AU670791B2 - Two-stroke cycle lubricant composed of a vegetable oil and an additive package - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of: (A) at least one natural oil comprising an animal oil or vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride of the formula <CHEM> wherein R<1>, R<2> and R<3> are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms and (B)(I) a detergent/dispersant comprising at least one acylated, nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms made by reacting a carboxylic acylating agent with at least one amino compound containing at least one -NH group, said acylating agent being linked to said amino compound through an imido, amido, amidine, or acyloxy ammonium linkage. In another embodiment, the invention comprises a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of: (A) the natural oil as described above with (B) at least one detergent-dispersant selected from the group consisting of (I) the acylated, nitrogen-containing compound as described above, (II) at least one neutral or basic metal salt of an organic sulfur acid, phenol or carboxylic acid; (III) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted amine wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is substantially aliphatic and contains at least 12 carbon atoms with the proviso that said amine is not the amino phenol (C); and (IV) at least one nitrogen-containing condensate of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound having at least one -NH group; and (C) at least one amino phenol of the general formula <CHEM> wherein R<4> is a substantially saturated, hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms; a, b and c are each independently in integer of one up to three time the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar with the proviso that the sum of a, b and c does not exceed the unsaturated valences of Ar; and Ar is an aromatic moiety having 0-3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, halo or combinations of two or more of said substituents.

Description

P100/011 Roubation 3,2

AUSTRALIA

PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT

ORIGINAL

0 a.r 0** TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Jame of Applicant THE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION Actual Inventor(s): William Bricker Chamberlin iI "Address for Service: CALLINAN LAWRIE, 278 High Street, Kew, 3101, Victoria, Australia Invention Title: "TWO-STROKE CYCLE LUBRICANT COMPOSED OF A VEGETABLE OIL AND AN ADDITIVE PACKAGE" The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:- -1- L L~ I la Q 2625-R/A TITLE: A TWO-STROKE CYCLE LUBRICANT COMPOSED OF A VEGETABLE OIL AND AN ADDITIVE PACKAGE Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an additive package dissolved in a naturally occurring triglyceride such that a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition is obtained. The composition thus obtained has utility in two-stroke cycle, spark-ignited internal combustion engines when combined with fuels before or during use.

:eo Background of the Invention oooo Over the past several decades the use of spark-ignited two-stroke cycle internal combustion engines including rotary engines such as those of the Wankel type has steadily increased. They are presently found in power lawn mowers and other power-operated garden equipment, power chain saws, pumps, electrical generators, marine outboard engines, snow mobiles, motorcycles and the like.

The increasing use of two-stroke cycle engines coupled with increasing severity of the conditions in which they have operated has led to increasing demand for oils to lubricate adequately such engines. Among the problems associated with lubrication of two-stroke cycle engines are piston ring sticking, rusting, lubrication failure of connecting rod and main bearings and the general formation on the engine's interior surfaces of carbon and varnish deposits. The formation of varnish is a particularly vexatious problem since the build-up of varnish on piston and cylinder walls is believe to ultimately result in ring sticking which leads to failure of the sealing function of piston ring(s). Such seal failure causes loss of cylinder compression which is particularly damaging in two-stroke cycle engines because they depend on suction to draw the -2new fuel charge into the exhausted cylinder. Thus, ring sticking can lead to deterioration in engine performance and unnecessary consumption of fuel and/or lubricant.

Spark plug fouling and engine port plugging problems also occur in two-stroke cycle engines.

The unique problems and techniques associated with the lubrication of two-stroke cycle engines has led to the recognition by those skilled in the art of two-stroke cycle engine lubricants as a distinct lubricant type. See, for example, US Patents 3,085,975; 3,004,837; and 3,753,905.

US Patent 4,100,082 (Clason et al, July 11, 1978) relates to additive combinations useful in oils of lubricating viscosity and normally liquid fuels. More particularly, this reference relatzs to additive 15 combinations of amino phenols with certain detergent/dispersants and to oils and fuels containing same which are especially useful in two-stroke cycle engines.

US Patent 4,663,063 (Davis, May 5, 1987) relates to additive combinations useful in lubricating compositions containing a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the additive combination.

The lubricants are useful in two-stroke cycle internal combustion engines. More particularly, the reference relates to additive compositions comprising a mixture of at least one alkyl phenol having at least one hydrocarbonbased group of at least about 10 aliphatic carbon atoms and at least one amino compound which is not an aminophenol.

Since two-stroke cycle engine oils are often combined with fuels before or during use, this reference also relates to two-stroke cycle fuel-lubricant mixtures.

US Patent 4,708,809 (Davis, November 24, 1987) relates to lubricant compositions containing a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of at least one alkyl phenol. The lubricants are useful in two-stroke cycle internal combustion engines. More particularly, the 3 references relates to such oils containing alkyl phenols having at least one hydrocarbon-based group of at least about 10 aliphatic carbon atoms. Since two-stroke cycle engine oils are often combined with fuels before or during use, this reference also relates to two-stroke cycle fuellubricant mixtures.

Summary of the Invention This invention comprises i nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of: at least one natural oil comprising an animal oil or vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride of the formula 0

II

CH

2

-O-C-R

1 0 CH--O0-C-R 2 Formula I 0 25

II

CH

2

-O-C-R

3 wherein R 1

R

2 and R 3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms and a detergent/dispersant comprising at least one acylated, nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms made by reacting a carboxylic acylating agent with at least one amino compound containing at least one -NH group, said acylating agent being linked to said amino compound through an imidazoline imido, amido, amidine, or acyloxy ammonium linkage.

~I *4 In another embodiment, the invention comprises a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of: the natural oil as described above with at least one detergent-dispersant selected from the group consisting of the acylated, nitrogen-containing compound as described above, (II) at least one neutral or basic metal salt of an organic sulfur acid, phenol or carboxylic acid; (III) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted amine wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is substantially ~aliphatic and contains at least 12 carbon atoms with the proviso that said amine is not the amino phenol 15 and (IV) at least one nitrogen-containing condensate of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound having at least one -NH group; and at least one amino phenol of the general formula

(OH)C

Formula II 2

(R

4 Ar-- (NH)b wherein R 4 is a substantially saturated, hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms; a, b and c are each independently in integer of one up to three time the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar with the proviso that the sum of a, b and c does not exceed the unsaturated valences of Ar; and Ar is an aromatic moiety having 0-3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, halo or combinations of two or more of said substituents.

I _I _I 5 Detailed Description of the Invention The Natural Oil In practicing this invention a natural oil is employed which is an animal or vegetable oil of a triglyceride of the formula 0

II

CH

2 0-C -R 1 O (I) CH- O- C -R 2

I*

CH? O- C-R 3 Within structure R 1

R

2 and R 3 are hydrocarbyl groups independently containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. The term "hydrocarbyl group" as used herein denotes a radical having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule. Within the context of this 20 invention, the hydrocarbyl group is of predominately aliphatic hydrocarbon character. Such aliphatic hydrocarbon groups include the following: Aliphatic hydrocarbon groups; that is, alkyl groups such as heptyl, nonyl, undecyl, tridecyl, heptadecyl; alkenyl groups containing a single double bond such as heptenyl, nonenyl, undecenyl, tridecenyl, heptadecenyl, heneicosenyl; alkenyl groups containing 2 or 3 double bonds such as 8,11-heptadecadienyl and 8,11,14heptadecatrienyl. All isomers of these are included, but straight chain groups are preferred.

Substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon groups; that is groups containing non-hydrocarbon substituents which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group. Those skilled in the art will be aware of suitable substituents; 6 examples are hydroxy, carbalkoxy, (especially lower carbalkoxy) and alkoxy (especially lower alkoxy), the term, "lower" denoting groups containing not more than 7 carbon atoms.

Hetero groups; that is, groups which, while having predominantly aliphatic hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention, contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of aliphatic carbon atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example, oxygen and sulfur.

The hydrocarbyl groups may be saturated or unsaturated or a mixture of both. The preferred triglycerides are .those in which the aliphatic groups represented by R 1

R

2 and R 3 have from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. Typical triglycerides employed within the instant invention include coconut oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, (both high erucic and low erucic), high oleic rapeseed oil, high oleic sunflower oil, 20 cottonseed oil, peanut oil, corn oil, high oleic corn oil, castor oil, meadowfoam oil, lesquerella oil, soybean oil, palm olein, palm kernel oil, sesame oil, vernonia oil, as well as animal oils and fats having the prescribed structure formula such as lard oil and beef tallow.

It is preferred that the triglyceride be of a vegetable oil.

The naturally occurring triglycerides are not chemically pure. That is, while soybean oil satisfies a parameter of structure wherein R 1

R

2 and R 3 contain from about 8 to 24 carbon atoms, soybean oil contains a mixture of fatty acids of different carbon lengths incorporated into a triglyceride structure. Table I outlines the composition of a few natural oils which are triglycerides.

TABLE I %Fatty Acid Ccxrposition of Selected Oils Naae~ of Cottonseed Coconut Corn Castor Fatty Acid Oil Oil Oil Qit Rapeseed oil Low Erucic High Erucic Caproic Capryl ic Capric Laur-ic myr ist ic Pa Ir mit ic St ear ic Arachidic Beheni c Li gnocer ic Laurote ic Myristoteic Palmi toleic Oteic GadoLeic Eruc ic Ricinoteic Li notIe ic Li no Ieni c 17-29 1-4 0-1

T

T

0-2 13-44 33-58 0-1 5-10 5-10 43-53 15-21 7-1 1 2-4 6-8 1-3 0-1 8-19 0-4 19-50 34-62 0-2 2-3 2-3 4-9 80-87 2-7

T

3-6 0-3 0-2

T

T

T

50-66 0-5 0-5 18-30 6-14

T

0-5 0-3 U- 2 0-2

T

T

9-25 5-15 30-60 11-25 5-12 Soybean Oil

T

7-12 2-6 0-3

T

T

20-30 0-1 48-58 4-10 High Oleic Sunflower Oil 3-4 4-5 80 9-10 Tallow Olive oil Oil 1-6 20-37 6-40

T

1-9 20-50 0-5 0-3 7-16 1-3 0-1 65-85 4-15 0-1 8 Some of the preferred vegetable oils of this invention are high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic rapeseed oil, high oleic being defined as containing at least 70% oleic content and preferably at least 80% oleic content, obtained from sunflower (Helianthus sp.) available from SVO Enterprises, Eastlake, Ohio as SunylR 70 or Sunyl R 80 high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic corn oil, soybean oil, castor oil, and vernonia oil. Vernonia oil is preferred because it is a naturally occurring epoxidized oil.

0

*CH

2 00C (CH 2 7

CH=CHCH

2 CHCH (CH 2 4

CH

3

O

CHOOC (CH 2 7

CH=CHCH

2

CHCH(CH

2 4

CH

3 Vernonia oil 15 O

CH

2

OOC(CH

2

CH=CHCH

2

CHCH(CH

2 4

CH

3 However, it is also within the scope of this invention to synthetically epoxidize any naturally occurring oil that is 20 not naturally epoxidized. That is, a natural oil may be reacted with aqueous peracetic acid solution, or with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid in a manner well known by those skilled in the art. The epoxide content of the synthetically epoxidized natural oils will vary with the degree of completion of the epoxidation reaction and also with the amount of unsaturation present in the triglyceride of the natural oil. Characteristically, such epoxidized oils have an oxirane oxygen content of at least 3%, preferably 5 to 15%. One example of an epoxidized natural oil is epoxidized soybean oil and one species present of 9 the epoxidized soybean oil is 0 0 I I

CH

2 OOC (CH 2 7 CHCHCHCHC (CH) 4

CH

3 0 0 CHOOC (CH 2 7 CHCHCH CHCH (CH 2

CH

3 0 0

CH

2 OOC (CH 2 7

CHCHCH

2 CHCH (CH 2 4

CH

The Deterqent/Dispersant In one embodiment the detergent/dispersant is Sthat is combined with In another embodiment, the detergent/dispersant is selected from the group consisting of through (IV) that is combined with and In general the detergent/dispersants used in this invention are materials known to those skilled in the art and they have been described in numerous books, articles and patents. A number of these are noted hereinbelow in relation to specific types of detergent/dispersants and where this is done it is to be understood that they are incorporated by reference for their disclosures relevant to the subject matter discussed at the point in the specification in which they are identified.

The Acylated Nitroen-containing Compounds A number of acylated, nitrogen-containing compounds having a substituent R 9 of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms and made by reacting a carboxylic acid acylating agent with an amino compound are known to those skilled in the art. In such compositions the acylating agent is linked to the amino compound through an imidazoline imido, amido, amidine or acyloxy ammonium linkage. The 10 substituent of 10 aliphatic carbon atoms, preferably aliphatic carbon atoms, may be in either the carboxylic acid acylating agent derived portion of the molecule or in the amino compound derived portion of the molecule.

Preferably, however, it is in the acylating agent portion.

The acylating agent can vary from formic acid and its acylating derivatives to acylating agents having high molecular weight aliphatic substituents of up to 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 carbon atoms. The amino compounds can vary from ammonia itself to amines having aliphatic substituents of up to about 30 carbon atoms. A more detailed discussion of R 9 occurs later in this specification.

A typical class of acylated amino compounds useful in 15 making the compositions of this invention are those made by reacting an acylating agent having an aliphatic substituent of at least 10 carbon atoms and a nitrogen compound characterized by the presence of at least one -NH grou~ Typically, the acylating agent will be a mono- or 20 polycarboxylic acid (or reactive equivalent thereof) such as a substituted succinic or propionic acid and the amino compound will be a polyamine or mixture of polyamines, typically, a mixture of ethylene polyamines. The aliphac.

0. substituent R 9 in such acylating agents is often of at least about 50 and up to about 400 carbon atoms. The aliphatic substituted R 9 is derived from homopolymerized or interpolymerized C2-1 l-lefins or mixtures of both.

Usually R 9 is derived fr6m ethylene, propylene, butylene and mixtures thereof. Typically, it is derived from polymerized isobutene. Exemplary of amino compounds useful in making these acylated compounds are the following: polyalkylene polyamines of the general formula

R

8

N--U-N--R

8 Formula III 5

R

RI R 8 11 wherein each R 8 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower hydroxy alkyl group or a C1-12 hydrocarbon-based group, with the proviso that at least one

R

8 is a hydrogen atom, n is a whole number of 1 to 10 and U is a C 2 1 0 alkylene group, heterocyclic-substituted polyamines of the formula N--U U N-+,U 2 Y Formula IV

R

8

R

8 wherein R 8 and U are as defined hereinabove, m is 0 or a whole number of 1 to 10, m' is a whole number of 1 to and Y is an oxygen or divalent sulfur atom or a N-R 8 group and aromatic polyamines of the general formula *6*49* 15 Ar(NR8 2 Formula V wherein Ar is an aromatic nucleus of 6 to about 20 carbon 4. atoms, each R 8 is as defined hereinabove and y is 2 to about 8. Specific examples of the polyalkylene polyamines (1) are ethylene diamine, tetra(ethylene)pentamine, tri- (trimethylene)tetramine, 1,2-propylene diamine, etc.

Specific examples of the heterocyclic-substituted polyamines are N-2-aminoethyl piperazine, N-2 and N-3 amino propyl morpholine, N-3-(dimethyl amino) propyl piperazine, etc. Specific examples of the aromatic polyamines are the various isomeric phenylene diamines, the various isomeric naphthylene diamines, etc.

Many patents have described useful acylated nitrogen compounds including U.S. Patents 3,172,892; 3,219,666; 3,272,746; 3,310,492; 3,341,542; 3,444,170; 3,455,831; 3,455832; 3,576,743; 3,630,904; 3,632,511; and 3,804,763.

A typical acylated nitrogen-containing compound of this class is that made by reacting a poly(isobutene)substituted succinic anhydride acylating agent anhydride, acid, ester, etc.) wherein the poly(isobutene) 12 substituent has between about 50 to about 400 carbon atoms with a mixture of ethylene polyamines having 3 to about 7 amino nitrogen atoms per ethylene polyamine and about 1 to about 6 ethylene units made from condensation of ammonia with ethylene chloride. In view of the extensive disclosure of this type of acylated amino compound, further discussion of their nature and method of preparation is not needed here. Instead, the above-noted U.S. Patents are hereby incorporated by reference for their disclosure of acylated amino compounds and their method of preparation.

Another type of acylated nitrogen compound belonging S to this class is that made by reacting the afore-described alkylene amines with the afore-described substituted succinic acids or anhydrides and aliphatic mono-carboxylic S 15 acids having from 2 to about 22 carbon atoms. In these types of acylated nitrogen compounds, the mole ratio of succinic acid to- mono-carboxylic acid ranges from about 9 0 1:0.1 to about 1:1. Typical of the mono-carboxylic acid are formic acid, acetic acid, dodecanoic acid, butanoic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, the commercial mixture of stearic acid isomers known as isostearic acid, tolyl acid, etc. Such materials are more fully described in U.S.

Patents 3,216,936 and 3,250,715 which are hereby incorporated by reference for their disclosures in this regard.

Still another type of acylated nitrogen compound useful in making the compositions of this invention is the product of the reaction of a fatty monocarboxylic acid of about 12-30 carbon atoms and the afore-described alkylene amines, typically, ethylene, propylene or trimethylene polyamines containing 2 to 8 amino groups and mixtures thereof. The fatty monocarboxylic acids are generally mixtures of straight and branched chain fatty carboxylic acids containing 12-30 carbon atoms. A widely used type of 13.acylated nitrogen compound is made by reacting the aforedescribed alkylene polyamines with a mixture of fatty acids having from 5 to about 30 mole percent straight chain acid and about 70 to about 95 percent mole branched chain fatty acids. Among the commercially available mixtures are those known widely in the trade as isostearic acid. These mixtures are produced as a by-product from the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids as described in U.S. Patents 2,812,342 and 3,260,671.

The branched chain fatty acids can also include those in which the branch is not alkyl in nature, such as found in phenyl and cyclohexyl stearic acid and the chlorostearic acids. Branched chain fatty carboxylic acid/alkylene polyamine products have been described extensively in the art. See for example, U.S. Patents S3,110,673; 3,251,853; 3,326,801; 3,337,459; 3,405,064; 3,429,674; 3,468,639; 3,857,791. These patents are hereby incorporated by reference for their disclosure of fatty acid/polyamine condensates and their use in lubricating oil 20 formulations.

The Neutral or Basic Metal Salts of Organic Sulfur Acids, Carboxvlic Acids or Phenols The choice of metal used to make these salts is usually not critical and therefore virtually any metal can be used. For reasons of availability, cost and maximum effectiveness, certain metals are more commonly used.

These include the alkali and alkaline earth metals the Group IA and IIA metals excluding francium and radium).

Group IIB metals as well as polyvalent metals such as aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper can also be used. Salts containing a mixture of ions of two or more of these metals are often used.

14 These salts can be neutral or basic. The former contain an amount of metal cation just sufficient to neutralize the acidic groups present in the salt anion; the former contain an excess of metal cation and are often termed overbased, hyperbased or superbased salts.

These basic and neutral salts can be of oil-soluble organic sulfur acids such as sulfonic, sulfamic, thiosulfonic, sulfinic, sulfenic, partial ester sulfuric, sulfurous and thiosulfuric acid. Generally they are salts 10 of carbocyclic or aliphatic sulfonic acids.

The carbocyclic sulfonic acids include the mono- or poly-nuclear aromatic or cycloaliphatic compounds. The oil soluble sulfonates can be represented for the most part by the following formulae: [RxT- (S0 3 y] z Formula VI [RIO- (SO 3 a] Formula VII 20 In the above formulae, M is either a metal cation as described hereinabove or hydrogen; T is a cyclic nucleus such as, for example, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, diphenylene oxide, thianthrene, phenothioxine, diphenylene sulfide, phenothiazine, diphenyl oxide, diphenyl sulfide, diphenylamine, cyclohexane, petroleum naphthenes, decahydro-naphthalene, cyclopentane, etc.; R in Formula VI is an aliphatic group such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkyl, etc.; x is at least 1, and Rx T contains a total of at least about 15 carbon atoms. R 10 in Formula VII is an aliphatic radical containing at least about 15 carbon atoms and M is either a metal cation or hydrogen. Examples of types of the R 10 radical are alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkyl, etc. Specific examples of R 10 are groups derived from petrolatum, saturated and unsaturated paraffin wax, and 15 polyolefins, including polymerized C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, etc., olefins containing from about 15 to 7000 or more carbon atoms. The groups T, R, and R 10 in the above formulae can also contain other inorganic or organic substituents in addition to those enumerated above such as, for example, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, nitro, amino, nitroso, sulfide, disulfide, etc. In Formula VI, x, y, z and b are at least 1, and likewise in Formula VII, a, b and d are at least 1.

The following are specific examples of oil-soluble sulfonic acids coming within the scope of Formulae VI and VII above, and it is to be understood that such examples serve also to illustrate the salts of such sulfonic acids useful in this invention. In other words, for every 15 sulfonic acid enumerated it is intended that the corresponding neutral and basic metal salts thereof are 1 also understood to be illustrated. Such sulfonic acids are mahogany sulfonic acids; bright stock sulfonic acids; sulfonic acids derived from lubricating oil fractions 20 having a Saybolt viscosity from about 100 seconds at 100"F.

to about 200 seconds at 210"F.; petrolatum sulfonic acids; mono- and poly-wax substituted sulfonic and polysulfonic acids of, benzene, naphthalene, phenol, diphenyl ether, naphthalene disulfide, diphenylamine, thiophene, alpha-chloronaphthalene, etc.; other substituted sulfonic acids such as alkyl benzene sulfonic acids (where the alkyl group has at least 8 carbons), cetylphenol mono-sulfide sulfonic acids, dicetyl thianthrene disulfonic acids, dilauryl beta naphthyl sulfonic acids, dicapryl nitronaphthalene sulfonic acids, and alkaryl sulfonic acids such as dodecyl benzene "bottoms" sulfonic acids.

The latter are acids derived from benzene which has been alkylated with propylene tetramers or isobutene trimers to introduce 1, 2, 3, or more branched-chain C12 substituents on the benzene ring. Dodecyl benzene bottoms, W 16principally mixtures of mono- and di-dodecyl benzenes, are available as by-products from the manufacture of household detergents. Similar products obtained from alkylation bottoms formed during manufacture of linear alkyl sulfonates (LAS) are also useful in making the sulfonates used in this invention.

The production of sulfonates from detergent manufacture by-products by reaction with, SO 3 is well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, the 10 article "Sulfonates" in Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", Second Edition, Vol. 19, pp. 291 et seq. published by John Wiley Sons, N.Y. (1969). Other descriptions of neutral and basic sulfonate salts and techniques for making them can be found in the following U.S. Patents: 2,174,110; 2,174,506; 2,174,508; 2,193,824; 2,197,800; 2,202,781; 2,212,786; 2,213,360; 2,228,598; 2,233,676; 2,239,974; 2,263,312; 2,276,090; 2,276,097; 2,315,514; 2,319,121; 2,321,022; 2,333,568; 2,333,788; 2,335,259; 2,337,552; 2,346,568; 2,366,027; 2,374,193; 2,383,319; 3,312,618; 3,471,403; 3,488,284; 3,595,790; and 3,798,012. These are hereby incorporated by reference for their disclosures in this regard.

Also included are aliphatic sulfonic acids such as paraffin wax sulfonic acids, unsaturated paraffin wax sulfonic acids, hydroxy-substituted paraffin wax sulfonic acids, hexapropylene sulfonic acids, tetra-amylene sulfonic acids, polyisobutene sulfonic acids wherein the polyisobutene contains from 20 to 7000 or more carbon atoms, chloro-substituted paraffin wax sulfonic acids, nitroparaffin wax sulfonic acids, etc.; cycloaliphatic sulfonic acids such as petroleum naphthene sulfonic acids, cetyl cyclopentyl sulfonic acids, lauryl cyclohexyl sulfonic acids, bis-(di-isobutyl) cyclohexyl sulfonic acids, monoor poly-wax substituted cyclohexyl sulfonic acids, etc.

S- 17 With respect to the sulfonic acids or salts thereof described herein and in the appended claims, it is intended herein to employ the term "petroleum sulfonic acids" or "petroleum sulfonates" to cover all sulfonic acids or the salts thereof derived from petroleum products. A particularly valuable group of petroleum sulfonic acids are the mahogany sulfonic acids (so called because of their reddish-brown color) obtained as a by-product from the manufacture of petroleum white oils by a sulfuric acid 0 process.

Generally Group IA, IIA and IIB neutral and basic salts of the above-described synthetic and petroleum sulfonic acids are useful in the practice of this invention.

The carboxylic acids from which suitable neutral and basic salts for use in this invention can be made include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic mono- and polybasic

S

carboxylic acids such as the naphthenic acids, alkyl- or alkenyl-substituted cyclopentanoic acids, alkyl- or alkenyl 20 substituted cyclohexanoic acids, alkyl- or alkenyl-substituted aromatic carboxylic acids. The aliphatic acids generally contain at least eight carbon atoms and preferably at least twelve carbon atoms. Usually they have no more than about 400 carbon atoms. Generally, if the aliphatic carbon chain is branched, the acids are more oilsoluble for any given carbon atom content. The cycloaliphatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids can be saturated or unsaturated. Specific examples include 2ethylhexanoic acid, a-linolenic acid, propylene-tetramersubstituted maleic acid, behenic acid, isostearic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, ricinlic acid, undecylic acid, dioctylcyclopentane carboxylic acid, myristic acid, dilauryldecahydronaphthalene carboxylic acid, stearyloctahydroindene carboxylic acid, palmitic acid, S- 18 commercially available mixtures of two or more carboxylic acids such as tall oil acids, rosein acids, and the like.

A preferred group of oil-soluble carboxylic acids useful in preparing the salts used in the present invention are the oil-soluble aromatic carboxylic acids. These acids are represented by the general formula:

X

II

(C-XH) Formula VII t where R 11 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon-based group of at least four carbon atoms, and no more than about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms, a is an integer of from one to four, Ar* is a polyvalent aromatic hydrocarbon nucleus of up to about 14 carbon atoms each, X is independently a sulfur or oxygen atom, and m is an integer of from one to four with the proviso that R 11 and a are such that there is 20 an average of at least 8 aliphatic carbon atoms provided by .the R 11 groups for each acid molecule represented by Formula VIII. Examples of arcmatic nuclei represented by the variable Ar* are the polyvalent aromatic radicals derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, indene, fluorene, biphenyl, and the like. Generally, the radical represented by Ar* will be a polyvalent nucleus derived from benzene or naphthalene such as phenylenes and naphthylene, methylphenylenes, ethoxyphenylenes, nitrophenylenes, isopropylphenylenes, hydroxyphenylenes, mercaptophenylenes, N,N-diethylaminophenylenes, chlorophenylenes, dipropoxynaphthylenes, triethylnaphthylenes, and similar tri-, tetra-, pentavalent nuclei thereof, etc.

The R 1 groups are usually purely hydrocarbyl groups, preferably groups such as alkyl or alkenyl radicals.

However, the R* groups can contain small number 19 substituents such as phenyl, cycloalkyl cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, etc.) and nonhydrocarbon groups such as nitro, amino, halo chloro, bromo, etc.), lower alkoxy, lower alkyl mercapto, oxo substituents thio groups interrupting groups such as and the like provided the essentially hydrocarbon character of the R 11 group is retained. The hydrocarbon character is retained for purposes of this invention so long as any non-carbon atoms present in the R 11 groups do 10 not account for more than about 10% of the total weight of the R 11 groups. Examples of R 11 groups include butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, docosyl, tetracontyl, 5-chlorohexyl, 4-ethoxypentyl, 4-hexenyl, 3cyclohexyloctyl, 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-octyl, 2,3,5trimethylheptyl, 4-ethyl-5-methyloctyl, and substituents derived from polymerized olefins such as polychloroprenes, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyisobutylenes, ethylenepropylene copolymers, chlorinated olefin polymers, oxidized ethylene-propylene copolymers, and the like. Likewise, the 20 group Ar* may contain non-hydrocarbon substituents, for example, such diverse substituents as lower alkoxy, lower alkyl mercapto, nitro, halo, alkyl or alkenyl groups of less than four carbon atoms, hydroxy, mercapto, and the like.

A group of particularly useful carboxylic acids are those of the formula: x

C-XH

R

11 a Ar* Formula IX (XH)p where R 1 X, AR*, m and a are as defined in Formula VIII and p is an integer of 1 to 4, usually 1 or 2. Within this S- 20 group, an especially preferred class of oil-soluble carboxylic acids are those of the formula: 0

II

(C-OH) b

(R

12 a Formula X

(OH)

where R 12 in Formula X is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least 4 to about 400 carbon atoms, a is an 15 integer of from 1 to 3, b is 1 or 2, c is zero, 1, or 2 and preferably 1 with the proviso that R 12 and a are such that the acid molecules contain at least an average of about twelve aliphatic carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon substituents per acid molecule. And within this latter S 20 group of oil-soluble carboxylic acids, the aliphatic-hydrocarbon substituted salicylic acids wherein each aliphatic hydrocarbon substituent contains an average of at least about sixteen carbon atoms per substituent and one to three substituents per molecule are particularly useful. Salts prepared from such salicylic acids wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon substituents are derived from polymerized olefins, particularly polymerized lower 1-mono-olefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polisobutylene, ethylene/propylene copolymers and the like and having average carbon contents of about 30 to about 400 carbon atoms.

The carboxylic acids corresponding to Formulae VIII-IX above are well known or can be prepared according to procedures known in the art. Carboxylic acids of the type illustrated by the above formulae and processes for preparing their neutral and basic metal salts are well known and disclosed, for example, in such U.S. Patents as 2,197,832; 2,197,835; 2,252,662; 2,252,664; 2,714,092, 3,410,798 and 3,595,791.

21 Another type of neutral and basic carboxylate salt used in this invention are those derived from alkenyl succinates of the general formula

R

11 CHCOOH Formula XI

I

CH

2

COOH

wherein R 11 is as defined above in Formula VIII. Such salts and means for making them are set forth in U.S. Patents 3,271,130, 3,567,637 and 3,632,510, which are hereby incor- 15 porated by reference in this regard.

Other patents specifically describing techniques for a making basic salts of the hereinabove-described sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, and mixtures of any two or more of these include U.S. Patent Nos. 2,501,731; 2,616,904; 20 2,616,905; 2,616,906; 2,616,911; 2,616,924; 2,616,925; 2,617,049; 2,777,874; 3,027,325; 3,256,186; 3,282,835; 3,384,585; 3,373,108; 3,365,396; 3,342,733; 3,320,162; 3,312,618; 3,318,809; 3,471,403; 3,488,284; 3,595,790; and 3,629,109. The disclosures of these patents are hereby 25 incorporated in this present specification for their disclosures in this regard as well as for their disclosure of specific suitable basic metal salts.

Neutral and basic salts of phenols (generally known as phenates) are also useful in the compositions of this invention and well known to those skilled in the art. The phenols from which these phenates are formed are of the general formula

(R

11 )n (XH)m Formula XII wherein R 11 n, Ar*, X and m have the same meaning and preferences as described hereinabove with reference to S- 22 Formula VIII. The same examples described with respect to Formula VIII also apply.

A commonly available class of phenates are those made from phenols of the general formula (R 13) (OH)b Formula XIII

(R

14 wherein a is an integer of 1-3, b is of 1 or 2, z is 0 or S. 1, R 13 in Formula XIII is a substantially saturated hydrocarbon based substituent having an average of from 15 to about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms and R 14 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, and halo groups.

One particular class of phenates for use in this invention are the basic overbased, etc.) Group IIA 20 metal sulfurized phenates made by sulfurizing a phenol as described hereinabove with a sulfurizing agent such as sulfur, a sulfur halide, or sulfide or hydrosulfide salt.

Techniques for making these ulfuri~ed phenates are described in U.S Patents 2,680,096; 3,036,971 and 3,775,321 25 which are hereby incorporated by reference for their disclosures in this regard.

Other phenates that are useful are those that are made from phenols that have been linked through alkylene methylene) bridges. These are made by reacting single or multi-ring phenols with aldehydes or ketones, typically, in the presence of an acid or basic catalyst. Such linked phenates as well as sulfurized phenates are described in detail in U.S. Patent 3,350,038; particularly columns 6-8 thereof, which is hereby incorporated by reference for its disclosures in this regard.

Naturally, mixtures of two or more neutral and basic salts of the hereinabove described organic sulfur acid, carboxylic acids and phenols can be used in the -23compositions of this invention. Usually the neutral and basic salts will be sodium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, or barium salts including mixtures of two or more of any of these.

(B)(III) The Hydrocarbyl-Substituted Amine The hydrocarbyl-substituted amines used in making the compositions of this invention are well known to those of 10 skill in the art and they are described in a number of patents. Among these are U.S. Patents 3,275,554; 3,438,757; 3,454,555; 3,565,804; 3,755,433; and 3,822,209.

These patents are hereby incorporated by their reference for their disclosure of suitable hydrocarbyl amines for use in the present invention including their method of preparation.

~The hydrocarbyl amines useful in this invention include monoamines of the general formula 20

**AXNR

7 Formula XIV Illustrative of such monoamines are the following: 25 poly(propylene)amine N,N-dimethyl-N-poly(ethylene/propylene)amine (50:50 mole ratio of monomers) poly(isobutene)amine N,N-di(hydroxyethyl)-N-poly(isobutene)amine poly(isobutene/l-butene/2-butene)amine (50:25:25 mole ratio of monomer) N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N-poly(isobutene)amine N-poly(1-butene)-aniline N-poly(isobutene)-morpholine The hydrocarbyl substituted amines useful in forming the compositions in this invention include certain N-aminohydrocarbyl morpholines which are not embraced in the 24 general Formula XIV above. These hydrocarbyl-substituted aminohydrocarbyl morpholines have the general formula:

R

7 NU-N O 1 Formula XV

A

wherein R 7 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of from about 30 to about 400 carbons, A is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or hydroxy hydrocarbyl group of from '2 1 to 10 carbon atoms and U is an alkylene group of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms. These hydrocarbyl-substituted aminohydrocarbyl morpholines as well as the polyamines 15 described by Formula XV are among the typical hydrocarbylsubstituted amines used in preparing compositions of this invention.

The Nitrogen-Containing Condensates of Phenols, Aldehydes, and Amino Compounds The phenol/aldehyde/amino compound condensates useful in making the compositions of this invention include those generically referred to as Mannich condensates. Generally 25 they are made by reacting simultaneously or sequentially at least one active hydrogen compound such as a hydrocarbon substituted phenol an alkyl phenol wherein the alkyl group has at least about 30 up to about 400 carbon atoms), having at least one hydrogen atom bonded to an aromatic carbon, with at least one aldehyde or aldehyde-producing material (typically formaldehyde or formaldehyde precursor) and at least one amino or polyamino compound having at least one NH group. The amino compounds include primary or secondary mono-amines having hydrocarbon substituents of 1 to 30 carbon atoms or hydroxyl-substituted hydrocarbon substituents of 1 to about 30 carbon atoms. Another type of typical amino compound are the polyamines described ~s~ 25 during the discussion of the acylated nitrogen-containing -compounds.

Exemplary mono-amines include methyl ethyl amine, methyl octadecyl amine, aniline, diethyl amine, diethanol amine, dipropyl amine and so forth. The following U.S.

Patents contain extensive descriptions of Mannich condensates which can be used in making the compositions of this invention: U.S. PATENTS 2,459,112 3,413,347 3,558,743 2,962,442 3,442,808 3,586,629 2,984,550 3,448,047 3,591,598 3,036,003 3,454,497 3,600,372 3,166,516 3,459,661 3,634,515 3,236,770 3,461,172 3,649,229 t 3,355,270 3,493,520 3,697,574 3,368,972 3,539,633 These patents are hereby incorporated by reference for their disclosures relating to the production and use of 20 Mannich condensate products in lubricant compositions.

Condensates made from sulfur-containing reactants can also be used in the compositions of the present invention.

Such sulfur-containing condensates are described in U.S.

Patent 3,368,972; 3,649,229; 3,600,372; 3,649,659; and 3,741,896. These patents are also incorporated by reference for their disclosure of sulfur-containing Mannich condensates. Generally the condensates used in making the compositions of this invention are made from a phenol bearing an alkyl substituent of about 6 to about 400 carbon atoms,more typically, 30 to about 250 carbon atoms. These typical condensates are made from formaldehyde or C-7 aliphatic aldehyde and an amino compound such as those used in making the acylated nitrogen-containing compounds described under S-26 These preferred condensates are prepared by reacting about one molar portion of phenolic compound with about 1 to about 2 molar portions of aldehyde and about 1 to about equivalent portions of amino compound (an equivalent of amino compound is its molecular weight divided by the number of =NH groups present). The conditions under which such condensation reactions are carried out are well known to those skilled in the art as evidenced by the above-noted patents. Therefore, these patents are also incorporated by reference for their disclosures relating to reaction conditions.

A particularly preferred class of condensation products for use in the present invention are those made by U.S. S,6 fg s6 a "2-step process" as disclosed in .ommonly adcign. U.C.

CSrial- -N 51, 6 A fIil dMar 15, 1974. Briefly, these nitrogen containing condensates are made by reacting at least one hydroxy aromatic compound containing an aliphatic-based or cycloaliphatic-based substituent which has at least about 30 carbon atoms and up to about 400 20 carbon atoms with a lower aliphatic C 1 aldehyde or reversible polymer thereof in the presence of an alkaline reagent, such as an alkali metal hydroxide, at a temperature up to about 150*C.; substantially neutralizing the intermediate reaction mixture thus formed; and reacting the neutralized intermediate with at least one compound which contains an amino group having at least one -NH group.

More preferably, these 2-step condensates are made from phenols bearing a hydrocarbon-based substituent having about 30 to about 250 carbon atoms, said substituent being derived from a polymer of propylene, 1-butene, 2butene, or isobutene and formaldehyde, or reversible polymer thereof, trioxane, paraformaldehyde) or functional equivalent thereof, methylal) and an alkylene polyamine such as ethylene polyamines having 27 between 2 and 10 nitrogen atoms. Further details as to this preferred class of condensates can be found in the hereinabove noted U.S. S-rial Ne. 451,644, which is hereby incorporated by reference, for its disclosures relating to 2-step condensates.

The Amino Phenols The aromatic moiety, Ar, of Formula I can be a single 10 aromatic nucleus such as a benzene nucleus, a pyridine nucleus, a thiophene nucleus, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene nucleus, etc., or a polynuclear aromatic moiety. Such i polynuclear moieties can be of the fused type; that is, wherein at least one aromatic nucleus is fused at two points to another nucleus such as found in naphthalene, anthracene, the azanaphthalenes, etc. Alternatively, such polynuclear aromatic moieties can be of the linked type wherein at least two nuclei (either mono- or polynuclear) are linked through bridging linkages to each other. Such 20 bridging linkages can be chosen from the group consisting of carbon-to-carbon single bonds, ether linkages, keto linkages, sulfide linkages, polysulfide linkages of 2 to 6 sulfur atoms, sulfonyl linkages, sulfonyl linkages, methylene linkages, alkylene linkages, di-(lower alkyl)methylene linkages, lower alkylene ether linkages, alkylene keto linkages, lower alkylene sulfur linkages, lower alkylene polysulfide linkages of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, amino linkages, polyamino linkages and mixtures of such divalent bridging linkages. In certain instances, more than one bridging linkage can be present in Ar between aromatic nuclei. For example, a fluorene nucleus has two benzene nuclei linked by both a methylene linkage and a covalent bond. Such a nucleus may be considered to have 3 nuclei but only two of them are aromatic. Normally, however, Ar will contain only carbon atoms in the aromatic

I

28 nuclei per se (plus any lower alkyl or alkoxy substituent present).

The number of aromatic nuclei, fused, linked or both, in Ar can play a role in determining the integer values of a, b and c in Formula II. For example, when Ar contains a single aromatic nacleus, a, b and c are each independently 1 to 4. When Ar contains two aromatic nuclei, a, b and c can each be an integer of 1 to 8, that is, up to three times the number of aromatic nuclei present (in naphthalene, With a tri-nuclear Ar moiety, a, b and c can each be an integer of 1 to 12. For example, when Ar is a biphenyl or a naphthyl moiety, a, b and c can each •independently be an integer of 1 to 8. The values of a, b and c are obviously limited by the fact that their sum cannot exceed the total unsatisfied valences of Ar.

The single ring aromatic nucleus which can be the Ar moiety can be represented by the general formula ar(Q)m wherein ar represents a single ring aromatic nucleus benzene) of 4 to 10 carbons, each Q independently represents a lower alkyl group, lower alkoxy group, nitro group, or halogen atom, and m is 0 to 3. As used in this specification and appended claims, "lower" refers to groups having 7 or less carbon atoms such as lower alkyl and lower alkoxyl groups. Halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms; usually, the halogen atoms are fluorine and chlorine atoms.

29 Specific examples of single ring Ar moieties are the following:

H

H

'Me

H

H

*Nit

*H

'OPr H 0 Me

N

H

O

H *C H CH 2

-CH

2 H-2 N N2 1 I LCH-CH, H H H H2 H H

H

2 etc.

wherein Me is methyl, Et is ethyl, Pr is n-propyl, and Nit is nitro.

When Ar is a polynuclear fused-ring aromatic moiety, it can be represented by the general formula a€a wherein ar, Q and m are as defined hereinabove, m' is 1 to 4 and represent a pair of fusing bonds fusing two rings so as to make two carbon atoms part of the rings of each of 30 two adjacent rings. Specific examples of fused ring aromatic moieties Ar are: H H H

I

H

H

H

*59S Nit

-H

MeO H H etc.

When the aromatic moiety Ar is a linked polynuclear aromatic moiety it can be represented by the general formula ar(Lng-ar) wherein w is an integer of 1 to about 20, ar is as described above with the proviso that there are at least 3 unsatisfied free) valences in the total of ar groups, Q and m are as defined hereinbefore, and each Lng 31 is a bridging linkage individually chosen from the group consisting of carbon-to-carbon single bonds, ether linkages 0 keto linkages sulfide linkages polysulfide linkages of 2 to 6 sulfur atoms -S 2 6 sulfonyl linkages sulfonyl linkages -S(0) 2 lower alkylene linkages -CH2-, -CH 2

-CH

2 -CH-CH-, etc.), di(lower alkyl)-methylene linkages

R"

lower alkylene ether linkages

-CH

2 0-,

-CH

2 0-CH 2

-CH

2

-CH

2

-CH

2 CH20CH 2

CH

2

-CHOCHCH-,

I

S" 20 -CH 2

CHOCHCH

2

R

0

R°

R" R" etc.), lower alkylene sulfide linkages wherein one 0 or more in the lower alkylene ether linkages is replaced with an atom), lower alkylene polysulfide linkages wherein one or more is replaced with a -S 2 6 group), amino linkages -CH 2

N-,

I i H R°

-CH

2

NCH

2 -alk-N- where alk is lower alkylene, etc.), I

II

polyamino linkages -N(alkN) 1-o, where the unsatisfied free N valences are taken up with H atoms or R" groups), and mixtures of such bridging linkages (each R" being a lower alkyl group). It is also possible that one or more of the ar groups in the above-linked aromatic moiety can be replaced by fused nuclei such as ar car> m,.

-32 Specific examples of linked moieties are: H H H H H H H CH 2

H

*0 0e H H

H

V.6

H

2

H

o0 Me-H Me 0 H 1-10 H H Me l Crq H H S 15 H H

**H

Usually all these Ar moieties are unsubstituted except for the R, -OH and -NH 2 groups (and any bridging groups).

For such reasons as cost, availability, performance, etc., the Ar moiety is normally a benzene nucleus, lower alkylene bridged benzene nucleus, or a naphthalene nucleus. Thus, a typical Ar moiety is a benzene or naphthalene nucleus having 3 to 5 unsatisfied valences, so that one or two of said valences may be satisfied by a hydroxyl group with the remaining unsatisfied valences being, insofar as possible, either ortho or para to a hydroxyl group. Preferably, Ar is a benzene nuicleus having at least 3 unsatisfied valences so that one can be satisfied by a hydroxyl group with the remaining 2 or 3 being either ortho or para to the hydroxyl group.

The Substantially Saturated Hydrccarbon-based Group R 9 The amino phenols of the present invention contain, directly bonded to the aromatic moiety Ar, a substantially 34 saturated monovalent hydrocarbon-based group R 9 of at least about 10 aliphatic carbon atoms. This R 9 group can have up to about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms. More than one such group can be present, but usually, no more than 2 or 3 such groups are present for each aromatic nucleus in the aromatic moiety Ar. The total number of R 9 groups present is indicated by the value for in Formula II. Usually, the hydrocarbon-based group has at least about 30, more typically, at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms and up to about 750, more typically, up to about 300 aliphatic carbon atoms.

Si...

Generally, the hydrocarbon-based groups R9 are made from homo- or interpolymers copolymers, terpolymers) S.of mono- and di-olefins having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, butene-l, isobutene, butadiene, isoprene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, etc. Typically, these olefins are 1-monoolefins such as homopolymers of ethylene.

The R groups can also be derived from the halogenated chlorinated or brominated) analogs of such homo- or 20 interpolymers. The R 9 groups can, however, be made from other sources, such as monomeric high molecular weight alkenes 1-tetracontene) and chlorinated analogs and hydrochlorinated analogs thereof, aliphatic petroleum fractions, particularly paraffin waxes and cracked and chlorinated analogs and hydrochlorinated analogs thereof, white oils, synthetic alkenes such as those produced by the Ziegler-Natta process poly(ethylene) greases) and other sources known to those skilled in the art. Any unsaturation in the R 9 groups may be reduced or eliminated by hydrogenation according to procedures known in the art before the nitration step described hereafter.

As used herein, the term "hydrocarbon-based" denotes a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having a predominantly hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention.

35 Therefore, hydrocarbon-based groups can contain up to one non-hydrocarbon radical for every ten carbon atoms provided this non-hydrocarbon radical does not significantly alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group.

Those skilled in the art will be aware of such radicals, which include, for example, hydroxyl, halo (especially chloro and fluoro), alkoxyl, alkyl mercapto, alkyl sulfoxy, etc. Usually, however, the hydrocarbon-based groups R are purely hydrocarbyl and contain no such non-hydrocarbyl radicals. The hydrocarbon-based groups R 9 are substantially saturated. By substantially saturated it is meant that the Sgroup contains no more than one carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond for every ten carbon-to-carbon single bonds present. Usually, they contain no more than one 15 carbon-to-carbon non-aromatic unsaturated bond for every carbon-to-carbon bonds present.

The hydrocarbon-based groups of the amino phenols of this invention are also substantially aliphatic in nature, that is, they contain no more than one non-aliphatic moiety (cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or aromatic) group of six or less carbon atoms for every ten carbon atoms in the R group.

Usually, however, the R 9 groups contain no more than one such non-aliphatic group for every fifty carbon atoms, and in many cases, they contain no such non-aliphatic groups at all; that is, the typical R groups are purely aliphatic.

Typically, these purely aliphatic R 9 groups are alkyl cr alkenyl groups. Specific examples of the substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based R 9 groups are the following: a tetra(propylene) group a tri(isobutene) group a tetracontanyl group a henpentacontanyl group a mixture of poly(ethylene/propylene) groups of about to about 70 carbon atoms a mixture of the oxidatively or mechanically degraded S-36poly(ethylene/propylene) groups of about 35 to about carbon atoms a mixture of poly(propylene/l-hexene) groups of about to about 150 carbon atoms a mixture cf poly(isobutene) groups having between and 32 carbon atoms a mixture of poly(isobutene) groups having an average of 50 to 75 carbon atoms A preferred source of the group R 9 are poly(isobutene)s obtained by polymerization of a C 4 refinery stream having a butene content of 35 to 75 weight percent and isobutene content of 15 to 60 weight percent in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum trichloride or boron trifluoride. These polybutenes contain predominantly S 15 (greater than 80% of total repeating units) isobutene repeating units of the configuration

CH

3 those skilled in the at. ne particularly suitable i halogenated or CH 2 ydrohalogenated analog thereof, is reacted CH3 with a phe attachment of the hydrocarbon-based group R to the those skilled in the art. One particularly suitable technique is the Friedl-Crafts reaction, wherein an olein a polymer containing an olefinic bond), or halogenated or hydrohalogenated analog thereof, is reacted with a phenol. The reaction occurs in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst boron trifluoride and its complexes with ethers, phenols, hydrogen fluoride, etc., aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, zinc dichloride, etc.). Methods and conditions for carrying out such reactions are well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, the discussion in the article entitled, S-37- "Alkylation of Phenols" in "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", Second Edition, Vol. 1, pages 894- 895, Interscience Publishers, a division of John Wiley and Company, 1963. Other equally appropriate.and convenient techniques for attaching the hydrocarbon-based group R 9 to the aromatic moiety Ar will occur readily to those skilled in the art.

As will be appreciated from inspection of Formula II the amino phenols of this invention contain at least one of each of the following substituents: a hydroxyl group, a R 9 group as defined above, and a primary amine group, -NH2.

Each of the foregoing groups must be attached to a carbon atom which is a part of an aromatic nucleus in the Ar moiety. They need not, however, each be attached to the 15 same aromatic ring if more than one aromatic nucleus is present in the Ar moiety.

S:'In a preferred embodiment, the amine phenols of this invention contain one each of the foregoing substituents a, b and c are each 1) and but a single aromatic 20 ring, most preferably benzene. This preferred class of amino phenols can be represented by the formula

OH

S

(NH

2 1-2 R Formula XVI wherein the R 9 group is a substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based group of about 30 to about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms located ortho or para to the hydroxyl group,

R

6 is a lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro group or halogen atom and z is 0 or 1. Usually z is 0 and R 9 is a substantially saturated, purely hydrocarbyl aliphatic group. Often it is an alkyl or alkenyl group para to the -OH substituent. Often there is but one amino group, -NH 2 in these preferred amino phenols but there can be two.

38 In a still more preferred embodiment of this invention, the amino phenol is of the formula

OH

rNH 2

(R

6 )t Formula XVII le

_R

9 wherein R 9 is derived from homopolymerized or interpolymerized C2 10 1-olefins and has an average of from about to about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms and R 6 and z are as defined above. Usually R 9 is derived from ethylene, propylene, butylene and mixtures thereof. Typically, ic is derived from polymerized isobutene. Often R 9 has at least 15 about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms and z is zero.

The amino phenols of the present ,ivention can be prepared by a number of synthetic routes. These routes can vary in the type reactions used and the sequence in which they are employed. For example, an aromatic hydrocarbon, 20 such as benzene, can be alkylated with alkylating agent such as a polymeric olefin to form an alkylated aromatic intermediate. This intermediate can then be nitrated, for example, to form polynitro intermediate. The polynitrc intermediate can in turn be reduced to a diamine, which can then be diazotized and reacted with water to convert one of the amino groups into a hydroxyl group and provide the desired amino phenol. Alternatively, one of the nitro groups in the polynitro intermediate can be converted to a hydroxyl group through fusion with caustic to provide a hydroxy-nitro alkylated aromatic which can then be reduced to provide the desired amino phenol.

Another useful route to the amino phenols of this invention involves the alkylation of a phenol with an olefinic alkylating agent to form an alkylated phenol. This alkylated phenol can then be nitrated to form an S- 39 intermediate nitro phenol which can be converted to the desired amino phenols by reducing at least some of the nitro groups to amino groups.

Techniques for alkylating phenols are well known to those skilled in the art as the above-noted article in Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology" demonstrates. Techniques for nitrating phenols are also known. See, for example in Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", Second Edition, Vol. 13, the article entitled "Nitrophenols", page 888 et seq., as well as the treatises "Aromatic Substitution; Nitration and Halogenation" by P. B. D. De La Mare and J. H. Ridd, N. Academic Press, 1959; "Nitration and Aromatic Reactivity" by J. G. Hogget, London, Cambridge University 15 Press, 1961; and "The Chemistry of the Nitro and Nitroso Groups", Henry Feuer, Editor, Interscience Publishers, 1969.

Aromatic hydroxy compounds can be nitrated with nitric acid, mixtures of nitric acid with acids such as sulfuric 20 acid or boron trifluoride, nitrogen tetraoxide, nitronium tetrafluoroborates and acyl nitrates. Generally, nitric acid of a concentration of, for example, about 30-90% is a convenient nitrating reagent. Substantially inert liquid diluents and solvents such as acetic or butyric acid can aid in carrying out the reaction by improving reagent contact. Conditions and concentrations for nitrating hydroxy aromatic compounds are also well known in the art.

For example, the reaction can be carried out at temperatures of about. -15*C. to about 150"C. Usually nitration is conveniently carried out between about Generally, depending on the particular nitrating agent about 0.5-4 moles of nitrating agent is used for every mole of aromatic nucleus present in the hydroxy aromatic intermediate to be nitrated. If more than one aromatic nucleus 40 is present in the Ar moiety, the amount of nitrating agent can be increased proportionately according to the number of such nuclei present. For example, a mole of naphthalenebased aromatic intermediate has, for purposes of this invention, the equivalent of two "single ring" aromatic nuclei so that about 1-4 moles of nitrating agent would generally be used. When nitric acid is used as a nitrating agent usually about 1.0 to about 3.0 moles per mole of aromatic nucleus is used. Up to about a 5-molar excess of nitrating agent (per "single ring" aromatic nucleus) may be used when it is desired to drive the reaction forward or carry it out rapidly.

Nitration of a hydroxy aromatic intermediate generally takes 0.25 to 24 hours, though it may be convenient to react the nitration mixture for longer periods, such as 96 hours.

Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines is also well known. See, for example, the article entitled "Amination by Reduction" in Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", Second Edition, Vol.

2, pages 76-99. Generally, such reductions can be carried out with, for example, hydrogen, carbon monoxide or hydrazine, (or mixtures of same) in the presence of metallic S. catalysts such as palladium, platinum and its oxides, nickel, copper chromite, etc. Co-catalysts such as alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides or amines (including amino phenols) can be used in these catalyzed reductions.

Reduction can also be accomplished through the use of reducing metals in the presence of acids, such as hydrochloric acid. Typical reducing metals are zinc, iron and tin; salts of these metals can also be used.

Nitro groups can also be reduced in the Zinin reaction, which is discussed in "Organic Reactions", Vol.

John Wiley Sons 1973, page 455 et seq.

Generally, the Zinin reaction involves reduction of a nitro -41group with divalent negative sulfur compounds, such as alkali metal sulfides, polysulfides and hydrosulfides.

The nitro groups can be reduced by electrolytic action; see, for example, the "Amination by Reduction" article, referred to above.

Typically the amino phenols of this invention are obtained by reduction of nitro phenols with hydrogen in the presence of a metallic catalyst such as discussed above.

This reduction is generally carried out at temperatures of about 15*-250°C., typically, about 50*-150*C., and hydrogen pressures of about 0--2000 psig, typically, about 50-250 psig. The reaction time for reduction usually varies between about 0.5-50 hours. Substantially inert liquid diluents and solvents, such as ethanol, cyclohexane, etc., 15 can be used to facilitate the reaction. The amino phenol product is obtained by well-known techniques such as disjtillation, filtration, extraction, and so forth.

The reduction is carried out until at least about usually about 80%, of the nitro groups present in the nitro 20 intermediate mixture are converted to amino groups. The typical route to the amino phenols of this invention just described can be summarized as nitrating with at least one nitrating agent at least one compound of the formula

(OH),

I

(R

4 Ar' Formula XVIII wherein R 4 is a substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based group of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms; a and e are each independently an integer of 1 up to three times the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar' with the proviso that the sum of a, b and c does not exceed the unsatisfied valences of Ar'; and Ar' is an aromatic moiety having 0 to S-42 3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, and halo, or combinations of two or more optional substituents, with the provisos that Ar' has at least one hydrogen atom directly bonded to a carbon atom which is part of an aromatic nucleus, and when Ar' is a benzene having only one hydroxyl and one R substituent, the R substituent is ortho or para to said hydroxyl substituent, to form a first reaction mixture containing a nitro intermediate, and (II) reducing at least about 50% of the nitro groups in said first reaction mixture to amino groups.

Usually this means reducing at least about 50% of the nitro groups to amino groups in a compound or mixture of compounds of the formula S (OH)c I Formula XIX

(R

4 a Ar (NO2 b wherein R 4 is a substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms; a, b and e are each independently an integer of 1 up to three times the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar with the pro- 25 viso that the sum of a, b and e does not exceed the unsatisfied valences of Ar; and Ar is an aromatic moiety having 0 to 3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, halo, or combinations of two or more of said optional substituents; with the proviso that when Ar is a benzene nucleus having only one hydroxyl and one R substituent, the R 4 substituent is ortho or para to said hydroxyl substituent.

The composition of the present invention comprising components and or and are useful in two-stroke cycle engines. When the composition comprises and these components are present in the weight range of about 97:3 to about 80:20; preferably 95:5 to about 43 85:15 and most preferably from about 93:7 to about 88:12.

When the composition comprises and these components are present in the following parts by weight: Component Generally Preferred Most Preferred 70-94 76-94 80-90 5-18 3-12 5-10 1-12 1-7.5 3-6 The components of this invention are blended together according to the above ranges to effect solution. It is understood that c'.her components beside the above-named components may be present with this two-stroke cycle formulation.

The following specific illustrative examples describe how to make the detergent/dispersants and the amino phenols 15 which comprise components and of this invention.

In these examples, as well as in this specification and the appended claims, all percentages, parts and ratios are by weight, unless otherwise expressly stated to the contrary.

Temperatures are in degrees centigrade unless expressly stated to the contrary.

EXAMPLE 1A S -A mixture of 4578 parts of a polyisobutene-substituted phenol prepared by boron trifluoride-phenol catalyzed alkylation of phenol with a polyisobutene having a number average molecul.ar weight of approximately 1000 (vapor phase osmometry), 3052 parts of diluent mineral oil and 725 parts of textile spirits is heated to 60° to achieve homogenity.

After cooling to 30", 319.5 parts of 16 molar nitric acid in 600 parts of water is added to the mixture. Cooling is necessary to keep the mixture's temperature below After the reaction mixture is stirred for an additional two hours, an aliquot of 3,710 parts is transferred to a second reaction vessel. This second portion is treated with an 44 additional 127.8 parts of 16 molar nitric acid in 130 parts of water at 25-30°. The reaction mixture is stirred for hours and then stripped to 220/30 tor. Filtration provides an oil solution of the desired intermediate (IA).

EXAMPLE 1B A mixture of 810 parts of the oil solution of the (IA) intermediate described in Example IA, 405 parts of isopropyl alcohol and 405 parts of toluene is charged to an appropriately sized autoclave. Platinum oxide catalyst (0.81 part) is added and the autoclave evacuated and purged .with nitrogen four times to remove any residual air.

Hydrogen is fed to the autoclave at a pressure of 29-55 15 psig while the content is stirred and heated to 27-92" for a total of thirteen hours. Residual excess hydrogen is removed from the reaction mixture by evacuation and purging with nitrogen four times. The reaction mixture is then filtered through diatomaceous earth and the filtrate strip- V 20 ped to provide an oil solution of the desired amino phenol.

This solution contains 0.578% nitrogen.

EXAMPLE 2 A mixture of 906 parts of an oil solution of an alkyl phenyl sulfonic acid (having an average molecular weight of 450, vapor phase osmometry), 564 parts mineral oil, 600 parts toluene, 98.7 parts magnesium oxide and 120 parts water is blown with carbon dioxide at a temperature of 78-- 85' for seven hours at a rate of about 3 cubic feet of carbon dioxide per hour. The reaction mixture is constantly agitated throughout the carbonation. After carbonation, the reaction mixture is stripped to 1650/20 tor and the residue filtered. The filtrate is an oil 45 solution of the desired overbased magnesium sulfonate having a metal ratio of about 3.

EXAMPLE 3 A polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride is prepared by reacting a chlorinated poly(isobutene) (having an average chlorine content of 4.3% and an average of 82 carbon atoms) with maleic anhydride at about 200°. The resulting polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride has a saponification number of 90. To a mixture of 1,246 parts of this succinic anhydride and 1000 parts of toluene there is added at 76.6 parts of barium oxide. The mixture is heated to 115°C. and 125 parts of water is added drop-wise over a 15 period of one hour. The mixture is then allowed to reflux at 150°C. until all the barium oxide is reacted.

Stripping and filtration provides a filtrate having a barium content of 4.71%.

20 EXAMPLE 4 A mixture of 1500 parts of chlorinated poly(isobutene) (of molecular weight of about 950 and having a chlorine content of 285 parts of an alkylene polyamine having an average composition corresponding stoichiometrically to tetraethylene pentamine and 1200 parts of benzene is heated to reflux. The mixture's temperature is then slowly increased over a 4-hour period to 170* while benzene is removed. The cooled mixture is diluted with an equal volume of mixed hexanes and absolute ethanol This mixture is heated to reflux and a 1/3 volume of 10% aqueous sodium carbonate is added to it. After stirring, the mixture is allowed to cool and the phases separated. The organic phase is washed with water and stripped to provide 46 the desired polyisobutenyl polyamine having a nitrogen content of EXAMPLE A mixture of 140 parts of toluene and 400 parts of a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (prepared from the poly- (isobutene) having a molecular weight of about 850, vapor phase osmometry) having a saponification number of 109 and 63.6 parts of an ethylene amine mixture having an average composition corresponding in stoichiometry to tetraethylene pentamine, is heated to 150"C. while the water/toluene azeotrope is removed. The reaction mixture is then heated to 150"C under reduced pressure until toluene ceases to 15 distill. The residual acylated polyamine has a nitrogen content of 4.7%.

EXAMPLE 6 20 To 1,133 parts of commercial diethylene triamine heated at 110-150* is slowly added 6820 parts of isostearic acid over a period of two hours. The mixture is held at 0 1500 for one hour and then heated to 180" over an additional hour. Finally, the mixture is heated to 205" over 0.5 hour; throughout this heating, the mixture is blown with nitrogen to remove volatiles. The mixture is held at 205-230" for a total of 11.5 hours and then stripped at 230°/20 torr to provide the desired acylated polyamine as a residue containing 6.2% nitrogen.

EXAMPLE 7 To a mixture of 50 parts of a polypropyl-substituted phenol (having a molecular weight of about 900, vapor phase Vp 47 osmometry), 500 parts of mineral oil (a solvent refined paraffinic oil having a viscosity of 100 SUS at 100*F.) and 130 parts of 9.5% aqueous dimethylamine solution (equivalent to 12 parts amine) is added drop-wise, over an hour, 22 parts of a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (corresponding to 8 parts aldehyde). During the addition, the reaction temperature is slowly increased to 100° and held at that point for three hours while the mixture is blown with nitrogen. To the cooled reaction mixture is added 100 parts toluene and 50 parts mixed butyl alcohols.

The organic phase is washed-three times with water until neutral to litmus paper and the organic phase filtered and stripped to 200*/5-10 tor. The residue is an oil solution of the final product containing 0.45% nitrogen.

EXAMPLE 8 A mixture of 140 parts (by weight) of a mineral oil, 174 parts of a poly(isobutene) (molecular weight 1000)-sub- 20 stituted succinic anhydride having a saponification number of 105 and 23 parts of isostearic acid is prepared at To this mixture there is added 17.6 parts of a mixture of polyalkylene amines having an overall composition corresponding to that of tetraethylene pentamine at 80"-100*C.

throughout a period of 1.3 hours. The reaction is exothermic. The mixture is blown at 225"C. with nitrogen at a rate of 5 pounds per hour for 3 hours whereupon 47 parts of an aqueous distillate is obtained. The mixture is dried at 225*C. for 1 hour, cooled to 110°C. and filtered to provide the desired final product in oil solution.

This invention also contemplates the use of other additives in the lubricating oil compositions of this invention. These other additives include such conventional additive types as anti-oxidants, extreme pressure agents, corrosion-inhibiting agents, pour point depressants, color 48 stabilizing agents, anti-foam agents, and other such additive materials known generally to those skilled in the art of formulating lubricating oil compositions.

Dye may be used for identification purposes and to indicate whether a two-stroke cycle fuel contains lubricant. Coupling agents such as organic surfactants are incorporated into some products to provide better component solubilities and improved fuel/lubricant mix water tolerance.

Anti-wear and lubricity improvers are used in special applications, such as racing and for very high fuel/lubricant ratios. Scavengers or combustion chamber deposit modifiers are sometimes used to promote better spark plug life and to remov-a carbon deposits. Halogenated 15 compounds and/or phosphorus- containing materials may be used for this application.

Rust and corrosion inhibitors of all types are and may be incorporated into two-stroke cycle oil formulations.

Odorants or deodorants are sometimes used for aesthetic reasons.

Lubricity agents such as synthetic polymers polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 10,000), as measured by evapor phase osmometry or gel permeation chromatography, polyol ether poly(oxyethylene-oxypropylene)ethers) and ester oils the ester oils described above) can also be used in the oil compositions of this invention.

Natural oil fractions such as bright stocks (the relatively viscous products formed during conventional lubricating oil manufacture from petroleum) can also be used for this purpose. They are usually present in the two-stroke cycle oil in the amount of about 3 to about 20% of the total oil compcoition.

Diluents such as petroleum naphthas or low molecular weight esters boiling at the range of about 38-90 S- 49 Stoddard solvent) can also be included in the oil compositions of this invention, typically in an amount of to 25%. When diluents are used it is as a direct replacement for 10 parts of are replaced with 10 parts of a diluent.

Table II describes several illustrative biodegradable two-stroke cycle engine oil lubricant compositions of this invention.

TABLE II

AMINO

PHENOL

DETERGENT-DISPERSANT OF EXAMPLE NATURAL OIL AMOUNTpbw EXAMPLE AMOUNT EXAMPLE 1 A SUNYL 80 85 6 7.5 15 B SUNYL 80 90 6 10.0 C SOYBEAN OIL 80 6 10.0 10.0 S" D HIGH OLEIC CORN OIL 96 2 1.0 E VERNONIA OIL 89 4 3.5 F CASTOR OIL 92 3 2.0 G SOYBEAN OIL 82 5 3.0 15.0 H HIGH OLEIC RAPESEED OIL 96 5 1.0 I HIGH OLEIC SAFFLOWER OIL 88 6 4.0 25 In some two-stroke cycle engines the lubricating oil can be directly injected into the intake manifold or crankcase along with the fuel or into the fuel just prior to the time the fuel enters the combustion chamber. The two-stroke cycle lubricants of this invention can be used 30 in this type of engine.

As is well known to those skilled in the art, twostroke cycle engine lubricating oils are often added directly to the fuel to form a mixture of oil and fuel which is then introduced into the engine cylinder. Such lubricant-fuel oil mixtures are within the scope of this invention. Such lubricant-fuel blends generally contain per 1 part of oil about 15-250 parts fuel, typically they contain 1 part oil to about 50-100 parts fuel.

The fuels used in two-stroke cycle engines are well known to those skilled in the art and usually contain a major portion of a normally liquid fuel such as hydrocarbonaceous petroleum distillate fuel motor 50 gasoline as defined by ASTM Specification D-439-73). Such fuels can also contain non-hydrocarbonaceous materials such as alcohols, ethers, organo-nitro compounds and the like methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, nitromethane) are also within the scope of this invention as are liquid fuels derived from vegetable or mineral sources such as corn, alfalfa, shale and coal.

Examples of such fuel mixtures are combinations of gasoline and ethanol, diesel fuel and ether, gasoline and nitromethane, etc. Particularly preferred is gasoline, that is, a mixture of hydrocarbons having an ASTM boiling point of 60*C. at the 10% distillation point to about 205°C. at the 90% distillation point.

Two-stroke cycle fuels also contain other additives which are well known to those of skill in the art. These can include anti-knock agents such as tetra-alkyl lead compounds, lead scavengers such as halo-alkanes ethylene dichloride and ethylene dibromide), octane enhancers such as methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-t- 20 butyl ether (ETBE) and aromatics such as xylene and toluene, dyes, antioxidants such as 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl- 4-methylphenol, rust inhibitors, such as alkylated succinic acids and anhydrides, bacteriostatic agents, gum inhibitors, metal deactivators, demulsifiers, upper cylinder lubricants, anti-icing agents and the like.

An example of a lubricant-fuel composition encompassed by this invention is a blend of motor gasoline and the lubricant blend described above in Example C in ratio (by weight) of 25-200 parts gasoline to 1 part lubricant.

Concentrates containing the nitrogen-containing soluble compositions of this invention are also within the scope of this invention. These concentrates usually comprise about 20 to about 80% of one or more of the hereinabove described natural oils and about 20 to about 80% of one or more nitrogen containing soluble O -51compositions, As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, such concentrates can also contain one or more of the hereinabove described auxiliary additives of various types.

Most testing for two-stroke cycle applications is done in comparison to a reference oil of acceptable quality.

Thus, for example, in the Yamaha CE50S lubricity test, the yoal is to have a torque drop less than or equal to the reference (the lower the number, the better the lubrication).

*.Example Number J A fuel:oil of 150:1 is prepared by adding 100 parts of the product of Example A (oil) to 15,000 parts gasoline (fuel). The torque drop in the Yamaha CE50S is 4.75 and ooe oI 15 the torque drop of a reference two-stroke cycle formulation at the 150:1 fuel to oil ratio is 6.26.

While the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that various modifications thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification.

Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover such modifications as S.fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (18)

1. A nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of: at least one vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride of the formula 0 II CH 2 -0-C-R' 0 II CH-O-C-R 2 0 II CH -0-C-R 3 2 wherein R 1 R 2 and R 3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms wherein the vegetable oil comprises high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, high oleic corn oil or high oleic rapeseed oil, and a detergent/dispersant comprising at least one acylated, nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms made by reacting a carboxylic acylating agent with at least one amino compound containing at least one -NH group, wherein the amino compound is an alkylene polyamine of the general formula p3-N U R I I Ra R 3 wherein U is an alkylene group of 2 Lo 10 carbon atoms; each R a is independently a hydrogen atom and n is 1 to 10, said acylating agent being linked to said amino compound through an imido, amido, amidine, or acyloxy ammonium linkage. -53-

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the acylating agent is Is a mono- or polycarboxylic acid, or reactant equivalent thereof, containing an aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituent of at least about carbon atoms wherein the substituent is made from a homo- or interpolymer of a Czl 1-monoolefin or mixtures thereof wherein the homo- or interpolymer is of ethylene, propylene, l.butene, 2- butene, isobutene or mixtures thereof.

3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the acylating agent is a mixture of fatty monocarboxylic acids, having straight and branched carbon chains.

4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the amino compound is an ethylene, propylene or trimethylene polyamine of at least 2 to about 8 amino groups or mixtures of such polyamines.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weignt ratio of A;B(I) is in the range of about 97:3 to about 80:20.

6. A nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of: at least one vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride of the formula 0 C CHz-O-C-R 0 II e 4 II CH 2 -O-C-R 3 wherein R 1 R 2 and R 3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms wherein the vegetable oil comprises high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, high oleic corn oil or high oleic rapeseed oil, -54- at least one detergent/dispersant selected from the group consisting of at least one acylated, nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms made by reacting a carboxylic acylating agent with at least one amino compound containing at least one -NH group, wherein the amino compound is an alkylene polyamine of the general formula R-N( I I R 8 R 8 wherein U is an alkylene group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms; each RP is independently a hydrogen atom and n is 1 to 10, said acylating agent being linked to said amino compound through an imido, amido, S"'amidine, or acyloxy ammonium linkage; (II) at least one neutral or basic metal salt of an organic sulfur acid, phenol or carboxylic acid; (III) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted amine wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is substantially aliphatic and contains at Sleast 12 carbon atoms with the proviso that said amine is not the amino phenol and (IV) at least one nitrogen-containing condensate of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound having at least one -NH group; and at least one amino phenol of the general formula (OH), (R 4 (NH) b wherein R 4 is a substantially saturated, hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms up to about 750 aliphatic carbon atoms; a, b and c are each independently in integer of one up to three time the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar with the proviso that the sum of a, b and c does not exceed the unsaturated valences of Ar; and Ar is an aromatic moiety having 0-3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, halo or combinations of two or more of said substituents.

7. The composition of claim 6 wherein R 4 is an alkyl or alkenyl group wherein R 4 contains about 30 to about 750 aliphatic carbon atoms and is made from a homo- or interpolymer of C2-C10 olefins, said olefins are selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butylene and mixtures thereof, a, b and c are each 1, there are zero optional substituents attached to Ar, and Ar is a benzene nucleus.

8. The composition of claim 6 wherein the amino phenol is of the formula OH wherein R is a substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based substituent having an average of from about 30 to about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms, R° is a member selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, nitro, and halo; and z is zero or one.

9. The composition of claim 6 wherein the detergent/ dispersant (II) is at least one basic metal salt of an organic 00 sulfonic acid or phenol wherein the metal is at least one alkali or 0 alkaline earth metal.

The composition of claim 9 wherein the detergent/dispersant is at least one alkaline earth metal sulfonate wherein the sulfonate is an alkyl-substituted benzene sulfonate wherein the alkyl group has at least about 8 carbon atoms.

11. The composition of claim 6 wherein the detergent/dispersant is (III) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted -56- amine wherein the amine is a monoamine of the general formula AXNR 7 O

12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the hydrocarbyl- substituted amine is a hydrocarbyl-substituted aminohydrocarbyl morpholine of the general formula R 7 NU-N_ O A wherein R 7 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of from about 30 to about 400 carbons, A is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl of from 1 to carbon atoms or hydroxy hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and U is an alkylene group of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.

13. The composition of claim 6 wherein within the acylating agent is a mono- or polycarboxylic acid, or reactant "equivalent thereof, containing an aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituent of at least about 30 carbon atoms wherein the substituent is made from a homo- or interpolymer of a C 2 1-monoolefin or mixtures thereof wherein the homo- or interpolymer is of ethylene, Spropylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene or mixtures thereof.

14. The composition as claimed in claim 13 wherein the acylating agent is a mixture of fatty monocarboxylic acids having straight and branched carbon chains.

The composition as claimed in claim 14 wherein the amino compound is an ethylene, propylene or trimethylene polyamine of at least 2 to about 8 amino groups or mixtures of such polyamines.

16. The composition as claimed in claim 6 wherein the detergent/dispersant is a (IV) nitrogen-containing condensate of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound having at least one -NH group wherein the phenol is an alkyl-substituted phenol, the alkyl group having at least about 30 carbon atoms, the aldehyde is -57- formaldehyde, or a reactant equivalent thereof and the amino compound is of the formula 9 R 8 R R wherein U is an alkylene group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms; each R 3 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower hydroxyl alkyl group, with the proviso that at least one R 3 is a hydrogen atom, and n is 1 to

17. The composition as claimed in claim 16 wherein the condensate is made by first reacting the phenol with the aldehyde in the present of an alkaline catalyst at a temperature of up to 150 0 C, then neutralizing the intermediate reaction mixture thus formed and finally reacting the neutralized intermediate reaction mixture with at least one amino compound having at least one -NH g oup.

18. The composition of claim 6 comprising from about 70-94 parts by weight of from about 5-18 parts by weight of and from about 1-12 parts by weight of DATED this 7th day of July 1993 THE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION By their Patent Attorneys: C A L L I N A N L A W R I E A 58 'ABSTRACT This invention relates to a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of: at least one natural oil comprising an animal oil or vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride of the formula O II CH 2 -O-C-R 1 0 **II CH- O-C-R 2 Formula I o o0 II CKH--C-R wherein R 2 and R 3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms and 25 a detergent/dispersant comprising at least one S.2* acylated, nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms made by reacting a carboxylic acylating agent with at least one amino compound containing at least one -NH group, said acylating agent being linked to said amino compound through an imido, amido, amidine, or acyloxy ammonium linkage. In another embodiment, the invention comprises a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of: the natural oil as described above with at least one detergent-dispersant selected from the group consisting of the acylated, nitrogen-containing compound as described above, 59 9 (II) at least one neutral or basic metal salt of an organic sulfur acid, phenol or carboxylic acid; (II) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted amine wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is substantially aliphatic and contains at least 12 carbon atoms with the proviso that said amine is not the amino phenol and (IV) at least one nitrogen-containing condensate of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound having at least one -NH group; and at least one amino phenol of the general formula 4 a, (OH), Formula II (NH)b wherein R 4 is a substantially saturated, hydrocarbon-based 20 substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms; a, b and c are each independently in integer of one up to three time S.,the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar with the proviso that the sum of a, b and c does not exceed the unsaturated valences of Ar; and Ar is an aromatic moiety 25 having 0-3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, halo or combinations of two or more of said substituents.