EP0045009A1 - Battant d'une fenêtre, porte ou analogue pouvant se mettre, au choix, dans une position basculante ou parallèle - Google Patents

Battant d'une fenêtre, porte ou analogue pouvant se mettre, au choix, dans une position basculante ou parallèle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0045009A1
EP0045009A1 EP81105547A EP81105547A EP0045009A1 EP 0045009 A1 EP0045009 A1 EP 0045009A1 EP 81105547 A EP81105547 A EP 81105547A EP 81105547 A EP81105547 A EP 81105547A EP 0045009 A1 EP0045009 A1 EP 0045009A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wing
arm
arms
control
extension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81105547A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0045009B2 (fr
EP0045009B1 (fr
Inventor
Julius Maus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gretsch Unitas GmbH
Gretsch Unitas GmbH Baubeschlaege
Original Assignee
Gretsch Unitas GmbH
Gretsch Unitas GmbH Baubeschlaege
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6107876&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0045009(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Gretsch Unitas GmbH, Gretsch Unitas GmbH Baubeschlaege filed Critical Gretsch Unitas GmbH
Priority to AT81105547T priority Critical patent/ATE5432T1/de
Publication of EP0045009A1 publication Critical patent/EP0045009A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0045009B1 publication Critical patent/EP0045009B1/fr
Publication of EP0045009B2 publication Critical patent/EP0045009B2/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/56—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements
    • E05D15/58—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements
    • E05D15/581—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements the swinging axis laying in the sliding direction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D2015/1028—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with only the wing moving transversely
    • E05D2015/1031—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with only the wing moving transversely the wing supported on arms extending from the carriage
    • E05D2015/1036—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with only the wing moving transversely the wing supported on arms extending from the carriage the arms being movable in vertical, e.g. transverse, planes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F11/00—Man-operated mechanisms for operating wings, including those which also operate the fastening
    • E05F11/53—Man-operated mechanisms for operating wings, including those which also operate the fastening for sliding windows, e.g. vehicle windows, to be opened or closed by horizontal movement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof characterised by the type of wing
    • E05Y2900/148—Windows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/32—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optionally tiltable or parallel-adjustable wing of a window, a door or the like, which is held via an upper and lower, each on the vertical spar of the wing and the associated fixed frame pivot arm.
  • To tilt the sash only the upper left and right extension arms are extended, while the lower extension arms maintain their position opposite the sash.
  • For parallel parking of the sash you put out all four extension arms.
  • This previously known window is a vertical sliding window, the sash weight of which is primarily taken up by ropes.
  • this construction is not suitable for sashes that are not held by ropes because they can only be adjusted with great effort and the load on the extension arms and the force dissipation would be unfavorable.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a wing with a fixed frame of the type mentioned, which can be adjusted in particular even with a high wing weight without great effort and in which the forces occurring are derived favorably.
  • the wing with associated fixed frame is designed according to the preamble of claim 1 according to the characterizing part of this claim. If one takes the usual dimension of parallel parking as a basis, the extension arm and the auxiliary arm can be dimensioned and attached so that their longitudinal axes have only a slight inclination with respect to the sash level both in the closed position and in the parallel storage position to the sash level, and this applies accordingly to the upper arms also in the tilted position. Thereby achieved a very favorable force transmission of the sash weight to the frame, and this leads to an unproblematic loading of these parts even with high sash weights.
  • the extension arms are supported on the fixed frame by means of rolling or sliding elements, and these are located in particular on the frame-side end of their extension arm.
  • rolling elements for example rollers or pairs of rollers
  • sliding elements are used for the upper extension arms can provide in the form of a sliding shoe or the like.
  • the rollers would work together with corresponding running rails, while a sliding rail adapted to their shape could be used for the sliding elements.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the lower extension arms are supported on at least one roller, but preferably a pair of rollers, on a running rail or the like, the roller or rollers being mounted on a roller holder, on which the frame-side end the arm is articulated.
  • the rollers or pairs of rollers therefore remain in any possible position of the wing on or in their running rail, and when the wing is tilted or placed in parallel, the extension arm is pivoted relative to the roller holder.
  • a sliding element holder is also provided on the upper extension arm, with respect to which the upper extension arm can be pivoted. Otherwise, due to the lateral arrangement of the extension and auxiliary arms, the pivoting plane of these arms runs perpendicular to the wing plane.
  • the two roller holders of the lower extension arms are connected to one another by means of a rod-shaped or tubular member, in particular a plug-in type.
  • a spike-like extension can be provided on the reel seat, on which the extension member is attached to the other reel seat.
  • each extension arm there is a control pin assigned to each extension arm, which can be actuated by means of a drive rod and which forms a control device for the adjustment of the wing with transfer members rotatably mounted on this spar, the upper and move the lower control pin while moving in opposite directions, and that the upper control pin can be moved without the lower, but not the lower without the upper. If, for example, the control pin of the lower left wing corner moves from right to left, the upper left control pin also moves from left to right. This makes it possible to use one and the same fitting element for the lower left and the upper right corner, but the upper part is upside down compared to the lower one.
  • control pin engages in an arcuate control slot of a first rotary member, which cooperates with a second rotary member in the manner of a toggle lever, both rotary members being mounted on the horizontal wing spar and in one perpendicular to the wing plane and to the pivot plane of the associated raising arm are pivotable plane, and that the second rotary member is rotatably connected to a control rod, one end of which is pivotally and slidably mounted on the horizontal wing spar and the other end of which is rotatably mounted on the raising arm.
  • the pivot plane of the latter then runs parallel to that of the rotating members.
  • the control pin connected to a push rod performs a linear movement along the lower or upper horizontal wing spar in a known manner.
  • the arc shape of the control slot is chosen so that the wing can be pivoted from the closed position into the parallel storage position or tilting position and vice versa at maximum stroke of the control pin.
  • the control rod is in a development of the invention via a ball joint on the extension arm stored.
  • control rod, the first and the second rotary member are mounted on one leg of a corner angle for the wing corner, on the other angle leg of which the raising arm and the auxiliary arm are articulated.
  • This training has the advantage that you can pre-assemble all the parts required for the controlled display and return of the wing. And can be attached as a structural unit to the wing or the wing corner. It is particularly advantageous here if the corner bracket is part of a corner drive for the drive rod, so that after mounting these four corner brackets there are at most drive rod extensions and the actuating device with the coupling device.
  • first and second rotary members are coupled to one another via a toothing or a similar device.
  • the window comprises a fixed field 1, a movable wing 2 and a fixed frame 3.
  • the movable wing 2 is held at each of its four corners by means of a scissor stay 4 on the fixed frame 3, which has a raising arm 5 and an auxiliary arm 6.
  • the upper scissors are mirror images of the lower ones, as shown in FIG. 6. If you only open the upper stay scissors, the wing takes its Tilt position on (Fig. 5), while when all four scissors the wing is in its parallel storage position, in which it can be moved along the fixed field 1. Switching takes place with the aid of a gear 7 with hand lever 8 and an additional switching device with an actuator . board 9.
  • Fig. 9 shows the wing 2 with fixed lines in the closed position and with dash-dotted lines in the parallel storage position.
  • One end 10 of the raising arm 5 is rotatable on the wing and is displaceably mounted in the direction of the double arrow 11, while its other end 12 is held on the fixed frame 3 so that it can pivot about an axis 13.
  • a bearing pin 14 of one end 10 engages in a longitudinal slot 15 of one leg 16 of a corner bracket 17.
  • the latter belongs to a so-called corner deflection 18 for a drive rod 19, the other leg of which is designated 20 (FIG. 7 ).
  • the extension arm 5 and the auxiliary arm 6 are connected to one another in an articulated manner via an axis 21.
  • the end of the auxiliary arm 6 facing away from the extension arm is rotatably mounted on the movable wing 2 by means of a further axis 22, more precisely, on the leg 16 of the corner deflector 18 mounted on the relevant corner of the movable wing.
  • the auxiliary arm 6 is located between the extension arm 5 and one Angle leg 16. Accordingly, there are two stay scissors 4 between the left and right vertical spar pair of the fixed frame and the movable wing.
  • the bearing axis 13 for the other end 12 of the extension arm 5 is held in a roller holder 23, which carries a roller 24 and 25 on the left and right, which are supported on a rail 26 of the fixed frame 3.
  • an extension member (not shown) is attached to an arm 27 of the roller holder 23, which extends to the arm 27 of the roller holder 23 of the lower right wing corner and establishes the connection therewith .
  • the raising arm 6 of each upper scissor stay carries a slide shoe holder 28 for longitudinally displaceable engagement in a slide rail 29.
  • the two slide shoe holders can also be connected to one another. Apart from the right and left hand training, this is the only difference between the fitting training at the lower and upper corners. As a result, you can use the same fitting on the upper corner as on the lower corner and only mount it in mirror image.
  • the lower drive rod 19 moves in the direction of arrow 30 and the upper drive rod parallel to it moves against arrow 30. In this case the moves Connecting drive rod of the left vertical wing spar from bottom to top, thus in the direction of arrow 31.
  • Precise parallel parking assumes that the stay scissors 4 in the parallel parking position assume a mirror image position with respect to their position with the wing closed, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the axis of rotation of the first rotary member 35 is denoted by 36.
  • a second rotary member 38 is pivotally mounted on this angle leg 20 about a further axis of rotation 37, the first rotary member being somewhat closer to the angle leg than the second. They are coupled to one another via a toothing 39 and act on a control rod 40 in the manner of a knee joint.
  • the toothing consists, for example, of teeth 41 of the first rotary member 35 and rollers 42 or bolts of the second rotary member 38 acting as counter teeth.
  • the two relative end positions of the first and second rotary members result from FIG. 8 with fixed lines on the one hand and dash-dotted lines on the other hand.
  • the illustration with the solid lines corresponds to the closed position according to FIG. 9, while the parallel storage position with dash-dotted lines is. It also corresponds to the tilt position for the upper wing end.
  • the control rod 40 is connected to the second rotary member 38 and thus indirectly also to the first rotary member 35 by means of an axis of rotation 43. Its right end in FIG. 8 is rotatable and slidable in an elongated hole 44 of the angled leg 20. For this purpose it carries a bearing pin 45. The left end, however, engages in a receptacle of the extension arm 5, not shown in any more detail, which is located approximately in the middle between the axes 13 and 21. In particular, a gimbal 50, e.g. in the form of a ball joint.
  • the control rod 40 is designed as a straight rod, with bearing elements arranged at its two ends as described above, and with the axis of rotation 43 located approximately in the middle.
  • the second rotary member 38 has essentially the shape of an acute, isosceles triangle, at the corners of which is aligned Fig. 8 are the gear rollers 42 and the axes of rotation 37 and 43. In the closed position of the wing, its axis of symmetry extends approximately in the longitudinal direction of the angle leg 20 of the corner deflection. As shown in FIG. 8, the arcuate control slot 34 of the rotary member 35 has only a relatively weak curvature, and its length roughly corresponds to three times the diameter of the control pin 33.
  • the drive rod 19 is displaced in the direction of arrow 30, this causes the first rotary member 35 to rotate about it Axis 36 in the sense of arrow 47.
  • the first rotating member acts in a rotating sense on the second rotating member 38, which rotates in the direction of arrow 48 about its axis of rotation 37, ie the toggle lever consisting of the two parts collapses.
  • the second rotary member 38 causes a relative rotary movement of the control rod 40 in the direction of arrow 49 about the rotary bearing 50 on the raising arm 5, which is pivoted together with the latter about the axis 13.
  • the wing is adjusted in the direction of arrow 51 via the bearing pin 45. The return of the wing takes place in the opposite direction by moving the drive rods in the opposite direction of arrow 30.
  • the control pin 33 passes through a guide slot 52 of the angle leg 20.
  • the vertical drive rod which can be displaced with the aid of the hand lever 8, is subdivided on the closure side of the movable wing 2, and these two parts can be uncoupled or uncoupled from one another with the aid of a coupling device, not shown.
  • the coupling is carried out by rotating the actuator 9, preferably 90 degrees. Accordingly, the lower drive rod 19 can only be displaced if the clutch has been previously engaged with the aid of the actuating member 9. In contrast, the upper vertical drive rod is constantly coupled to the transmission 7.
EP81105547A 1980-07-23 1981-07-15 Battant d'une fenêtre, porte ou analogue pouvant se mettre, au choix, dans une position basculante ou parallèle Expired EP0045009B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81105547T ATE5432T1 (de) 1980-07-23 1981-07-15 Wahlweise kipp- oder parallel abstellbarer fluegel eines fensters, einer tuer od. dgl.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3027835 1980-07-23
DE19803027835 DE3027835A1 (de) 1980-07-23 1980-07-23 Wahlweise kipp- oder parallel abstellbarer fluegel eines fensters, einer tuer o.dgl.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0045009A1 true EP0045009A1 (fr) 1982-02-03
EP0045009B1 EP0045009B1 (fr) 1983-11-23
EP0045009B2 EP0045009B2 (fr) 1988-12-14

Family

ID=6107876

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105547A Expired EP0045009B2 (fr) 1980-07-23 1981-07-15 Battant d'une fenêtre, porte ou analogue pouvant se mettre, au choix, dans une position basculante ou parallèle

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4453345A (fr)
EP (1) EP0045009B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5751386A (fr)
AT (1) ATE5432T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3027835A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK326881A (fr)
YU (1) YU180381A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4449325A (en) * 1982-06-29 1984-05-22 Consort Aluminium Limited Adjustable window assembly
EP2384386B1 (fr) 2009-01-11 2017-03-01 HAUTAU GmbH Chariot compact pour battant de poids élevé pouvant effectuer un déplacement longitudinal
EP1959080B1 (fr) 2007-02-15 2017-12-27 HAUTAU GmbH Butée de battant mobile de fenêtre ou de porte

Families Citing this family (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3234677C2 (de) * 1982-09-18 1986-10-23 Gretsch-Unitas GmbH Baubeschläge, 7257 Ditzingen Beschlag für einen zumindest parallelabstellbaren Flügel eines Fensters, einer Tür od. dgl.
DE3310020C3 (de) * 1983-03-19 1997-09-04 Gretsch Unitas Gmbh Beschlag für einen zumindest kippbaren und parallelabstellbaren Flügel eines Fensters, einer Tür od. dgl.
DE3343366A1 (de) * 1983-11-30 1985-06-05 Schaumburg-Lippische Baubeschlag-Fabrik W. Hautau GmbH, 3061 Helpsen Beschlag fuer den schiebefluegel von fenstern oder tueren
DE3639998A1 (de) * 1986-11-22 1988-06-01 Siegenia Frank Kg Beschlag fuer einen parallelabstellbaren horizontalschiebefluegel von fenstern, tueren od. dgl.
US4765346A (en) * 1986-11-24 1988-08-23 General Motors Corporation Ashtray assembly
DE3829053C2 (de) * 1988-08-26 1994-02-17 Winkhaus Fa August Dreh-Beschlag oder Dreh-Kipp-Beschlag von Fenstern, Türen oder dergleichen
US5257477A (en) * 1991-09-24 1993-11-02 Kvasnes Of Norway, Ltd. Roller mechanism for sliding panel
DE19929818B4 (de) * 1999-06-30 2014-06-18 Siegenia-Aubi Kg Beschlag für ein Fenster oder eine Tür mit einer Spaltöffnungsstellung
US7325359B2 (en) * 2004-05-28 2008-02-05 Truth Hardware Corporation Projection window operator
KR101265925B1 (ko) 2007-11-20 2013-05-20 (주)엘지하우시스 창짝의 프로젝트 및 케이스먼트 겸용 하드웨어
CN102852432B (zh) * 2012-08-23 2014-10-22 万阁门窗系统（上海）有限公司 内倒推拉窗
DE102016202377A1 (de) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-17 Roto Frank Ag Beschlaganordnung zur Anbindung eines schieb- und kippbaren Flügels
US10982477B2 (en) * 2017-06-09 2021-04-20 Endura Products, Llc Sliding door unit and components for the same
CN108360939B (zh) * 2018-04-11 2024-03-22 南通盛佳门窗装饰有限公司 一种飘移窗用连接件
RU2710504C1 (ru) * 2018-12-14 2019-12-26 Валерий Павлович Дарьин Окно, открывающееся в 3-х направлениях, и механизм для осуществления этих направлений
CN112127765B (zh) * 2020-09-08 2022-09-09 陈会良 一种选边开关云伯门
DE202021102238U1 (de) 2021-04-27 2022-08-03 SCHÜCO International KG Drehkippfenster und Beschlaganordnung

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FR1576924A (fr) * 1967-08-12 1969-08-01
DE1963309A1 (de) * 1968-12-18 1970-07-09 Frangeco Vorrichtung an Schiebetueren
FR2321030A1 (fr) * 1975-08-13 1977-03-11 Gretsch Unitas Gmbh Fenetre coulissante et basculante
FR2335382A1 (fr) * 1975-12-20 1977-07-15 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Mecanisme de commande de porte coulissante a encastrement pour vehicules ferroviaires
DE2700598A1 (de) * 1977-01-08 1978-07-13 Fuhr C Fa Schiebefenster
DE2839797A1 (de) * 1978-08-28 1980-03-06 Koller Metallbau Ag Fenster mit einem kippbaren und horizontal verschiebbaren fluegel

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1576924A (fr) * 1967-08-12 1969-08-01
DE1708204A1 (de) * 1967-08-12 1971-04-22 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Beschlag zur Lagerung und Fuehrung eines Ausstellgestaenges an Fenstern,Tueren od. dgl.
DE1963309A1 (de) * 1968-12-18 1970-07-09 Frangeco Vorrichtung an Schiebetueren
FR2321030A1 (fr) * 1975-08-13 1977-03-11 Gretsch Unitas Gmbh Fenetre coulissante et basculante
FR2335382A1 (fr) * 1975-12-20 1977-07-15 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Mecanisme de commande de porte coulissante a encastrement pour vehicules ferroviaires
DE2700598A1 (de) * 1977-01-08 1978-07-13 Fuhr C Fa Schiebefenster
DE2839797A1 (de) * 1978-08-28 1980-03-06 Koller Metallbau Ag Fenster mit einem kippbaren und horizontal verschiebbaren fluegel

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4449325A (en) * 1982-06-29 1984-05-22 Consort Aluminium Limited Adjustable window assembly
EP1959080B1 (fr) 2007-02-15 2017-12-27 HAUTAU GmbH Butée de battant mobile de fenêtre ou de porte
EP3216958B1 (fr) 2007-02-15 2018-05-02 HAUTAU GmbH Ferrure pour un battant coulissant
EP2384386B1 (fr) 2009-01-11 2017-03-01 HAUTAU GmbH Chariot compact pour battant de poids élevé pouvant effectuer un déplacement longitudinal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3027835A1 (de) 1982-03-04
DK326881A (da) 1982-01-24
JPS6147268B2 (fr) 1986-10-18
YU180381A (en) 1983-10-31
EP0045009B2 (fr) 1988-12-14
DE3027835C2 (fr) 1987-06-25
ATE5432T1 (de) 1983-12-15
US4453345A (en) 1984-06-12
JPS5751386A (en) 1982-03-26
EP0045009B1 (fr) 1983-11-23

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