EP0160308B1 - Rabattant de talon - Google Patents

Rabattant de talon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0160308B1
EP0160308B1 EP85105346A EP85105346A EP0160308B1 EP 0160308 B1 EP0160308 B1 EP 0160308B1 EP 85105346 A EP85105346 A EP 85105346A EP 85105346 A EP85105346 A EP 85105346A EP 0160308 B1 EP0160308 B1 EP 0160308B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clamp
release lever
projection
lug
lever
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85105346A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0160308A2 (fr
EP0160308A3 (en
Inventor
Friedirich Leichtfried
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TMC Corp
Original Assignee
TMC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TMC Corp filed Critical TMC Corp
Publication of EP0160308A2 publication Critical patent/EP0160308A2/fr
Publication of EP0160308A3 publication Critical patent/EP0160308A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0160308B1 publication Critical patent/EP0160308B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/084—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/0847—Details of the manual release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/084—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/0841—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a single jaw
    • A63C9/0842—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a single jaw the jaw pivoting on the body or base about a transverse axis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/084—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/0846—Details of the release or step-in mechanism

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heel holder, as specified in the first part of claim 1 or 3.
  • FR-B-2 116 767 An embodiment similar to the heel holder treated at the beginning is described in FR-B-2 116 767.
  • This version has a bearing block, in the upper area of which a pivot axis for a binding housing with hold-down device and step spur is arranged.
  • a further pivot axis is provided for a two-part control lever, which bears against a control element of the binding housing and is under the influence of a release spring which can be adjusted in its preload.
  • the trigger spring is supported on the control lever by a U-shaped spring abutment, which is articulated with its two legs to the two parts of the control lever by means of semi-axles.
  • the two semiaxes penetrate circular-shaped elongated holes in the side walls of the pedestal and carry the legs of a U-shaped, one-armed release lever at the protruding ends, which is supported on the approaches of the pedestal.
  • the main disadvantage of this design is that the skier has to bend down to open the heel holder, since opening can only be achieved by pulling on a rope.
  • the trigger spring the other end of which is anchored to the bearing block, is not only compressed, but also bent, which is an additional work and is perceived as unpleasant by weak skiers.
  • DE-A1-3332972 describes a heel holder with a base plate and a bearing block which is mounted on the side and can be swung out laterally and in which a binding housing with a hold-down device and a step spur is pivotably mounted.
  • the pivot axis for the binding housing is in the lower region of the pedestal, according to the preamble of claim 1 this pivot axis should be arranged in the upper region.
  • the pivot axis for the control lever is in the binding housing, whereas in the subject of the invention this pivot axis is arranged in the bearing block.
  • control element in the known embodiment must also be arranged on the bearing block and not, as in the case of the subject matter of the invention, on the binding housing.
  • release lever in the known construction has one arm, which results in systematically different force or torque transmission ratios from the subject matter of the invention.
  • EP-A1-118 758 describes a heel holder similar to the first embodiment, in which the binding housing is mounted in the lower region of the bearing block and the control lever is articulated on the binding housing and is supported on a control curve of the bearing block.
  • the release lever engages in the spring housing via a bolt, the entire spring housing being pivoted upward about its pivot axis by pivoting the release lever up.
  • This swiveling up can only take place when the slide acted upon by the release spring releases from the catch of the control lever against the force of the release spring.
  • the binding housing can pivot freely upwards and release the ski boot.
  • the release of the ski boot can also be promoted by using an opening spring which urges the binding housing into its open position.
  • the trigger lever is mounted on the same axis as the control lever. This known solution therefore differs from the considered state of the art solely on the basis of this difference.
  • the heel holder described in AT-B-374 698 already differs from the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 or 2 in that the two-armed trigger lever is mounted in the bearing block and not in the control lever. In addition, this trigger does not correspond to the classifying features of claim 1.
  • DE-U-7 147 822 also describes a heel holder which has a housing-like bearing block in which a release lever and a sole holder support piece which is held in the closed position by locking means are articulated. Furthermore, a pivot lever is accommodated in the bearing block, which is connected to the sole holder piece via an elongated hole and an axle bolt and which is acted upon by a tension spring.
  • This construction is fundamentally different from the heel holder according to the invention, since it lacks both a control lever and a control element assigned to it.
  • a sole holder is pivotally mounted in a bearing block which is adjustable in the longitudinal direction of the ski and which is attached to it Back carries a flat guide surface for a role.
  • This is mounted in a telescopic, a compression spring holding member which can be pivoted about an axis fixed in the bearing block.
  • the invention aims to eliminate the disadvantages of the known constructions and to provide a heel holder which can be easily opened by pressure and in which the power transmission from the release lever to the binding housing is fully effective until the elastic limit is exceeded. Furthermore, the possibility is to be created to also be able to use the release lever, which is present anyway, to close the binding housing. This measure is particularly advantageous for the fitter when adjusting the heel holder on the respective ski boot, but also for the user if he has the heel holder, e.g. B. for transportation, arbitrarily wants to close by hand.
  • the features of claim 2 determine the position of the release lever in the open state of the heel holder according to the first embodiment and by the features of claim 6 according to the second embodiment in a particularly simple manner.
  • the features of claim 4 define a defined position in the driving position of the heel holder for the second embodiment of the release lever. Furthermore, these features also take into account the changed lever ratios, which result from the pivoting movement of the control lever and thus from the shifting of the position of the pivot axis of the trigger lever during an arbitrary triggering process, in a structurally particularly simple manner.
  • the features of claim 5 ensure easy closing of the open heel holder by manual operation.
  • the solution according to the invention for both embodiments is intended to prevent damage to the control lever even if the trigger lever is pivoted under the use of force.
  • the axis of the release lever is immovably arranged in the control lever. If the heel holder is opened arbitrarily, which is very common in practice and is sometimes carried out by depressing the release lever with the other ski, the release force component in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the release lever may damage the control lever.
  • elongated holes are cut out in the control lever and in the release lever, which intersect and are penetrated by a bolt which is fastened in a sliding block acted upon by a detent spring.
  • this pin serves to pivot the control lever against the force of the release spring by means of the release lever which can be pivoted about an axis mounted in the bearing block. In this case, too, the pin does not form the pivot axis of the release lever.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show vertical longitudinal central sections through a first embodiment in the driving position and in the open position.
  • 3-5 show a second embodiment in the vertical longitudinal center section in the driving position, in the central position of the release lever, in which the control lever touches the release point, and in the end position of the release lever.
  • the heel holder shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is designated by 1 in its entirety. It has a base plate 2, which has a bend 2a at its end facing the ski boot, which bends a control cam for lateral triggering.
  • On the base plate 2 is an approximately housing-shaped bearing block 3 on a vertical Axis 4 pivotally mounted. This bracket 3 engages with an offset 3a arranged on its base in a slot 2b of the base plate 2 and is prevented from moving perpendicularly to the base plate by a cover plate 5 attached to the base plate. In this way, the bearing block 3 cannot be lifted off the base plate 2 at its end adjacent to the ski boot.
  • a transverse pivot axis 6 is arranged in the upper boundary wall of the bearing bracket 3, on which a binding housing 7, which carries a hold-down device 8 and a step spur 9 at its front end, is pivotably mounted.
  • a downwardly open, cross-sectionally rectangular groove 7a is formed, in which a roller 10 is mounted on an axis 10a, which roller is assigned to the control curve on the bend 2a of the base plate 2.
  • the front boundary wall carries a control cam (7b, 7c), which consists of an upper branch 7b and a lower branch 7c, which branches meet at the release point of the heel holder 1.
  • control lever 12 In the lower region of the side walls of the bearing block 3 on the side facing the ski boot there is a second axis 11 on which a control lever 12 is pivotably mounted.
  • the control lever 12 has a nose 12a on its side facing the ski boot, which nose is intended to rest against the control curve 7b, 7c.
  • a groove running in the transverse direction, with a segment-shaped or semicircular cross-section, is recessed, in which a pressure piece 13 is pivotably mounted.
  • a release spring 14 the other end of which is supported on a spring plate 15, which at the same time forms a pointer for the magnitude of the preload of the release spring and can be adjusted in the direction of the axis of the release spring 14 by means of an adjusting screw 16.
  • the adjusting screw 16 is rotatable in the bearing block 3, but is secured against axial displacement.
  • the pointer of the spring plate 15 is guided in a slot 3b of the bearing block 3 and in this way secures the spring plate 15 against rotation.
  • the control lever 12 has an elongated hole 12b which runs approximately radially to its pivot axis 11 and through which an axis 17 passes, which also passes through elongated holes 3c in the side walls of the bearing block 3 and on which a release lever 18 is fastened is.
  • the release lever 18 is - seen in the longitudinal direction of the ski - essentially U-shaped, the two legs mounted on the axis 17 being guided in slots in the binding housing 7 running in the longitudinal direction of the ski.
  • the end 18a of the load arm of each leg of the release lever 18 is approximately hook-shaped and forms a first projection 18a with which it engages under a shoulder 7d of the binding housing 7.
  • the release lever 18 also carries a second projection 18b, which in the driving position bears against the extension of the extension 7d of the binding housing 7. This defines the position of the release lever 18 in the closed position of the binding housing 7.
  • the shoulder 7d of the binding housing bears against the second projection 18b of the release lever 18.
  • the binding housing 7 Since the release lever 18 is supported on the one hand on the pivot axis 6 and on the other hand on the control lever 12 acted upon by the release spring 14, the binding housing 7 is secured against further opening because, in order to bring about a further pivoting, the force of the release spring 14 would have to be overcome. Of course, the resistance to further opening of the binding housing 7 increases with an increase in the set release force.
  • the nose 12a of the control lever 12 initially slides over the upper branch 7b to the intersection of the two branches 7b, 7c, which defines the release point. The nose 12a then moves along the lower branch 7c, this movement being supported by the release spring 14.
  • the release lever 18 is pivoted clockwise.
  • the binding housing 7 is raised by means of the first projection 18a of the load arm of the release lever 18 which engages under it until the lug 12a of the control lever 12 has passed the release point of the control curve formed by the two branches 7b and 7c. Then the heel holder 1 opens automatically under the influence of the release spring 14.
  • the embodiment 1 'of a heel holder shown in FIGS. 3-5 is very similar to the first. It differs from this only in that the binding housing 7 'carries on each side not one but a pair of lugs 7'd and 7'e which protrude into the slots in which the legs of the release lever 18' during their pivoting movement are led.
  • the release lever 18 ' carries on each leg an approximately perpendicular to its longitudinal axis projection 18'a, which projects between each of the pairs of lugs 7'd, 7'e of the binding housing 7'.
  • the process in the involuntary triggering corresponds to that in the first embodiment.
  • the arbitrary release of the heel holder 1 ' is somewhat different.
  • the upper shoulder 7'd lies on the top 18'b of the projection 18'a (see FIG. 3). If the release lever 18 'is now pivoted clockwise (see FIG. 4), the binding housing 7' is raised by the projection 18'a until the release point, ie the intersection of the branches 7'b and 7'c of the control curve, has just been exceeded. From At this point, the upper shoulder 7'd of the binding housing 7 'moves away from the upper side 18'b of the projection 18'a of the release lever 18', and the lower shoulder 7'e of the binding housing 7 'comes into contact with a control curve 18'.

Landscapes

  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Rabattant de talon (1) comportant une plaque de base (2), qui est fixée sur le ski ou qui est disposée en pouvant coulisser dans la direction longitudinale du ski sur un rail de guidage fixé sur le ski et être fixée sur ce rail, et, logée sur la plaque de base (2), une selle d'appui (3) qui comporte, dans sa zone supérieure, un axe de pivotement (6) pour un boîtier (7) de liaison avec étrier (8) d'abaissement et éperon (9) d'appui et, dans sa zone inférieure, un autre axe de pivotement (11) destiné à un levier de manoeuvre (12), levier de manoeuvre (12) qui repose sur un élément (7b, 7c) de commande du boîtier de liaison (7) et qui est soumis à l'influence d'un ressort de déclenchement (14) réglable en tension au préalable, un levier de déclenchement (18) à deux bras, dont le bras de charge, en forme de crochet dans sa zone d'extrémité, constitue une première saillie (18a) et agit à l'aide de celle-ci sur un appendice (7d) du boîtier (7) de liaison, étant articulé sur le levier de commande (12), caractérisé en ce que l'appendice (7d) est formé directement sur le côté arrière de la zone avant, portant l'étrier d'abaissement (8), du boîtier de liaison (7), l'appendice (7d) présentant une partie inférieure, constituant' une butée, et une prolongation dirigée vers le haut et vers l'avant, en ce que le levier de déclenchement (18) - vu dans la direction longitudinale du ski - présente sensiblement une structure en forme de U et que, considérées dans la position de marche du rabattant de talon (1), les deux branches résultant de la forme en U de son bras de charge viennent en contact depuis le bas avec la première saillie correspondante (18a) sur la partie inférieure, qui constitue la butée, de l'appendice (7d) du boîtier de liaison (7), et sont appuyées d'autre part respectivement par une deuxième saillie (18b) sur la prolongation de l'appendice (7d) du boîtier (7) de liaison, la deuxième saillie (18b) de chacune de ces branches étant distante dans la direction de la hauteur, vers le haut, de la première saillie (18a) correspondante, et en ce que la selle d'appui (3) peut éventuellement pivoter vers l'extérieur latéralement par rapport à la plaque de base (2) (Fig. 1).
2. Rabattant de talon selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le levier de déclenchement (18), considéré dans l'état ouvert du rabattant (1), est appuyé sur l'appendice (7d) du boîtier (7) de liaison à partir de l'arrière à l'aide de la deuxième saillie (18b) de chaque branche de son bras de charge et sur l'axe de pivotement (6) du boîtier de liaison (7) par son bras de force (Fig. 2).
3. Rabattant de talon (1 comportant une plaque de base (2), qui est fixée sur le ski ou qui est disposée en pouvant coulisser dans la direction longitudinale du ski sur un rail de guidage fixé sur le ski et être fixée sur ce rail, et, logée sur la plaque de base (2), une selle d'appui (3) qui comporte, dans sa zone supérieure, un axe de pivotement (6) pour un boîtier (7') de liaison avec étrier (8) d'abaissement et éperon (9) d'appui et, dans sa zone inférieure, un autre axe de pivotement (11) destiné à un levier de manoeuvre (12), levier de manoeuvre (12) qui repose sur un élément (7'b, 7'c) de commande du boîtier de liaison (7') et qui est soumis à l'influence d'un ressort de déclenchement (14) réglable en tension au préalable, un levier de déclenchement (18') à deux bras, dont le bras de charge, en forme de crochet dans sa zone d'extrémité, constitue une première saillie (18'a) et agit à l'aide de celle-ci sur un appendice (7'd) du boîtier (7') de liaison, étant articulé sur le levier de commande (12), caractérisé en ce qu'est disposée directement sur la zone avant, portant l'étrier d'abaissement (8), du boîtier (7') de liaison, sur chaque côté, une paire d'appendices (7'd, 7'e) qui, considérés en direction de la hauteur, sont situés à une distance l'un de l'autre et constituent donc respectivement un appendice supérieur (7'd) et un appendice inférieur (7'e), en ce que le levier de déclenchement (18'), considéré dans la direction longitudinale du ski, présente sensiblement une forme de U, et en ce que chaque branche résultant de la forme en U présente dans la zone de son extrémité libre une saillie (18'a), qui fait saillie sur le boîtier de liaison (7') à l'intérieur de la paire correspondante d'appendices (7'd, 7'e) (Fig. 3-5).
4. Rabattant de talon selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque saillie (18'a) du levier de déclenchement (18') - considérée dans la direction transversale du ski - possède à peu près la forme d'un angle droit, dont la partie supérieure (18'b) est située, dans la position de marche du rabattant de talon (1'), sur le côté inférieur de l'appendice supérieur (7'd) qui lui correspond et saisit celui-ci par le dessous en vue d'une ouverture volontaire de l'étrier (8) (Fig. 3 et 4).
5. Rabattant de talon selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au-dessous de chaque saillie (18'a) du levier de déclenchement (18') est respectivement disposée une came de commande (18'd) qui, dans la position ouverte du rabattant de talon (1'), constitue, en commun avec le côté inférieur (18'c) des saillies individuelles (18'a) du levier de déclenchement (18'), respectivement un emplacement de réception pour les deux appendices inférieurs (7'e) du boîtier (7') de liaison (Fig. 5).
6. Rabattant de talon selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'état ouvert du rabattant de talon (1'), le levier de déclenchement (18') repose d'une part sur l'axe de pivotement (6) du boîtier (7') de liaison et qu'il est d'autre part maintenu appliqué en position par l'appendice inférieur (7'e) du boîtier de liaison (7') (Fig. 5).
7. Rabattant de talon selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'axe de pivotement (17) du levier de déclenchement (18,18') est guidé d'une part dans un trou longitudinal (12b), de tracé à peu près radial par rapport à l'axe de pivotement (11) du levier de déclenchement (12), et d'autre part dans deux trous longitudinaux en forme d'arcs (3a), qui sont ménagés dans les parois latérales de la selle d'appui (3), et qui possèdent leur point médian respectivement dans la ligne médiane de l'axe de pivotement (11) du levier de commande (12) (Fig. 1-5).
EP85105346A 1984-05-04 1985-05-02 Rabattant de talon Expired - Lifetime EP0160308B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0148084A AT379755B (de) 1984-05-04 1984-05-04 Fersenhalter
AT1480/84 1984-05-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0160308A2 EP0160308A2 (fr) 1985-11-06
EP0160308A3 EP0160308A3 (en) 1987-03-25
EP0160308B1 true EP0160308B1 (fr) 1990-01-31

Family

ID=3514806

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85105346A Expired - Lifetime EP0160308B1 (fr) 1984-05-04 1985-05-02 Rabattant de talon

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4625991A (fr)
EP (1) EP0160308B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6116757A (fr)
AT (1) AT379755B (fr)
DE (1) DE3575675D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT383749B (de) * 1985-10-03 1987-08-10 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Sicherheitsskibindung
AT383960B (de) * 1985-10-03 1987-09-10 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Sicherheitsskibindung
FR2669236B1 (fr) * 1990-11-15 1993-01-22 Salomon Sa Fixation de securite de ski alpin.
FR2742061B1 (fr) * 1995-12-08 1998-02-06 Look Fixations Sa Dispositif de retenue d'une chaussure a une planche de glisse telle qu'un ski ou similaire
US7318598B2 (en) * 2003-02-18 2008-01-15 Kneebinding Inc. Alpine ski binding heel unit
FR2975604A1 (fr) * 2011-05-27 2012-11-30 Rossignol Sa Talonniere de fixation de securite pour chaussure de ski

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7147822U (de) * 1975-02-13 Axthammer L Absatzhaltevorrichtung für Sicherheits-Skibindungen mit einem geschlossenen Gehäuse
FR1485708A (fr) * 1966-05-11 1967-06-23 Applic Des Plastiques Et Produ Attache de sécurité à enclenchement et déclenchement automatiques pour ski
FR2093056A5 (fr) * 1970-06-01 1972-01-28 Salomon Georges P J
FR2116767A5 (fr) * 1970-12-07 1972-07-21 Carpano & Pons
AT305843B (de) * 1971-05-26 1973-03-12 Smolka & Co Wiener Metall Skibindung
AT327068B (de) * 1973-10-04 1976-01-12 Smolka & Co Wiener Metall Sicherheitsskibindung
AT330630B (de) * 1974-03-29 1976-07-12 Smolka & Co Wiener Metall Skibindung
JPS5848274B2 (ja) * 1975-12-27 1983-10-27 岡部株式会社 スタツドヨウセツホウホウ
FR2338060A1 (fr) * 1976-01-16 1977-08-12 Salomon & Fils F Fixation de securite a dechaussage manuel
DE2628748A1 (de) * 1976-06-25 1977-12-29 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Sicherheitsskibindung
AT358445B (de) * 1978-01-05 1980-09-10 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Backen fuer sicherheitsskibindungen
JPS5848274U (ja) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-01 株式会社マイルド スキ−用ビンデイングのヒ−ルピ−ス
AT374698B (de) * 1982-09-22 1984-05-25 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Fersenniederhalter
AT375267B (de) * 1982-09-22 1984-07-25 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Fersenniederhalter
EP0118758B1 (fr) * 1983-02-16 1986-05-28 Tmc Corporation Fixation de ski de sécurité

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA148084A (de) 1985-07-15
DE3575675D1 (de) 1990-03-08
EP0160308A2 (fr) 1985-11-06
US4625991A (en) 1986-12-02
AT379755B (de) 1986-02-25
JPS6116757A (ja) 1986-01-24
JPH0566156B2 (fr) 1993-09-21
EP0160308A3 (en) 1987-03-25

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