EP0143744B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beurteilung der Druckqualität und/oder Regelung der Farbführung bei einer Offset-Druckmaschine und mit einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung ausgestattete Offset-Druckmaschine - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beurteilung der Druckqualität und/oder Regelung der Farbführung bei einer Offset-Druckmaschine und mit einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung ausgestattete Offset-Druckmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143744B1
EP0143744B1 EP84810525A EP84810525A EP0143744B1 EP 0143744 B1 EP0143744 B1 EP 0143744B1 EP 84810525 A EP84810525 A EP 84810525A EP 84810525 A EP84810525 A EP 84810525A EP 0143744 B1 EP0143744 B1 EP 0143744B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
surface coverages
process according
image element
determined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84810525A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0143744A1 (de
Inventor
Guido Keller
Andreas Spiess
Hans Ott
Rolf Boegli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gretag AG
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Gretag AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT84810525T priority Critical patent/ATE31900T1/de
Publication of EP0143744A1 publication Critical patent/EP0143744A1/de
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Publication of EP0143744B1 publication Critical patent/EP0143744B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0027—Devices for scanning originals, printing formes or the like for determining or presetting the ink supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • B41F33/0045—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control for automatically regulating the ink supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for assessing the print quality and / or regulating the ink flow in an offset printing machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and 15, and to an offset printing machine equipped with a corresponding device according to the preamble of claim 17.
  • the assessment of the print quality and regulation of the color routing is usually carried out with the help of standardized color control strips. These printed control strips are evaluated densitometrically and the color values of the printing press are then adjusted accordingly.
  • the measurement of the color control strips can be done on the running machine with so-called machine densitometers or off-line by means of e.g. B. an automatic scanning densitometer, the control loop to the inking units in both cases open (quality assessment) or closed (machine control).
  • a representative example of a computer-controlled printing machine with a closed control loop is in U.S. Patent 4,200,932.
  • US Pat. No. 3,376,426 describes a multicolor printing machine which is controlled by a machine densitometer and does not require color measuring strips. With this printing machine, the individual printed sheets are scanned point by point, the reflectance values obtained are converted into densities (logarithmic) and the color densities are transformed into analytical color densities in a nonlinear unmasking operation. These analytical color densities are compared directly with the analytical color densities of an OK sheet obtained and stored in the same way, and a signal is obtained from the comparison result that indicates the deviation of the color guide from the target setting and by means of which the color guide can be adjusted.
  • the printed products on the running printing press are photoelectrically scanned picture-by-picture over the entire image area by means of a machine densitometer.
  • the sample values from the individual picture elements are compared with the sample values of a reference printed product (O.K. sheet), which may have been prepared, and a quality decision "good” or "bad” is made on the basis of the comparison result according to certain criteria.
  • the decision criteria include the number of picture elements which differ from the corresponding picture elements of the reference by more than a certain degree of tolerance, the differences in the sampled values summed up over selected image areas to the corresponding sampled values of the reference and the differences between the sampled values summed up via certain scan tracks corresponding values of the reference.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a system for mechanical quality assessment of printed products and corresponding regulation of the ink guide members on a printing press, which is improved compared to the prior art, in particular with regard to accuracy and reliability, and does not require color control strips.
  • a machine densitometer is also of conventional design, which scans the printing units (printing sheets 4) photoelectrically.
  • An electronic system in the form of a process computer 5 is connected to the machine densitometer 3, which controls all functional sequences of the machine densitometer and evaluates the remission data generated by it.
  • the result of this evaluation are control values or signals with which the ink guide elements 2 of the printing press are influenced.
  • the process computer can also process the measurement data into quality measures for assessing the print quality.
  • the photoelectric measurement of the individual printed products takes place picture-wise, ie the printed sheets are divided into picture elements and the reflectance in each picture element is determined in four spectral ranges (infrared for black, red for cyan, green for magenta and blue for yellow).
  • Picture element sizes that are reasonable in practice are 0.5 x 0.5 mm 2 to approximately 20 x 20 mm 2 , preferably approximately 1 x 1 mm 2 to 10 x 10 mm 2 .
  • the reflectance values for the individual picture elements do not all have to come from the same printed sheet; the emission detection mg can rather also be distributed over several printed sheets (less expenditure in terms of apparatus).
  • the measured remissions are not converted into density values but are immediately "unmasked", i.e. the associated area coverings for the printing inks are calculated from the four remissions of each image element. This calculation is carried out in a manner to be explained in more detail by solving the Neugebauer equations.
  • the unmasking of the remissions is indicated in the drawing by the box 51 within the process computer 5.
  • the further processing of the measurement data is only indicated in the drawing for a single printing ink (black).
  • the measurement data relating to the other printing inks is processed analogously.
  • the printer gives the OK for continued printing.
  • the print sheets created at this point in time and immediately afterwards can be used as a reference (OK sheet).
  • This reference (in the form of a single sheet or in the form of several successive sheets) is now measured and unmasked according to the picture element above.
  • the area coverings of all image elements of the reference, hereinafter referred to as target area coverings, calculated in this way are stored in four area coverage matrices 52 each associated with a printing ink.
  • four weight matrices each assigned to a printing ink are calculated (block 53) and stored (block 54).
  • Each image element is assigned a weighting factor for each printing ink, which indicates the certainty with which the area coverage of this color can be determined in this image element. More details about these weight factors are explained below.
  • the color of the press is divided into zones.
  • the weight factors are therefore added up in block 55 according to their belonging to a zone.
  • a total weight is then obtained for each zone and printing ink, which represents a measure of the security with which a change in the color guidance in this zone can be measured.
  • production sheets are measured continuously or from time to time in the same way as the reference (OK sheet) and compared with the reference.
  • the surface coverings of the continuous printing (actual surface coverings) obtained after the unmasking from the remissions are compared picture element by picture element with the corresponding target surface coverings of the reference (subtraction level 56) and the deviations from the target surface coverings with the associated ones stored in the weight matrices 54 Weighted factors weighted (multiplier 57).
  • the weighted deviations are summed up zone by zone for each printing ink (summer 58) and finally the zonal sums thus formed are normalized by division (divider 59) by the assigned zonal total weight.
  • the result of these steps is then a weighted, standardized zonal deviation per printing zone and printing ink, which expresses the relative color deviation in the printing zone during the printing process and can be used as a control signal for the assigned ink guide element 2.
  • the comparison of target and actual area coverings is preferably carried out online, so that the individual measured values of the production run do not have to be saved.
  • the deviations of the surface coverings can also be converted into coordinate deviations in the color space. Different weights corresponding to the importance of the image can be assigned to the individual image elements and the deviations can thus be weighted. In this way, changes in the visual impression of the printed image or a measure of quality can be determined.
  • B j -BN j are constants that depend on the printing order and the solid density. Their values can be measured empirically from corresponding color tables. For the print order B, C, M, Y, for example, they were determined as follows for a solid density of approximately 1.5:
  • the security with which deviations in the area coverage of a picture element can be determined depends on several parameters. At approx. 50-70%, area coverage, the dot increase has the greatest effect when the solid tone increases in density. This means that medium area coverages have to be taken into account more than large or small area covers. In a quiet environment (homogeneous surface coverage), incorrect positioning plays a smaller role than in a moving environment. Are at If several colors are printed at the same point, the individual color can be isolated less precisely.
  • three partial weights are defined for each picture element and / or printing ink, namely a partial weight G 1 dependent on the area coverage, a partial weight G 2 depending on the environment and a partial weight G 3 dependent on the foreign color. The three partial weights are multiplied together and together result in the weight factor already mentioned for each picture element and each printing color.
  • the individual partial weights can also be weighted differently when combined with the weight factor, which can be expressed as follows:
  • g i -g 3 mean the influence weights of the three partial weights. These influencing weights are in the range from 0 to 1. Usually, G receives the strongest and G 2 the weakest influencing weight.
  • G 4 For special printing originals, it is conceivable to introduce a fourth weight G 4 .
  • G 4 certain areas of the printed sheet can be rated stronger or weaker.
  • the areas and G 4 can be entered interactively by the printer via a computer terminal.
  • G 4 can be used to suppress the rating of printed text.
  • Deviations in the color scheme have an effect at approx. 50-70%, surface coverage has the greatest impact. With medium area coverings, deviations can thus be determined with greater certainty.
  • the area weight-dependent partial weight G is chosen such that it is maximum for medium area coverings, but drops towards smaller and larger area coverings.
  • Suitable courses are, for example, parabolas, triangles, trapezoids, the maximum value 1 of the partial weight being odet around 50% area coverage.
  • partial weight curves are as follows:
  • indexes i, j for picture elements and printing ink are omitted in these formulas for the sake of simplicity.
  • a Laplace operator of the general type is particularly suitable as a simple differential operator in a 3 x 3 picture element environment:
  • the environment taken into account can be enlarged as desired.
  • the diagonal coefficients can also be taken into account ( ⁇ 0).
  • the environment-dependent partial weight G 2 (for each picture element and for each printing ink) is then calculated from the following formula: where
  • the partial weight G 3 then results as the product of the reflectance values of the foreign color components exposed with the corresponding influencing coefficients:
  • ß B , ßc, ß M and ßy are the remissions in the colors B, C, M.
  • Y and a jl to a j4 the mentioned coefficients of influence.
  • the index j denotes the respective printing ink for which the partial weight applies.
  • B, C, M and Y these coefficients can be represented in a matrix: Practical values are for example:
  • Partial weight G 1 also has the focus at approx. 50%, area coverage. G 1 thus causes a dynamic compression of the deviations with larger and smaller area coverings. Is z. B. the trapezoidal function of G 1 chosen wide enough, however, there are only slight distortions of the absolute deviations.
  • an additional scanner must be attached before and after the printing unit of the fifth and sixth color. With the measurement before and after the printing unit, the contribution of the last printed color can be calculated and the deviation from the target value can be determined.
  • the area-dependent partial weight G 1 must be 1 for medium and full tones.
  • the foreign color-dependent partial weight G 3 becomes 0 for each picture element with a (also small) area coverage of a foreign color. This ensures that only pure colors are measured.
  • the target values of the surface coverings are obtained from a reference in the form of one (or more) OK sheet.
  • a reference in the form of one (or more) OK sheet.
  • Such an alternative is e.g. B. in using the printing plates themselves as a reference.
  • the individual printing plates are divided into picture elements in the same way as the printed products to be tested.
  • the picture elements are scanned photoelectrically and the area coverage is determined for each picture element. There are two options for further processing.
  • Either the measured area coverage of each image element of each printing plate is converted into corresponding area coverage in the print using the printing characteristic of the printing press (empirical, tables) and then directly used as target area coverage for comparison with the actual area coverage, or the measured area coverage is based on the printing characteristic curve converted into remission values, which are then unmasked again as described above and thereby transformed into the target area coverings.
  • the reference is synthesized from the printing plates to a certain extent.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a device operating according to this variant.
  • the process computer 5 is connected to the already mentioned machine densitometer 3 and the ink guide elements 2 of the printing press.
  • a plate scanner 6 is also provided, which is also connected to the process computer 5.
  • the plate scanner 6 is of a conventional type (for example according to US Pat. Nos. 4,131,879 and 3,958,509 or EP Publ. No. 69572, 96227 and 29561) and scans the individual printing plates point-by-point photoelectrically.
  • the scanning points (spots) can coincide with the picture elements or can preferably be significantly smaller than these. In the latter case, the area coverage of the individual picture elements can be determined with greater resolution and thus more precisely and reliably. Details on the pre-calculation of the remissions or the determination of the surface densities from the printing plates can be found in the CH patent application No. 5965/83 of November 4, 1983.
  • control of the printing process can also take place on the basis of a reference in the form of the underlying printing plates (or perhaps even on the basis of the last underlying raster films or the like). Mixed operation is also possible.
  • the OK sheet already matches the "synthesized" reference calculated in advance on the basis of the printing plates, so that a special measurement of an OK sheet is not necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
EP84810525A 1983-11-04 1984-10-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beurteilung der Druckqualität und/oder Regelung der Farbführung bei einer Offset-Druckmaschine und mit einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung ausgestattete Offset-Druckmaschine Expired EP0143744B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84810525T ATE31900T1 (de) 1983-11-04 1984-10-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beurteilung der druckqualitaet und/oder regelung der farbfuehrung bei einer offset-druckmaschine und mit einer entsprechenden vorrichtung ausgestattete offset- druckmaschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH596583 1983-11-04
CH5965/83 1983-11-04
CH692683 1983-12-27
CH6926/83 1983-12-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0143744A1 EP0143744A1 (de) 1985-06-05
EP0143744B1 true EP0143744B1 (de) 1988-01-13

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US (1) US4649502A (no)
EP (1) EP0143744B1 (no)
AU (1) AU577069B2 (no)
CA (1) CA1216943A (no)
DE (1) DE3468650D1 (no)
DK (1) DK159960C (no)
ES (1) ES8600624A1 (no)
NO (1) NO164158C (no)

Cited By (19)

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EP0219847A2 (en) * 1985-10-21 1987-04-29 Pitney Bowes Inc. Automatic ink level control system
EP0228347A1 (de) * 1985-12-10 1987-07-08 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Farbauftragssteuerung bei einer Druckmaschine, entsprechend ausgerüstete Druckanlage und Messvorrichtung für eine solche Druckanlage
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EP0219847A2 (en) * 1985-10-21 1987-04-29 Pitney Bowes Inc. Automatic ink level control system
EP0219847A3 (en) * 1985-10-21 1988-01-07 Pitney Bowes Inc. Automatic ink level control system
EP0228347A1 (de) * 1985-12-10 1987-07-08 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Farbauftragssteuerung bei einer Druckmaschine, entsprechend ausgerüstete Druckanlage und Messvorrichtung für eine solche Druckanlage
EP0277329A2 (en) * 1987-02-03 1988-08-10 Komori Corporation A method of adjusting density measurement position
EP0277329A3 (en) * 1987-02-03 1990-07-18 Komori Printing Machinery Co., Ltd. A method of adjusting density measurement position
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EP0442322A1 (de) * 1990-02-10 1991-08-21 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Verfahren zur Farbsteuerung und zonenweisen Voreinstellung
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DE4402828A1 (de) * 1994-01-31 1995-08-10 Wifag Maschf Color-Management im Rollenoffset-Auflagendruck
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DE19711918B4 (de) * 1997-03-21 2011-07-21 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, 69115 Verfahren zum Einstellen der Farbschichtdicke beim Aufbringen von Druckfarbe auf einen Bedruckstoff
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EP0920994A3 (de) * 1997-11-06 1999-11-10 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Farbmesswerten
DE19749064A1 (de) * 1997-11-06 1999-05-12 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Farbwertgradienten
US6469804B1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2002-10-22 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method of obtaining colorimetric values
DE19749063A1 (de) * 1997-11-06 1999-05-12 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Farbmeßwerten
DE19830487B4 (de) * 1997-11-06 2010-12-16 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Flächendeckungen in einem Druckbild
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EP0143744A1 (de) 1985-06-05
NO844370L (no) 1985-05-06
AU577069B2 (en) 1988-09-15
DK522384D0 (da) 1984-11-02
ES537315A0 (es) 1985-10-16
US4649502A (en) 1987-03-10
ES8600624A1 (es) 1985-10-16
NO164158B (no) 1990-05-28
DK159960B (da) 1991-01-07
DK159960C (da) 1991-06-03
CA1216943A (en) 1987-01-20
NO164158C (no) 1990-09-05
DE3468650D1 (en) 1988-02-18
DK522384A (da) 1985-05-05
AU3496884A (en) 1985-05-09

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