EP0519485A1 - Treibmittel für Gasgeneratoren - Google Patents

Treibmittel für Gasgeneratoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519485A1
EP0519485A1 EP92110353A EP92110353A EP0519485A1 EP 0519485 A1 EP0519485 A1 EP 0519485A1 EP 92110353 A EP92110353 A EP 92110353A EP 92110353 A EP92110353 A EP 92110353A EP 0519485 A1 EP0519485 A1 EP 0519485A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
derivatives
propellant
nitrate
salts
radical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92110353A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Redecker
Waldemar Dr. Weuter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Dynamit Nobel AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dynamit Nobel AG filed Critical Dynamit Nobel AG
Publication of EP0519485A1 publication Critical patent/EP0519485A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00

Definitions

  • Gas generators are finding increasing interest in saving lives, for example in vehicles.
  • the most widely used gas generation mixture in the world contains sodium azide.
  • sodium azide is toxic, which requires special measures in the manufacture of the raw material, the gas mixture, its processing, quality control and disposal. This applies in particular to the scrapping of vehicles.
  • DE-A-21 42 578 describes a compressed propellant charge for rapidly inflating a hollow body by reacting tetrazylazen with oxygen carriers.
  • DE-A-18 06 550 proposes a propellant gas-generating, cool gas-producing propellant based on ammonium nitrate, activated carbon and an endothermic decomposing or sublimating compound.
  • this system supplies a large proportion of water vapor, which is disadvantageous because water leads to a sharp increase in temperature due to its high heat of condensation.
  • DE-A-12 22 418 describes mixtures which develop pressurized gas on the basis of inorganic perchlorate oxidizers, polymeric fuel binders and a coolant.
  • preparations with high levels of chlorate or perchlorate lead to chlorine levels in the reaction gases.
  • EP-A-372 733 describes an unsatisfactory mixture since the propellant charge of the proposed airbag contains about 40% ammonium perchlorate.
  • Even nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin masses can be found in the literature. Such proposals cannot be used for use in life-saving systems. Nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin mixtures or other carbon-rich, energetic compounds are eliminated due to the formation of carbon monoxide.
  • the propellants of DE-A-12 50 318 which contain aminotetrazole, potassium dichromate, calcium resinate and metallic silicon, do not meet today's safety requirements. The same applies to DE-C-20 04 620, whose charge gas-generating charge contains azotetrazole and / or ditetrazole and chlorates or perchlorates.
  • the propellants of US Pat. No. 3,734,789 which contain 5-aminotetrazole nitrate and polyisoprene binder, burn off quickly, but also generate carbon monoxide in concentrations which are hazardous to health due to the carbon-rich binder fraction.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing gas sets whose production and processing or handling are harmless and whose reaction products are not toxic.
  • the nitrogen-containing compounds to be used according to the invention are those which, when mixed with oxidizing agents, form mainly CO2, N2 and H2O in their thermal / chemical reaction, but do not develop gases such as CO or NO x in concentrations which are hazardous to health. It is particularly important that the addition of binders is not absolutely necessary.
  • R1 is preferably hydrogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxyl, a methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl radical, one Methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, n-heptylamino, n-octylamino or n-decylamino, a phenylamino, a phenyl, nitrophenyl or aminophenyl group.
  • R2 or R3 is preferably hydrogen, a methyl or ethyl radical, a phenyl, nitrophenyl or aminophenyl radical.
  • the tetrazole derivatives are particularly preferred: 5-aminotetrazole, sodium, potassium or calcium 5-aminotetrazolate, 1- (4-aminophenyl) tetrazole, 1- (4-nitrophenyl) tetrazole, 1-methyl-5-dimethylamino-tetrazole, 1-methyl 5-methylaminotetrazole, 1-methyl-tetrazole, 1-phenyl-5-aminotetrazole, 1-phenyl-5-hydroxy-tetrazole, 1-phenyl-tetrazole, 2-ethyl-5-aminotetrazole, 2-methyl- 5-amino-tetrazole, 2-methyl-5-carboxyl-tetrazole, 2-methyl-5-methylamino-tetrazole, 2-methyl-tetrazole, 2-phenyl-tetrazole, 5- (p-tolyl) -tetrazole, 5- Diallyl-aminotetrazole, 5-dimethylamino-tetrazole
  • cyanic acid derivatives 1,3,5-triazine, cyanuric acid ester and / or cyanuric acid amide (melamine) as triazine derivatives and biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine as urea derivatives.
  • Triaminoguanidine nitrate aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarboxylic acid diamide, dicyandiamidine nitrate, dicyandiamidine sulfate, tetrazene and / or semicarbazide nitrate are used.
  • the mixtures according to the invention have high thermal and climatic stability, which is a prerequisite for a perfect effect even after long storage.
  • Nitrates of ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or iron, preferably sodium nitrate or peroxides of zinc, calcium, strontium or magnesium can be used as the oxidizing agent.
  • the peroxides are used with an oxygen value that can be obtained from stable compounds. For zinc peroxide, this is about 11 to 14% by weight.
  • the corresponding molar ratio of nitrogen-containing compound to peroxide is in the range from 1: 2 to 5.5.
  • Calcium peroxide can have an active oxygen value of, for example, 18.62% by weight and grain sizes of 15.5 ⁇ m and is advantageously used in a molar ratio of nitrogenous compound / peroxide of 1: 3.
  • the above-mentioned peroxides can be used in a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 20.
  • Calcium and / or zinc peroxide is preferably used. Mixtures of the peroxides with one another or with other oxidizing agents can also be used.
  • Other oxidizing agents are, for example, the above-mentioned nitrates of ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or iron, preferably sodium nitrate.
  • the alkaline hydrolysis products can cause reactions with the other components of the mixture.
  • coating the peroxides with inorganic or organic materials by methods known per se is expedient. Such a coating also offers the advantage of better handling, since the blowing agent treated in this way no longer produces dust.
  • the mixtures of the tetrazole or its derivatives to be used according to the invention with the compounds from groups A), B) and / or C) enable the propellants to be graded with respect to their reaction rate and the vapors and gases that develop.
  • a gradation that is necessary in order to be able to use the propellants according to the invention as widely as possible.
  • the propellant charges according to the invention must be mixed in a targeted manner. This is the only way to find the optimal one To achieve effect.
  • the efficiency of the propellants according to the invention is influenced not only by the composition, but also by the ignition, and also by the insulation caused by the construction and by the outflow behavior of the developing swaths and gases.
  • the efficiency can be assessed, for example, by determining the gas pressure increase gradient of the respective mixture in the design-related, predetermined external environment and the type of ignition selected.
  • the developing gas concentrations, especially those of the gases hazardous to health, must not exceed certain maximum values. These values result from the MAK values (or from the TLV values in the USA). From these values together with the permitted exposure times, technical requirements are created which the respective propellant charges have to meet. When defining these requirements, for example, the different passenger cells are also taken into account. In order to meet these requirements, it is necessary to mix the respective propellant in a targeted manner.
  • the gas temperature can be kept low by adding diammonium oxalate, oxalic acid diamide, dicyandiamide or carbonates or bicarbonates. If thermal stability is not important and smoke formation is to be avoided when inorganic carbonates or bicarbonates are added, aminoguanidine bicarbonate can be used as the organic bicarbonate. Additional additives can be oxalic acid or urea, which are generally added in an amount of up to 5% by weight, based on the mixture.
  • Metal powders of iron, magnesium, zirconium or titanium can be added as reducing agents, which in contrast to non-metal boron do not have a strong influence on the rate of combustion, but in the latter case they do have a strong influence on the heat of the reaction and the reaction products.
  • the proportion of reducing agents can be up to 5% by weight.
  • Catalysts are metal complexes, of which ferrocene is mentioned here by way of example, the addition of which increases the reaction rate significantly by up to about 3% by weight.
  • the gas sets described in accordance with the invention are produced by mixing the components by methods known per se, if appropriate with the preparation of a harmless premix, to which further components are added.
  • This mixture can already be used in powdered form. Demixing due to different density of the components can be countered by granulating the mixture.
  • the mixture will be molded by pressing or similar measures.
  • pressing aids can be added to the mixture.
  • graphite, molybdenum disulfide, Teflon, talc, zinc stearate or boron nitride come into question. These agents work even in the smallest amounts and do not or only slightly influence the properties and the burning behavior.
  • One such method is to add additives such as salts to the mixture before the actual molding process, which can be removed by extraction with water or solvents after the molding.
  • Another method is to add substances which are not very thermally resistant and which decompose when the molding is heated.
  • the surface of the mixture can also be increased by adding hollow microspheres made of glass or plastics to the mixture prior to pressing.
  • the density of the compact to be achieved in this way can deviate by up to 20% from that of the untreated compact, this value being intended only as a rough guide and not a limitation. This treatment leads to an extreme acceleration of the burning process.
  • a further treatment of the moldings can consist in a surface coating.
  • protection against environmental influences is achieved in particular.
  • Such a measure can also be used to increase the strength of the molded body.
  • suitable fibers for stabilization would also have to be provided here.
  • a side effect of the coating is the reduction of the abrasion during the transport stress of the parts.
  • the moldings treated in this way can be introduced in bulk or directed into appropriate pressure-resistant containers. They are ignited using conventional methods with the aid of ignition kits or thermal charges, the resulting gases possibly filling the life-saving system in a split second after flowing through a suitable filter.
  • the propellants according to the invention are particularly suitable for so-called airbags, impact bags, which are used in motor vehicles or aircraft to protect the occupants.
  • the airbag In the event of a motor vehicle crash, the airbag must be filled with gas quantities of approximately 50 to 300 liters within a very short time, depending on the system and car size.
  • the propellants according to the invention are also suitable for use in belt tensioners.
  • Life saving systems containing the propellants according to the invention are also the subject of the present invention.
  • 5-ATZ and ZnO2 as components for non-toxic gas sets, are homogenized together in a weight ratio of 1 to 7 (this corresponds to a molar ratio of approx. 1: 5) in plastic containers in a tumble mixer for 1-2 hours. 3.0 g of the sample are reacted as bulk in a 25 ml stainless steel pressure bomb by means of an electrically heatable Fe wire and the pressure-time profile is recorded by means of a piezoelectric measuring device. After about 30 ms, a maximum gas pressure of about 200 bar arises, which is mainly due to the formation of CO2, N2, O2 and H2O. The reaction has a strongly exothermic character of approx.
  • the gas set mixtures described in Examples 1 to 24 can also be used in compressed form.
  • Example 1 As described in Example 1, further mixtures of gas-generating components and oxygen suppliers such as zinc peroxide with an active oxygen content of 13.07% by weight and an average grain size of 11.8 ⁇ m or, in the case of sodium nitrate, with an average grain size of ⁇ 45 ⁇ m produced.
  • gas-generating components and oxygen suppliers such as zinc peroxide with an active oxygen content of 13.07% by weight and an average grain size of 11.8 ⁇ m or, in the case of sodium nitrate, with an average grain size of ⁇ 45 ⁇ m produced.
  • Table 4 below contains further information on the mixtures.
  • Table 5 shows the values for the maximum pressure (bar) and the time in ms to the maximum pressure, which are in the range of those described in Example 1 for a gas set consisting of 5-aminotetrazole and zinc peroxide. In addition, the time between 40-60% of the maximum pressure was determined. Table 5 Example No. Maxim Pressure (bar) Time (ms) to maxim. print up to 40-60% of the max. print 26 359 30th 1.2 27th 217 123 13.1 28 352 29 1.5 29 473 39 1.3 30th 549 14 0.5 31 917 7 0.2 32 148 220 20.1
  • the parameters required for the respective gas set can be set by coordinating the parameters and adding other components.
  • the components are suitable for the production of gas sets due to their miscibility, processability, compressibility for shaping and compatibility with one another and with additional additives as well as their safety-related characteristics.
  • the mixtures of Examples 33 to 44 were made of zinc peroxide (active oxygen content 12.8% by weight, average particle size 4.8 ⁇ m), aminotetrazole (average particle size ⁇ 125 ⁇ m), sodium nitrate (particle size ⁇ 45 ⁇ m) and the listed components with a grain size of ⁇ 125 ⁇ m.
  • the additionally listed components are described in the literature.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
EP92110353A 1991-06-21 1992-06-19 Treibmittel für Gasgeneratoren Withdrawn EP0519485A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4120599 1991-06-21
DE4120599 1991-06-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0519485A1 true EP0519485A1 (de) 1992-12-23

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EP92110353A Withdrawn EP0519485A1 (de) 1991-06-21 1992-06-19 Treibmittel für Gasgeneratoren

Country Status (4)

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US (2) US20030145923A1 (cs)
EP (1) EP0519485A1 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ291570B6 (cs)
DE (1) DE4220019A1 (cs)

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DE4411654A1 (de) * 1993-10-20 1995-04-27 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Gaserzeugendes Gemisch
WO1995018780A1 (en) * 1994-01-10 1995-07-13 Thiokol Corporation Non-azide gas generant compositions containing dicyanamide salts
EP0659711A3 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-08-09 Morton Int Inc Processing aids for gas generating compositions.
EP0659714A3 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-09-13 Morton Int Inc Gas generating composition for use with aluminum building elements.
EP0661253A3 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-09-13 Morton Int Inc Gas generating compositions using dicyanamide salts as fuel.
US5451682A (en) * 1994-01-10 1995-09-19 Thiokol Corporation Method for synthesizing 5-aminotetrazole
US5467715A (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-11-21 Morton International, Inc. Gas generant compositions
US5468866A (en) * 1994-01-04 1995-11-21 Thiokol Corporation Methods for synthesizing and processing bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine
US5516377A (en) * 1994-01-10 1996-05-14 Thiokol Corporation Gas generating compositions based on salts of 5-nitraminotetrazole
DE19505568A1 (de) * 1995-02-18 1996-08-22 Dynamit Nobel Ag Gaserzeugende Mischungen
EP0723530A4 (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-09-25 Thiokol Corp METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WATER-FREE GAS-GENERATING TETRAZOLE COMPOSITION
EP0712384A4 (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-09-25 Thiokol Corp WATER-FREE GAS GENERATING TETRAZOLE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
EP0694511A4 (en) * 1994-02-15 1997-02-26 Nippon Koki Kk Gas generator composition, process for producing tablet therefrom, and transportation method
WO1997023434A1 (de) * 1995-12-23 1997-07-03 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Initialsprengstoff-freie anzündmischung
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FR2772370A1 (fr) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-18 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Compositions pyrotechniques generatrices de gaz non toxiques a base de perchlorate d'ammonium
EP0951923A1 (en) 1998-01-29 1999-10-27 Primex Aerospace Company Chemically active fire suppression composition
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US6241281B1 (en) 1996-07-25 2001-06-05 Cordant Technologies Inc. Metal complexes for use as gas generants
EP1062189A4 (en) * 1998-03-12 2002-10-09 Automotive Systems Lab AZID-FREE GAS GENERATORS WITH HIGH YIELD
US6550808B1 (en) 2000-11-17 2003-04-22 Autoliv Asp. Inc. Guanylurea nitrate in gas generation
US6602365B1 (en) 2000-11-17 2003-08-05 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Gas generation via metal complexes of guanylurea nitrate
US6969435B1 (en) 1994-01-19 2005-11-29 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Metal complexes for use as gas generants
EP2038146A4 (en) * 2006-05-05 2009-09-30 Tk Holdings Inc GAS PRODUCTION COMPOSITIONS
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DE4423088A1 (de) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-04 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Gaserzeugendes, azidfreies Stoffgemisch
DE19531288A1 (de) * 1995-08-25 1997-02-27 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Pyrotechnische Gasgeneratoren mit verbessertem Anbrennverhalten
DE10338928A1 (de) * 2003-08-21 2005-04-07 Rhodius Gmbh Filtereinsatz sowie Gasgenerator mit einem derartigen Filtereinsatz
WO2007130676A2 (en) * 2006-05-05 2007-11-15 Tk Holdings, Inc. Gas generant compositions
US8002915B2 (en) * 2006-09-30 2011-08-23 Tk Holdings, Inc. Gas generant compositions
FR2950624B1 (fr) * 2009-09-25 2013-05-10 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Compose pyrotechnique generateur de gaz
CZ304078B6 (cs) * 2011-12-19 2013-10-02 Sellier & Bellot Speciální paliva vhodná pro pyrotechnické smesi emitující v blízké IR oblasti
JP5639137B2 (ja) * 2012-10-15 2014-12-10 積水化学工業株式会社 ガス発生材及びマイクロポンプ
CN104350030B (zh) 2012-10-15 2017-09-15 积水化学工业株式会社 气体发生材料及微型泵
JP6970190B2 (ja) 2016-05-23 2021-11-24 ジョイソン セーフティー システムズ アクウィジション エルエルシー ガス発生組成物ならびにそれらの製造方法及び使用方法
KR20210141456A (ko) * 2019-03-15 2021-11-23 에이와 가세이 고교 가부시키가이샤 가스발생제, 발포용 조성물, 발포체, 및 발포체의 제조방법

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EP0712384A4 (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-09-25 Thiokol Corp WATER-FREE GAS GENERATING TETRAZOLE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
EP0723530A4 (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-09-25 Thiokol Corp METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WATER-FREE GAS-GENERATING TETRAZOLE COMPOSITION
DE4411654A1 (de) * 1993-10-20 1995-04-27 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Gaserzeugendes Gemisch
US5544687A (en) * 1993-12-10 1996-08-13 Morton International, Inc. Gas generant compositions using dicyanamide salts as fuel
EP0659711A3 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-08-09 Morton Int Inc Processing aids for gas generating compositions.
EP0659714A3 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-09-13 Morton Int Inc Gas generating composition for use with aluminum building elements.
EP0661253A3 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-09-13 Morton Int Inc Gas generating compositions using dicyanamide salts as fuel.
US5467715A (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-11-21 Morton International, Inc. Gas generant compositions
US5518054A (en) * 1993-12-10 1996-05-21 Morton International, Inc. Processing aids for gas generants
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DE4220019A1 (de) 1992-12-24
CZ189792A3 (en) 1993-01-13
CZ291570B6 (cs) 2003-04-16
US20030145923A1 (en) 2003-08-07

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