EP0885999B1 - Verfahren zum Bedrucken von textilen Fasermaterialien nach dem Tintenstrahldruck-Verfahren - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Bedrucken von textilen Fasermaterialien nach dem Tintenstrahldruck-Verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0885999B1
EP0885999B1 EP98810524A EP98810524A EP0885999B1 EP 0885999 B1 EP0885999 B1 EP 0885999B1 EP 98810524 A EP98810524 A EP 98810524A EP 98810524 A EP98810524 A EP 98810524A EP 0885999 B1 EP0885999 B1 EP 0885999B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
ink
water
dried
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98810524A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0885999A3 (de
EP0885999A2 (de
Inventor
Mickael Mheidle
Roger Lacroix
Peter Scheibli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Ciba Spezialitaetenchemie Holding AG
Ciba SC Holding AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4211337&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0885999(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Ciba Spezialitaetenchemie Holding AG, Ciba SC Holding AG filed Critical Ciba Spezialitaetenchemie Holding AG
Publication of EP0885999A2 publication Critical patent/EP0885999A2/de
Publication of EP0885999A3 publication Critical patent/EP0885999A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0885999B1 publication Critical patent/EP0885999B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/30—Ink jet printing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
    • D06P1/382—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes reactive group directly attached to heterocyclic group
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
    • D06P1/384—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes reactive group not directly attached to heterocyclic group
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/46—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/46—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/48—Derivatives of carbohydrates
    • D06P1/50—Derivatives of cellulose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
    • D06P1/642—Compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06P1/6426—Heterocyclic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
    • D06P1/651—Compounds without nitrogen
    • D06P1/65106—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • D06P1/65118—Compounds containing hydroxyl groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for printing on textile Fiber materials with reactive dyes by the ink jet printing method (for jet and Ink-jet process) and corresponding printing inks.
  • Inkjet printing processes have been in the textile industry for several years now applied. These methods make it possible to the usual production of a Print stencil, so that significant cost and time savings achieved can be. In particular, in the production of master patterns can be within much less time to respond to changing needs.
  • Corresponding inkjet printing procedures should be optimal in particular have application properties. To mention are in this Related properties such as viscosity, stability, surface tension and Conductivity of the inks used. Furthermore, there are increased demands on quality of the prints obtained, e.g. in terms of color strength, fiber-dye binding stability as well as wet fastness properties. Of the known methods are these requirements are not met in all properties, so that continues to be a need for new process for textile ink jet printing.
  • the reactive dye of formula (1j) is preferably used in admixture with a Reactive dye of the formula (1i).
  • the reactive dyes of the formulas (1a) to (1j) are known or can be prepared in analogy to obtained compounds, e.g. by conventional diazotization, Coupling and condensation reactions.
  • the reactive dyes of formulas (1a) to (1j) used in the inks should preferably be low in salt, i. a total content of salts of less than 0.5 wt .-%, based on the weight of the dyes.
  • Reactive dyes which, due to their production and / or the subsequent addition of coupage agents may have larger salt contents, e.g. by membrane separation methods, such as Ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis or dialysis, be desalted.
  • the inks contain as dyes exclusively those of the above formulas (1a) to (1j).
  • the inks preferably contain a total content of reactive dyes of the above Formulas (1a) to (1j) of 5 to 35 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 35 wt .-% and preferably 10 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the ink.
  • the content of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or 1,2-propylene glycol in the ink is usually 5 up to 30% by weight, in particular 5 to 20% by weight and preferably 10 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink.
  • the inks contain 1,2-propylene glycol, usually in an amount of 5 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 20 wt .-% and preferably 10 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the ink.
  • the inks contain N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, usually in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight, in particular 5 to 20% by weight and preferably 10 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the ink.
  • water-soluble, non-ionic cellulose ethers are e.g. Methyl, ethyl, Hydroxyethyl, methylhydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in Consideration. Preference is given to methylcellulose or in particular hydroxyethylcellulose.
  • Alginates are in particular alkali alginates and preferably sodium alginate into consideration.
  • the cellulose ethers and alginates are usually used in the ink in an amount of 0.01 to 2 wt .-%, in particular 0.01 to 1 wt .-% and preferably 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the ink used. Both the water-soluble, non-ionic cellulose ethers as well as the alginates are called thickeners used and allow the setting of a specific viscosity of the ink.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention is characterized the inks comprise an alginate, usually in an amount of from 0.01 to 2% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 1 wt .-% and preferably 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on the Total weight of the ink, included.
  • the inks contain a water-soluble, nonionic cellulose ethers, usually in an amount of 0.01 to 2 Wt .-%, in particular 0.01 to 1 wt .-% and preferably 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the ink.
  • the inks may contain buffering substances, such as e.g. Borax, borate or citrate.
  • buffering substances such as e.g. Borax, borate or citrate.
  • borax sodium borate, sodium tetraborate and sodium citrate.
  • she are especially in amounts of 0.1 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 1 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the ink used to obtain a pH of e.g. 4 to 9, especially 5 to 8.5, adjust.
  • inks which have a viscosity from 1 to 40 mPa.s, in particular from 1 to 20 mPa.s and preferably from 1 to 10 mPa.s. exhibit.
  • the inks may still contain conventional additives, e.g. Foam-damping agents or In particular, the fungal and / or bacterial growth inhibiting substances containing. These are usually in amounts of 0.01 to 1 wt .-%, based on the total weight the ink, used.
  • conventional additives e.g. Foam-damping agents or In particular, the fungal and / or bacterial growth inhibiting substances containing. These are usually in amounts of 0.01 to 1 wt .-%, based on the total weight the ink, used.
  • inks which contain no thioglycol.
  • the inks can be prepared in the usual way by mixing the individual components in the desired amount of water are produced.
  • the inventive method for printing textile fiber materials can with executed on known and suitable for textile printing inkjet printers become.
  • textile fiber materials are in particular hydroxyl-containing fiber materials into consideration.
  • cellulose-containing fiber materials which are wholly or partly made Cellulose exist.
  • natural fiber materials such as cotton, linen or Hemp
  • regenerated fiber materials such as e.g. Viscose and lyocell.
  • viscose or preferably cotton preference is given to viscose or preferably cotton.
  • the fiber materials mentioned are preferably in the form of flat textile fabrics, knitted fabrics or webs.
  • the present invention takes place before Printing a pretreatment of the fiber material, wherein the one to be printed Fiber material first treated with an aqueous alkaline liquor and the treated If necessary, the fiber material is dried.
  • the aqueous alkaline liquor contains at least one of the usual bases, which in conventional Reactive printing process for fixing the reactive dyes are used.
  • the base is e.g. in an amount of 10 to 100 g / l liquor, preferably 10 to 50 g / l Fleet, used.
  • the pH The alkaline liquor is usually 7.5 to 13.5, preferably 8.5 to 12.5.
  • the aqueous alkaline liquor may contain, in addition to the bases, further additives, e.g. hydrotropic, contain.
  • hydrotroping agent it is preferred to use urea, e.g. in a Amount of 25 to 200 g / l liquor, preferably 50 to 150 g / l liquor is used.
  • the fiber material is dried after the above pretreatment.
  • the fiber material is advantageously dried, preferably at temperatures up to 150 ° C, in particular 80 to 120 ° C, and then a heat treatment process subjected to complete the pressure, or the dye to fix.
  • the heat treatment may e.g. by a hot dwell process, a thermosol process or preferably by a steaming process.
  • the printed fiber material is e.g. a treatment in one Damper with optionally superheated steam, conveniently at a temperature from 95 to 180 ° C, advantageously in saturated steam, subjected.
  • the prints obtainable by the processes according to the invention have good properties Common rights; they have e.g. a high fiber-dye binding stability both in the acidic and in the alkaline range, a good lightfastness, good Wet fastness, such as washing, water, seawater, over-dyeing and perspiration fastness, one good chlorine fastness, rub fastness, ironing fastness and pleating fastness as well as sharp contours and a high color intensity.
  • the printing inks used are characterized by good stability and good viscosity properties.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
  • Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
EP98810524A 1997-06-17 1998-06-09 Verfahren zum Bedrucken von textilen Fasermaterialien nach dem Tintenstrahldruck-Verfahren Expired - Lifetime EP0885999B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH147497 1997-06-17
CH1474/97 1997-06-17
CH147497 1997-06-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0885999A2 EP0885999A2 (de) 1998-12-23
EP0885999A3 EP0885999A3 (de) 2000-02-23
EP0885999B1 true EP0885999B1 (de) 2005-07-27

Family

ID=4211337

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98810524A Expired - Lifetime EP0885999B1 (de) 1997-06-17 1998-06-09 Verfahren zum Bedrucken von textilen Fasermaterialien nach dem Tintenstrahldruck-Verfahren

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US6007611A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0885999B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH1112957A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR100538665B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN1140666C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR9803345A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE59812953D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2246526T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ID (1) ID20433A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
MX (1) MX227075B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
MY (1) MY117132A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PT (1) PT885999E (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SG (1) SG79981A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
TR (1) TR199801118A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
TW (1) TW503250B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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GB9813475D0 (en) * 1998-06-23 1998-08-19 Zeneca Ltd Compounds,compositions and use
AU5859499A (en) * 1998-09-16 2000-04-03 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. Method for printing fibrous textile materials according to the ink jet method
WO2001069324A1 (de) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-20 Textilma Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von digital bedruckten textilbändern, insbesondere etiketten
DE10135042A1 (de) * 2001-07-11 2003-02-06 Dystar Textilfarben Gmbh & Co Wässrige Tintenformulierungen für das Tintenstrahldruck-Verfahren
KR100807799B1 (ko) * 2005-01-20 2008-02-26 서병욱 인터넷을 이용한 원거리 가축 사육 시스템 처리 방법
CN100506816C (zh) * 2005-12-30 2009-07-01 明德国际仓储贸易(上海)有限公司 黄色染料化合物及其墨水组成物
JP4687523B2 (ja) * 2006-03-17 2011-05-25 セイコーエプソン株式会社 捺染用インクジェットインク用の前処理剤、前処理剤によって処理した布帛、及びインクジェット捺染方法
US8163075B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2012-04-24 Sensient Colors Llc Inks comprising modified pigments and methods for making and using the same
US8434120B2 (en) 2007-06-26 2013-04-30 Thomson Licensing System and method for grouping program identifiers into multicast groups
EP2201072B1 (en) 2007-08-23 2018-11-14 Sensient Colors LLC Self-dispersed pigments and methods for making and using the same
JP2010007192A (ja) * 2008-06-25 2010-01-14 Konica Minolta Ij Technologies Inc インクジェット捺染方法
KR20110135989A (ko) 2009-04-07 2011-12-20 센션트 컬러스 엘엘씨 자가-분산 입자 및 그의 제조 및 사용 방법
CN101565560B (zh) * 2009-04-14 2012-10-17 丽源(湖北)科技有限公司 一种红色活性染料混合物及其制备及使用
JP5857469B2 (ja) * 2011-06-23 2016-02-10 セイコーエプソン株式会社 インクジェット捺染方法、インクジェット捺染装置
CN103556500B (zh) * 2013-11-04 2016-02-17 绍兴文理学院 一种印花色浆及其制备方法与应用
JP6233579B2 (ja) * 2013-12-17 2017-11-22 セイコーエプソン株式会社 インクジェット捺染用のインク組成物および捺染方法
CN104131478A (zh) * 2014-07-24 2014-11-05 哈尔滨市朗威尔科技发展有限公司 活性墨水染料在亚麻纺织物上彩色印染工艺
CN104514157B (zh) * 2014-12-15 2016-10-05 杭州万事利丝绸科技有限公司 一种基于纤维素纳米球为分散剂的真丝绸印花用纳米墨水的制备方法
CN106752077B (zh) * 2016-11-28 2018-07-24 浙江瑞华化工有限公司 一种蓝色活性染料组合物及其制备方法和用途
EP3342927B1 (en) 2016-12-28 2019-08-14 Seiko Epson Corporation Ink jet ink composition for textile printing, ink set, and recording method
JP6954053B2 (ja) * 2016-12-28 2021-10-27 セイコーエプソン株式会社 捺染用インクジェットインク組成物、インクセット及び記録方法
JP2019060051A (ja) 2017-09-27 2019-04-18 セイコーエプソン株式会社 記録方法
JP7017054B2 (ja) 2017-09-29 2022-02-08 セイコーエプソン株式会社 インクジェット捺染インク、インクジェット捺染インクセットおよび捺染方法
JP2019137793A (ja) 2018-02-13 2019-08-22 セイコーエプソン株式会社 捺染インクジェットインク組成物セット及び記録方法

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JPS60185886A (ja) * 1985-01-29 1985-09-21 キヤノン株式会社 捺染用液媒体
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EP0665326A3 (de) * 1994-01-26 1996-09-25 Ciba Geigy Ag Verfahren zum Bedrucken von Fasermaterial im Direktdruck.
JP3391922B2 (ja) * 1994-02-08 2003-03-31 キヤノン株式会社 インクジェット捺染用布帛の製造方法、布帛の処理方法及びインクジェット捺染方法
DE4417718A1 (de) * 1994-05-20 1995-11-23 Hoechst Ag Reaktivfarbstoffe für den Tintenstrahldruck

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX227075B (en) 2005-04-01
CN1202550A (zh) 1998-12-23
MX9804842A (en) 2000-04-30
TW503250B (en) 2002-09-21
TR199801118A2 (xx) 1999-10-21
BR9803345A (pt) 1999-11-03
EP0885999A3 (de) 2000-02-23
TR199801118A3 (tr) 1999-10-21
MY117132A (en) 2004-05-31
JPH1112957A (ja) 1999-01-19
ES2246526T3 (es) 2006-02-16
CN1140666C (zh) 2004-03-03
SG79981A1 (en) 2001-04-17
PT885999E (pt) 2005-10-31
US6007611A (en) 1999-12-28
KR100538665B1 (ko) 2006-03-23
DE59812953D1 (de) 2005-09-01
KR19990007012A (ko) 1999-01-25
EP0885999A2 (de) 1998-12-23
ID20433A (id) 1998-12-17

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