EP0000287B1 - A hydro-pneumatic spring suspension strut for motor vehicles - Google Patents

A hydro-pneumatic spring suspension strut for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000287B1
EP0000287B1 EP78300106A EP78300106A EP0000287B1 EP 0000287 B1 EP0000287 B1 EP 0000287B1 EP 78300106 A EP78300106 A EP 78300106A EP 78300106 A EP78300106 A EP 78300106A EP 0000287 B1 EP0000287 B1 EP 0000287B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shock absorber
pneumatic spring
spring
piston
strut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78300106A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0000287A1 (en
Inventor
József Körösladányi
Jenö Mádi
Sándor Szabó
László Vad
Ottó Farkas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat
Autoipari Kutato Intezet
Ikarus Karosszeria es Jarmugyar
Original Assignee
Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat
Autoipari Kutato Intezet
Ikarus Karosszeria es Jarmugyar
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat, Autoipari Kutato Intezet, Ikarus Karosszeria es Jarmugyar filed Critical Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat
Publication of EP0000287A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000287A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000287B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000287B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F16F9/512—Means responsive to load action, i.e. static load on the damper or dynamic fluid pressure changes in the damper, e.g. due to changes in velocity
    • F16F9/5123—Means responsive to load action, i.e. static load on the damper or dynamic fluid pressure changes in the damper, e.g. due to changes in velocity responsive to the static or steady-state load on the damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/26—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs
    • B60G11/27—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs wherein the fluid is a gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/08—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring
    • B60G15/12—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring and fluid damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/06—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
    • F16F9/08—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid where gas is in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/084—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid where gas is in a chamber with a flexible wall comprising a gas spring contained within a flexible wall, the wall not being in contact with the damping fluid, i.e. mounted externally on the damper cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/30—Spring/Damper and/or actuator Units
    • B60G2202/31—Spring/Damper and/or actuator Units with the spring arranged around the damper, e.g. MacPherson strut
    • B60G2202/314—The spring being a pneumatic spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/128—Damper mount on vehicle body or chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/41—Elastic mounts, e.g. bushings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S267/00—Spring devices
    • Y10S267/01—Constant height

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a hydro-pneumatic spring suspension strut for motor vehicles including an air spring and a one-way hydraulic telescopic shock absorber the damping force of which varies according to the load on the strut, i.e. on the motor vehicle.
  • the vehicle body is suspended by an air spring mounted between the body and the running wheels with an hydraulic telescopic shock absorber connected in parallel with the air spring.
  • the height of the vehicle body is maintained substantially constant, independently of the load on the vehicle, by interposing a height corrector valve, and as a consequence of the characteristics of the air spring, the natural frequency of the vehicle can be adjusted to a favourably low value.
  • the hydraulic shock absorber exerts a damping force proportional to the velocity of that relative movement and converts the kinetic energy of the oscillating movements of the vehicle into heat.
  • an integrated unit consists of a load-bearing air spring and coil spring and a shock-absorber.
  • the aim of this construction is to achieve load-independent vehicle body height and load-dependent damping.
  • the load-bearing part of the coil spring is formed as a rigid cylinder having two parts separated by a sealing piston.
  • One part constitutes a load-proportional hydraulic chamber containing an hydraulic liquid the volume of which varies to maintain the height of the vehicle constant.
  • This chamber is connected by a valve system to the shock absorber disposed within the inner cylinder of the spring. When the shock absorber is compressed the hydraulic liquid that is displaced is forced into the hydraulic chamber. Thus in this direction of movement the damping force is proportional to the load.
  • a hydro-pneumatic spring suspension strut for vehicles which provides damping proportionally to the load, comprising an hydraulic telescopic shock absorber and a load-bearing pneumatic spring connectable to a source of pressurised gaseous fluid, the gas space of the pneumatic spring being bounded by a resilient wall and a rigid wall and the constructional elements of the shock absorber being in part arranged in the gas space of the pneumatic spring, one of the two relatively movable elements of the shock absorber being connected to an auxiliary membrane that is subjected to the pressure prevailing in the gas space of the pneumatic spring.
  • the auxiliary membrane forms a boundary for the hydraulic liquid and is sealingly connected between the piston rod and the cylinder of the shock absorber and transmits the pneumatic pressure of the air spring to the hydraulic liquid in the shock absorber.
  • the hydraulic liquid is pressurised to reduce danger of cavitation, but this auxiliary membrane does not materially influence the damping characteristics of the shock absorber.
  • the aim of this invention as defined in the appended claims is to overcome, or at least-to reduce, the above-described disadvantages of known suspension struts and to provide improved struts wherein the magnitude of the damping force varies with variations in the load on the spring strut, i.e. on the vehicle, without the use of hydraulic control and valves.
  • the aim of the invention is sought to be achieved by not fixing one of the cylinders or the piston rods of the shock absorber - preferably not fixing the cylinder, to the running gear (wheels) or to the vehicle body- but instead subjecting it to the pressure of the air in the air space of the air spring with the aid of an auxiliary membrane, whereby to load it in the direction of extension so that in its rest position the cylinder (or piston rod) bears against the element the oscillation of which is to be damped, but can also move away from that element.
  • the hydro-pneumatic spring suspension strut of this invention is characterised in that the auxiliary membrane is connected between the said one movable element and one of the rigid walls of the strut to urge said one movable element to move relative to said one rigid wall in the direction of extension of the strut whereby to limit the damping proportionally to the load, and abutment means for limiting the movement of said one element.
  • both the resilient jacket of the air spring and the auxiliary membrane are constituted as rolling membranes and the piston of the air spring is arranged on a piston column so that it can be rigidly connected to the running gear.
  • the shock absorber cylinder has an end face formed as an abutment surface capable of co-operating with a counter-abutment surface formed in the piston column.
  • the piston rod of the shock absorber is connected to a rigid wall of the air spring, which wall can be fixed to the vehicle body.
  • the outer rim of the auxiliary membrane is sealingly fixed to this auxiliary piston, while the counter-abutment is disposed in the above-mentioned rigid wall of the air spring; and there is a guide pin in a guide bush fixed to an end face of the shock absorber cylinder which face serves as a supporting surface and is provided with a resilient bearing plate, the end face of the guide bush serving as the counter-abutment of the above-mentioned bearing plate.
  • a stop plate is arranged on the end of the guide pin projecting beyond the guide bush to limit the extent of resilient extension, and the stop plate carries an abutment or impact damping spring bearing against the end face of the guide bush.
  • the hydraulic telescopic shock absorber forming part of the spring suspension strut according to the present invention is a so-called one-way shock absorber which is a term of art signifying that its damping force for the same oscillation velocity on extension (in tension) is several times greater than on retraction (in compression).
  • the load-dependent limitation of the damping force which in practice is generated only one extension, ensures that the damping of the vehicle remains approximately the same at partial load as at full load.
  • the strut also establishes the limits of the movements in extension and in compression.
  • the stroke of the shock absorber forming part of the spring strut is shorter than the total springing path of movement of the spring strut, the difference being equal to or greater than the amplitude of those oscillations of the wheels on a smooth road surface which are caused by the resilience of the tyres and by any unbalance of the wheels.
  • its cylinder may be finned or may have a finned cooling head, to improve its cooling.
  • the strut 1 consists of three main parts, namely an air spring 2, an hydraulic shock absorber 3 and a support member 5 on which the different elements are supported and mounted; hereafter the member 5 will be referred to as "piston column 5".
  • the air spring 2 of Figure 1 is a rolling membrane type of air spring with a rigid wall portion 7 adapted to be connected to the body of the vehicle, not shown in Figure 1, by way of bolts 9.
  • An air coupling duct 8 extends through the wall 7 and communicates with the internal air space of the air spring 2, the duct 8 being connectable to a source of air in the vehicle.
  • the membrane 6 has an inner rim 11 sealingly fixed to a rim 12 of the piston 4 by means of a locking ring 14.
  • the locking ring 14 also fixes and seals the outer rim 13 of an auxiliary membrane 15 the inner rim 16 of which is fixed to a collar 17 on the outer surface 23 of a cylinder 22 forming part of the shock absorber 3.
  • the auxiliary membrane 15 can roll on the inner surface 19 of the piston 4 of the air spring 2 as well as on the outer surface 23 of the shock absorber cylinder 22.
  • the shock absorber 3 is a telescopic, one-way type of shock absorber having an apertured and valved piston 21 connected to one end of a piston rod 20 the other end of which is connected to a block 10 of the wall 7.
  • the magnitude of the forces generated on the piston 21 on extension is a multiple of those in compression, which in practice is considered to be a one-way mode of operation.
  • the cylinder 22 is extended downwardly in the form of a guide pin 26 guided in a guide bush 27, the outer surface of which is part-spherically convex and engages a complementarily concave, part- spherical seat 33 formed in a connecting rim portion 29 of the piston column 5.
  • Planar end faces 32, 34 of the bush 27 serve as supporting and stop faces.
  • the end face 34 is a counter-abutment surface to the bearing rim 24 of the shock-absorber cylinder 22, or more particularly, to a resilient bearing plate 25 disposed on the bearing rim 24.
  • the end face 32 is a counter-abutment surface to an abutment disc 31 serving to limit the extension of the shock absorber.
  • the disc 31 is mounted at the end of the guide pin 26 and is separated from the face 32 by a spring 30 of elastomeric material.
  • the connecting rim 29 has bolts 28 for clamping the strut 1 to the vehicle wheels or to a part moving with the wheels.
  • the extension of the spring strut 1 is limited by the disc 31 of the shock absorber 3 which means that the springing path of the spring strut 1 is longer than the maximum displacement of the shock absorber 3.
  • the surface area of the auxiliary membrane 15 is chosen to be approximately one-third of the effective surface area of the rolling membrane 6 and its displacement is one-fifth of the total spring path length of the strut 1.
  • the damping force cannot exceed the value determined by, and proportional to, the air pressure of the auxiliary membrane 15 and the air spring 2. Since the static air pressure is proportional to the load on the spring strut 1, when the latter extends, a load-proportional limitation of the damping force is ensured.
  • the dynamic variation of the air pressure during the oscillations has very little effect on the load-proportional limitation of the damping force because, on the one hand, for the most frequently applied suspensions of motor vehicles, the variation of the pressure of the air in the air springs is only about ⁇ 10% of the static pressure in most practical cases and, on the other hand, the oscillation lags in phase behind the oscillation path.
  • the extension of the spring strut 1 is reliably limited by the fact that the stroke of the shock absorber 3 is shorter than the path length of springing movement of the spring strut 1 and in a fully extended position first the piston 21 of the shock absorber cylinder 22 mechanically abuts the end of the cylinder and the guide pin 26 is displaced in the bush 27, which compresses the elastomeric spring 30 and then abuts the stop disc 31.
  • FIG. 2 differs from that of Figure 1 mainly in that it is the cylinder 22 of the shock absorber 3 mounted in a spring strut generally designated by 35 that is fixed to the body of the motor vehicle while the piston rod 20 is fixed, directly or indirectly, to the wheels.
  • An auxiliary piston 36 forming part of a rigid wall 7 is secured to the outer rim 13 of the auxiliary membrane 15 at its rim 38 so that the membrane 15 can roll on the inner surface 37 of the piston 36.
  • the guide pin 26 of the cylinder 22 of the shock absorber 3 is guided in the guide bush 27 mounted in the wall 7.
  • the air spring piston 4 has a connecting rim 39 by which it can be fixed to the wheels, with the aid of bolts 40.
  • the mode of operation of the spring strut 35 is essentially the same as that of the spring strut 1 shown in Figure 1.
  • the space requirements of the two struts 1 and 35 are the same.
  • a consideration in choosing between these two spring struts is whether the space requirements of the guide pin 26 and the damping spring 30 are better accommodated in the vehicle body or in the coupling to the wheels.
  • Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of a strut mounted in a vehicle and designated generally by 41.
  • the main advantage of the spring strut 41 shown in Figure 3, as compared with the struts 1 and 35 is its reduced longitudinal dimensions, i.e. its reduced size in the direction of the axis of the shock absorber. The difference is equal to the combined length of the guide pin 26 and the stop disc 31 in Figure 2.
  • the wall 7 is fixed to a body 51 by bolts 9, and a connection rim 49 of the air spring piston 4 is fixed to a bridge body 50 by bolts 48.
  • the air supply system feeding the air spring consists of a compressor 57, a duct 55b connecting the compressor 57 to a tank 56, a duct 55a connecting the tank 56 to a height corrector (height level control) valve 54.
  • the pressure coupling 8 of the air spring 2 is connected through a duct 52 to the control valve 54 which is connected to the bridge body 50 by an articulated link 53.
  • the main difference between the spring strut 41 of Fig. 3 and the spring strut 1 shown in Figure 1 is that there is a stop collar 42 on the cylinder 22 of the shock absorber which is disposed between two resilient support rings 45, 46 for limiting cylinder displacement, and the rings 45,46 are embedded in a groove 43 in the rim 12 of the air spring piston 4.
  • An elastomeric stop 47 is secured on the air spring piston 4 for limiting the "bounce" of the strut 41.
  • the distance between the two rings 45, 46 is chosen to be equal to or greater than the amplitude of wheel oscillations, on a smooth road surface, due to the resilience of the tyres and any unbalance of the wheels.
  • the wall 7 and body part 51 are supported by the stop 47.
  • the air compressor 57 fills the tank 56 with air which then enters the air spring 2 via the height control valve 54 until the level reaches the preset value independently of the load of the vehicle.
  • the control valve 54 closes and remains closed within the predetermined spring path length. In this way the pressure in the air spring 2 is proportional to the load and the force exerted on the auxiliary membrane 15 is also proportional to the air pressure.
  • the stop collar 42 of the cylinder 22 of the shock absorber 3 is supported on the ring 45.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
EP78300106A 1977-06-30 1978-06-29 A hydro-pneumatic spring suspension strut for motor vehicles Expired EP0000287B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU77AU377A HU174666B (hu) 1977-06-30 1977-06-30 Amortizator s vozdushnoj pruzhinoj i teleskopicheskim gasitelem kolebanij k avtomashinam dlja amortizacii kolebanij v zavisimosti ot nagruzki
HUAU000377 1977-06-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000287A1 EP0000287A1 (en) 1979-01-10
EP0000287B1 true EP0000287B1 (en) 1982-02-17

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ID=10993256

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78300106A Expired EP0000287B1 (en) 1977-06-30 1978-06-29 A hydro-pneumatic spring suspension strut for motor vehicles

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4325541A (ro)
EP (1) EP0000287B1 (ro)
JP (1) JPS5470520A (ro)
BG (1) BG41477A3 (ro)
CS (1) CS222266B2 (ro)
DE (1) DE2861632D1 (ro)
DK (1) DK151247C (ro)
HU (1) HU174666B (ro)
IT (1) IT1206581B (ro)
PL (1) PL128434B1 (ro)
RO (1) RO76797A (ro)

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BG41477A3 (en) 1987-06-15
DE2861632D1 (en) 1982-03-25
CS222266B2 (en) 1983-06-24
JPS6127201B2 (ro) 1986-06-24
RO76797A (ro) 1981-05-30
IT7883412A0 (it) 1978-06-29
DK151247C (da) 1988-04-11
US4325541A (en) 1982-04-20
DK295578A (da) 1978-12-31
EP0000287A1 (en) 1979-01-10
HU174666B (hu) 1980-03-28
JPS5470520A (en) 1979-06-06
PL208072A1 (pl) 1979-02-26
PL128434B1 (en) 1984-01-31
DK151247B (da) 1987-11-16
IT1206581B (it) 1989-04-27

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