DE69318628T2 - Aus einem Pflanzenöl und einer Zusatzkonditionierung zusammengesetztes Zweitaktzyklusschmiermittel - Google Patents
Aus einem Pflanzenöl und einer Zusatzkonditionierung zusammengesetztes ZweitaktzyklusschmiermittelInfo
- Publication number
- DE69318628T2 DE69318628T2 DE69318628T DE69318628T DE69318628T2 DE 69318628 T2 DE69318628 T2 DE 69318628T2 DE 69318628 T DE69318628 T DE 69318628T DE 69318628 T DE69318628 T DE 69318628T DE 69318628 T2 DE69318628 T2 DE 69318628T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- carbon atoms
- aliphatic
- nitrogen
- phenol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 12
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 42
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 12
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 41
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 28
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000802 nitrating effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002103 osmometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
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- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- VENBJVSTINLYEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;trifluoroborane Chemical compound FB(F)F.OC1=CC=CC=C1 VENBJVSTINLYEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005040 tridecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
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Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US91096092A | 1992-07-09 | 1992-07-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69318628D1 DE69318628D1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
DE69318628T2 true DE69318628T2 (de) | 1999-02-11 |
Family
ID=25429568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69318628T Expired - Fee Related DE69318628T2 (de) | 1992-07-09 | 1993-07-08 | Aus einem Pflanzenöl und einer Zusatzkonditionierung zusammengesetztes Zweitaktzyklusschmiermittel |
Country Status (11)
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW291495B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1994-08-03 | 1996-11-21 | Lubrizol Corp | |
US5658864A (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1997-08-19 | Ethyl Corporation | Biodegradable pour point depressants for industrial fluids derived from biodegradable base oils |
DE19747854A1 (de) | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-12 | Fuchs Petrolub Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schmierung und gleichzeitigen Kraftstoffversorgung eines pflanzenöl-tauglichen Verbrennungsmotors |
CA2225352C (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2003-10-21 | Nam Fong Han | Vegetable derived petroleum jelly replacement |
JP2000080391A (ja) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-21 | Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk | 2サイクルガソリンエンジン用潤滑油およびそれに用いる希釈剤組成物 |
GB2416172B (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2009-04-22 | Alan Edwin Jemmett | Rapeseed oil lubricant |
GB2421028A (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-14 | Derek Lowe | Fuel for two-stroke engines |
EA200701285A1 (ru) * | 2004-12-14 | 2007-12-28 | Си. Эм. ИНТЕЛЛЕКЧУАЛ ПРОПЕРТИ ЭНД РИСЕРЧ, ИНК. | Состав и способы для улучшения характеристики смазки, температуры текучести и топлива |
JP2006274058A (ja) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-12 | Nippon Oil Corp | 農業又は林業機械用潤滑油 |
JP4801919B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-29 | 2011-10-26 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 農業又は林業機械用潤滑油 |
US8778034B2 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2014-07-15 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Biodegradable fuel performance additives |
US8671467B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2014-03-18 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence | Head protection system |
CN101245282B (zh) * | 2008-03-25 | 2011-05-25 | 佛山市顺德区远茂化工实业有限公司 | 一种金属拉丝润滑剂 |
CN104911001B (zh) * | 2015-06-05 | 2018-04-24 | 广西大学 | 米勒循环发动机润滑剂组合物 |
CN113512460B (zh) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-10-21 | 福建科恩优路润滑油有限公司 | 抗磨清洁型车用润滑油及其制备工艺 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE781636A (fr) * | 1972-04-04 | 1972-07-31 | Labofina Sa | Compositions lubrifiantes pour moteurs deux-temps. |
IN145085B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1976-01-28 | 1978-08-19 | Lubrizol Corp | |
FI66899C (fi) * | 1983-02-11 | 1984-12-10 | Kasvisoeljy Vaextolje Ab Oy | Smoerjmedel med triglycerider som huvudkomponent |
US5155244A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1992-10-13 | Karlshamns Ab | Preparation of antioxidant glyceride derivatives utilizing esterification |
JPH06502683A (ja) * | 1991-08-09 | 1994-03-24 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | トリグリセリド、清浄−防止添加剤、および粘度改良添加剤を有する機能性流体 |
-
1993
- 1993-07-03 TW TW082105306A patent/TW253907B/zh active
- 1993-07-07 AU AU41778/93A patent/AU670791B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-07-07 CA CA002100030A patent/CA2100030C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-08 ZA ZA934917A patent/ZA934917B/xx unknown
- 1993-07-08 EP EP93305348A patent/EP0578495B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-08 AT AT93305348T patent/ATE166382T1/de active
- 1993-07-08 CN CN93108691A patent/CN1033704C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-08 SG SG1996001211A patent/SG48751A1/en unknown
- 1993-07-08 DE DE69318628T patent/DE69318628T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-08 ES ES93305348T patent/ES2116412T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-09 JP JP5170728A patent/JPH06200279A/ja not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA934917B (en) | 1994-02-09 |
ES2116412T3 (es) | 1998-07-16 |
JPH06200279A (ja) | 1994-07-19 |
DE69318628D1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
EP0578495A1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
SG48751A1 (en) | 1998-05-18 |
CN1033704C (zh) | 1997-01-01 |
EP0578495B1 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
AU4177893A (en) | 1994-01-13 |
ATE166382T1 (de) | 1998-06-15 |
CA2100030A1 (en) | 1994-01-10 |
CA2100030C (en) | 2003-10-21 |
AU670791B2 (en) | 1996-08-01 |
CN1081465A (zh) | 1994-02-02 |
TW253907B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1995-08-11 |
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