EP0184786A2 - Dispositif de destruction de billets de banque - Google Patents

Dispositif de destruction de billets de banque Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0184786A2
EP0184786A2 EP85115525A EP85115525A EP0184786A2 EP 0184786 A2 EP0184786 A2 EP 0184786A2 EP 85115525 A EP85115525 A EP 85115525A EP 85115525 A EP85115525 A EP 85115525A EP 0184786 A2 EP0184786 A2 EP 0184786A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
banknotes
cutting
knife
cutting device
disks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85115525A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0184786B2 (fr
EP0184786B1 (fr
EP0184786A3 (en
Inventor
Karl Leuthold
Herbert Maul
Walter Tröger
Alexander Serester
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH
Original Assignee
GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH filed Critical GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH
Priority to AT85115525T priority Critical patent/ATE69179T1/de
Publication of EP0184786A2 publication Critical patent/EP0184786A2/fr
Publication of EP0184786A3 publication Critical patent/EP0184786A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0184786B1 publication Critical patent/EP0184786B1/fr
Publication of EP0184786B2 publication Critical patent/EP0184786B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
    • B02C2018/0061—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents with compacting devices for the disintegrated material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
    • B02C2018/0069—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents with stripping devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for destroying banknotes in a high-speed banknote sorting system, the individual banknotes being taken off the stack in turn in the sorting system, checked according to various criteria and assigned to certain sorting classes depending on the test, and a sorting class being genuine , but no longer fit banknotes, which are fed through a transport system to a cutting device and destroyed by the latter.
  • banknotes which are no longer fit for circulation are destroyed after the check.
  • the banknotes to be destroyed are fed to a first cutting unit by means of a conveyor belt system guided over deflection rollers.
  • This system consisting of two interlocking knife rollers, cuts the banknotes lengthways into narrow strips.
  • the strips are then fed via a funnel to a second cutting unit, which is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the first.
  • the knife rollers of the second system rotate at a slower speed in comparison to the first system, as a result of which the banknote strips are specifically formed in front of the second cutting unit. Due to the traffic jam, the banknote snippets mix and lie transversely, so that they are also cross-cut by the second cutter.
  • the known device has the advantage that the banknote snippets are always cut differently by the arbitrary mixing and transverse laying of the banknote strips in front of the second cutter.
  • the randomness of the chip shape is more pronounced the more the speeds of the two cutting units differ.
  • a reconstruction from the cut banknote snippets is therefore with almost absolute Si security excluded.
  • the knife rollers of the second system have a larger diameter than that of the first system.
  • the dimensioning should also be based on the greatest possible amount of banknotes to be expected, which means that in extreme cases it must also be possible to destroy all banknotes entered in the banknote sorting system. Since such a large number of banknotes to be destroyed occurs only in exceptional cases, the second cutter is oversized for normal operation.
  • the banknote strips are detected irregularly by the second cutting device, as a result of which the cutting process also takes place in an unpredictable manner.
  • this offers the above-mentioned advantage of accidental cutting, it can also lead to annoying side effects.
  • the strips also pass the second cutter in the longitudinal direction and are not cut at all in the process.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a banknote destruction device which has a high throughput in the case of banknotes which are transported quickly, which is of simple construction and requires little maintenance.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to install a cutting device that cuts the material to be cut lengthways and crosswise in a banknote sorting system and thus to destroy the sorted out, unfit banknotes.
  • Such touching cutting devices are well suited as document shredders for small quantities in the office, but cannot be used economically at high speeds, continuous operation and high throughput capacity, because on the one hand a large part of the energy used is converted into heat by the friction of the knife rollers and on the other hand the wear the knife rollers are so high that constant maintenance of this functional unit would be necessary.
  • the chip size of the banknotes is further reduced without additional measures having to be provided for this.
  • the notches of the knife rollers can therefore be made substantially larger for a given chip size than was to be assumed according to the prior art. Since larger notches become less dirty and clogged, this results in a further advantage for use in a system with a high throughput capacity.
  • the cutting unit now operates in a non-contact mode with respect to the knife rollers, the heat development of the cutting device is considerably reduced. This makes continuous operation at high speed possible in the first place. This advantage is of particular importance for continuous operation with a high throughput capacity, since it significantly increases the service life of the cutting device and considerably reduces the wear of the knife rollers, so that the maintenance effort can be reduced to an acceptable level. Finally, the mechanical efficiency of the cutting device is significantly increased, since only a fraction of the drive power is converted unnecessarily into heat and friction. As a result, the entire cutting device can ultimately be made smaller with the same output.
  • the non-contact mode of operation also allows the two knife rollers to engage deeply with one another, thereby achieving a particularly reliable longitudinal cut.
  • an air suction device is connected to the collecting container for the banknote snippets. With their help, air is sucked through the cutting unit into the collecting container, whereby the cutting unit is cleaned and cooled at the same time.
  • additional air guiding means are also provided, which enable targeted air guidance.
  • Another advantage is that the components surrounding the cutting device are kept clean. Small snippets of banknotes, which result from the cutting or tearing process at the inlet of the cutting device, are directed towards the collecting container by the air flow.
  • the stripping and keeping the cutting rollers and the environment clean can be optimized by suitably shaped air baffle plates. Since the area directly in front of the knife rollers is continuously cleaned by the air flow, optical elements, for example a light barrier which registers the correct entry of a banknote to be destroyed, can also be arranged in this area.
  • the frictional heat generated during the cutting or tearing process is also effectively dissipated. Furthermore, the bearings of the knife rollers can be cooled by a targeted air flow.
  • the air flow also swirls the banknote snippets with one another, so that a targeted assembly of a banknote from individual parts becomes impossible.
  • the banknote snippets are finally collected in exchangeable bags. Due to the small snippet and the air-assisted suction, the snippets are well compressed and thus ensure that the waste bags are used efficiently.
  • banknotes are transported to the individual modules via a transport system 30 and conveyed to the respective storage modules by means of branches 31.
  • a separate transport system 32 is available for the banderoles.
  • the module 13 shown in FIG. 2 for the destruction of unfit banknotes comprises, in addition to the banderole transport section 32e and the banknote transport sections 30e and 31b, essentially a switch 83b for discharging the unfit banknotes as well as the cutting device 50 and the collecting container 70 for the banknotes -Snippet.
  • a switch 83b for discharging the unfit banknotes as well as the cutting device 50 and the collecting container 70 for the banknotes -Snippet.
  • the cutting device consists of two intermeshing knife rollers 51, 52 which are rotatably mounted in a housing 53.
  • the knife rollers are set in rotation by a drive unit (not shown in the figure).
  • a guide part 54 is arranged between the transport system 31b and the entry side of the cutting device 50.
  • a funnel 60 adjoins the outlet side of the cutting device and is inserted into a tube approach 61 ends.
  • the guide part 54 and the funnel 60 are each separated from the housing wall of the cutting device by narrow slots 56, 57.
  • the entire cutting device is arranged in a housing 59, which preferably forms a unit with the collecting container housing.
  • the transport system 31b conveys the banknotes through a narrow slot 58 of the housing 59 to the cutting device.
  • the funnel 60 and the tube extension 61 open into the collection container housing 70.
  • a sack 72 serves as the collection container, which is connected to the tube extension 61 by means of a rubber ring 74 or the like.
  • the tube attachment can have a notch or a widening at the lower end.
  • the collecting container housing 70 forms a closed unit with an inlet and an outlet opening 75.
  • the funnel 60 and the tube attachment 61 described above serve as the inlet opening.
  • the outlet opening 75 is connected via a pipe section to an extraction system 78, for example a vacuum pump.
  • One side wall of the housing 70 is designed as an airtight lockable door 77 so that the sack 72 can be changed if necessary.
  • the bag 72 is made of an air-permeable material, similar to a vacuum cleaner, but in which the fragmented banknote snippets are retained. Paper, such as that used for conventional vacuum cleaner bags, has proven to be a suitable material. This embodiment offers the advantage that the collecting bag can be finally destroyed, for example burned, together with the banknote snippets.
  • the banknotes are fed to the banknote destruction module 13 in the direction of the arrow 23.
  • the banknotes that are not to be destroyed pass through this module in the direction of arrow 25. Real, but no longer fit banknotes that are to be destroyed are removed from the transport system 30 by means of the switch 83b and fed to the cutting device 50 via the transport system 31b.
  • the guide part 54 ensures the safe feeding of the banknotes transported at very high speed (10 m / s) between the knife rollers 51, 52.
  • the banknotes are gripped by the knife rollers provided with notches, cut lengthwise and crosswise or torn and leave the cutting device as small snippets.
  • the suction system 78 generates a negative pressure in the interior of the collecting container 70, as a result of which ambient air is sucked in through the funnel 60 in the direction of the arrow 40.
  • the negative pressure is preferably set in such a way that the flow velocity of the air is greater than the velocity of the banknotes transported.
  • the knife rollers and the surrounding components are cooled by the air flow.
  • the cooling of certain components and the stripping of the snippets from the knife rollers can be optimized for the respective conditions by a suitable design of the guide part or by additional air baffle plates.
  • the flow velocity can be increased by deliberately narrowing the flow channel, which further improves the stripping effect.
  • the entire banknote cutting device 50 is continuously cleaned during operation.
  • the air extracted by the vacuum pump 78 can only enter the housing 59 through the slot 58 due to the closed housing 59 surrounding the entire cutting device. This creates a continuous air flow 45 which prevents the escape of dust or small snippets of banknotes which could contaminate the entire banknote sorting system through the entry gap 58.
  • the banknote snippets are swirled together by the air flow 40 in the funnel 60 and finally reach the collecting sack 72 in the collecting container 70.
  • the shredded banknotes are compressed by the small snippet and supported by the air suction and allow a good use of space in the collecting sack. If necessary, the filled collecting bag can be changed after opening door 77.
  • FIG. 3 shows the cutting mechanism with the two intermeshing knife rollers 51, 52.
  • a knife roller in longitudinal section is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the knife rollers running in two bearings 80 can be made from a round material into which ring grooves are milled, so that the cylindrical cutting elements are formed.
  • the knife rollers consist of a plurality of knife disks 84 which are separated from one another by spacer disks 82 and which are arranged on an axle body 81.
  • This embodiment offers the advantage that individual knife disks 84 can be changed if necessary without having to replace the entire knife roller.
  • the width of the knife disks 84 is slightly smaller than that of the spacer disks, so that the knife disks of the second roller 52 do not touch the knife disks of the first roller 51 when they interlock.
  • the spacer disks 82 or the milled portions can be 1.45 mm and the knife disks 84 or the non-milled parts of the roller can be 1.4 mm wide.
  • the cutter disks 84 and spacer disks 82 are firmly connected to one another in the axial direction, so that the distance set by the spacer disks is fixed and cannot be changed during operation.
  • the knife roller also forms a rigid unit when it is built up from individual knife disks and spacer disks.
  • scraper plates 98 are provided, which are each arranged in the gaps between the knife disks.
  • the scraper plates 98 are held in a predetermined position by means of two mandrels 96 fastened to the housing 53.
  • the sheets 98 In the area of the axle body 81, the sheets 98 have a circular recess 99, the opening of which is larger than the diameter of the spacer disks 82, so that the rotation of the knife roller is not impeded by the scraper sheets 98.
  • the thickness of the scraper plates 98 is chosen so small compared to the thickness of the spacer disks 82 that friction can be excluded.
  • the sheets can be 1 mm thick if, as stated above, the spacers are 1.45 mm thick.
  • the sheets 98 possibly remove snippets of banknotes adhering to the knife rollers 51, 52 after the cutting process and thus prevent the snippets from participating in the cutting process again after a full rotation of the knife roller and possibly influencing this negatively or leading to a blockage.
  • the scraper plates 98 are dimensioned such that there is no contact with the knife roller opposite each other.
  • the knife disks 51, 52 are provided with a plurality of notches 90 on their circumference.
  • the notches 90 can be of any design; it is only essential that the edges 92 are sharp-edged and, in connection with the disks of the second knife roller, the banknotes in the transverse direction cut or tear direction. In practice it has been shown that an angle tL of the cutting edges of approximately 90 ° gives very good results.
  • the notches 90 are symmetrical. An example of a symmetrical notch 90 is shown in FIG. 3, in which the notch is semicircular and the depth of which approximately corresponds to the radius of the circle.
  • edges 92 of the notches 90 which cause the cross-cut interact with regions of the knife disks which are arranged on the other knife roller and which have no notches. This is achieved by rotating one knife roller relative to the other by an angle which is half as large as the angle between two successive notches 90. To maintain this relative position to one another, the two knife rollers are rigidly coupled to one another, for example by means of toothed wheels or toothed belts.
  • the cutting device described makes it possible to use the embodiment shown in the figures to cut a banknote into approximately 500 individual snippets approximately 1.5 mm wide and 12 mm long (with a diameter of the knife disks of 63 mm).
  • the proposed cutting device works perfectly even at high speeds of the transported banknotes. In practice, around 40 banknotes per second are cut into small pieces at a speed of 10 m / s. Even when the cutting devices are in continuous operation or when banknotes are destroyed continuously, the heating of the knife rollers is relatively low. Experiments in continuous operation showed that temperatures of 55 ° C are hardly exceeded.
  • the cutting device 50 with the knife rollers 51, 52 and the entire banknote shredding module 13 remain free of dirt and dust even over a longer period of time due to the air suction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Discharge By Other Means (AREA)
EP85115525A 1984-12-07 1985-12-06 Dispositif de destruction de billets de banque Expired - Lifetime EP0184786B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85115525T ATE69179T1 (de) 1984-12-07 1985-12-06 Vorrichtung zum vernichten von banknoten.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3444709A DE3444709C2 (de) 1984-12-07 1984-12-07 Vorrichtung zum Vernichten von Banknoten
DE3444709 1984-12-07

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0184786A2 true EP0184786A2 (fr) 1986-06-18
EP0184786A3 EP0184786A3 (en) 1988-07-27
EP0184786B1 EP0184786B1 (fr) 1991-11-06
EP0184786B2 EP0184786B2 (fr) 1995-03-29

Family

ID=6252177

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85115525A Expired - Lifetime EP0184786B2 (fr) 1984-12-07 1985-12-06 Dispositif de destruction de billets de banque

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US4754933A (fr)
EP (1) EP0184786B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61138546A (fr)
AT (1) ATE69179T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3444709C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES8700966A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA859026B (fr)

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WO1993013859A1 (fr) * 1992-01-20 1993-07-22 Tas Technischer Anlagen Service Gmbh Collecteur de matieres dechiquetees
EP0565112A2 (fr) * 1992-04-10 1993-10-13 GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH Procédé de contrôle de fonctionnement de destructeurs mécaniques de papier
EP0622120A1 (fr) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-02 Kusters Engineering B.V. Destructeur de papiers en particulier pour papiers de valeur
NL1008854C2 (nl) * 1998-04-09 1999-10-12 Syntech Holdings Bv Werkwijze voor het ontwaarden van munten alsmede een dergelijke inrichting.
WO1999052638A1 (fr) * 1998-04-09 1999-10-21 Syntech Holdings B.V. Procede servant a deprecier des pieces de monnaie, dispositifs permettant de mettre ce procede en application et pieces de monnaie depreciees

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US4828188A (en) * 1988-07-08 1989-05-09 Snyder Peter Lloyd Simon Paper shredding device
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US6276621B1 (en) 1999-11-22 2001-08-21 Bell & Howell Mail And Messaging Technologies Company Cutter module with an integrated trim disposal mechanism
GB0214954D0 (en) * 2002-06-28 2002-08-07 Acco Uk Ltd Improvements in feeding mechanisms
DE10229685A1 (de) * 2002-06-26 2004-01-22 Schleicher & Co International Ag Dokumentenvernichter, insbesondere für eine Absauganlage
NL1022257C2 (nl) * 2002-12-24 2004-06-25 Paulina Theodora Gerar Donders Werkwijze voor het analyseren van bankbiljetten.
JP2005177617A (ja) * 2003-12-19 2005-07-07 Toshiba Corp 紙葉類裁断装置
US7104481B2 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-09-12 Innovative Storage Designs, Inc. Combination cabinet and shredder
GB2427838A (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-10 Acco Uk Ltd A shredder including a compactor plate that forms part of a waste bag support mechanism
DE102006042186A1 (de) * 2006-09-08 2008-03-27 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren für die Vernichtung von Banknoten
NL1033116C2 (nl) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-24 Syntech Holdings Bv Inrichting voor het vernietigen van bladmateriaal.
US7828235B2 (en) * 2007-07-13 2010-11-09 Fellowes, Inc. Shredder auto feed system
US8167223B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2012-05-01 Fellowes, Inc. Shredder and auto feed system
US20090095829A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-16 Simon Huang Shredder waste management system
US20090095830A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-16 Simon Huang Shredder waste management system
US20100163661A1 (en) * 2008-12-29 2010-07-01 Tie-Jiun Wang Paper Shredder with a Suction Apparatus for Vacuum Cleaner
US8857749B2 (en) * 2009-10-29 2014-10-14 Bruxx Bone Mills Corporation Dual-cutting bone mill
US9186678B2 (en) 2012-10-15 2015-11-17 Fellowes, Inc. Shredder auto feed system with paper stack separation mechanism
US9409182B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-08-09 Fellowes, Inc. Shredder with paper separation and advancement mechanism
US9669411B2 (en) 2013-09-30 2017-06-06 Fellowes, Inc. Shredder auto feed system
CN106714970B (zh) * 2014-09-24 2021-02-02 苏尔寿管理有限公司 穿孔旋转切割器
DE102016200756A1 (de) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-20 intimus International GmbH Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung

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WO1993013859A1 (fr) * 1992-01-20 1993-07-22 Tas Technischer Anlagen Service Gmbh Collecteur de matieres dechiquetees
EP0565112A2 (fr) * 1992-04-10 1993-10-13 GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH Procédé de contrôle de fonctionnement de destructeurs mécaniques de papier
EP0565112A3 (fr) * 1992-04-10 1994-03-09 Gao Ges Automation Org
US5415355A (en) * 1992-04-10 1995-05-16 Gao Gesellschaft For Automation Und Organisation Mbh Method for functional monitoring of mechanical paper shredders
EP0622120A1 (fr) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-02 Kusters Engineering B.V. Destructeur de papiers en particulier pour papiers de valeur
NL9300706A (nl) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-16 Kusters Engineering Bv Inrichting voor het verkleinen van papier, in het bijzonder waardepapier.
NL1008854C2 (nl) * 1998-04-09 1999-10-12 Syntech Holdings Bv Werkwijze voor het ontwaarden van munten alsmede een dergelijke inrichting.
WO1999052638A1 (fr) * 1998-04-09 1999-10-21 Syntech Holdings B.V. Procede servant a deprecier des pieces de monnaie, dispositifs permettant de mettre ce procede en application et pieces de monnaie depreciees

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0184786B2 (fr) 1995-03-29
ES8700966A1 (es) 1986-12-01
DE3584617D1 (de) 1991-12-12
EP0184786B1 (fr) 1991-11-06
JPH0515507B2 (fr) 1993-03-01
DE3444709C2 (de) 1996-05-30
ES549586A0 (es) 1986-12-01
ZA859026B (en) 1986-07-30
JPS61138546A (ja) 1986-06-26
ATE69179T1 (de) 1991-11-15
US4878626A (en) 1989-11-07
DE3444709A1 (de) 1986-06-12
EP0184786A3 (en) 1988-07-27
US4754933A (en) 1988-07-05

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