EP0052160B1 - Schnalle für einen Sicherheitsgurt - Google Patents

Schnalle für einen Sicherheitsgurt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0052160B1
EP0052160B1 EP80107136A EP80107136A EP0052160B1 EP 0052160 B1 EP0052160 B1 EP 0052160B1 EP 80107136 A EP80107136 A EP 80107136A EP 80107136 A EP80107136 A EP 80107136A EP 0052160 B1 EP0052160 B1 EP 0052160B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bolt
buckle
bearing
insertion path
securing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80107136A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0052160A1 (de
Inventor
Kurt Krautz
Erhard Ender
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Autoflug GmbH
Original Assignee
Autoflug GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Autoflug GmbH filed Critical Autoflug GmbH
Priority to EP80107136A priority Critical patent/EP0052160B1/de
Priority to AT80107136T priority patent/ATE8566T1/de
Priority to DE8080107136T priority patent/DE3068725D1/de
Priority to US06/290,371 priority patent/US4388746A/en
Priority to ZA816925A priority patent/ZA816925B/xx
Priority to AU76594/81A priority patent/AU546356B2/en
Priority to JP56172673A priority patent/JPS57107106A/ja
Priority to BR8107455A priority patent/BR8107455A/pt
Priority to ES1981261543U priority patent/ES261543Y/es
Publication of EP0052160A1 publication Critical patent/EP0052160A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0052160B1 publication Critical patent/EP0052160B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B11/00—Buckles; Similar fasteners for interconnecting straps or the like, e.g. for safety belts
    • A44B11/25—Buckles; Similar fasteners for interconnecting straps or the like, e.g. for safety belts with two or more separable parts
    • A44B11/2503—Safety buckles
    • A44B11/2507—Safety buckles actuated by a push-button
    • A44B11/2523—Safety buckles actuated by a push-button acting parallel to the main plane of the buckle and in the same direction as the fastening action
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
    • Y10T24/45—Separable-fastener or required component thereof [e.g., projection and cavity to complete interlock]
    • Y10T24/45225—Separable-fastener or required component thereof [e.g., projection and cavity to complete interlock] including member having distinct formations and mating member selectively interlocking therewith
    • Y10T24/45602—Receiving member includes either movable connection between interlocking components or variable configuration cavity
    • Y10T24/45675—Receiving member includes either movable connection between interlocking components or variable configuration cavity having pivotally connected interlocking component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a buckle for a seat belt, consisting of an insertion tongue with a locking recess and a lock with an at least on one side of guiding devices, at its front end open, containing an ejector spring insertion path for the insertion tongue, a bolt pivotally mounted in the lock , the pivot axis of which extends transversely to the direction of the insertion path and which forms a locking face which interacts with the locking recess of the insertion tongue and which can be moved into the insertion path from the side remote from the guide devices and is arranged such that in the locking position the ejector spring disengages the locking bar urges, and with a securing device for securing the bolt in the locking position, which is forced into the locking position by spring force and can be removed therefrom for opening the lock.
  • a buckle of the type mentioned at the outset is known (US Pat. No. 3,165,806), in which the base plate of a flat lock body limits the insertion path for the insertion tongue on the underside. Above this is a flat bolt, which is pivoted about a transverse axis in the middle of the lock by side projections in cutouts in the side walls of the lock body and whose front end carries a nose facing downwards, the rear surface of which can interlock with the recess of the tongue. This front end of the lever is pressed down by a spring to hold the locking lug in the insertion path. The rear end of this latch carries a handle.
  • the securing device is formed by a slide which is displaceable parallel to the insertion path and is forced by spring force into an end position in which it is immediately adjacent to a transverse surface of the bolt so that it cannot escape from the locking position.
  • the slide can be removed from this position against the spring force and then releases the bolt from the locked position with the result that it is pushed out of the locked position by the insertion tongue under the action of an ejector field located in the insertion path and releases the insertion tongue (obvious prior use).
  • this arrangement has the disadvantage that a large opening force is required and that the securing of the bolt is not reliable in all circumstances.
  • the opening force is the force that is required to open the lock after a load on the lock due to forces at height, such as occur in an accident, under a certain residual load.
  • certain automobile plants require that the opening force not exceed 50 N with a residual load of 0.5 kN after the lock has been tried under forces comparable to that of an accident and which generally reach 16 to 18 kN.
  • the securing device has to take over a certain component of the bolt load. Such a component also acts under residual load and causes double frictional force in the safety slide of the known arrangement, namely between the slide and the bolt and the other between the slide and its housing guide.
  • the invention has for its object a To create a buckle of the type mentioned, the low opening force and high security combined with normal manufacturing costs.
  • the solution according to the invention consists in that the securing device is a double-armed swivel lever arranged transversely to the bolt with a center of gravity close to its swivel point.
  • the swivel lever can be actuated more easily to release the lock, it is designed with two arms, and it is connected to a handle at its end that does not interact with the bolt.
  • a very simple design results if the handle is a slide which is guided approximately parallel to the insertion path, because the swivel lever then does not need to be angled.
  • An angled version is of course possible if the handle is to be operated across the insertion path to release the lock.
  • the lock body consists of a flat bottom 1 and two side walls 2, which stand vertically upright from its parallel edges and are rigidly connected to the bottom.
  • the cross-section of the lock body is U-shaped. Its bottom 1 contains a bore 3 for fastening an anchoring part.
  • the bottom 1 and the side walls 2 form the lower and lateral delimitation of the insertion path for the insertion tongue 4, the front part S of which has approximately the width of the insertion path between the side walls 2 in order to be securely guided therein. It has a locking recess 6, which forms a locking surface at 7. At its rear end, it is provided in a known manner with a recess 8 for receiving a belt loop. At the top, the insertion path is limited by projections 9 rigidly connected to the lock body.
  • the known casing of the lock body by a plastic housing is not shown for the sake of simplicity. (All directions such as “above”, “right”, “clockwise etc. refer to the illustration in Fig. 1 and 2.)
  • the lock contains an ejector plate 10 in the insertion path, which is movably guided in the direction of the insertion path in a manner not shown and is loaded against the direction of insertion by a spring 11 which is guided in bottom slots.
  • a spring 11 which is guided in bottom slots.
  • the locking plate consists of a rear cross bar 15, which connects the projections 13, and two arms 16 leading from it to the front, which carry a downwardly projecting locking part 17 at the front, which forms a locking end 18 pointing towards the rear.
  • the latch part 17 protrudes slightly towards the front relative to the arms 16, so that a free surface 19 is formed on its upper side, which is limited at the front by its front edge. In the locked state (FIG. 1), this surface lies in the upper boundary plane of the insertion path or a little above it.
  • the locking plate 14 has at its rear end one or more projections 20 which project downward near the axis of rotation of the locking plate defined by the front end of the cutouts 12 and limit the insertion path to the rear. Together with the ejector plate 10, they serve to positively lock the insertion tongue. This moves namely the ejector plate 10 when inserted backwards against the pressure of the spring 11, the ejector plate 10 being so long that it just abuts against the projections 20, thereby causing a counterclockwise rotation of the bolt when the locking surface 7 of the insertion tongue 4 has just passed under the locking face 18 of the locking part 17.
  • the locking face 18 of the locking part 17 is approximately perpendicular to the direction of the insertion path in the locked state and at an obtuse angle to the connecting line with the locking axis. Therefore, when a force is exerted to the left on the latch face 18 in the direction of the insertion path, for example by a belt force acting on the insertion tongue or by the ejector spring 11, a torque is exerted on the bolt which is dependent on the force acting on the insertion path and the distance the insertion path from the bolt axis of rotation as He belarm is formed. This torque tries to turn the bolt clockwise, to lift the bolt part 17 out of the bolt recess of the insertion tongue and thus to release the lock. This is prevented by the pivot lever 21 in the locked state.
  • This pivot lever 21 is located above the upwardly facing surface 19 of the locking part 17. It is designed as a plate which extends transversely in the lock body, the outline of which can be seen on the left in FIG. 1, while it has partially broken away on the right in order to reveal the locking plate .
  • the pivoting lever is supported with its lateral projections 22 in cutouts 24 of the side walls 2, so that the axis of rotation indicated at 25 (FIG. 1) results, which is parallel to the axis of rotation of the bolt 13-17. It can therefore be pivoted at least between the two end positions, which are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • pivot lever 21 For pivoting serves on the one hand a spring 26 which tries to pivot it counterclockwise, and on the other hand the slide 27, which is guided parallel to the insertion path in a manner not shown in the lock body and pushes against movement to the right against the upper end of the pivot lever and the pivot lever thereby rotating clockwise.
  • the pivot lever 21 is held in the locked position on the one hand by the spring 26.
  • it is expediently arranged such that it is prevented from moving away from the securing position in the event of self-locking stress. This self-locking can be achieved, for example, by arranging the pivot axis 25 a little to the left (in the drawing) of the solder dropped onto the securing surface 19.
  • the pivot axis 25 of the pivot lever is formed in the weak or unloaded state by a pivot support 32 on the rear (right) boundary edge of the bearing cutout 24, which is designed as a concave curve, projection or roof-shaped edge on which the pivot lever 21 rolls or tilts with low friction.
  • the upper boundary edge 30 of the bearing section determines the axis of rotation. This edge is also designed as a concave curve or edge with a central, most protruding point 40.
  • the spring 26 is advantageously designed so that it is supported on the one hand on the lower part of the pivot lever and on the other hand on the slide 27. Both parts are thereby pushed into their normal position with double effect. It can of course be carried out differently than it is shown in the drawing.
  • the swivel lever is made with as little material as possible. Only in the middle does it reach the full height that is required to interact with the slide 27. This not only serves to save weight, but also to arrange the center of gravity in the lower swivel lever area for reasons to be explained later.
  • the ejector plate 10 In the released state of the lock (Fig. 2), the ejector plate 10 is in the insertion path under the bolt part 17 of the bolt, so that it cannot block the insertion path. It is therefore possible to move the insertion tongue 5 to the right into the insertion path, the ejector plate 10 also being pushed to the right. When the ejector plate 10 reaches the projections 20, the locking recess 6 of the insertion tongue 4 is located below the locking part 17. As the movement continues, the bolt is pivoted counter-clockwise by the impact of the ejector plate 10 onto the projections 20, so that the locking part 17 enters the locking recess 6 must penetrate.
  • the lower end of the pivoting lever 21 bears against the forward-facing forehead of the locking part 17 due to the spring force 26.
  • the aforementioned forehead slides under the pivot bolt so that it can rotate counterclockwise under the action of the spring 26 until it abuts the rear boundary 28 of the bearing cutouts 24 (FIG . 1).
  • the forehead 29, which points downward, of the pivoting lever 21 is located directly above the upwardly facing surface 19 of the locking part. In this position, in which the pivot bolt is held by the spring 26, it secures the bolt 13-17 in the locking position.
  • the locking surface 7 of the insertion tongue 4 exerts a force on the locking face 18 of the locking part 17 in the direction of the insertion path, the line of action of which in the insertion path and therefore at a certain distance below the pivot axis of the locking bolt 13-17 defined by the cutouts 13 runs. If the bolt were not secured in its position by the pivot lever 21, a torque would therefore be generated on the bolt 13-17 in a clockwise direction, which would force it out of the locking position into the open position.
  • the geometric ratios are chosen so that this torque is sufficient to open the bolt under the action of the ejector spring 11 alone.
  • the pivot lever 21 is rotated clockwise, as a result of which it loses its action on the securing surface 11 when it passes the front edge of the locking part 17.
  • the bolt is thereby released and can deflect upwards under the action of the forces acting in the insertion tongue or in the ejector plate and thereby release the insertion tongue.
  • the pivot lever 21 In the event of a load, the pivot lever 21 has to take up a certain component of the tongue load.
  • the size of this component depends on the ratio of the distance of the pivot axis of the bolt 13-17 from the center of the insertion path to the distance of the pivot axis of the bolt 13-17 from the bolt face 18.
  • the ratio of these distances is generally between about 1: 2 and 1:10 and preferably in the range of 1: 3. This means that, for example, a third of the tongue load is transferred to the pivot lever 21.
  • This fraction is so small and the cooperating surfaces 19 and 29 of the bolt and the pivoting lever can easily be made so large that no deformation takes place on these surfaces, even under the heaviest load occurring in practice. The friction in this area is therefore very low even after loading.
  • the opening force required is correspondingly low.
  • deformation can occur in the pivot bearings of the pivot lever 21 in the walls 2 of the lock body, because there the interacting surfaces of the projections 22 and the bearing cutouts 24 (surfaces 30) are significantly smaller.
  • these surfaces can be designed in such a way that even in the event of a certain deformation there is practically no swiveling resistance, namely by the upper boundary edge 30 (FIGS. 4 and 5) of the bearing cutout 24 being designed to be convexly round or roof-shaped, so that the associated one Surface of the swivel lever can roll on it.
  • the locking surface 18 of the locking part 17 runs exactly perpendicular to the direction of the insertion path in the locked state in the manner explained above. It is only important that their direction in relation to the position of the bolt pivot point is such that the torque which transfers the bolt to the release position is formed when the pivot lever is transferred to the release position (FIG. 2).
  • the tangent at the point of contact between the bolt face 18 and the locking surface 7 must intersect at right angles with a radius starting from the bolt pivot point outside the insertion path, the acute angle in the right-angled triangle formed by this intersection point, the bolt pivot point and the point of contact being greater than the friction angle at the point of contact.
  • the pivot lever 21 is supported by the rear boundary edge 28 of the bearing cutout 24. This rear boundary ends at the top 32, which is referred to as the pivot base for the pivot lever 21.
  • the center of gravity 33 of the swivel lever 21 were substantially above the swivel support point 32, there would be the danger that the swivel lever would rotate clockwise under the acceleration 31 and thereby get out of the secured position. This danger is countered by arranging the center of gravity 33 close to the swivel base 32, so that the action of the spring 26 is in any case stronger than a possibly counteracting torque.
  • the center of gravity 33 is preferably even slightly below the swivel base 32. In order that the spring 26 can better fulfill its securing function, its point of application 34 is expediently provided below the swivel base 32.
  • a shock in direction 35 is more dangerous. If the lever 21 were supported against such a shock at the point 39 of the bearing cutout opposite the point 32, it would be subjected to a clockwise torque due to the lower center of gravity 33 which, if the spring force 26 does not prevail, would turn it out of the securing position strives. In most cases, this is avoided according to the invention in that considerable play 37 is provided in the bearing cutout 24 on the side opposite the pivoting support point 32, so that the pivoting lever on the left, front side is at least initially only on the spring 26 in its point of engagement 34 supports.
  • the upper latch part In the event of heavy impact stress 35, the upper latch part will move to the left until it is prevented from further movement by a limitation of the cutout 24. If this is the point 39 on the left-hand boundary edge 42 of the bearing cutout 24 (dashed pivot lever position), the point 39 forms a new base for the pivot lever with respect to the acting forces. Since the center of gravity 33 is lower, a torque now acts in a clockwise direction, which tries to unscrew the lower end of the pivoting lever from the securing position.
  • the upper right corner 43 or a location close to it of the upper bearing surface 38 of the pivot lever lies on the upper boundary edge 30 of the bearing section, generally at the most protruding point 40 thereof.
  • the contact points 39 and at 40 then represent new support points for the pivot lever, which are higher than the center of gravity 33 and therefore give rise to a torque in a clockwise direction, by which the lower, locking bolt end of the pivot lever are unscrewed from the securing position could.

Landscapes

  • Buckles (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
EP80107136A 1980-11-18 1980-11-18 Schnalle für einen Sicherheitsgurt Expired EP0052160B1 (de)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80107136A EP0052160B1 (de) 1980-11-18 1980-11-18 Schnalle für einen Sicherheitsgurt
AT80107136T ATE8566T1 (de) 1980-11-18 1980-11-18 Schnalle fuer einen sicherheitsgurt.
DE8080107136T DE3068725D1 (en) 1980-11-18 1980-11-18 Buckle for a safety belt
US06/290,371 US4388746A (en) 1980-11-18 1981-08-05 Buckle for a safety belt
ZA816925A ZA816925B (en) 1980-11-18 1981-10-07 Buckle for a safety belt
AU76594/81A AU546356B2 (en) 1980-11-18 1981-10-19 Safety belt buckle
JP56172673A JPS57107106A (en) 1980-11-18 1981-10-27 Clasp for safety belt
BR8107455A BR8107455A (pt) 1980-11-18 1981-11-17 Fivela para um cinto de seguranca
ES1981261543U ES261543Y (es) 1980-11-18 1981-11-18 Una hebilla para un cinturon de seguridad.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80107136A EP0052160B1 (de) 1980-11-18 1980-11-18 Schnalle für einen Sicherheitsgurt

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0052160A1 EP0052160A1 (de) 1982-05-26
EP0052160B1 true EP0052160B1 (de) 1984-07-25

Family

ID=8186899

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80107136A Expired EP0052160B1 (de) 1980-11-18 1980-11-18 Schnalle für einen Sicherheitsgurt

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4388746A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0052160B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS57107106A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE8566T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU546356B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR8107455A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3068725D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES261543Y (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA816925B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3200770A1 (de) * 1982-01-13 1983-07-21 Autoflug Stakupress GmbH & Co, 2000 Norderstedt Schnalle fuer einen sicherheitsgurt
CA1211276A (en) * 1983-02-18 1986-09-16 Horst U. Befort End release buckle
JPS6048811U (ja) * 1983-09-12 1985-04-05 タカタ株式会社 シ−トベルト用ラツチバツクル
DE3533684A1 (de) * 1985-08-17 1987-02-26 Autoflug Gmbh Sicherheitsgurtverschluss
DE3537465A1 (de) * 1985-10-22 1987-04-23 Autoflug Gmbh Sicherheitsgurtverschluss
DE3707464A1 (de) * 1986-04-22 1987-10-29 Seifhennersdorf Bekleidung Gurtzeugverschluss fuer fallschirmspringer
GB2195140B (en) * 1986-09-16 1990-09-26 Autoliv Dev Improvements in or relating to a seat belt buckle
JPH0540727Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1987-03-24 1993-10-15
JPS63238802A (ja) * 1987-03-27 1988-10-04 勝山金属工業株式会社 座席ベルトのバツクル
DE3832935C2 (de) * 1987-10-05 1995-10-19 Autoflug Gmbh Verschluß für Sicherheitsgurte
US4876772A (en) * 1988-02-25 1989-10-31 Indiana Mills & Manufacturing, Inc. Safety belt buckle
US4942649A (en) * 1988-02-25 1990-07-24 Indiana Mills & Manufacturing, Inc. Safety belt buckle
GB2218457B (en) * 1988-05-11 1992-03-18 Gen Motors Corp Seat belt buckle.
DE3833483A1 (de) * 1988-10-01 1990-04-05 Autoflug Gmbh Gurtschloss mit massenausgleich
GB2238074A (en) * 1989-11-06 1991-05-22 Europ Components Corp Seat belt buckle.
US5210915A (en) * 1989-11-06 1993-05-18 European Components Corporation Seat belt buckle
JPH0450401U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1990-08-30 1992-04-28
GB2271378B (en) * 1992-10-09 1995-10-18 Autoliv Dev A safety belt buckle
US5568676A (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-10-29 Indiana Mills And Manufacturing, Inc. End release buckle
US6055708A (en) * 1999-08-10 2000-05-02 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Seat belt buckle with a shield blocking a tongue receiving opening
US6701587B1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2004-03-09 Ashimori Industry Co., Ltd Buckle device
JP4471340B2 (ja) * 2003-10-07 2010-06-02 芦森工業株式会社 バックル装置

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2864145A (en) * 1955-10-03 1958-12-16 Mcjohn Corp Buckle
FR2178731B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1961-10-04 1975-03-21 Ferodo Sa
US3165806A (en) * 1963-01-18 1965-01-19 Phillips Van Heusen Corp Safety belt buckle
US3270388A (en) * 1965-06-22 1966-09-06 Alnwick Invest Ltd Buckle for a safety belt
US3340578A (en) * 1966-02-14 1967-09-12 Vogt Mfg Corp Safety belt buckle
FR1543588A (fr) * 1966-10-20 1968-10-25 Boucle pour une ceinture de siège notamment pour les sièges d'automobile
US4134186A (en) * 1976-08-25 1979-01-16 Stakupress Gesellschaft Fur Stahl-Und Kunststoffverarbeitung Mbh & Co., Kg Safety belt fastening
DE2650498C2 (de) * 1976-11-04 1982-11-04 Autoflug Stakupress GmbH & Co, 2000 Norderstedt Schnalle für einen Sicherheitsgurt
DE7713685U1 (de) * 1977-04-30 1977-08-18 Fa. Willibald Grammer, 8450 Amberg Drucktastenschloss fuer sicherheitsgurte
DE2730430A1 (de) * 1977-07-06 1979-01-11 Stakupress Gmbh Schnalle fuer einen sicherheitsgurt
JPS577284Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-10-21 1982-02-12
US4237586A (en) * 1977-10-21 1980-12-09 Nsk-Warner K.K. Buckle device for safety belt
DE2828082A1 (de) * 1978-06-27 1980-01-10 Stahl Gurt Bandweberei Gurtschloss, insbesondere fuer sicherheitsgurte
DE7901194U1 (de) * 1979-01-18 1979-05-03 Autoflug Gmbh, 2084 Rellingen Drucktastenschloss fuer sicherheitsgurte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7659481A (en) 1982-05-27
ES261543Y (es) 1983-04-01
ATE8566T1 (de) 1984-08-15
EP0052160A1 (de) 1982-05-26
DE3068725D1 (en) 1984-08-30
ZA816925B (en) 1982-09-29
JPS57107106A (en) 1982-07-03
US4388746A (en) 1983-06-21
AU546356B2 (en) 1985-08-29
JPH025401B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-02-02
BR8107455A (pt) 1982-08-10
ES261543U (es) 1982-11-01

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