurgie erhaltenen gesinterten metallischen Körper (10); und
    einen Überzug (12) aus einem Keramik/Metall-Werkstoff, der den metallischen Körper bedeckt und eine äußere Oberfläche (14) hat, die die abriebfeste Oberfläche bildet, wobei das mechanische Teil dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass:
    der Überzug (12) durch Laserablagerung erzielt wurde, indem in einen Laserstrahl koaxial ein Strom aus einer Mischung von metallischen Pulvern und keramischen Pulvern mit Karbiden rundlicher Form eingeleitet wird, wobei die Mischung dazu bestimmt ist, den Überzug zu bilden, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass er keine Porosität aufweist, dass er mit dem metallischen Körper (10) metallurgisch verbunden ist, und dass er eine Dicke von 10 µm bis 1 mm hat und in einer metallischen Matrix Karbide (16) von rundlicher Form umfasst.
  2. Mechanisches Teil (4) mit abriebfester Oberfläche gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überzug (12) aus Keramik/Metall-Werkstoff auf Karbiden (16) aus der aus wolframkarbiden, Titankarbiden und Borkarbiden gebildeten Gruppe in einer metallischen Matrix beruht.
  3. Mechanisches Teil (4) mit abriebfester Oberfläche gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Karbide Wolframkarbide (16) sind.
  4. Mechanisches Teil (4) mit abriebfester Oberfläche gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die metallische Matrix (18) als Grundstoff mindestens eines der Metalle aufweist, welches aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wurde, die aus Nickel, Chrom und Kobalt besteht.
  5. Mechanisches Teil (4) mit abriebfester Oberfläche gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die metallische Matrix (18) Nickel, Chrom und Kobalt umfasst.
  6. Mechanisches Teil (4) mit abriebfester Oberfläche gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die metallische Matrix (18) eine Matrix Ni-9%Cr-Co ist.
  7. Mechanisches Teil (4) mit abriebfester Oberfläche gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überzug (12) 65 Gew.-% an wolframkarbid (16) umfasst.
  8. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines gesinterten mechanischen Teils (4) mit abriebfester Oberfläche, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    a) Bereitstellen eines gesinterten metallischen Teils (4), das durch Pulvermetallurgie erhalten wurde;
    b) Ablagern eines Überzugs (12) aus Keramik/Metall-Werkstoff auf einer äußeren Oberfläche des Teils (4) mittels eines Laserverfahrens, wobei das Laserverfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    Lenken eines Laserstrahls (22) auf eine äußere Oberfläche des Teils (4), wobei der Laserstrahl (22) eine bestimmte Temperatur bewirkt;
    Einleiten eines konstanten Stroms (24) einer Mischung aus keramischen Pulvern mit Karbiden rundlicher Form und aus metallischen Pulvern, welche dazu bestimmt sind, den Überzug (12) aus Keramik/Metall-Werkstoff zu bilden, in den Laserstrahl (22), wobei die keramischen Pulver eine Schmelztemperatur haben, die höher als die Laserschmelztemperatur ist, und wobei die metallischen Pulver eine Schmelztemperatur haben, die geringer als die Laserschmelztemperatur ist, derart, dass der Laser die metallischen Pulver aus der Pulvermischung, die sich auf der äußeren Oberfläche des Teils (4) ablagert, schmilzt, wobei die Pulvermischung in den Laserstrahl (22) mittels einer koaxialen Düse (20) geleitet wird, welche in ihrer Mitte von dem Laserstrahl (22) durchquert wird, wobei die Düse (20) die Zufuhr der Pulvermischung und ihre Einleitung in den Laserstrahl (22) erlaubt, und
    Verschieben des Laserstrahls (22) relativ zu dem metallischen Teil (4), um somit die äußere Oberfläche des metallischen Körpers (10) abzutasten und den Überzug (12) aus Keramik/Metall-Werkstoff zu bilden.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass: der Laserstrahl (22) unbeweglich ist und das metallische Teil (4) auf einem beweglichen Tisch (30) angebracht ist, der relativ zu dem Laserstrahl (22) verschoben werden kann.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überzug (12) Wolframkarbide (16) in einer metallischen Matrix (18) umfasst.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das keramische Pulver ein Pulver aus Wolframkarbiden ist, und dass das metallische Pulver ein Pulver ist, das mindestens eines der Elemente aus der von Nickel, Chrom und Kobalt gebildeten Gruppe umfasst.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das metallische Pulver ein Pulver aus Ni-9%Cr-Co ist.
  13. Entmantelungstablette (4) mit einem metallischen Körper (10), der eine untere Fläche aufweist, die dazu geeignet ist, an einem Ende eines Entmantelungsarms (2) befestigt zu werden, und mit einer abriebfesten Arbeitsoberfläche, wobei die Tablette dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass:
    der metallische Körper (10) ein gesinterter metallischer Körper ist, der durch Pulvermetallurgie erhalten wurde; und
    die abriebfeste Arbeitsoberfläche aus einem Überzug (12) aus Keramik/Metall-Werkstoff besteht, der den metallischen Körper (10) bedeckt, wobei der Überzug (12) eine Dicke von 10µm bis 1 mm aufweist und mit dem metallischen Körper metallurgisch verbunden ist.
  14. Entmantelungstablette (4) gemäß Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überzug (12) aus Keramik/Metallwerkstoff ein Überzug ist, der durch Laserablagerung auf dem metallischen Körper (10) erhalten wurde.
EP98922560A 1997-05-28 1998-05-27 Gesintertes mechanisches teil mit abriebfester oberfläche und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0986653B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002207579A CA2207579A1 (fr) 1997-05-28 1997-05-28 Piece frittee a surface anti-abrasive et procede pour sa realisation
CA2207579 1997-05-28
PCT/CA1998/000516 WO1998054379A1 (fr) 1997-05-28 1998-05-27 Piece mecanique frittee a surface antiabrasion et procede pour sa realisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0986653A1 EP0986653A1 (de) 2000-03-22
EP0986653B1 true EP0986653B1 (de) 2001-12-05

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Country Link
US (1) US6623876B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0986653B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4083817B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100540461B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1190517C (de)
AT (1) ATE210209T1 (de)
AU (1) AU733070B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9809467A (de)
CA (1) CA2207579A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69802800T2 (de)
EA (1) EA001332B1 (de)
NO (1) NO321415B1 (de)
PL (1) PL186654B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1998054379A1 (de)

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CN103088339A (zh) * 2013-02-25 2013-05-08 苏州天弘激光股份有限公司 一种提高镁合金az91d表面性能的激光熔覆方法
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US20170145554A1 (en) 2014-06-26 2017-05-25 Shell Oil Company Coating method and coated substrate
CN104630768A (zh) * 2015-01-16 2015-05-20 芜湖三联锻造有限公司 一种热锻模表面复合强化方法
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CN1190517C (zh) 2005-02-23
DE69802800D1 (de) 2002-01-17
KR100540461B1 (ko) 2006-01-12
PL336929A1 (en) 2000-07-17
CN1258323A (zh) 2000-06-28
NO995828L (no) 1999-12-10
AU7517598A (en) 1998-12-30
DE69802800T2 (de) 2002-08-08
EA199901088A1 (ru) 2000-06-26
NO321415B1 (no) 2006-05-08
US6623876B1 (en) 2003-09-23
CA2207579A1 (fr) 1998-11-28
WO1998054379A1 (fr) 1998-12-03
EP0986653A1 (de) 2000-03-22
EA001332B1 (ru) 2001-02-26
KR20010012957A (ko) 2001-02-26
JP4083817B2 (ja) 2008-04-30
NO995828D0 (no) 1999-11-26
AU733070B2 (en) 2001-05-03
PL186654B1 (pl) 2004-02-27
ATE210209T1 (de) 2001-12-15
JP2002510361A (ja) 2002-04-02
BR9809467A (pt) 2000-06-20

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