EP0986653A1 - Gesintertes mechanisches teil mit abriebfester oberfläche und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung - Google Patents

Gesintertes mechanisches teil mit abriebfester oberfläche und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung

Info

Publication number
EP0986653A1
EP0986653A1 EP98922560A EP98922560A EP0986653A1 EP 0986653 A1 EP0986653 A1 EP 0986653A1 EP 98922560 A EP98922560 A EP 98922560A EP 98922560 A EP98922560 A EP 98922560A EP 0986653 A1 EP0986653 A1 EP 0986653A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
abrasion
mechanical part
laser
laser beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98922560A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0986653B1 (de
Inventor
Paul Caron
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Invegyre Inc
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0986653A1 publication Critical patent/EP0986653A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0986653B1 publication Critical patent/EP0986653B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/10—Carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/252—Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the anti-abrasion surface treatment by laser of a mechanical part. More particularly, the present invention relates to the surface treatment of a sintered mechanical part obtained by powder metallurgy by laser deposition of a cermet coating, the cermet being a composite material formed from ceramic products coated in a metal binder. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a mechanical part.
  • An example of this type of coating is described by way of example in Canadian patent application No. 2,126,517.
  • Laser deposition is a coating technique that deposits thick layers of very hard material on the surface of a metal part.
  • a continuous CO 2 laser delivers an infrared beam whose energy is used to surface melt the base metal to be coated as well as the filler metal supplied in the form of a fine powder.
  • a coaxial nozzle traversed in its center by a laser beam allows the arrival and injection of the powders forming the coating, the latter resembling a weld bead.
  • this type of laser deposit has only been used to coat traditional non-f ⁇ ttées metal parts, used more particularly in very abrasive conditions.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a sintered mechanical part obtained by powder metallurgy and having a very high resistance to impact, abrasion and friction, as well as very good mechanical resistance of the body of the part.
  • the present invention relates to a mechanical part with an abrasion-resistant surface, characterized in that it comprises: a sintered metal body obtained by powder metallurgy; and a cermet coating covering the metallic body and having an external surface constituting the abrasion-resistant surface, said coating having a certain thickness, a portion of which is metallurgically linked to the metallic body.
  • metal body means that the coating is fused to the surface of the sintered part, the microstructure at the base of the coating being intimately united to the microstructure of the body of the part.
  • the mechanical part can comprise any part traditionally used under very abrasive or high tension conditions, for example, the debarker pellets mounted on the debarker arms.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the mechanical part described above. More particularly, the method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) providing a sintered mechanical part obtained by powder metallurgy; and b) depositing by a laser process a cermet coating on an external surface of said mechanical part.
  • the laser deposition process preferably includes the following steps:
  • the powder mixture can be injected into the laser beam by means of a coaxial nozzle traversed in its center by the laser beam, the nozzle allowing the arrival of the powder mixture and its injection into the laser beam.
  • the laser beam is preferably fixed and the mechanical part is installed on a movable table which can be moved relative to said laser beam.
  • This coating according to the present invention being deposited by laser makes it possible to melt the sintered part to be coated on the surface under the effect of the laser beam.
  • the surface of the sintered part to be covered is therefore fused over a thickness which can range from 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm, which allows the closure of the pores on the surface, typical of sintered parts and, consequently, the increase in its impact resistance.
  • the small area covered at a given time by the laser allows the self-soaking of the exposed area, following the movement of the beam, by heat sink effect of the surrounding metal volume.
  • the coating obtained according to the present invention also has a very low porosity due to the complete melting of the powders of the part sintered by the laser.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a debarking arm on which is mounted a sintered debarking disc having an abrasion-resistant coating according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows schematically in cross section a portion of the working surface of the debarking disc of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 shows schematically and partly a laser recharging device for the implementation of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a scanning electron microscope photograph
  • FIG. 5 is a photograph with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showing the microstructure of the joint formed between a coating according to the present invention obtained by laser deposition on a base metal obtained by powder metallurgy.
  • FIG. 1 shows a debarking arm (2) for a debarker with a rotating ring, on which arm is mounted a debarking disc (4) produced according to the present invention.
  • This arm (2) comprises a first end (6) adapted to be fixed to the rotating ring of the debarker.
  • the arm (2) comprises a second end (8) constituting the working surface of the arm (2) which is used to remove the bark from a tree as the latter moves longitudinally inside the ring .
  • the patch (4) is operatively attached to this second end.
  • This second end (8) is the part of the arm which is used to bark the trees and must be able to withstand very abrasive conditions.
  • a debarking tablet according to the present invention can therefore advantageously be used, the latter having a very hard cermet coating which can withstand such working conditions.
  • the debarker tablet (4) with an abrasion-resistant surface, or any other mechanical part according to the present invention comprises a sintered metal body (10) obtained by powder metallurgy and a coating (12) in cermet covering the metallic body (10).
  • the external surface (14) of the coating constitutes the abrasion-resistant surface of the part.
  • the coating (12) has a certain thickness, a portion of which is metallurgically linked to the metallic body (10), as can be seen in FIG. 5. This portion preferably has from 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
  • the cermet coating (12) is preferably based on tungsten carbides (16), titanium carbides or boron carbides, of spheroidal shape in a metal matrix (18).
  • the metal matrix (18) is preferably based on at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of nickel, chromium and cobalt, more particularly it comprises nickel, chromium and cobalt.
  • Ni-9% Cr-Co is used.
  • the coating (12) preferably comprises 65% by weight of tungsten carbides (16) and is substantially free of porosities.
  • the coating (12) for sintered part according to the present invention is obtained by laser deposition.
  • a coaxial nozzle (20) which is mounted at the outlet of a CO 2 laser beam (22) of 6 kW, injects into the laser beam (22) a constant flow of powders ( 24) of the material to be deposited.
  • the laser beam (22) fuses the powders (24) and welds them to the base metal (4) in the form of a cord constituting the coating (12).
  • the laser coating (12) is composed of tungsten carbide particles (16) of very high hardness in a chromium-nickel matrix (18) and it has excellent resistance to wear by abrasion and erosion, as well as very good resistance to corrosion.
  • Figure 5 shows the microstructure of a coating (26) comprising carbides (28) obtained by plasma spraying while Figure 5 shows the microstructure of a laser coating (12) on a sintered part (4).
  • the particles of tungsten carbide (16) found in the coating (12) by laser deposition are spheroidal, while the carbides (28) obtained by the coating (26) plasma projection tend rather to be angular in shape.
  • the laser (22) being fixed, a table (30) with numerical control with four axes on which the parts (4) to be coated rest allows precise and uniform deposits to be produced by relative displacements of the parts (4) relative to the laser beam (22). Coatings with a thickness of less than 1 mm or more than 10 mm, by successive passages of the laser (22), can be produced.
  • the materials used in the manufacture of coatings by laser deposition are generally mixtures of tungsten carbide powders, titanium carbide or boron carbide of high purity and very high hardness, alloyed, depending on the applications, with metallic powders with nickel, chrome or cobalt bases.
  • the metal powders are fused by the laser (22) while the tungsten carbide powders remain solid, thus preserving their very high hardness.
  • These cermet-type materials give coatings (12) excellent resistance to abrasion and erosion wear, as well as very good corrosion resistance.
  • the coatings (12) produced by this technique have exceptional properties.
  • the deposits made by laser are metallurgically linked to the base metal
  • the coatings produced by hot spraying have a high porosity and a special preparation of the treated surfaces to ensure good adhesion.
  • Very precise control of the supply of energy to the base metal makes it possible to obtain dilutions of the base metal in the deposit of less than 1% and to minimize or even eliminate any deformation.
  • laser deposition makes it possible to produce fine metallurgical microstructures thanks to the rapidity of cooling during the treatment, thus making it possible to increase the hardness of the metal matrix (16) (2400 to 3600 HV).
  • CNC programs and controllers leads to deposits that are perfectly reproducible over time and whose final thickness is perfectly controlled. Large series of parts can thus be processed.
  • a mechanical part manufactured by powder metallurgy but not comprising a coating according to the present invention has the following physical and economic characteristics: - presence of a large number of pores on the surface; low impact resistance; generally less mechanical capacity than a forged part; lower density; noise absorption; - possibility of using liquid immiscible alloys; possibility of using self-hardening alloys; low production cost for a series of parts. These characteristics define the market penetration power of the production technique of parts by powder metallurgy but it also shows its limits.
  • the porosity on the surface prevents the production of mechanical parts which must resist impact and / or abrasive wear due to the shortness of the crack initiation period compared to a forged or machined part. This is the reason why the mechanical parts obtained by powder metallurgy are traditionally not used in very abrasive or high tension conditions. It is here that the mechanical parts according to the present invention, more particularly the coating of toilets by laser deposition, come under a revolutionary concept for this sector of industry.
  • the deposition by laser of a coating formed at 65% of spherical WC particles taken within a Ni-9% Cr-Co matrix allows the following improvements in the surface of the parts made by sintering metallic powders: the surface of the part is fused to a thickness ranging from 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm. This allows the closing of the pores on the surface of the part and, consequently, the increase in impact resistance; the small surface covered at a given time by the laser beam allows the self-soaking of the exposed area, following the displacement of the beam, by heat sink effect of the surrounding metallic volume; very low porosity of the coating, less than 1%, due to the complete melting of Ni-9% Cr powders by the laser.
  • the coating obtained according to the present invention comprising spherical carbides, has the following advantages: very high impact resistance due to the lower propensity for crack initiation compared to a carbide with angular geometry; limitation of wear by friction because of the lower coefficient of friction of spherical carbides compared to carbides with angular geometry; and pure and simple limitation of the wear of the surface of the parts because of the hardness of the carbides.
  • Ni-9% Cr matrix as described above, has an excellent toughness, superior to steel.
  • a sintered part comprising a coating according to the present invention has the following advantages: excellent adhesion of the coating because of the metallurgical bond between the coating and the base metal; - unlike plasma spray deposition techniques, absence of porosity and cracks resulting in good impact resistance; thickness from 0.5 mm up to several millimeters (part reloading possible); and the carbide particles remain solid during the deposition process, thereby retaining their high hardness.
  • the debarker pellets mounted on the debarker arms can advantageously be manufactured according to the present invention as well as each of the parts mentioned above.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
EP98922560A 1997-05-28 1998-05-27 Gesintertes mechanisches teil mit abriebfester oberfläche und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0986653B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002207579A CA2207579A1 (fr) 1997-05-28 1997-05-28 Piece frittee a surface anti-abrasive et procede pour sa realisation
CA2207579 1997-05-28
PCT/CA1998/000516 WO1998054379A1 (fr) 1997-05-28 1998-05-27 Piece mecanique frittee a surface antiabrasion et procede pour sa realisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0986653A1 true EP0986653A1 (de) 2000-03-22
EP0986653B1 EP0986653B1 (de) 2001-12-05

Family

ID=4160871

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98922560A Expired - Lifetime EP0986653B1 (de) 1997-05-28 1998-05-27 Gesintertes mechanisches teil mit abriebfester oberfläche und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6623876B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0986653B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4083817B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100540461B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1190517C (de)
AT (1) ATE210209T1 (de)
AU (1) AU733070B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9809467A (de)
CA (1) CA2207579A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69802800T2 (de)
EA (1) EA001332B1 (de)
NO (1) NO321415B1 (de)
PL (1) PL186654B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1998054379A1 (de)

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CN104630768A (zh) * 2015-01-16 2015-05-20 芜湖三联锻造有限公司 一种热锻模表面复合强化方法
US10648051B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2020-05-12 Kondex Corporation Reciprocating cutting blade with cladding
CN111893416B (zh) * 2020-08-07 2022-08-05 和县卜集振兴标准件厂 一种冷冲压模具表面激光喷涂处理方法
CN113862662B (zh) * 2021-09-23 2023-06-20 上海电机学院 一种高温自硬化复合侧导板衬板及其加工方法
CN114054947B (zh) * 2021-10-28 2023-03-07 华北电力大学 一种高耐磨金属陶瓷涂层激光制备设备
CN114411143A (zh) * 2021-12-02 2022-04-29 大唐水电科学技术研究院有限公司 一种修补和防护冲击式水轮机喷嘴空蚀和泥沙磨损的方法
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EP0986653B1 (de) 2001-12-05
EA199901088A1 (ru) 2000-06-26
AU733070B2 (en) 2001-05-03
JP4083817B2 (ja) 2008-04-30
NO995828D0 (no) 1999-11-26
AU7517598A (en) 1998-12-30
CN1258323A (zh) 2000-06-28
CN1190517C (zh) 2005-02-23
PL186654B1 (pl) 2004-02-27
NO995828L (no) 1999-12-10
KR20010012957A (ko) 2001-02-26
NO321415B1 (no) 2006-05-08
US6623876B1 (en) 2003-09-23
EA001332B1 (ru) 2001-02-26
DE69802800D1 (de) 2002-01-17
JP2002510361A (ja) 2002-04-02
ATE210209T1 (de) 2001-12-15
WO1998054379A1 (fr) 1998-12-03
BR9809467A (pt) 2000-06-20
CA2207579A1 (fr) 1998-11-28
DE69802800T2 (de) 2002-08-08
PL336929A1 (en) 2000-07-17
KR100540461B1 (ko) 2006-01-12

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