CZ189792A3 - Propelling charge for gas generators - Google Patents

Abstract

A propellant for gas generators, in particular for life-saving systems, contains one or more tetrazole derivative(s) or one or more compounds from each of the groups A) cyanic acid derivatives and salts thereof, B) triazine and triazine derivatives, C) urea, salts thereof, derivatives thereof and their salts, it also being possible for the said compounds to be present as mixtures, and an oxidising agent from the group comprising the nitrates of ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron and/or peroxides of zinc, calcium, strontium or magnesium, it being possible for further gas-generating components, coolants, reducing agents, catalysts and/or porosity generators to have been added.

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to a propellant for gas generators, to a process for its production and to its use.

Current state of the art. Heusále. There is a growing interest in gas generators for. life-saving, for example in vehicles · Practically all over the world, the most commonly used gas mixture contains sodium azide. Sodium azide is. but poisonous, which you «. requires ... special measures in the production of the raw material »gas mixture mixture, its processing, quality control- and disposal · This applies in particular to the scrapping of the vehicle.

....... there were attempts to use other substances instead of natriuma2id. Thus, DE-A-21 42 578 discloses a compressed propellant for rapidly inflating a hollow body, obtained by reacting tetrazylases with oxygen carriers. DE-A-18 06 550 proposes a drive means for. production of compressed gas, supplying cold gases, based on ammonium nitrate, activated carbon and one endothermically decomposing or subliming compound. This system supplies a large proportion of water vapor, which is disadvantageous because the water leads to a strong increase in temperature due to its condensing heat.

DE-A-12 22 418 describes mixtures which produce compressed gas on the basis of inorganic perchlorate oxidants, polymeric fuel binders and refrigerants. EP-A-372 733 is an unsatisfactory mixture, since the propellant charge of the proposed air bag contains about 40% ammonium perchlorate. Nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin substances can also be found in the literature. Such designs are not applicable for use in life saving systems. Nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin mixtures; or i. other energy compounds rich in. carbon, prices are excluded with regard to the formation of carbon monoxide.

Also the propellants according to DE-A-1 250 318, which contain aminotetrazole, potassium dichromate, calcium resinate and silicon metal, do not meet today's safety requirements. The same applies to DE-C-2 004 620, whose charges produce compressed gas containing azotetrazole and / or ditetrazole and chlorates or perchlorates. . Drive charges according to.

Although TJS-A-3,734,789, which contain 5-aminotetrazol nitrate and polyisoprene binders, burns rapidly, they also form carbon monoxide in health-threatening concentrations due to the carbon-rich binder content.

The invention therefore. for. the basic, task of data..to..the available gas batches, the production and processing or handling of which are safe and whose reaction products are not toxic.

The essence of the invention

This problem is solved by a propellant for gas generators which contain as a compound. nitrogen and / or one or more tetrazole derivatives of the general formula

-3in which R ^. and R 8 or R 6 are the same or different, but either R 8 or R 6 is present and means: hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl, alkyl of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 7 atoms carbon, an alkylamino radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl radical, optionally substituted by one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and are selected from amino, nitro, alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an arylamino radical in which the aryl moiety may optionally be a substitute or sodium or potassium salts and guanidine salts or these as nitrogen-containing compounds. * .....

b / or contain one or more compounds from the groups

A / cyanic acid derivatives and their salts,

B / triazine and triazine derivatives,

Urea, its salts, derivatives and derivatives and their salts, wherein the compounds mentioned under a / and b) can also be present as mixtures and an oxidizing agent from the peroxide group or from the peroxide group together with oxidizing agents from the nitrate group.

The nitrogen-containing compounds used according to the invention are those which, in admixture with oxidizing agents, form, in their thermal / chemical conversion, mainly COg, Ng and HgO, but do not emit any gases such as CO or NO in harmful concentrations. It is especially important that the addition of binders is not absolutely necessary.

R1 is preferably hydrogen, amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, methyl, ethyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl. the rest or the target. butyl, residue, n-pentyl residue, n-hexyl residue or n-hep-4-yl residue, methylamino residue, ethylamino residue, dimethylamino residue, n-heptylamino residue, n-octylamino residue or n-decylamino residue, phenylamino residue, phenyl residue or aminophenyl residue.

R is preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl or aminophenyl.

Tetrazole derivatives are particularly preferred:

...... 5-aminotetrazole, sodium 5-aminotetrazolate, potassium 5-aminotetrazolate or calcium 5-aminotetrazolate. 1-methyltetrazole, 1-phenyl-5-aminotetrazole, 1-phenyl-5-hydroxytetrazole, 1-phenyltetrazole, 2-ethyl-5-aminotetrazole, 2-methyl-5-aminotetrazole, 2-methyl-5-carboxyltetrazole, 2-methyl -5-methylaminotetrazole, 2-methyltetrazole, 2i-phenyltetrazole, 5- (p-tolyl) -tetrazole, ... 5r diallylaminotetrazole, 5-dimethylaminotetrazole, 5-ethyl .... aminotetrazole, 5-hydroxytetrazole, 5-methyltetrazole, 5- niethylaminotetrazole, 5-methylaminotetrazole, 5-n-decylamino. tetrazole, 5-n-heptylaminotetrazole, 5-n-octylaminotetrazole, 5-phenyltetrazole, 5-phenylaminotetrazole or bis (aminoguanidine) azotetrazole.

Sodium cyanate, cyanuric acid, 1-cyanoguanidine, and / or disodium cyanamide are preferably used as cyanic acid derivatives. as triazine derivatives 1,35-triazine, cyanuric acid esters and / or cyanuric acid amide / maamin / and as urea derivatives bi ret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, amino guani, din, aminoguanidine nitrate, triaminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, diamide az , dicyandiamidine nitrate, dicyandiamidine sulfate, tetrazene and / or semicarbazide nitrate.

In addition to health safety, the compositions according to the invention have a high thermal and climatic stability, provided that they have a perfect effect even after long storage.

Ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or iron nitrates can be used as oxidizing agents, preferably sodium nitrate or peroxides of zinc, calcium, strontium or magnesium.

Deroxides are used with an oxygen value which can be obtained from stable compounds. For zinc peroxide, it is about 11 to 14 parts by weight. The corresponding molar ratio of nitrogen-containing compound to peroxide is in the range from 1 to 2 to 5.5. Calcium peroxide may have an active oxygen value of, for example, 18.62 wt. and a grain size of 15.5 .mu.m and is preferably used in a molar ratio of nitrogen / peroxide-containing compound of 1: 3. In general, the above-mentioned peroxides can be used in a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 20%.

Preferably, calcium peroxide and / or zinc peroxide is used. They can. Mixtures of peroxides or mixtures of peroxides with other oxidizing agents, other oxidizing agents may also be used. agents, for example the above-mentioned nitrates of ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or iron, preferably sodium nitrate is used.

When using magnesium peroxide and especially calcium or strontium, reactions with other components of the mixture may occur due to alkaline-acting hydrolysis products ...

Here, it is expedient to coat the peroxides with inorganic or organic materials which are known per se. ways. In addition, such a coating offers the advantage of better maneuverability, since the propellant thus modified no longer dusts.

Mixtures used according to the invention consisting of tetrazole or its derivatives with compounds of the group

A, B / and / or C / allow a fine gradation of the propellant in relation to the reaction rate and the evolving ones. flue gases and gases. Graduation, which is desirable in order to be able to use the propellant according to the invention as widely as possible. Depending on the predetermined design of the generator housing, for example the air bag or the clamping belts, the propellant charges according to the invention must be mixed in a targeted manner so that the optimum effect can be achieved. The determination of the degree of activity ... The evolving gas concentrations, especially of the health-threatening gases, must not exceed certain maximum values. These values result from MAK values (or UiV values in the USA). From these values, together with the permissible exposure times, the technical requirements to be met by the currently used propulsion charges are determined. »In determining these requirements, different passenger cabins, for example, are also taken into account. In order to meet these requirements, it is necessary to mix the drive charges just used.

The values given in the tables were determined by placing 4 g of the propellant charge in a 25 ml pressure bomb in a loose hopper. lit with glowing wire. After ignition, a pressure-time curve was recorded. The obtained values were evaluated as follows:

/ 1 / maximum pressure / bar /: with the same load, the differences can be attributed directly to the resulting gas volume.

These are determined by the gas yield and the color of the thermal reaction.

/ 2 / Gas pressure increase for the area 40 to 60% of the maximum pressure: the curve is no longer false in this area. on combustion or by the behavior of the explosion products during cooling. the inner surface of the bombs. The stated times in milliseconds (ms) reproduce the increase in pressure and indicate different reaction rates. Such values are obtained i.v. They allow precise matching of the propellants according to the invention with respect to the performance requirements. The conversion rate of the propellants according to the invention is sufficiently characterized by stating pressure rise times in the range of 40 to 60% of the maximum pressure. The reaction times up to the maximum pressure are used for additional information.

Maintaining a low gas temperature can be achieved in a targeted manner ... by the addition of diammonium oxalate, oxalic acid diamide, dicyandiamide or carbonates or bicarbonates. to prevent the formation of smoke, can be used as prganic bicarbonate. use aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate · Other additives can be oxalic acid or urea, which are generally added in amounts of up to 5% by weight. , based on mixture *

Powdered metals such as iron, magnesium, zirconium or titanium can be added as reducing agents, which, in contrast to non-metal, boron, have no great effect on the burning rate, but in the latter rather on. thermal coloration of the reaction and reaction products. The point of reducing agent can be up to 5% by weight.

Suitable catalysts for such a heterogeneous mixture are compounds which influence the decomposition of peroxides, such as metals or their oxides, such as manganese dioxide. Vanadium pentoxide or carbodioxide impurities increase the rate of reaction. Up to 5 wt. Molybdenum hexaoxide changes very little, as in the presence of cerium nitrate hexahydrate. These additives are effective in: amounts up to a few% by weight. Other catalysts are metal complexes from which, can be. mention, for example, of ferroene, the addition of which is up to about 3% by weight. clearly increases reaction speed ·

The production of the gaseous batches described according to the invention is carried out by mixing the components in a manner known per se, or in the production of a safe premix to which further components are added. This mixture can already be used in powder form. Decomposition of the mixture into components with different specific component weights can occur by granulation of the mixture.

.......... In far, most common applications, the mixture is formed by compression or similar measures. To simplify To simplify this process, substances can be added to the mixture to aid in compression. Graphite, molybdenum disulfide, Teflon, talc, zinc stearate are suitable as such. or boronitride. These compositions act effectively even in the smallest amounts and affect the combustion properties and behavior and / or affect only nephrotis.

In many cases, it can be advantageous to influence the combustion characteristics of the molding by creating a porosity.

Another method consists in the addition of heat-resistant substances, which decompose the heating of the molding. The surface of the mixture ... is. it can also be increased by adding hollow glass or plastic microspheres to the mixture before compression. The specific weight of the molding thus obtained may differ by up to $ 20 from the untreated molding, and this value should only be

-9 rough indicator and does not imply any restrictions. This processing leads to an extreme acceleration of the firing.

Further processing of the moldings may consist of coating. surface. In addition to influencing the firing characteristics, protection against environmental influences is achieved. can also be used to increase the strength of the shaped body. In extreme cases, it would be advantageous here. Additional, the use of suitableFiber stabilization. A side effect is a reduction in abrasion during transport stress of parts.

The compacts thus treated can be introduced as a free embankment or controlled into a suitable fixed tank. possibly after passing through a suitable filter, to fill the life-saving system in a fraction of a second.

The propellant for the compositions according to the invention is suitable, in the name of the so-called. air. bags / euro bags /, impact bags used in vehicles or aircraft to protect the crew. In the event of a collision, the airbag must fill the air bag (Euroworm) with a gas quantity of about 50 to 300 liters as soon as possible, depending on the system and the size of the vehicle. Driving. The means according to the invention are also suitable for use in clamping belts.

Life-saving systems which comprise the propellants according to the invention are also a subject of the present invention.

Examples of embodiments of the invention

Example 1

167 g ./. from aminoguanidine sulphate, sodium nitrite and nitric acid (5-aminotetrazole) (5-ATZ). se.

allowed to recrystallize from about 600 ml of water with stirring, after filtration, dried at 110 DEG C., ground and dried. sieves with mesh sizes of 250 μm are separated from the coarse fractions / 5-ATZ. specifications; temp. melting / decomposition: 203 DEG C., average grain size 80 .mu.m. a. H 2 OC content 0.05% / ZnO 2 is made of ZnSO 4 x 7 H 2 O a. Hydrogen peroxide in ammonia water, washed with dilute acetic acid and water and dried at 60 ° C / ZnO ₂ specification. : 13.47% by weight Act. oxygen, average grain size 10.3 .mu.m.

. 5 ATZ and ZnO ₂ , as non-toxic components. gas charges are homogenized with each other in a molar ratio of about 1: 1.

(this corresponds to a molar ratio of about 1: 5) in plastics. tanks in a pendulum mixer for 1 to 2 hours. 3.0 g of the sample are introduced as a bulk material in a 25 ml large stainless steel pressure bomb into an reactor with an electrically heatable iron wire. After about 30 ms, a maximum gas pressure of about 200 bar is formed, which is mainly derived from the formation

COg, Kg, O ₂ and HgO. The reaction is strongly exothermic, about 471 cal / g (about 1970 J / g). ZnO remains as the reaction residue. Ignition temperature is around 219 ° C, friction sensitivity around 240 N, impact sensitivity around

J.

Examples 2 to 24

Use of 5-ATZ and ZnOg as components in non-toxic. gas charges according to Example 1 using further additives. The following Examples 2 to 24 describe the reaction of a mixture prepared in a manner known per se. The results are summarized in Tables 1 to 4 ·

-11 '

Table 1. example no.

organic additives / moles /

3 4 5 6 7

9 10 reaction rate / measured as in Example 1/5-aminotetrazole :: V l zinc peroxide Sňaný 3 ammonium nitrate 2,5

11

3 3

2.5 2.5 2.5 aminoguanidine nitrate urea oxalic acid dihydrate oxalic acid diammonium diammonium xalate semicarbazide nitrate dihydrate

1 1

3 3

2.5 2.5 2.5

1

3

2.5 2.5 increase compared to Γ increase compared to í decrease compared to 2 decrease will result in decrease compared to decrease compared to

12cont. Table 1 organic additives / moles / Example No. 234567 89 10 reaction rate (measured as in Example 1)

aminoguanidine bicarbonate 1 decrease , ....... ··. .. versus 2 ferrocene 1x10 ' ³ increase Table 2. V - - - ..- V ... · - example no. inorganic additives / moles / ¹¹ ..... 12 13 ..... 14 15 16 5-aminotetrazole 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 zinc peroxide - · '. 1- 1.3 3 3 3 3 1.5 ammonium nitrate iron nitrate 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 nonahydrate 1,640 th most common -2 decrease zinc carbonate versus 2 neonated 2x10 ~ ³ decrease compared to 2 molybdenum oxide 3x10 ~ 3 is comparable · s 2 sodium nitrite 1 decrease compared to 2 strontium nitrate cia 1 decrease compared to 2 calcium peroxide 1.5 is compared

with 2

-13Table 3 catalytic additives / moles / example no. · 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

5-aminotetrazole. . · 1 1 zinc peroxide 3 3 ammonium nitrate -2.5 - 2.5 vanadium oxide _4xl0 -5

111

3 3

2.5 2.5 2.5

2.5 cerium dioxide 5xIO ' ³

1

3

2.5 2.5 increase over increase in nitrate. Cerium hexahydrate

4x10 ' ³ manganese dioxide

9x10 ⁵ titanium.

2x10 “ ³ iron

1x10 ' ³ is ^. comparable to 2 j® .. comparable to 2 is comparable β £ is comparable to I is comparable to;

magnesium

3x10 ³

-14Current tables · 3 catalytic additives / moles / examples. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 boron 7xlO “3 increase compared to 2

Example 25

Gas charge mixtures described in the examples. 1 to 24 can also be used in compressed form. Mixture. consisting of 10 g of 5-ATZ (proportion H ₂ 0 <0.1 # melting point / decomposition / £ 203 ° 0, grain size 200 to 250 μm), 43.9 g ZnOg / 12.85% by weight. oxygen,. grain size about 14 μm. (and 23.5 g NH 4 NO 2), m.p. 167 DEG-169 DEG C., grain size 315 DEG-250 .mu.m. a molar ratio of 1: 3 to 2.5 5 is mixed as in Example 1 and pressed on a table ty / diameter = 6 mm; height = 2.77 mm, specific weight «2.18 g / cm ^, radial compressive force« 155.5 + 28.4 N / by pressing pressure -4 t. Behavior of the compact during firing. tested as in Example 1, is slower than the behavior of the bulk material and requires 0.1 g B / OO 2 or Ti / ZnO ₂ as the ignition mixture. The reaction rate increases with decreasing compression pressure and decreases with the size of the compression material. The rest of the reactions are kept as much as possible in the form of compacts »

Examples 26 to 32

As described in Example 1, further mixtures were made from gas-producing components and oxygen-supplying components such as zinc peroxide with an active oxygen content of 13.07% by weight. and with an average grain size of 11.8 μm or, in the case of sodium nitrate, with an average grain size of 445 μm.

The following table 4 contains additional information on mixtures *

-15Table 4

folders melting point / ° c / 5-amino- tetrazole 206-208 potassium. 5-amino- tetrazo- lath 269 bis / ami- hoguahi.- din / azo- tetrazole 224-226 nitroguanidine 252 guani dinnitrate 210-214 semikar; - basal trát ..... 115-119 1-cyano- · guanidine 208-210 peroxide zinc 200 / decal!

2.48

0.83 molar ratios of mixtures 26 27 2 8 29 30 31

2.48 10.64 1.42 1.42 0.71 0.83 3.55 0.47 0.47 0.24

4.25

1.42

The components were homogenized in plastic tanks for 1/2 hour using a pendulum mixer, 1/2 hour using a vibrator and again 1/2 hour in a pendulum mixer.

The mixtures thus homogenized were introduced as described in Example 1 into a stainless steel pressure bomb and, after closure, reacted after heating with a hot wire.

- resulting pressure / in bar up to the maximum value

- time / milliseconds, ms / up to the maximum pressure value

- pressure rise gradient / dp / dt / achieved between the pressure, which reaches 40 to 60% of the maximum pressure value. The rise time served as a measure.

. The following table 5 shows the maximum pressure values. / in bar / and the time in ms until the maximum pressure is reached, which are in the range of. was described in Example 1 for a gaseous charge of 5-aminotetrazole and zinc peroxide. Furthermore, a time between 40 and 60 f of maximum pressure was determined.

Table 5 time / ms /

example ó. maximum pressure / in right / up to max. pressure to. 40 - 60% of maximum pressure 26 359 30 1.2 27 217 123 13.1 28 352 29 1.5 29 473 39 1.3 30 549 14 0.2 31 917 7 0.2 32 148 220 20.1

By harmonizing the parameters and admixtures of other components, the necessary preliminary data can be set for which gas batch.

Another sample of the above mixtures was tested co. relates to physical and safety properties. The results are described in Table 6.

Table 6

example C. flash point / ⁰ C / * sensitivity * blast heat / J / g / at friction / N / on strike / J / 26 180 > 360 7.5 2451 27 207 > 360 10 2293 28 197 > 360 4 2411 29 215 > 360 20 2964 30 364 > 360 15 2777 31 210 > 360 2 3128 32 194 > 360 30 2101

^ The determination was carried out by the Bundesanstalt ftir Materialprtifung (BAM) in Berlin.

The components are suitable for the production of gas batches due to their miscibility, processability, compressibility to the given shape as well as their mutual compatibility and compatibility with other additives as well as with regard to their safety and technical characteristics.

Examples 33 to 44

As described in Examples 26-32, the blends of Examples 33-44 were made from zinc peroxide / 12.8% oxygen by weight. average grain size 4.8 .mu.m /, aminotetrazole (average grain size -125 .mu.m), sodium nitrate (grain size 4545 .mu.m) and leaf components with a grain size ^125 .mu.m were produced.

-18Sensitivity to friction, measured by the method. BAM,. was in all cases. 360 N..Additionally listed folders are written in the literature.

The following Tables 7 and 8 provide additional information regarding the mixtures.

Table 7 of the recipe $ wt. molar proportions

example of. 33 5-ATZ .....'....... 29.8 1.4 peroxide-, zinc 23.4 0.75 .......... . · Sodium nitrate .......... . 46.8- .. . .2.2. · ... -. . Example no. M 5-atz. ... '......: 19.5 1.0 d ikyandiami dinni tr át 15.2 0.4 peroxide., zinc 21.5 • 0.75 nitrate 43.8 2.24 example no. 35 5-ATZ. J ..... 18.1 1.0 dicyandiamide sulfate 12.8 0.2 zinc peroxide 19.8 0.75 sodium nitrate 49.3 2.73 example no. 36 5-ATZ .................. 19.5 1.0 1-cyanoguanidine 7.7 0.4 peroxide .zinc 21.4 0.75 sodium 51.4 2.64 Example 37 5-ATZ. 16.9 1.0 melamine 10.0 0.4 zinc peroxide 18.6 0.75 sodium nitrate 54.5 3.22

-19continuation of table 7 of the recipe mass. molar proportions

Example No. 38 5-ATZ azodicarboxylic acid diamide p er o xi d- z Other sodium nitrate 20.2 11.0 22.0 46.6 1.0 0.4 0.75 2.31 example C. 19 5-ATZ ........ ............... 19.6 1.0 cyanuric acid 11.9 0.4 zinc peroxide 21.4 0.75 sodium nitrate ''47, 1 2.41 example C. 40 5-ATZ ....... 22.5 1.0 urea 6.4 0.4 pen xid made of stainless steel 24.7 0.75 * « sodium nitrate 46.4 2.06 • Example 41 5-ATZ 20.2 1.0 office 9.8 0.4 zinc peroxide 22.2 0.75 sodium nitrate 47.8 2.37 example 42 5-ATZ 21.0 1.0 aminoguanidine nitrate 13.5 0.4 zinc peroxide 23.0 0.75 sodium nitrate 42.5 2.03 example 43 5-ATZ 20.5 1 * 0 sodium dicyanamide 3.6 0.4 zinc peroxide 22.5 0.75 sodium nitrate 48.4 2.37

continued table 7 recipes wt. molar shares Example No. 44 5-ATT. 23.9 1.0 sodium cyanate .......... 7.3 0.4 peroxide, zinc 26.2 0.75 ..sodium nitrate ... . .42.6. . 1.79 .....

Table 8 Mixture maids in molar proportions peroxide zinc 5-amino- tetrazole sodium nitrate growth ... -. pressure-gas for the range 40-60 . p / ms /. ^ max ' dicyandiamidine 0.75 1.4 2.2 0.38 nitrate 0.4 0.75 1.0 2.24 0.40 dicyandiamidine sulfate ... .... . ' 1 0.2 0.75 1.0 2.73 1.04 1-cyanoguanidine 0.4 0.75 1.0 2.64 0.36 melamine ...... 0.4 0.75 1.0 3.22 1.16 diamid_azódi- carboxyl acids 0.4 0.75 1.0 2.31 0.36 cyanuric acid 0.4 0.75 1.0 2.41 0.80 urea 0.4 0.75 1.0 2.06 0.40 office 0.4 0.75 1.0 2.37 0.56 amino guanidine nitrate 0.4 0.75 1.0 2.03 0.30 sodium dicyanide amide 0.4 0.75 1.0 2.37 0.36 sodium cyanate 0.4 0.75 1.0 1.79 0.34

Continuation of table 8 components of the mixture r in molar and proportions' / maximum pressure ^from bar / temperature explode / J / g / sensitivity to impact / J / ignition temperature / ° o / example C. .. ............ 683 3258 5 > 400 33 dicyandiamidine. nitrate 0.4 761 3142 6 > 400 34 dicyandiamidine. sulphate. 0.2 656 2883 7.5 395 35 1-cyanoguanidine 0.4 661 3038 10 387 36 melainin .. ..0., 4 652 3187 10 > 400 37 diamid-azodicar-- boxyl acid 706 3191 6 > 400 38 cyanic acid * rova 582 2732 7.5 > 400 39 urea 0.4 654 3053 10. > 400 40 biuret .......-, 0.4 663 2982 7.5 363 41 aminoguanidine • • * nitrate.- ......... 0.4 693 3190 7.5 256 42. . natr iumdikyan- • amide ..... 0.4 486 3226 7.5 326 43 sodium cyanate 0.4 458 3005 10 349 44

PATENT CLAIMS

Claims (11)

A propellant for gas generators consisting of nitrogen-containing compounds comprising a / one or more tetrazole derivatives of the general formula wherein R 1 and R ₂ or R 6 may be the same or different, but is R 8 or R 8 are present with hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, C 2 -C 7 alkenyl, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino, aryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from amino, nitro, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or an arylamino radical in which the aryl radical may be substituted or their sodium, potassium and guanidinium groups may be substituted. salts or that contain b / one or more compounds from the groups A / cyanoic acid derivatives and their salts, B / triazine and triazine derivatives, -23C) ureas, their salts, derivatives and derivatives, and salts thereof, wherein the compounds mentioned under a / a and b) may also be present as mixtures and an oxidizing agent of the peroxide group or of the peroxide group together with oxidizing agents of the nitrate group. , 2. Drive means according to claim 1. .,. that R 6 and R 8 or R 6 may be the same or different, but is either present. R 8 or R 8a represents hydrogen, amino, methyl, phenyl, nitro phenyl or aminophenyl; R 6 is amino, hydroxy or carboxyl, and R 8 or R 6 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl. Drive means according to one of claims 1 or 2 Wherein the tetrazole derivatives comprise 5-aminotetrazole, potassium 5-aainotetrazolate and / or bis (aminoguanidine) azotetrazole as cyanoic acid derivatives include sodium cyanate, cyanuric acid, 1-cyanguanidine, and / or sodium cyanamide, ............ as triazine derivatives include 1,3,5-triazine, cyanuric acid esters and / or cyanuric acid amide (melamine), and / or as urea derivatives include biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidinitrate, aminoguanidine, amino guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarboxylic acid amide , dicyandiamidine nitrate, dicyanamidine sulfate, tetrazene and / or semicarbazide nitrate. Drive means according to one of claims 1 to 4 3, characterized in that ammonium, sodium, potassium, potassium, magnesium, potassium or iron nitrates, preferably sodium nitrate and / or z-24, zinc, calcium, strontium or magnesium nitrates, preferably zinc peroxide, are present. as oxidizing agents. Propellants according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molar ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound / oxidizing agent ranges from 1: 1 to 20. Propellant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molar ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound to the peroxide. zinc is in the range 1: 2 to 5.5%; and nitrogen-containing compounds to calcium peroxide is in the range 1: 3. A propellant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, as additives, lubricants, reducing agents and catalysts are included. A propellant according to claim 7, characterized in that ferrocene is present as the catalyst. 9 · Method of producing propellant for gas ge. repeaters according to one of the preceding claims, -. characterized in that the tetrazole derivative or derivatives of tetrazole and / or this or a compound of groups A /, B / and / or O / are mixed with an oxidizing agent or oxidizing agents and optionally other additives and the mixture is homogenized. 10. The process of claim 9, wherein the propellant is compressed, if necessary, with additives such as graphite, molybdenum sulfide, teflon, talc, zinc stearate or bornitride. . -2511. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the moldings are coated. A method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a defined porosity is formed in the molded part to control the rate of ignition. A life-saving system comprising a propellant according to one of claims 1 to 8.