EP0218991A2 - Dispositif de centrage et de serrage pour objets cylindriques allongés de diamètres différents - Google Patents

Dispositif de centrage et de serrage pour objets cylindriques allongés de diamètres différents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0218991A2
EP0218991A2 EP86113483A EP86113483A EP0218991A2 EP 0218991 A2 EP0218991 A2 EP 0218991A2 EP 86113483 A EP86113483 A EP 86113483A EP 86113483 A EP86113483 A EP 86113483A EP 0218991 A2 EP0218991 A2 EP 0218991A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
centering
clamping
legs
clamping device
round
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86113483A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0218991A3 (en
EP0218991B1 (fr
Inventor
Harro Kröcher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HOMBAK MASCHINENFABRIK GmbH U CO KG
Original Assignee
HOMBAK MASCHINENFABRIK GmbH U CO KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HOMBAK MASCHINENFABRIK GmbH U CO KG filed Critical HOMBAK MASCHINENFABRIK GmbH U CO KG
Publication of EP0218991A2 publication Critical patent/EP0218991A2/fr
Publication of EP0218991A3 publication Critical patent/EP0218991A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0218991B1 publication Critical patent/EP0218991B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B5/00—Clamps
    • B25B5/04—Clamps with pivoted jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B1/00—Vices
    • B25B1/20—Vices for clamping work of special profile, e.g. pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B5/00—Clamps
    • B25B5/14—Clamps for work of special profile
    • B25B5/147—Clamps for work of special profile for pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the automatic mechanical centering and clamping of elongated round bodies of different diameters made of wood, metal or plastic, on which processing is carried out, which are oriented on the central longitudinal axes of the fixedly clamped round body. This can be to equalize the circumference of logs, but also to plan the end faces or chamfer them, for example at pipe ends to prepare welds.
  • a specific example of such a processing is the round milling of the root ends of tree trunks in order to obtain equalized round wood for their easy further processing.
  • Such a device for milling root runs on tree trunks is described in DE-OS 33 06 569, in which the respective fixed tree trunk is encircled at its root end by a milling tool.
  • the tree trunk is supported on two axially arranged support bearings and is clamped in a rotationally fixed manner by a hold-down device that works from above.
  • the two support bearings have a V-shaped support profile that is symmetrical with the vertical centering plane, and they are also height-adjustable. While the alignment of the tree trunks takes place more or less automatically in the vertical centering plane, i.e. in the horizontal direction through the V-shaped support profile of the two support bearings, the height of the two support bearings must be adjusted in the horizontal centering plane be bulled. This can be done visually by eye or - in terms of equipment accordingly more complex - by optical-electronic measuring devices.
  • the invention therefore aims to simplify the centering of round bodies with simultaneous improvement in accuracy and to combine them with the rotationally fixed clamping of the round bodies in one operation.
  • the invention has the object of not only significantly reducing the design effort for the automatic centering of different round bodies, but also to ensure a rotationally fixed clamping of the round body with the centering.
  • the inventive design of the centering device as a collet not only enables the round bodies to be centered quickly and precisely with economically justifiable structural and operational expenditure, but also ensures their non-rotatable clamping with the centering. Since the centering axis lies in the plane of symmetry of the collet, the round bodies are already aligned with the vertical centering plane when they are inserted into the centering device. Their alignment according to the horizontal centering plane takes place during the closing movement of the collet due to the relative sliding of the round bodies on the sliding legs of the two tong arms, whereby they are pushed upwards due to the scissor-like reduction in the opening angle formed by the two sliding legs.
  • the effective flanks of the clamping legs of the two pliers arms are shaped according to the invention in such a concave manner that they act on the circumference of a round body at the moment in which it is raised by the sliding legs just enough that its central longitudinal axis is aligned with the centering axis.
  • the clamping legs engage the round body, the closing movement of the collet and thus also the lifting movement of the round body is stopped. From this moment on, the entire drive force of the collet is only available for the non-rotatable clamping of the round body. Since usually two collets with an axial distance from each other are arranged and the centering is done by each collet regardless of the respective diameter, conical round bodies, as is the case for example with tree trunks, are centered exactly in their longitudinal axis.
  • the concave curvature of the effective flanks of the clamping legs can be determined in a simple manner if, in the clamped state of the round body, the points of application on the sliding legs are assigned the points of attack on the clamping legs in such a way that the associated tangents to one another stand vertically.
  • a support beam 2 On a base frame 1, a support beam 2 is pivotally mounted by means of an axis 3 such that it can be lowered into the position shown in dashed lines.
  • the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 4 is articulated on the support beam 2, the cylinder of which in turn is supported in an articulated manner on the base frame 1.
  • the actual centering device In the area of the free end of the supporting beam 2, the actual centering device is mounted, which according to the invention is designed as a collet 5.
  • the collet 5 is formed by two collet arms 6 and 7, which in turn consist of one actuating part 10 and 11 and one functional part each acting as clamping jaws 8 and 9.
  • the two tong arms 6, 7 are pivoted with their actuating parts 10, 11 on axes 12 and 13, which in turn are attached to the support beam 2.
  • the drive mechanism of the collet 5 consists of a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 14 which articulates on the actuating parts 10, 11 of the two collet arms 6, 7 above their pivot axes 12, 13.
  • the actuating parts 10, 11 of the two gun arms 6, 7 in alignment with their pivot axis 12, 13 are each provided with a toothed segment 16 which, as a synchronization gear 15, ensures a uniform movement of the two gun arms 6, 7.
  • a guide frame 17, which is fastened to the supporting beam 2 and in which the tong arms 6, 7 are slidably guided in the region of their actuating parts 10, 11, serves to axially stabilize the two tong arms 6, 7 on both sides.
  • a stationary stop 18 limits the pivoting movement of the support beam 2 and holds it in the working position of the collet 5 under the action of the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 4.
  • the clamping jaws 8, 9 of the two tong arms 6, 7 each consist of a slide leg 19 and 20 and a respective tension leg 21 and 22.
  • the effective flanks 23 of the slide legs 19, 20 run in a straight line, while the effective flanks 24 of the tension legs 21, 22 are concavely curved and have teeth 25.
  • a horizontally running conveyor device 26 supplies and removes the round bodies K 1 , K 2 , K 3 transversely to the centering axis Z.
  • the collet geometry of a collet 5 is illustrated.
  • Three concentric circles around the centering axis Z as the center point symbolize the circumference of three round bodies K 1 , K 2 , K 3 with the diameters D 1 , D 2 9 D 3 .
  • the round bodies are each in the clamped state, in the middle Longitudinal axes M 1 , M 2 , M 3 coincide with the centering axis Z, which in turn is the intersection line of the horizontal centering plane ZE with the vertical plane of symmetry SE of the collet 5.
  • the horizontal centering plane ZE has a height difference h z from the conveying plane FE.
  • the round bodies K 1 , K 2 , K 3 lie on the conveying plane FE with their circumference during their supply and discharge, as is the case in FIG. 2 for the round bodies K 2 , K 3 by dashed circles K 2 , and K 3 , is indicated.
  • the height differences between their central longitudinal axes M 2 and M 3 on the one hand and the centering axis Z on the other hand are h 2 and h 3 by which they must be raised during the centering process. Since the longitudinal axis of the round body K 1 already lies in the horizontal centering plane ZE in the conveyed state, this represents the round body with the largest possible centerable diameter D 1 .
  • the collet 5 is shown in FIG. 2 in the open starting position, as is the case at the start of each centering process.
  • the effective flanks 23 of the sliding legs 19, 20 form the opening angle ⁇ 0 .
  • the clamping jaws 8, 9 of the two tong arms 6, 7 are moved against each other in the closing direction, the intermeshing toothed segments 16 causing the two tong arms 6, 7 to move synchronously.
  • the closing movement of the tong arms 6, 7 is ended as soon as the effective flanks 24 of the two clamping legs 21, 22 engage the round body K 1 in the point pair P 1 .
  • round bodies Since round bodies generally have a smaller diameter than the maximum centerable diameter D 1 , they must also be aligned according to the horizontal centering plane ZE, as is demonstrated in FIG. 2 for the round bodies K 2 and K 3 .
  • their central longitudinal axes M 2 and M 3 must be raised by the height h 2 and h 3 , respectively, which is done by relative sliding of the round bodies K 2 and K 3 on the effective flanks 23 of the scissor-like sliding legs 19, 20.
  • the longitudinal axis M 2 or M 3 coincides with the centering axis Z, the effective flanks 24 of the two clamping legs 21, 22 engage in the point pairs P 2 or P 3 on the round body K 2 or K 3 .
  • the opening angle of the two sliding legs 19, 20 has here decreased to W 2 and ⁇ 3 , respectively.
  • the connecting lines between the points A and P which are shown as legs of an isosceles trapezoid, then form the diagonals c of squares whose side lengths b are equal to half the diameter D of the respective round bodies K, their lengths according to the laws of elementary geometry each 5 2 ⁇ ⁇ 2 be.
  • the curve point P 'assigned to a specific round body diameter D of a functionally appropriate concave curvature of the effective flank 24 of a clamping leg 21 then results in the following manner:
  • the support point A of the round body K, which is fixed in the clamped state, on the effective flank 23 of the sliding leg 19 is by means of a Swivel axis 12 of the Zan genarmes 8 struck circular arc with the radius r A projected onto the effective flank 23 of the sliding leg 19 in the open starting position, whereby the point A 'is obtained there.
  • This curve construction which is only demonstrated for the round body K 2 in FIG. 2, can be carried out for any number of diameters and thus the curve shape can be constructed with any accuracy.
  • a complete centering device consists of two axially spaced collets 5, in the clamped state the round body K forms all connecting lines between the support points A and the points of application P clamping prisms, the base surfaces of which are in the four perpendicular axes, in the four vertical axes
  • the centering axis Z runs at corner points equally far away.
  • FIG. 3 shows the clamping jaw 8 of a tong arm 6, the concave curve curvature of the effective flank of the clamping leg 21 being approximated by two straight toothed rack sections 27 and 28.
  • a curve shape approximated in this way is justifiable where, on the one hand, the round bodies are not exactly circular and also consist of a relatively soft material, which, for. B. applies regularly to tree trunks.
  • the round body is exactly centered with respect to the axis of rotation of the machining tool with minimal effort and time and at the same time clamped in a rotationally fixed manner for the machining process.
  • the two collets 5 are opened again by actuating the cylinder-piston units 14 and the supporting beams 2 are pivoted down again into their position 2 'shown in dashed lines.
  • the machined round is then started again by the conveyor 26 body removed from the centering and clamping device and at the same time another unprocessed round body supplied to the device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
  • Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
EP86113483A 1985-10-05 1986-10-01 Dispositif de centrage et de serrage pour objets cylindriques allongés de diamètres différents Expired - Lifetime EP0218991B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3535616 1985-10-05
DE19853535616 DE3535616A1 (de) 1985-10-05 1985-10-05 Zentrier- und einspannvorrichtung fuer laengliche rundkoerper unterschiedlicher durchmesser

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0218991A2 true EP0218991A2 (fr) 1987-04-22
EP0218991A3 EP0218991A3 (en) 1988-11-02
EP0218991B1 EP0218991B1 (fr) 1991-06-26

Family

ID=6282859

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86113483A Expired - Lifetime EP0218991B1 (fr) 1985-10-05 1986-10-01 Dispositif de centrage et de serrage pour objets cylindriques allongés de diamètres différents

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4706948A (fr)
EP (1) EP0218991B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1261889A (fr)
DE (2) DE3535616A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI84238C (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10245304B4 (de) * 2001-09-24 2015-06-03 Vermeer Mfg. Co. Schraubstockvorrichtung
WO2014133389A3 (fr) * 2013-03-01 2015-06-11 Itrec B.V. Système et appareil de manutention de matériel tubulaire

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US5081763A (en) * 1989-05-30 1992-01-21 The Boeing Company Automated drilling station
DE4100215A1 (de) * 1991-01-07 1992-07-09 Reichsbahn Ingenieurbuero Fuer Selbsttaetige zentrier- und spannvorrichtung
US5556235A (en) * 1993-10-20 1996-09-17 Cannon Industries, Inc. Rock bolter
US5967888A (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-10-19 Lawhun; Samuel R. Fish hook sharpening holder and method
JP2001287711A (ja) * 2000-04-05 2001-10-16 Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd 電線の集束装置および集束方法
DE20313816U1 (de) 2003-09-05 2003-11-06 Bümach Engineering International B.V., Emmen Mittenspannvorrichtung
US7775966B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-08-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Non-invasive pressure measurement in a fluid adjustable restrictive device
US8066629B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-11-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Apparatus for adjustment and sensing of gastric band pressure
US8016744B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-09-13 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. External pressure-based gastric band adjustment system and method
US7658196B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-02-09 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method for determining implanted device orientation
US7699770B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-04-20 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Device for non-invasive measurement of fluid pressure in an adjustable restriction device
US7927270B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-04-19 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. External mechanical pressure sensor for gastric band pressure measurements
US7775215B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-08-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method for determining implanted device positioning and obtaining pressure data
US8152710B2 (en) 2006-04-06 2012-04-10 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Physiological parameter analysis for an implantable restriction device and a data logger
US8870742B2 (en) 2006-04-06 2014-10-28 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. GUI for an implantable restriction device and a data logger
US8187163B2 (en) 2007-12-10 2012-05-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods for implanting a gastric restriction device
US8100870B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2012-01-24 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Adjustable height gastric restriction devices and methods
US8142452B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2012-03-27 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Controlling pressure in adjustable restriction devices
US8377079B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2013-02-19 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Constant force mechanisms for regulating restriction devices
US8591395B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2013-11-26 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Gastric restriction device data handling devices and methods
US8192350B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2012-06-05 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods and devices for measuring impedance in a gastric restriction system
US8337389B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2012-12-25 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods and devices for diagnosing performance of a gastric restriction system
US7844342B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2010-11-30 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Powering implantable restriction systems using light
US8221439B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2012-07-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Powering implantable restriction systems using kinetic motion
US8114345B2 (en) 2008-02-08 2012-02-14 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method of sterilizing an implantable medical device
US8591532B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2013-11-26 Ethicon Endo-Sugery, Inc. Automatically adjusting band system
US8057492B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2011-11-15 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Automatically adjusting band system with MEMS pump
US8034065B2 (en) 2008-02-26 2011-10-11 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Controlling pressure in adjustable restriction devices
US8187162B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2012-05-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Reorientation port
US8233995B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2012-07-31 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System and method of aligning an implantable antenna
JP5747960B2 (ja) * 2012-09-20 2015-07-15 有限会社田村製作所 丸材クランプ装置
DE102013108895B3 (de) * 2013-08-16 2014-12-24 Rattunde & Co Gmbh Twinspanner und Verfahren zum gleichzeitigen Einspannen von zwei Langprofilabschnitten
WO2015044503A1 (fr) * 2013-09-30 2015-04-02 Motocut Oy Dispositif de coupe et procédé pour traiter un poil
US10828738B2 (en) 2016-07-20 2020-11-10 Grant Prideco, L.P. Milling machine
TWI720329B (zh) * 2018-07-20 2021-03-01 昌鉅機械股份有限公司 木材裁切設備的夾持裝置及木材裁切設備

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US1646115A (en) * 1925-03-25 1927-10-18 John G Sjostrom Veneer lathe
US2428185A (en) * 1944-09-20 1947-09-30 Claude W Wallace Log-gripping and -centering sawmill dog assembly
DE1172028B (de) * 1958-11-17 1964-06-11 Lahden Rautateollisuus Oy Vorrichtung zum Zentrieren von Rundholz fuer Furnierschaelmaschinen
US3392765A (en) * 1958-11-17 1968-07-16 Weyerhaeuser Co Lathe charger
FR1575995A (fr) * 1967-07-11 1969-07-25
CH495198A (de) * 1968-04-24 1970-08-31 Fischer Ag Georg Vorrichtung zum zentrischen Spannen von kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisenden Teilen, beispielsweise Rohren
DE1528338A1 (de) * 1966-03-22 1970-11-26 Schewski Dipl Ing Bernhard Zentrier- und Beschickungseinrichtung fuer Furnierschaelmaschinen
US3643715A (en) * 1970-09-28 1972-02-22 Potlatch Forests Inc Log positioning apparatus
US3665984A (en) * 1970-08-19 1972-05-30 Usnr Forest Ind Inc Log adjusting and aligning device
EP0027224A1 (fr) * 1979-10-11 1981-04-22 Georg Fischer Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de serrage et de centrage pour pièces à usiner
DE3123897A1 (de) * 1981-06-16 1983-01-05 Dango & Dienenthal Maschinenbau GmbH, 5900 Siegen Maschinell betaetigte zange zum greifen runder koerper
FR2541618A1 (fr) * 1983-02-25 1984-08-31 Kombak Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Co Procede et dispositif pour fraiser la naissance des racines sur les grumes

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DE1267933B (de) * 1964-04-04 1968-05-09 Kieserling & Albrecht Vorrichtung zum Einspannen von Werkstuecken wie Stangen oder Rohre
US4211394A (en) * 1979-06-11 1980-07-08 Sampson Harold J Log clamping apparatus
DE2943892A1 (de) * 1979-10-31 1981-05-14 Fichtel & Sachs Ag, 8720 Schweinfurt Spannvorrichtung
DE3306569A1 (de) * 1983-02-25 1984-09-06 Hombak Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co Kg, 6550 Bad Kreuznach Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abfraesen von wurzelanlaeufen an rundholz
DE3409302C2 (de) * 1984-03-14 1986-06-05 Carl Hurth Maschinen- und Zahnradfabrik GmbH & Co, 8000 München Vorrichtung zum Transport von Werkstücken

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1646115A (en) * 1925-03-25 1927-10-18 John G Sjostrom Veneer lathe
US2428185A (en) * 1944-09-20 1947-09-30 Claude W Wallace Log-gripping and -centering sawmill dog assembly
DE1172028B (de) * 1958-11-17 1964-06-11 Lahden Rautateollisuus Oy Vorrichtung zum Zentrieren von Rundholz fuer Furnierschaelmaschinen
US3392765A (en) * 1958-11-17 1968-07-16 Weyerhaeuser Co Lathe charger
DE1528338A1 (de) * 1966-03-22 1970-11-26 Schewski Dipl Ing Bernhard Zentrier- und Beschickungseinrichtung fuer Furnierschaelmaschinen
FR1575995A (fr) * 1967-07-11 1969-07-25
CH495198A (de) * 1968-04-24 1970-08-31 Fischer Ag Georg Vorrichtung zum zentrischen Spannen von kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisenden Teilen, beispielsweise Rohren
US3665984A (en) * 1970-08-19 1972-05-30 Usnr Forest Ind Inc Log adjusting and aligning device
US3643715A (en) * 1970-09-28 1972-02-22 Potlatch Forests Inc Log positioning apparatus
EP0027224A1 (fr) * 1979-10-11 1981-04-22 Georg Fischer Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de serrage et de centrage pour pièces à usiner
DE3123897A1 (de) * 1981-06-16 1983-01-05 Dango & Dienenthal Maschinenbau GmbH, 5900 Siegen Maschinell betaetigte zange zum greifen runder koerper
FR2541618A1 (fr) * 1983-02-25 1984-08-31 Kombak Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Co Procede et dispositif pour fraiser la naissance des racines sur les grumes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10245304B4 (de) * 2001-09-24 2015-06-03 Vermeer Mfg. Co. Schraubstockvorrichtung
WO2014133389A3 (fr) * 2013-03-01 2015-06-11 Itrec B.V. Système et appareil de manutention de matériel tubulaire
US9580979B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2017-02-28 Itrec B.V. Tubulars handling system and apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3535616A1 (de) 1987-04-09
FI84238B (fi) 1991-07-31
US4706948A (en) 1987-11-17
DE3535616C2 (fr) 1990-06-13
FI863689A (fi) 1987-04-06
EP0218991A3 (en) 1988-11-02
CA1261889A (fr) 1989-09-26
EP0218991B1 (fr) 1991-06-26
FI863689A0 (fi) 1986-09-12
FI84238C (fi) 1991-11-11
DE3679958D1 (de) 1991-08-01

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