EP0144922A2 - Schmiermittel - Google Patents

Schmiermittel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0144922A2
EP0144922A2 EP84114499A EP84114499A EP0144922A2 EP 0144922 A2 EP0144922 A2 EP 0144922A2 EP 84114499 A EP84114499 A EP 84114499A EP 84114499 A EP84114499 A EP 84114499A EP 0144922 A2 EP0144922 A2 EP 0144922A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
propylene oxide
stroke
fuels
lubricants
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84114499A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0144922A3 (en
EP0144922B1 (de
Inventor
Manfred Dr. Wildersohn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mineraloelwerke Wenzel und Weidmann Zweigniederla
Original Assignee
Mineralolwerke Wenzel und Weidmann Zweigniederlassung Der Fuchs Mineralolwerke Mannheim GmbH
Wenzel and Weidmann GmbH
UK-Mineralolwerke Wenzel and Weidmann GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mineralolwerke Wenzel und Weidmann Zweigniederlassung Der Fuchs Mineralolwerke Mannheim GmbH, Wenzel and Weidmann GmbH, UK-Mineralolwerke Wenzel and Weidmann GmbH filed Critical Mineralolwerke Wenzel und Weidmann Zweigniederlassung Der Fuchs Mineralolwerke Mannheim GmbH
Priority to AT84114499T priority Critical patent/ATE60081T1/de
Publication of EP0144922A2 publication Critical patent/EP0144922A2/de
Publication of EP0144922A3 publication Critical patent/EP0144922A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0144922B1 publication Critical patent/EP0144922B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
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    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
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    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/14—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond containing sulfur
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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
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    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
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    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
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    • C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/065—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/26—Two-strokes or two-cycle engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four

Definitions

  • the invention relates to lubricants based on polyol for two-stroke, four-stroke and rotary piston engines when operated with fuels containing alcohol (s) and / or nitroalkane (s) and / or propylene oxide, the lubricant being added to the fuels and / or itself is in a separate lubricant circuit and the polyols consist of at least 40 mol% of propylene oxide units.
  • Lubricants with additions of polyols in engines that are operated with conventional hydrocarbon-based fuels are known.
  • DE-AS 17 94 133 describes lubricating oils which contain 0.01-5% by weight of a polyol which contains 10-40% by weight of ethylene oxide units.
  • Another component of the lubricants described in this document are oil-soluble substituted succinic acid compounds.
  • DE-PS 22 20 338 discloses water-soluble lubricants as metalworking and hydraulic fluids which consist of a relatively large mixing block made up of statistically distributed ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units.
  • DE-OS 23 45 540 describes lubricants for closed refrigerant circuits containing refrigerant, which consist of polyglycols.
  • the connecting rod plain bearings, roller bearings, in the crank mechanism and in the cam drive in two-stroke, four-stroke and rotary piston engines, in which fuel and lubricant are mixed, are lubricated by the oil coming in from the combustion chamber via the fuel.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a lubricant that meets the requirements in this field. It has been surprising for the operation of two-stroke, four-stroke and rotary piston engines with fuels that contain alcohol (s) and / or nitroalkane (s) and / or propylene oxide, the lubricant being added to the fuels and / or being in a separate lubricant circuit , excellent polyol-based lubricants found, characterized, that the polyol (s) consists of more than 40 mol% propylene oxide units and is contained in an amount of 0.2-20 parts by volume per 100 parts by volume of fuel with the lubricant circuit not separated and one Contain an additive which contains as components at least one thermally stable, ash-free detergent consisting of nitrogen-containing organic compounds, at least one wear protection additive and at least one rust and at least one corrosion inhibitor.
  • Lubricants for two-stroke, four-stroke and rotary piston engines operated with mixed fuel (lubricant contained in the fuel) as well as four-stroke and rotary piston engines with a separate lubricant circuit are subject to numerous requirements. This includes perfect solubility in the fuel, certain viscosities depending on the temperature, good wear protection behavior, maintaining the cleanliness of the combustion chamber, avoiding sticking of the outlet slots, good corrosion protection, no gumming and varnishing, no bridging of spark plugs, no deposits in ring grooves and piston crowns , Freedom of movement of the piston rings, sufficient lubricating effect with the addition of usual amounts of lubricant and self-miscibility with the fuel.
  • Polyester lubricants e.g. Polyester lubricants, polyol ethers and polyols.
  • Numerous polyols are commercially available products, e.g. Polyols which are composed of polyethylene oxide, of mixtures of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, of mixtures of the oxides mentioned with further olefin oxides, of polypropylene oxide and etherified and partially etherified polyols.
  • Reaction products by reacting alkyl succinic anhydride with polyamines, benzylamine derivatives, etc. be used.
  • Suitable wear protection components are e.g.
  • Suitable anti-rust components are e.g.
  • Suitable corrosion inhibitors are e.g.
  • the lubricants according to the invention and comparative lubricants were tested on particularly highly stressed two-stroke engines, four-stroke and rotary piston engines operated with methanol and ethanol fuels.
  • Pure methanol was used as fuel, undistilled technical. Methanol (raw methanol), 95% ethanol and pure ethanol, ethanol / gasoline and methanol / gasoline as well as methanol / nitromethane or nitroethane, ethanol / nitromethane or nitroethane, methanol / nitromethane / propylene oxide, methanol / gasoline, propylene oxide, methanol / gasoline / Nitromethane, methanol / gasoline / nitromethane / propy lenoxide and ethanol / gasoline / nitromethane / propylene oxide. Other ingredients were additives, small amounts of water or small amounts of ethers and hydrocarbons. The ratio of lubricants to fuel was 1:16, 1:40 and 1:50.
  • Table 1 The test results are summarized in Table 1. In all tests, 2.8% by weight of an additive which contained the above-mentioned components was added to the lubricant.
  • Table 2 shows results obtained with polyglycols from propylene oxide units of different viscosities.
  • Viscosities at 50 ° C are given.
  • the samples examined contained 2.8 and 3.4% by weight of an additive which contained the components indicated above.
  • Table 3 shows the cold behavior when standing for 10 hours with regard to precipitations.
  • the samples contained 3.4% by weight of additive.
  • Table 4 shows the cold behavior when standing for 10 hours with the addition of 10% by volume of ethanol.
  • the amount of additive was 3.4% by weight.
  • Table 2 shows that the lubricants based on propylene oxide provide perfect results even with different viscosities. Less satisfactory results occur only in the case of viscosity 240.
  • Table 3 shows that in the case of viscosity 40 from - 15 ° C a slight turbidity occurs when standing for 10 hours, in the case of viscosities 80 and 140 only at - 20 ° C. If an additional 10% by weight of ethanol is added to the lubricant, the clouding does not occur in all cases (Tab. 4). The same was found with 10% additions of methanol, isopropanol and n-butanol. The investigations make it clear that the lubricants according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for the operation of two-stroke, four-stroke and rotary piston engines with alcohol fuels to which the lubricant has been added or a separate lubricant circuit is present.

Abstract

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Schmiermittel auf Polyolbasis für Zweitakt-, Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren bei Betrieb derselben mit Kraftstoffen, die Alkohol(e) und/ oder Nitroalkan(e) und/oder Propylenoxid enthalten, wobei das Schmiermittel den Kraftstoffen zugesetzt ist und/oder sich in einem getrennten Schmiermittelkreislauf befindet und wobei die Polyole zu mindestens 40 Mol.-% aus Propylenoxideinheiten bestehen.

Description

  • Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Schmiermittel auf Polyolbasis für Zweitakt-, Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren bei Betrieb derselben mit Kraftstoffen, die Alkohol(e) und/oder Nitroalkan(e) und/oder Propylenoxid enthalten, wobei das Schmiermittel den Kraftstoffen zugesetzt ist und/oder sich in einem getrennten Schmiermittelkreislauf befindet und wobei die Polyole zu mindestens 40 Mol.% aus Propylenoxideinheiten bestehen.
  • Schmierstoffe mit Zusätzen von Polyolen in Motoren, die mit üblichen Kraftstoffen auf Kohlenwasserstoffbasis betrieben werden, sind bekannt. So werden in der DE-AS 17 94 133 Schmieröle beschrieben, die 0,01 - 5 Gew.% eines Polyols enthalten, das zu 10 - 40 Gew.% Ethylenoxideinheiten enthält. Ein weiterer Bestandteil der in dieser Schrift beschriebenen Schmierstoffe sind öllösliche substituierte Bernsteinsäureverbindungen.
  • In DE-PS 22 20 338 werden wasserlösliche Schmiermittel als Metallbearbeitungs- und Hydraulik-Flüssigkeiten offenbart, die aus einem relativ großen Mischblock aus statistisch verteilten Ethylenoxid- und Propylenoxideinheiten bestehen.
  • In DE-OS 23 45 540 werden Schmiermittel für geschlossene ein Kältemittel enthaltende Kältekreisläufe beschrieben, die aus Polyglykolen bestehen.
  • Zufriedenstellende Schmiermittel für Zweitaktmotoren, die mit Kraftstoffen betrieben werden, die Alkohol(e) und/oder Nitroalkan(e) und/oder Propylenoxid enthalten, sind zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt nicht bekannt, obgleich durch die in vielen Ländern durchgeführten Entwicklungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiet alkoholhaltiger Kraftstoffe zunehmend ein Bedarf an zuverlässigen Schmiermitteln für mit solchen Kraftstoffen betriebene Motoren besteht. Auch für Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren, die mit Alkohole enthaltenden Mischungskraftstoffen in Analogie zu Zweitaktmotoren betrieben werden sowie für Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren mit getrenntem Schmierkreislauf, wobei jedoch Mischbarkeit des Schmiermittels mit dem Kraftstoff vorliegt, sind bisher geeignete Schmiermittel nicht bekannt. Die Schmierung der Pleuelgleitlager, Wälzlager, im Kurbeltrieb und im Nockentrieb in Zweitakt-, Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren, in denen Kraftstoff und Schmiermittel gemischt sind, erfolgt über das aus dem Brennraum kommende über den Kraftstoff eingebrachte öl. Blow-by-Gase bei Fahrweise mit getrennten Schmiermittelkreislauf, die mit dem öl in Berührung kommen, führen bei Einsatz von Rizinusöl und unlegierten Syntheseölen als Schmiermittel zu Korrosion im Kurbelgehäuse. Auch Esteröle wirken nicht zufriedenstellend infolge der Bildung von Ablagerungen am Kolben und Korrosion an Messingteilen der Kugellager und der Bronzelager am Pleuel.
  • Wie allgemein bekannt ist, werden aufwendige Untersuchungen durchgeführt zumindest teilweise Kraftstoffe auf Mineralölbasis durch Methanol- und Ethanol enthaltende Kraftstoffe zu ersetzen.
  • Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es daher, ein Schmiermittel zur Verfügung zu stellen, daß die Anforderungen auf diesem Gebiet erfüllt. Es wurden überraschend für den Betrieb von Zweitaktmotoren, Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren mit Kraftstoffen, die Alkohol(e) und/oder Nitroalkan(e) und/oder Propylenoxid enthalten, wobei das Schmiermittel den Kraftstoffen zugesetzt ist und/oder sich in einem getrennten Schmiermittelkreislauf befindet, hervorragende Schmiermittel auf Polyolbasis gefunden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das (die) Polyol(e) aus mehr als 40 Mol.-% Propylenoxideinheiten besteht (en) und in einer Menge von 0,2 - 20 Volumenteilen pro 100 Volumenteile Kraftstoff bei nicht getrennten Schmiermittelkreislauf in demselben enthalten ist (sind)und ein Additiv enthalten, das als Komponenten wenigstens ein thermisch stabiles, aschefreies Detergents bestehend aus Stickstoff enthaltenden organischen Verbindungen, wenigstens ein Verschleißschutzadditiv sowie wenigstens einen Rost- und wenigstens einen Korrosionsinhibitor enthält.
  • An Schmierstoffe für mit Mischungskraftstoff (Schmiermittel im Kraftstoff enthalten) betriebene Zweitakt-, Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren sowie Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren mit getrenntem Schmiermittelkreislauf werden zahlreiche Anforderungen gestellt. Hierzu gehören einwandfreie Löslichkeit im Kraftstoff, bestimmte Viskositäten in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur, gutes Verschleißschutzverhalten, Aufrechterhaltung der Sauberkeit des Brennraumes, Vermeidung von Verklebungen der Auslaßschlitze, guter Korrosionsschutz, keine Verharzungen und Verlackungen, Ausbleiben von Brückenbildungen an Zündkerzen, keine Ablagerungen in Ringnuten und Kolbenböden, Freigängigkeit der Kolbenringe, ausreichende Schmierwirkung bei Zusatz üblicher Schmiermittelmengen sowie Selbstmischbarkeit mit dem Kraftstoff.
  • Gute Löslichkeit in Alkoholkraftstoffen besitzen z.B. Polyesterschmiermittel, Polyolether sowie Polyole. Zahlreiche Polyole sind marktübliche Produkte, so z.B. Polyole, die aufgebaut sind aus Polyethylenoxid, aus Gemischen von Polyethylenoxid und Polypropylenoxid, aus Gemischen der genannten Oxide mit weiteren Olefinoxiden, aus Polypropylenoxid sowie veretherte und teilweise veretherte Polyole.
  • überraschend wurde gefunden, daß nur solche Polyole die genannten Erfordernisse bei Einsatz von Kraftstoffen, die Alkohol(e) und/oder Nitroalkane und/oder Propylenoxid enthalten in hervorragender Weise erfüllen, die aus mehr als 40 Mol.% aus Propylenoxideinheiten aufgebaut sind, wobei bis zu 60 % Ethylenoxid-oder andere Olefinoxideinheiten enthalten sein können. Ferner haben die Untersuchungen ergeben, daß die geeigneten Additive für solche Schmiermittel thermisch stabile, aschefreie Deter- gentien im Schmiermittel sind, bestehend aus Stickstoff enthaltenden organischen Verbindungen. Zusätzlich sind in den erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteln Verschleißschutzkomponenten sowie Rost- und Korrosionsinhibitoren enthalten. Als Stickstoff enthaltende Detergentien können z.B.
  • Reaktionsprodukte durch Umsetzung von Alkylbernsteinsäureanhydrid mit Polyaminen, Benzylamin-Derivate u.a. verwendet werden.
  • Geeignete Verschleißschutzkomponenten sind z.B.
  • Thiophosphor- und Thiophosphonsäureester Triphenylphosphit u.a.
  • Geeignete Rostschutzkomponenten sind z.B.
  • Alkenylbernsteinsäurehalbester Fettsäureamide Alkyl-phenoxycarbonsäuren Substituiertes Imidazolin u.a.
  • Geeignete Korrosionsinhibitoren sind z.B.
  • Benzotriazol, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazol, N-Acylsarcosin u.a.
  • Die angegebenen Additiv-Komponenten sind beispielhaft und nicht als den Schutzumfang der vorliegenden Erfindung einschränkend anzusehen.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen Schmierstoffe sowie Vergleichsschmierstoffe wurden an besonders hochbeanspruchten mit Methanol-und Ethanolkraftstoffen betriebenen Zweitaktmotoren, Viertakt-und Rotationskolbenmotoren getestet.
  • Die zur Untersuchung verwendeten Zweitakt-Testmotoren waren luftgekühlte Motoren mit einem Hubraum von je 35 ccm, einer Leistung von je 1,7 KW (2,3 PS) mit einer Drehzahl von je 10 000 u/min. Die Prüfläufe wurden bei maximaler Leistung mit neuen Motoren ohne Einlaufperiode und einer Laufzeit von jeweils 5 Stunden im Vollastbetrieb und 150 - 200 Stunden Teillastbetrieb durchgeführt. Desweiteren wurden Versuche in Zweitakt- und Viertakt-Motoren durchgeführt, wie sie z.B. für Modellflugzeuge verwendet werden, nämlich Motoren mit
    • 0,5 KW Leistung, 11 500 U/min, Viertakt, 8 ccm
    • 0,7 KW Leistung, 8 300 U/min, Viertakt, 15 ccm
    • 1,7 KW Leistung, 16 500 U/min, Zweitakt, 10 ccm
  • Die Versuche in einem Rotationskolbenmotor wurden mit einem Wankelmotor durchgeführt mit 0,6 KW Leistung, 25 000 U/min und 5 ccm Kammervolumen.
  • Getestet wurden Schmiermittel aus
    • 1. Esterölen
    • 2. Polyethylenoxid
    • 3. Ethylenoxid-(EO), Propylenoxid-(PO) und Butylenoxid-1,2 (BO)-Einheiten
    • 4. tert.-butyliertem Polyethylenoxid
    • 5. tert.-butyliertem Polypropylenoxid.
  • Als Kraftstoffe wurden verwendet Reinmethanol, nicht destilliertes techn. Methanol (Rohmethanol), 95 %iges Ethanol und Reinethanol, Ethanol/Benzin und Methanol/Benzin sowie Methanol/Nitromethan bzw. Nitroethan , Ethanol/Nitromethan bzw. Nitroethan, Methanol/Nitromethan/Propylenoxid, Methanol/Benzin,Propylenoxid, Methanol/Benzin/Nitromethan, Methanol/Benzin/Nitromethan/ Propylenoxid und Ethanol/Benzin/ Nitromethan/Propylenoxid. Weitere Bestandteile waren Additive, kleine Mengen an Wasser bzw. kleine Mengen an Ethern und Kohlenwasserstoffen. Das Verhältnis von Schmiermitteln zu Kraftstoff betrug 1:16, 1:40 und 1:50.
  • Geprüft wurden:
    • a) Löslichkeit des Schmiermittels im Kraftstoff
    • b) Sauberkeit des Brennraumes
    • c) Sauberkeit der Kolbenringnuten
    • d) Freßstellen und Riefen an den Motorteilen, Verschleiß
    • e) Freigängigkeit der Kolbenringe
    • f) Korrosion an Motorteilen
    • g) Verlackungen an Kolbenboden und -hemd
    • h) Verklebungen an den Auslaßschlitzen
    • i) Brückenbildung an Zündkerzen
    • j) Ablagerungen
  • In Tabelle 1 sind die Prüfergebnisse zusammengestellt. In allen Versuchen waren dem Schmiermittel 2,8 Gew.% eines Additivs zugesetzt, das die oben angegebenen Komponenten enthielt. In Tabelle 2 sind Ergebnisse zusammengestellt, die mit Polyglykolen aus Propylenoxideinheiten von unterschiedlicher Viskosität erhalten wurden.
  • Angegeben sind Viskositäten bei 50 °C. Die untersuchten Proben enthielten 2,8 und 3,4 Gew.% eines Additivs, das die oben angegebenen Komponenten enthielt. In Tabelle 3 ist das Kälteverhalten bei 10-stündigem Stehen in Bezug auf Ausfällungen angegeben. Die Proben enthielten 3,4 Gew.% Additiv. In Tabelle 4 ist das Kälteverhalten bei 10-stündigem Stehen bei Zusatz von 10 Vol.-% Ethanol angegeben. Die Additivmenge betrug 3,4 Gew.-%.
  • Die Untersuchungen zeigen für den Fachmann überraschend, daß Polyglykole, die zu mehr als 40 Mol.-% aus Propylenoxideinheiten aufgebaut sind, bei allen Tests einwandfreie Ergebnisse liefern, wie Tabelle 1 zeigt. Bei allen anderen Schmiermitteln traten zumindest bei einem Teil der durchgeführten Tests Schäden auf.
  • Aus Tabelle 2 geht hervor, daß die Schmiermittel auf Propylenoxidbasis auch bei unterschiedlichen Viskositäten einwandfreie Ergebnisse liefern. Nur im Falle der Viskosität 240 treten weniger zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse auf.
  • Die in den Tabellen 1, 2, 3 und 4 angegebenen Ergebnisse wurden sowohl mit den oben genannten Methanol- als auch Ethanolkraftstoffen erhalten.
  • Tabelle 3 zeigt, daß im Falle der Viskosität 40 ab - 15 °C eine leichte Trübung bei 10-stündigem Stehen auftritt, im Falle der Viskositäten 80 und 140 erst bei - 20 °C. Werden zusätzlich 10 Gew.-% Ethanol zum Schmiermittel zugefügt, unterbleibt in allen Fällen die Trübung (Tab. 4). Das gleiche wurde gefunden bei 10-%igen Zusätzen von Methanol, Isopropanol und n-Butanol. Die Untersuchungen machen deutlich, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel für den Betrieb von zweitakt-,'Viertak't- und Rotationskolbenmotoren mit Alkoholkraftstoffen, denen das Schmiermittel zugesetzt ist oder ein getrennter Schmiermittelkreislauf vorhanden ist, hervorragend geeignet sind.
  • Figure imgb0001
    Figure imgb0002
    Figure imgb0003
    Figure imgb0004

Claims (8)

1. Schmiermittel auf Polyolbasis für Zweitakt-, Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren, bei Betrieb derselben mit Kraftstoffen, die Alkohol(e) und/oder Nitroalkan(e), insbesondere Nitromethan und/oder Propylenoxid enthalten, wobei das Schmiermittel den Kraftstoffen zugesetzt ist und/oder sich in einem getrennten Schmiermittelkreislauf befindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das (die) Polyol(e) aus mehr als 40 Mol.% Propylenoxideinheiten besteht(en) und in einer Menge von 0,2 - 20 Volumenteilen pro 100 Volumenteile Kraftstoff bei nicht - getrennten Schmiermittelkreislauf in demselben enthalten ist 4sind) und ein Additiv enthält, das als Komponenten wenigstens ein thermisch stabiles, aschefreies Detergents bestehend aus Stickstoff enthaltenden organischen Verbindungen, wenigstens ein Verschleißschutzadditiv sowie wenigstens einen Rost- und wenigstens einen Korrosionsinhibitor enthält.
2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das (die) Polyole(e) in einer Menge von 1 - 15 Volumenteilen pro 100 Volumenteile Kraftstoff in demselben enthalten sind.
3. Schmiermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das (die) Polyol(e) aus mindestens 75 % Propylenoxideinheiten besteht.
4. Schmiermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese ein Gemisch von Polyolen verschiedener Viskosität bestehend aus mehr als 40 Mol. % Propylenoxideinheiten enthalten.
5. Schmiermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese ein Gemisch aus Polyolen verschiedener Viskosität bestehend aus mindestens 75 % Propylenoxideinheiten enthalten.
6. Schmiermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich Alkohol(e) enthalten ist (sind).
7. Schmiermittel, nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Alkoholzusätze C1 - C6 Alkohole oder deren Gemische sind.
8. Verwendung von Schmiermitteln nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8 als Schmiermittel für Zweitakt-, Viertakt- und Rotationskolbenmotoren bei Betrieb derselben mit Kraftstoffen, die Alkohol(e) und/oder Nitroalkene, insbesondere Nitromethan und/oder Propylenoxid enthalten, wobei das Schmiermittel den Kraftstoffen zugesetzt ist und/oder sich in einem getrennten Schmiermittelkreislauf befindet.
EP84114499A 1983-12-03 1984-11-29 Schmiermittel Expired - Lifetime EP0144922B1 (de)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0282845A1 (de) * 1987-03-14 1988-09-21 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Kraftstoffe, enthaltend geringe Mengen Alkoxylate und Polycarbonsäureimide
EP0288246A1 (de) * 1987-04-20 1988-10-26 Betz Europe, Inc. Stabilisierte destillierte Brennöle und deren Herstellung
EP0289785A1 (de) * 1987-04-09 1988-11-09 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Verfahren zur Verhinderung oder Verminderung von Ablagerungen in Gemischaufbereitungssystemen von Motoren
EP0351906A1 (de) * 1988-07-22 1990-01-24 Akzo N.V. Synthetische Schmierölzusammensetzung
EP0353116A1 (de) * 1988-06-29 1990-01-31 Institut Français du Pétrole Rezepte von stickstoffhaltigen Zusätzen für Motorkraftstoffe und diese enthaltende Motorkraftstoffe
FR2646434A2 (fr) * 1988-06-29 1990-11-02 Inst Francais Du Petrole Formulation d'additifs pour carburants comprenant au moins une composition obtenue a partir d'une hydroxymidazoline et d'une polyamine et son utilisation comme additif pour carburants
EP0636680A1 (de) * 1993-01-20 1995-02-01 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Schmiermittel für zweitaktmotor
DE19647554A1 (de) * 1996-11-16 1998-05-28 Daimler Benz Ag Funktionsflüssigkeit für lebensdauergeschmierte Verbrennungsmotoren
WO2013066702A3 (en) * 2011-11-01 2013-11-07 Dow Global Technologies Llc Oil soluble polyalkylene glycol lubricant compositions

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US3030939A (en) * 1958-07-10 1962-04-24 Standard Oil Co Method of operating spark-ignition combustion engine
US3287271A (en) * 1965-01-21 1966-11-22 Chevron Res Combined detergent-corrosion inhibitors
US3888776A (en) * 1973-02-12 1975-06-10 Ore Lube Corp Two-cycle engine oil
DE2220338C3 (de) * 1972-04-26 1978-08-17 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verwendung von Äthylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Mischpolymerisaten als wasserlösliche Schmiermittel, Metallbearbeitungsmittel und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten
GB2146657A (en) * 1983-09-16 1985-04-24 Bank Of America Lubricant additive for use with alcohol fuels
GB2164352A (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-03-19 Bank Of America Lubricant additive for use with alcohol fuels

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DE1794133B2 (de) * 1968-09-13 1975-09-25 The Lubrizol Corp., Cleveland, Ohio (V.St.A.). Schmierole
DE2345540A1 (de) * 1973-09-10 1975-04-24 Linde Ag Synthetische oele als schmiermittel

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3030939A (en) * 1958-07-10 1962-04-24 Standard Oil Co Method of operating spark-ignition combustion engine
US3287271A (en) * 1965-01-21 1966-11-22 Chevron Res Combined detergent-corrosion inhibitors
DE2220338C3 (de) * 1972-04-26 1978-08-17 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verwendung von Äthylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Mischpolymerisaten als wasserlösliche Schmiermittel, Metallbearbeitungsmittel und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten
US3888776A (en) * 1973-02-12 1975-06-10 Ore Lube Corp Two-cycle engine oil
GB2146657A (en) * 1983-09-16 1985-04-24 Bank Of America Lubricant additive for use with alcohol fuels
GB2164352A (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-03-19 Bank Of America Lubricant additive for use with alcohol fuels

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0282845A1 (de) * 1987-03-14 1988-09-21 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Kraftstoffe, enthaltend geringe Mengen Alkoxylate und Polycarbonsäureimide
EP0289785A1 (de) * 1987-04-09 1988-11-09 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Verfahren zur Verhinderung oder Verminderung von Ablagerungen in Gemischaufbereitungssystemen von Motoren
EP0288246A1 (de) * 1987-04-20 1988-10-26 Betz Europe, Inc. Stabilisierte destillierte Brennöle und deren Herstellung
EP0353116A1 (de) * 1988-06-29 1990-01-31 Institut Français du Pétrole Rezepte von stickstoffhaltigen Zusätzen für Motorkraftstoffe und diese enthaltende Motorkraftstoffe
FR2646434A2 (fr) * 1988-06-29 1990-11-02 Inst Francais Du Petrole Formulation d'additifs pour carburants comprenant au moins une composition obtenue a partir d'une hydroxymidazoline et d'une polyamine et son utilisation comme additif pour carburants
EP0351906A1 (de) * 1988-07-22 1990-01-24 Akzo N.V. Synthetische Schmierölzusammensetzung
EP0636680A1 (de) * 1993-01-20 1995-02-01 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Schmiermittel für zweitaktmotor
EP0636680A4 (de) * 1993-01-20 1995-10-04 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Schmiermittel für zweitaktmotor.
DE19647554A1 (de) * 1996-11-16 1998-05-28 Daimler Benz Ag Funktionsflüssigkeit für lebensdauergeschmierte Verbrennungsmotoren
WO2013066702A3 (en) * 2011-11-01 2013-11-07 Dow Global Technologies Llc Oil soluble polyalkylene glycol lubricant compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3343816C2 (de) 1986-12-04
ATE60081T1 (de) 1991-02-15
DE3343816A1 (de) 1985-06-13
EP0144922A3 (en) 1987-01-07
DE3483953D1 (de) 1991-02-21
EP0144922B1 (de) 1991-01-16

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