CA2100030C - Two-stroke cycle lubricant composed of a vegetable oil and an additive package - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of:

(A) at least one natural oil comprising an animal oil or vegetable oil comprising a, triglyceride of the formula wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms and (B)(I) a detergent/dispersant comprising at least one acylated, nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms made by reacting a carboxylic acylating agent with at least one amino compound containing at least one -NH group, said acylating agent being linked to said amino compound through an imido, amido, amidine, or acyloxy ammonium linkage.
In another embodiment, the invention comprises a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of:

(A) the: natural oil as described above with (B) at least one detergent-dispersant selected from the group consisting of (I) the acylated, nitrogen-containing compound as described above, (II) at least one neutral or basic metal salt of an organic sulfur acid, phenol or carboxylic acid:

(III) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted amine wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is substantially aliphatic and contains at least 12 carbon atoms with the proviso that said amine is not the amino phenol (C); and (IV) at least one nitrogen-containing condensate of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound having at least one -NH group; and (C) at least one amino phenol of the general formula

Description

210OD~U

TITLE: A TWO-STROKE CYCLE LUBRICANT COMPOSED OF A
VEGETABLE. OIL AND ~1N ADDITIVE PACKAGE
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an additive package dissolved in a naturally occurring triglyceride such that a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition is obtained. The co~ruposition thus obtained has utility in two-stroke cycle, spark-ignited internal combustion engines when combined with fuels before or during use.
Background of the Invention Over the past several decades the use of spark-ignited two-stroke cycle :internal combustion engines including rotary engines such as those of the Wankel type has steadily increased. They are presently found in power lawn mowers and other power-operated garden equipment, power chain saws, pumps, electrica7L generators, marine outboard engines, snow mobiles, motorcycles and the like.
The increasing use of two-stroke cycle engines coupled with increasing severity of the conditions in which they have operated has led to increasing demand for oils to lubricate adE:quate:ly such engines. Among the problems associated with lubrication o:E two-stroke cycle engines are piston ring sticking, rusting, lubrication failure of connecting rod and main bearings and the general formation on the engine's interior surfaces of carbon and varnish deposits. The formation of varnish is a particularly vexatious problem :since the build-up of varnish on piston and cylinder walls is believe: to ultimately result in ring sticking which leads to failure of the sealing function of piston ring(s). Such seal failure causes loss of cylinder compression which is particularly damaging in two-stroke cycle engines. because they depend on suction to draw the 2~~00030 new fuel charge into the exhausted cylinder. Thus, ring sticking can lead to deterioration in engine performance and unnecessary consumption of fuel and/or lubricant.
Spark plug fouling and engine port plugging problems also occur in two-stroke: cycle engines.
The unique prolblems and techniques associated with the lubrication of two-stroke cycle engines has led to the recognition by those skilled in the art of two-stroke cycle engine lubricants as a distinct lubricant type. See, for example, US Patents. 3,085,975; 3,004,837; and 3,753,905.
US Patent 4,100,082 (Clason et al, July 11, 1978) relates to additive combinations useful in oils of lubricating viscosity and normally liquid fuels. More particularly, this reference relates to additive combinations of amino phenols with certain detergent/dispersants and to oils and fuels containing same which are especially useful in two-stroke cycle engines.
US Patent 4,663,063 (Davis, May 5, 1987) relates to additive combinations useful in lubricating compositions containing a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the additive combination.
The lubricants are: useful i.n two-stroke cycle internal combustion engines. More particularly, the reference relates to additive compositions comprising a mixture of at least one alltyl phenol having at least one hydrocarbon based group o:E at least about 10 aliphatic carbon atoms and at least one amino compound which is not an aminophenol.
Since two-stroke cycle engine oils are often combined with fuels before or during use, this reference also relates to two-stroke cycle fuel-lubricant mixtures.
US Patent 4,708,809 (Dav:is, November 24, 1987) relates to lubricant compositions containing a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of at least one alkyl phenol. The lubricants are useful in two-stroke cycle internal combustion engines. More particularly, the references relates to such oils containing alkyl phenols having at least one hydrocarbon-based group of at least about 10 aliphatic carbon atoms. Since two-stroke cycle engine oils are often combined with fuels before or during use, this reference: also relates to two-stroke cycle fuel-lubricant mixtures.
Summary of the Invention This invention comprises a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of:
(A) at least one natural oil comprising an animal oil or vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride of the formula O
II
CH2-O-C-R~
O

CH-O-~C-R2 Formula I
O

wherein R~, RZ anal R3 are independently saturated or 30 unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from about 8 to about 29~ carbon atoms and (8)(I) a detergent/dispersant comprising at least one acylated, nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least :LO aliphatic carbon atoms made by reacting a 35 carboxylic acylating agent with at least one amino compound containing at. least one -NH group, said acylating agent being linked to said amino compound through an imidazoline imido, amido, amidine, or acyloxy ammonium linkage.

In another embodiment, the invention comprises a nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of:
(A) the natural oil as described above with (B) at least one detergent-dispersant selected from the group consisting of (I) the acylated, nitrogen-containing compound as described above, (II) at least one neutral or basic metal salt of an organic sulfur acid, phenol or carboxylic acid:
(III) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted amine wherein the h~~drocarbyl substituent is substantially aliphatic and contains at least 12 carbon atoms with the proviso that said amine is not the amino phenol (C): and (IV) at .Least one nitrogen-containing condensate of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound having at least one -NH group; and (C) at least one amino phenol of the general formula (~H)c Formula II
(R4) e- Ar (NHz) b wherein R4 is a substantially saturated, hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms; a, b and c are each independently in integer of one up to three time the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar with the proviso that the ~:um of a, b and c does not exceed the unsaturated ~~alences of Ar; and Ar is an aromatic moiety having 0-3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting oi: lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, halo or combinations of two or more of said substituents.

- 21.00030 Detailed Description of the Invention (A) The Natural Oi.l In practicing this invention a natural oil is employed which is an animal or vegetable oil of a triglyceride of the formula O
II
CH2 O - C -- R~
~ O (I) ~I

CHZ O- C--R
Within structure ( :I ) R' , RZ and R3 are hydrocarbyl groups independently containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. The term "hydrocarbyl group" as used herein denotes a radical having a. carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule. Within the context of this invention, the hydrocarbyl group is of predominately aliphatic hydrocarbon character. Such aliphatic hydrocarbon groups include the following:
(1) Aliphatic; hydrocarbon groups; that is, alkyl groups such as heptyl, nonyl, undecyl, tridecyl, heptadecyl; alkenyl. groups containing a single double bond such as he=ptenyl, nonenyl, undecenyl, tridecenyl, heptadecenyl, henei.cosenyl: alkenyl groups containing 2 or 3 double bonds such as 8,11--heptadecadienyl and 8,11,14 heptadecatrienyl. All isomers of these are included, but straight chain groups are preferred.
(2) Sub~stitut:ed aliphatic hydrocarbon groups; that is groups containing non-hydrocarbon substituents which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group. Those skilled in th.e art will be aware of suitable substituents;

examples are hydroxy, carbalkoxy, (especially lower carbalkoxy) and alkoxy (espec:ially lower alkoxy), the term, "lower" denoting groups containing not more than 7 carbon atoms.
(3) Hei:ero groups; treat is, groups which, while having predoa~inant7Ly aliphatic hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention, contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of aliphatic carbon atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example, oxygen and sulfur.
The hydrocarbyl groups m.ay be saturated or unsaturated or a mixture: of both. The preferred triglycerides are those in which the aliphatic groups represented by R', R2 and R3 have from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. Typical triglyceride~~ employed within the instant invention include coconut oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, sunflower oi:l, rapeseed oil, (both high erucic and low erucic), high oleic: rapeseed oil, high oleic sunflower oil, cottonseed oi.l, peanut oil, corn oil, high oleic corn oil, castor oil, meadow:Eoam oil, lesquerella oil, soybean oil, palm olefin, palm kernel oil, sesame oil, vernonia oil, as well as animal oils and fats having the prescribed structure formula (I), such as lard oil and beef tallow.
It is preferred that the triglyceride be of a vegetable oil.
The naturally occurring triglycerides are not chemically pure. That is, while soybean oil satisfies a parameter of structure (I) wherein R', R2 and R3 contain from about 8 to 24 carbon atoms, soybean oil contains a mixture of fatty acids of different carbon lengths incorporated into a trig7Lyceride structure. Table I outlines the composition of a fe:w natural oils which are triglycerides.

~1000~0 _,_ -, ~O M r V~
~ i O
O n i n v O ~ ~ C) ~ O
M ~ y- ~ n i n P V01 i M M
~ O O
N ~ N
V
~ O
L
O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ , ~ O
_ M of 00 n n n ~
Z C P

N
C
W

_ I ~~N'1 O~ O

nnnnl- ~ n ~ , !~
~ ~ ~ M r _ N N O O
O ~ N yt 'fl d w d V

_ d N L

IL ~ tf1 M N N n 1f1 n I!1 V1 O N

v- r v n v v H Y- v v H N n O L w0 N
r-O O O O~ O ~
P tn mn O

M

w d Y

N

J
O

Q C

F- L
O

U IL ~O M N ~ V1 n ~ t!1 O
vt n n n n H ~- 1- y- n M
~

M O O o O O

a a w ..

~o o _ ~ P ~

3~t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N i ~ ~
O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i vt N

U c0 G

N
N

~ ~ V1 ~
~ ~ ~O

O

ct0 P vt r' M

N

--O O

r i 00 M
U ~ ~ i ~
M r ~ n n I n n n v n n n ~ N r-O N ~
O O n , V1 1!1 M

U vt v v C ~- N P .t '- N d c0 O ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N r- ~ ~ mt r- ~ mn O '- O O ~
a ~ M M
O ~ ~ M
U
~D a a a a ~ a ~ai ~v ~ a a ~u a a ~ ~L ._ ~ a ~ai a .~
_ avu_v_aroo ~
o - a a ~.~ ~v.. . .. ... ~ai a g ~~ v ~O T ~.- ~ N ~ L .C ~C ~ O N ~ U
L L L ~L ~~ J ,0 U 41 C L ~.- E ~ O ~U ~- O O
d a Q 7 L N c0 .G OI 7 L _N ~ 7 U C_ C
t7 (0 !p ~O f0 N ~. f0 w L Ql ~.- (0 ]. ~9 f0 L .~
2 ~~~ U U U J f D_ Vl Q m J J f d O C7 4l d' J J

2.100030 _ .B _ Some of the preferred vegetable oils of this invention are high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic rapeseed oil, high oleic being defined as containing at least 70% oleic content and preferably at least 80% oleic content, obtained from sunflower (Helianthus sp.) available from SVO
Enterprises, Eastlake, Ohio as SunylR 70 or SunylR 80 high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic corn oil, soybean oil, castor oil, and vernonia oil.. Vernonia oil is preferred because it is a nai~urally occurring epoxidized oil.
O
i1 CHZ~OOC ( CHZ ) 7CH=CHCH2CHCH ( CH2 ) 4CH3 O

CHOOC (CH2) NCH=CHCHZCHCH (CHZ) 4CH3 Vernonia oil /O
CH2~OOC ( CH:Z ) NCH=CHCH2CHCH ( CH2 ) 4CH3 However, it is also within the scope of this invention to synthetically epoxi.dize any naturally occurring oil that is not naturally epoxidized. That is, a natural oil may be reacted with aqueous peracetic acid solution, or with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid in a manner well known by those skilled in the art. The epoxide content of the synthetically epoxidized natural oils will vary with the degree of completion of the epoxidation reaction and also with the amount of unsaturation present in the triglyceride of the natural oil.. Characteristically, such epoxidized oils have an oxirane oxygen content of at least 3%, preferably 5 to 15%. One example of an epoxidized natural oil is epoxidized :soybean oi:L and one species present of ~1C10030 _a_ the epoxidized soybean oil is O O
/I /I
CH200C ( CH,z ) 7CHCHCH2CHCH ( CH2 ) 4CH3 CHOOC ( CHZ ) 7CHCHCHZCHCH ( CHZ ) 4CH3 O O
/~ /I
CHZOOC ( CHz ) ~CHCHCHZCHCH ( CH2 ) 4cH3 (B) The Deter ent 'Dispersant:
In one embodiment the detergent/dispersant is (8)(I) that is combined with (A). In another embodiment, the detergent/dispersant is selected from the group consisting of (B)(I) th:rough (B)(IV) that is combined with (A) and (C) .
In general the: detergent/dispersants (B) used in this invention are: materials known to those skilled in the art and they haves been described in numerous books, articles and patents. A number of these are noted hereinbelow in relation to specific types of detergent/dispersants and where this i;s done: it is to be understood that they are incorporated by reference for their disclosures relevant to the subject matter discussed at the point in the specification in which they <ire identified.
(B) (I) The Ac:vlated Nitroqer~-containinq~ Compounds A number of <~cylated, nitrogen-containing compounds having a substitue:nt R9 of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms and made by reacting a carboxylic acid acylating agent with an amino compound are known to those skilled in the art. In suclh compositions the acylating agent is linked to the: amino compound through an imidazoline imido, amido, amid:ine or acyloxy ammonium linkage. The - 2z.ooo~o substituent of 10 aliphatic carbon atoms, preferably 30 aliphatic carbon atoms, may be in either the carboxylic acid acylating agent derived portion of the molecule or in the amino compound derived portion of the molecule.
Preferably, however, it is in the acylating agent portion.
The acylating agent can vary from formic acid and its acylating derivatives to acylating agents having high molecular weight aliphatic substituents of up to 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 carbon atoms. The amino compounds can vary from ammonia. itself to amines having aliphatic substituents of up to about 30 carbon atoms. A more detailed discussion of R9 occurs later in this specification.
A typical class of acyla.ted amino compounds useful in making the compositions of this invention are those made by reacting an acylating agent having an aliphatic substituent of at least In carbon atoms and a nitrogen compound charac terized by 'the presence o:f at least one -NH group.
Typically, the ac:ylating agent will be a mono- or polycarboxylic acid (or reactive equivalent thereof) such as a substituted succinic or propionic acid and the amino compound will be a polyamine or mixture of polyamines, most typically, a mixture of ethylene polyamines. The aliphatic substituent R'9 in such acylating agents is often of at least about 50 and up to about 400 carbon atoms. The aliphatic substituted R9 is derived from homopolymerized or interpolymerized C:2_~o 1-olefins or mixtures of both.
Usually R9 is derived from ethylene, propylene, butylene and mixtures thE~reof . Typically, it is derived from polymerized isobutene. Exemplary of amino compounds useful in making theae acylated compounds are the following:
(1) polyalkyls:ne polyamines of the general formula Rs -- N-f-U-N-)-~Ra Formula III

wherein each R8 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl, group, a lower hydroxy alkyl group or a C~
hydrocarbon-based group, with the proviso that at least one R8 is a hydrogen atom, n is a whole number of 1 to 10 and U
is a CZ_~o a:Lkylene group, (2) heterocyclic-substituted polyamines of the formula R8- N-~ U N -~- U N-~,U2Y Formula IV

wherein Ra and U are as defined hereinabove, m is 0 or a whole number of 1 to 10, m' is a whole number of 1 to 10 and Y is an oxygen or divalent sulfur atom or a N-R8 group and (3) aromatic polyamines of the general formula Ar (NR82) Y Formula V
wherein Ar is. an aromatic nucleus of 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, each Rc3 is as, defined hereinabove and y is 2 to about 8. Specific examples of the polyalkylene polyamines (1) are ethylenE~ dia.mine, tetra(ethylene)pentamine, tri-(trimethylene)tetramine, 1,2-propylene diamine, etc.
Specific e~s:ample:~ of the heterocyclic-substituted polyamines (2) are N-2-aminoethyl piperazine, N-2 and N-3 amino propyl. morpholine, N-3-(dimethyl amino) propyl piperazine, etc. Specific: examples of the aromatic polyamines ( 3 ) are 'the variou:a isomeric phenylene diamines, the various isomeric naphthy7.ene diamines, etc.
Many patients have described useful acylated nitrogen compounds including U.S. F~atents 3,172,892; 3,219,666;
3,272,746; 3,310,4692: 3,341.,542: 3,444,170; 3,455,831;
3,455832; 3,°_i76,74:3; 3,630,904; 3,632,511; and 3,804,763.
A typical acylatect nitrogen-containing compound of this class is tlaat made by reacting a poly(isobutene)-substituted succinic anhydride acylating agent (e. g., anhydride, acid, ester, etc. ) wherein the poly(isobutene) substituent has between about 50 to about 400 carbon atoms with a mixture of ethylene polyamines having 3 to about 7 amino nitrogen atoms per ethylene polyamine and about 1 to about 6 ethylene units made from condensation of ammonia with ethylene chloride. In view of the extensive disclosure of this type of acylated amino compound, further discussion of their nature and method of preparation is not needed here.
Another type of acylated nitrogen compound belonging to this class is that made by reacting the afore-described alkylene amines with the afore-described substituted succinic acids or anhydrides and aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids having from 2 to about 22 carbon atoms. In these types of acylated nitrogen compounds, the mole ratio of succinic acid to mono-carboxylic acid ranges from about 1:0.1 to about 1:1. Typical of the mono-carboxylic acid are formic acid, acetic acid, dodecanoic acid, butanoic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, the commercial mixture of stearic acid isomers known as ~isostearic acid, tolyl acid, etc. Such materials are more fully described in U.S. Patents 3,216,936 and 3,250,715.
Still another type of acylated nitrogen compound useful in making the compositions of this invention is the product of the reaction of a fatty monocarboxylic acid of about 12-30 carbon atoms and the afore-described alkylene amines, typically, ethylene, propylene or trimethylene polyamines containing 2 to 8 amino groups and mixtures thereof. The fatty monocarboxylic acids are generally mixtures of straight and branched chain fatty carboxylic acids containing 12-30 carbon atoms. A widely used type of acylated nitrogen compound is made by reacting the afore-described alkylene polyamines with a mixture of fatty acids having from 5 to about 30 mole percent straight chain acid and about 70 to about 95 percent mole branched chain fatty acids. Among the commercially available mixtures are those known widely in the trade as isostearic acid. These mixtures are produced as a by-product from the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids as described in U.S. Patents 2,812,342 and 3,260,671.

The branched chain fatty acids can also include those in which the branch is not alkyl in nature, such as found in phenyl and cyclohexyl stearic acid and the chlorostearic acids. Branched chain fatty carboxylic acid/alkylene polyamine products have been described extensively in the art.
See for example, U.S. Patents 3,110,673; 3,251,853; 3,326,801; 3,337,459;
3,405,064; 3,429,674; 3,468,639; 3,857,791.
(B) (II) The Neutral or Basic, Metal Salts of Organic Sulfur Acids.
Carboxylic Acids or Phenols The choice of metal used to make these salts is usually not critical and therefore virtually any metal can be used. For reasons of availability, cost and maximum effectiveness, certain metals are more commonly used. These include the alkali and alkaline earth metals (i.e., the Group IA and IIA
metals excluding francium and radium). Group IIB metals as well as polyvalent metals such as aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper can also be used. Salts containing a mixture of ions of two or more of these metals are often used.

These salts can be neutral or basic. The former contain an amount of metal cation just sufficient to neutralize the acidic groups present in the salt anion; the latter contain an excess of metal cation and are often termed overbased, hyperbased or superbased salts.
These basic and neutral salts can be of oil-soluble organic sulfur acids such as sul,fonic, sulfamic, thiosul fonic, sulfinic, sulfenic, partial ester sulfuric, sulfurous and thiosulfuric acid. Generally they are salts of carbocyclic or aliphatic sulfonic acids.
The carbocyclic sulfonic acids include the mono- or poly-nuclear aromatic or cycloaliphatic compounds. The oil soluble sulfonates can be represented for the most part by the following formulae:
[RxT-(S03)Y]IMe Formula VI
[R'°- (S03)e]~ Formula VII
In the above formulae, M is either a metal cation as des-cribed hereinabove or hydrogen: T is a cyclic nucleus such as, for example, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenan-threne, diphenylene oxide, thianthrene, phenothioxine, diphenylene sulfide, phenothiazine, diphenyl oxide, diphenyl sulfide, diphenylamine, cyclohexane, petroleum naphthenes, decahydro-naphthalene, cyclopentane, etc.; R in Formula VI is an aliphatic group such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkyl, etc.: x is at least l, and RX + T contains a total of at least about 15 carbon atoms. R'° in Formula VII is an aliphatic radical containing at least about 15 carbon atoms and M is either a metal cation or hydrogen. Examples of types of the R'°
radical are alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkyl, etc. Specific examples of R'° are groups derived from petrolatum, saturated and unsaturated paraffin wax, and ~~00030 polyolefins, including polymerized C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, etc. , olefins containing from about 15 to 7000 or more carbon atoms., The groups T, R, and R~° in the above formulae can also contain other inorganic or organic substituents in addition to those enumerated above such as, for example, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, nitro, amino, nitroso, sulfide, disulfide, etc. In Formula VI, x, y, z and b are at lleast :L, and likewise in Formula VII, a, b and d are at least 1.
The following are specific examples of oil-soluble sulfonic acids coming within the scope of Formulae VI and VII above, and it is to be understood that such examples serve also to illu:~trate the salts of such sulfonic acids useful in this invention. In other words, for every sulfonic acid enumerated it is intended that the corresponding neutral and basic metal salts thereof are also understood to be illustrated. Such sulfonic acids are mahogany sul:fonic acids; bright stock sulfonic acids;
sulfonic acids derived from lubricating oil fractions having a Saybolt viscosity from about 100 seconds at 100°F.
to about 200 seconds at 210°F.; petrolatum sulfonic acids;
mono- and poly-wax substituted sulfonic and polysulfonic acids of, e.g., benzene, naphthalene, phenol, diphenyl ether, naphthalene disulfide, diphenylamine, thiophene, alpha-chloronaphthalene, etc.; other substituted sulfonic acids such as alkyl benzene sulfonic acids (where the alkyl group has at least: 8 carbons), cetylphenol mono-sulfide sulfonic acids, d.icetyl thianthrene disulfonic acids, dilauryl beaa naphthyl sulfonic acids, dicapryl nitronaphthalene sulfonic acids, and alkaryl sulfonic acids such as dodecyl benzene "bott:oms" sulfonic acids.
The latter ara_ acids derived from benzene which has been alkylated with propylene tetramers or isobutene trimers to introduce 1, 2, 3, or more branched-chain C12 substituents on the benzene rang. Dodecyl benzene bottoms, principally mixtures of mono- and di-dodecyl benzenes, are available as by products from the manufacture of household detergents. Similar products obtained from alkylation bottoms formed during manufacture of linear alkyl sulfonates (LAS) are also useful in making the sulfonates used in this invention.
The production of sulfonates from detergent manufacture by-products by reaction with, e.g., S03 is well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, the article "Sulfonates" in Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", Second Edition, Vol. 19, pp. 291 et seq. published by John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. (1969). Other descriptions of neutral and basic sulfonate salts and techniques for making them can be found in the following U.S.
Patents: 2,174,110; 2,174,506; 2,174,508; 2,193,824; 2,197,800; 2,202,781;
2,212,786; 2,213,360; 2,228,598; 2,233,676; 2,239,974; 2,263,312;
2, 276, 090; 2, 276, 097; 2, 315, 514; 2, 319,121; 2, 321, 022; 2, 333, 568;
2, 333, 788; 2, 335,259; 2, 337, 552; 2, 346, 568; 2, 366, 027; 2, 374,193;
2,383,319; 3,312,618; 3,471,403; 3,488,284; 3,595,790; and 3,798,012.
Also included are aliphatic sulfonic acids such as paraffin wax sulfonic acids, unsaturated paraffin wax sulfonic acids, hydroxy-substituted paraffin wax sulfonic acids, hexapropylene sulfonic acids, tetra-amylene sulfonic acids, polyisobutene sulfonic acids wherein the polyisobutene contains from 20 to 7000 or more carbon atoms, chloro-substituted paraffin wax sulfonic acids, nitro-paraffin wax sulfonic acids, etc.; cycloaliphatic sulfonic acids such as petroleum naphthene sulfonic acids, cetyl cyclopentyl sulfonic acids, lauryl cyclohexyl sulfonicacids, bis-(di-isobutyl) cyclohexyl sulfonic acids, mono-or poly-wax substituted cyclohexyl sulfonic acids, etc.

With re~;pect ~to the sulfonic acids or salts thereof described herein and in the appended claims, it is intended herein to employ t:he term "petroleu.m sulfonic acids" or "petroleum sulfonat:es" to cover all sulfonic acids or the salts thereof' derived from petroleum products. A parti-cularly valuable group of petroleum sulfonic acids are the mahogany sulfonic acids (so called because of their reddish-brown color) obtained as a by-product from the manufacture of petroleum white oils by a sulfuric acid process.
Generally Group IA, IIA and IIB neutral and basic salts of the above-described synthetic and petroleum sulfonic acids are useful in the practice of this invention.
The carboxylic: acids from which suitable neutral and basic salts for use: in this :invention can be made include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic mono- and polybasic carboxylic acids such as the naphthenic acids, alkyl- or alkenyl-substituted cyclopentanoic acids, alkyl- or alkenyl substituted c:yclohexanoic acids, alkyl- or alkenyl-sub-stituted aromatic carboxylic acids. The aliphatic acids generally contain at least eight carbon atoms and preferably at least twelve carbon atoms. Usually they have no more than about 400 carbon atoms. Generally, if the aliphatic carbon chain is branched, the acids are more oil-soluble for any given carbon atom content. The cycloaliphatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids can be saturated or unsaturated. Specific examples include 2-ethylhexanoic acid,, a-linolenic acid, propylene-tetramer-substituted malefic acid, behenic acid, isostearic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, ricinlic acid, undecylic acid, dioctyl.cyclopentane carboxylic acid, myristic acid, dilauryldecahydronaphthalene carboxylic acid, stearyl-octahydroindene carboxylic acid, palmitic acid, 2~.000~0 _ 1g _ commercially available mixtures of two or more carboxylic acids such asp tall oil acids, rosein acids, and the like.
A preferred group of oil-soluble carboxylic acids useful in preparing~the salts used in the present invention are the oil-soluble aromatic carboxylic acids. These acids are represented by the general formula:
X
(R~~)e (Ar*) - (C-XH) m Formula VIII
where R~~ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon-based group of at least four ~~arbon atoms, and no more than about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms, a is an integer of from one to four, Ar* is a polyvalent aromatic hydrocarbon nucleus of up to about 14 carbon atoms each, X is independently a sulfur or oxygen atom, and m is an integer of from one to four with the proviso that R" and a are such that there is an average of at least 8 aliphatic carbon atoms provided by the R" groups. for each acid molecule represented by Formula VIII. Examples of aromatic nuclei represented by the variable Ar* are t:he polyvalent aromatic radicals derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, indene, fluorene, lbiphenyl, and the like. Generally, the radical represented by Ar* will be a polyvalent nucleus derived from benzene or naphthalene such as phenylenes and naphthylene, e.g., methylphenylenes, ethoxyphenylenes, nitrophenylenes, isopropylphenylenes, hydroxyphenylenes, mercaptophenylenes, N,N-diethylaminophenylenes, chlorophenylenes~, dipropoxynaphthylenes, tri-ethylnaphthy7.enes, and similar tri-, tetra-, pentavalent nuclei thereof, etc.
The Re groups are usually purely hydrocarbyl groups, preferably groups such as alkyl or alkenyl radicals.
However, the R* groups can contain small number 2~000~0 substituents such as phenyl, cycloalkyl (e. g., cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, ~etc. ) .and nonhydrocarbon groups such as nitro, amino, halo (e. g., chloro, bromo, etc.), lower alkoxy, lower alkyl mercapto, oxo substituents (i.e.,=O), thio groups (i.e., =S), interrupting groups such as -NH-, -O-, -S-, and the like provided the essentially hydrocarbon character of the R" group is retained. The hydrocarbon character is retained for purposes of this invention so long as any non-carbon atoms present in the R~~ groups do not account for more than about 10% of the total weight of the R" groux>s. lExamples of R" groups include butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, docosyl, tetracontyl, 5-chlorohexyl, ~-ethoxypentyl, 4-hexenyl, 3-cyclohexyloctyl, 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-octyl, 2,3,5-trimethylheptyl, 4~-ethyl-5-methyloctyl, and substituents derived from ;polymerized olefins such as polychloroprenes, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyisobutylenes, ethylene-propylene copolymers, chlorinated olefin polymers, oxidized ethylene-propylene copolymers, and the like. Likewise, the group Ar* ma;y contain non-hydrocarbon substituents, for example, such divez-se substit~uents as lower alkoxy, lower alkyl mercapt:o, nitro, halo, alkyl or alkenyl groups of less than four carbon atoms,, hydroxy, mercapto, and the like.
A group of particularly useful carboxylic acids are those of the formula:
X
3 0 C-XH ~ m R~~e A:r* Formula IX
;XH)P
where R" , X, AR* , m and a are as def fined in Formula VI II
and p is an integer of 1 to 4, usually 1 or 2. Within this ~1000~0 group, an especially preferred class of oil-soluble car-boxylic acids are those of the formula:
(R~2) a Formula X
c where R'2 in Formu7.a X is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at: leash 4 to about 400 carbon atoms, a is an integer of from 1 to 3, b is :1 or 2, c is zero, 1, or 2 and preferably 1 with t:he provisa that R'2 and a are such that the acid molecules contain at least an average of about twelve aliphatic carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon substituents per acid molecule. And within this latter group of oil-soluble carboxylic acids, the aliphatic-hydro-carbon substituted salicylic acids wherein each aliphatic hydrocarbon :aubstituent contains an average of at least about sixteen carbon atoms per substituent and one to three substituents per molecule are particularly useful. Salts prepared from such salicylic. acids wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon substituents are derived from polymerized olefins, particularly polymerized lower 1-mono-olefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polisobutylene, ethylene/propylene copolymers and the like and having average carbon contents of about 30 to about 400 carbon atoms.
The carboxylic: acids corresponding to Formulae VIII-IX
above are well known or can be prepared according to proce-dures known in the art. Carboxylic acids of the type illustrated by the above formulae and processes for pre-paring their neutral and basic metal salts are well known and disclosed, fo:r example, in such U.S. Patents as 2,197,832: 2,197,F335; 2,252,662; 2,252,664; 2,714,092, 3,410,798 and 3,59..°i,791.

Another type of neutral and basic carboxylate salt used in this invention are those derived from alkenyl succinates of the general formula R" - CHCOOH Formula XI

wherein R" is as defined above in Formula VIII. Such salts and means for making them are set forth in U.S. Patents 3,271,130, 3,567,637 and 3,632,510.
Other patents specifically describing techniques for making basic salts of the hereinabove-described sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, and mixtures of any two or more of these include U.S. Patent Nos. 2,501,731; 2,616,904;
2,616,905; 2,616,906; 2,616,911; 2,616,924; 2,616,925; 2,617,049;
2,777,874; 3,027,325; 3,256,186; 3,282,835; 3,384,585; 3,373,108;
3,365,396; 3,342,733; 3,320,162; 3,312,618; 3,318,809; 3,471,403;
3,488,284; 3,595,790; and 3,629,109.
Neutral and basic salts of phenols (generally known as phenates) are also useful in the compositions of this invention and well known to those skilled in the art. The phenols from which these phenates are formed are of the general formula (R")" (Ar*) - (XH)m Formula XII
wherein R", n, Ar*, X and m have the same meaning and preferences as described hereinabove with reference to Formula VIII. The same examples described with respect to Formula VIII also apply.
A commonly available class of phenates are those made from phenols of the general formula (R'3) a ~ (OH) b Formula XIII
(R~a) wherein a is an integer of 1-3, b is of 1 or 2, z is 0 or 1, R'3 in Formula XIII is a substantially saturated hydrocarbon based substituent having an average of from 30 to about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms and R" is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, and halo groups.
One particular class of phenates for use in this invention are the basic (i.e., overbased, etc.) Group IIA metal sulfurized phenates made by sulfurizing a phenol as described hereinabove with a sulfurizing agent such as sulfur, a sulfur halide, or sulfide or hydrosulfide salt. Techniques for making these sulfurized phenates are described in U.S. Patents 2,680,096;
3,036,971 and 3,775,321.
Other phenates that are useful are those that are made from phenols that have been linked through alkylene (e.g., methylene) bridges. These are made by reacting single or multi-ring phenols with aldehydes or ketones, typically, in the presence of an acid or basic catalyst. Such linked phenates as well as sulfurized phenates are described in detail in U.S. Patent 3,350,038; particularly columns 6-8 thereof.
Naturally, mixtures of two or more neutral and basic salts of the hereinabove described organic sulfur acid, carboxylic acids and phenols can be used in the compositions of this invention. Usually the neutral and basic salts will be sodium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, or barium salts including mixtures of two or more of any of these.

(B) (III) The H,rdrocarbyl-Substituted Amine The hydrocarbyl-substituted amines used in making the compositions of this invention are well known to those of skill in the art and they are described in a number of patents. Among these are U.S. Patents 3,275,554;
3,438,757; 3,454,555; 3,565,804; 3,755,433; and 3,822,209.
The hydrocarbyl amines useful in this invention include monoamines of the general formula AXNR' . Formula XIV
Illustrative of such monoamines are the following:
poly(propylene)amine N,N-dimethyl-N-poly(ethylene/propylene)amine (50:50 mole ratio of monomers) poly(isobutene)amine N, N-di(hydroxyethyl)-N-poly(isobutene)amine poly(isobutene/1-butene/2-butene)amine (50:25:25 mole ratio of monomer) N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N-poly(isobutene)amine N-poly(1-butane)-aniline N-poly(isobutene)-morpholine The hydrocarbyl substituted amines useful in forming the compositions in this invention include certain N-amino-hydrocarbyl morpholines which ace not embraced in the 2laoo~o general Formula XIV above. 'these hydrocarbyl-substituted aminohydrocarbyl mo~rpholines have the general formula:
R~ NU-N O
~ ~ Formula XV
A
wherein R~ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of from about 30 to about 400 carbons, A is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or hydroxy hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and U is an alkylene group of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms. These hydrocarbyl-substituted aminohydrocarbyl morpholines as well as the polyamines described by Formula XV are among the typical hydrocarbyl-substituted amines used in preparing compositions of this invention.
(B)(IV) The Nitrogen-Containincr Condensates of Phenols, Aldehydes. and Amino Compounds The phenol/aldehyde/amino compound condensates useful in making the compositions of this invention include those generically referred to as Mannich condensates. Generally they are made by reacting simultaneously or sequentially at least one active hydrogen compound such as a hydrocarbon -substituted plhenol (e.g. , an alkyl phenol wherein the alkyl group has at least about 30 up to about 400 carbon atoms), having at le<ist one hydrogen atom bonded to an aromatic carbon, with at least one aldehyde or aldehyde-producing material (typ:ically formaldehyde or formaldehyde precursor) and at least one amino or polyamino compound having at least one NH group. The amino compounds include primary or secondary mono-amines having hydrocarbon substituents of 1 to 30 carbon atoms or hydroxyl-substituted hydrocarbon substituents of 1 t:o about 30 carbon atoms. Another type of typical amino compound are the polyamines described during the discussion of the acylated nitrogen-containing compounds.
Exemplary mono-amines include methyl ethyl amine, methyl octadecyl amine, aniline, diethyl amine, diethanol amine, dipropyl amine and so forth.
The following U.S. Patents contain extensive descriptions of Mannich condensates which can be used in making the compositions of this invention:
U.S. PATENTS
2,459,112 3,413,347 3,558,743 2,962,442 3,442,808 3,586,629 2,984,550 3,448,047 3,591,598 3,036,003 3,454,497 3,600,372 3,166,516 3,459,661 3,634,515 3, 236, 770 3, 461,172 3, 649, 229 3,355,270 3,493,520 3,697,574 3, 368, 972 3, 539, 633 Condensates made from sulfur-containing reactants can also be used in the compositions of the present invention. Such sulfur-containing condensates are described in U.S. Patent 3,368,972; 3,649,229; 3,600,372;
3,649,659; and 3,741,896. Generally the condensates used in making the compositions of this invention are made from a phenol bearing an alkyl substituent of about 6 to about 400 carbon atoms, more typically, 30 to about 250 carbon atoms. These typical condensates are made from formaldehyde or C2_7 aliphatic aldehyde and an amino compound such as those used in making the acylated nitrogen-containing compounds described under (B) (I).

These preferred condensates are prepared by reacting about one molar portion of phenolic compound with about 1 to about 2 molar portions of aldehyde and about 1 to about 5 equivalent portions of amino compound (an equivalent of amino compound is its molecular weight divided by the number of =NH groups present). The conditions under which such condensation reactions are carried out are well known to those skilled in the art as evidenced by the above-noted patents.
A particularly preferred class of condensation products for use in the present invention are those made by a "2-step process". Briefly, these nitrogen containing condensates are made by (1) reacting at least one hydroxy aromatic compound containing an aliphatic-based or cycloaliphatic-based substituent which has at feast about 30 carbon atoms and up to about 400 carbon atoms with a lower aliphatic C,., aldehyde or reversible polymer thereof in the presence of an alkaline reagent, such as an alkali metal hydroxide, at a temperature up to about 150GC.; (2) substantially neutralizing the intermediate reaction mixture thus formed; and (3) reacting the neutralized intermediate with at least one compound which contains an amino group having at least one -NH group.
More preferably, these 2-step condensates are made from (a) phenols bearing a hydrocarbon-based substituent having about 30 to about 250 carbon atoms, said substituent being derived from a polymer of propylene, I
butene, 2-butane, or isobutene and (b) formaldehyde, or reversible polymer thereof, (e.g., trioxane, paraformaldehyde) or functional equivalent thereof, (e.g., methylal) and (c) an alkylene poiyamine such as ethylene polyamines having between 2 and 10 nitrogen atoms.

(C) The Amino Phenols The aromatic moiety, Ar, of Formula I can be a single aromatic nucleus such as a benzene nucleus, a pyridine nucleus, a thiophene nucleus, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene nucleus, etc., or a polynuclear aromatic moiety. Such polynuclear moieties can be of the fused type; that is, wherein at least one aromatic nucleus is fused at twa points to another nucleus such as found in naphthalene, anthracene, the azanaphthalenes, etc. Alternatively, such polynuclear aromatic moieties can be of the linked type wherein at least two nuclei (either mono- or polynuclear) are linked through bridging linkages to each other.Such bridging linkages can be chosen from the group consisting of carbon-to-carbon single bonds, ether linkages, keto linkages, sulfide linkages, polysulfide linkages of 2 to fi sulfur atoms, sulfonyl linkages, sulfonyl linkages, methylene linkages, alkylene linkages, di-(lower alkyl)methylene linkages, lower alkylene ether linkages, alkylene keto linkages, lower alkylene sulfur linkages, lower alkylene polysulfide linkages of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, amino linkages, polyamino linkages and mixtures of such divalent bridging linkages. In certain instances, more than one bridging linkage can be present in Ar between aromatic nuclei. For example, a fluorene nucleus has two benzene nuclei linked by both a methylene linkage and a covalent bond. Such a nucleus may be considered to have 3 nuclei but only two of them are aromatic.
Normally, however, Ar will contain only carbon atoms in the aromatic nuclei per se: (plus any lower alkyl or alkoxy substituent present).
The number of aromatic nuclei, fused, linked or both, in Ar can play a role in determining the integer values of a, b and c in Formula II. For example, when Ar contains a single aromatic nucleus, a, b and c are each independently 1 to 4. When Ar contains two aromatic nuclei, a, b and c can each be an integer of 1 to 8, that is, up to three times the number of aramatic nuclei present (in naphthalene, 2). hiith a tri-nuclear Ar moiety, a, b and c can each be an integer of 1 to 12. For example, when Ar is a biphenyl or a naphthyl moiety, a, b and c can each independently be an integer of 1 to 8. The values of a, b and c are obvious7.y limited by the fact that their sum cannot exceed the total unsatisfied valences of Ar.
The single ring aromatic nucleus which can be the Ar moiety can be represented by the general formula ar (Q) wherein ar represents a single ring aromatic nucleus (e. g., benzene) of 4 to 10 carbons, each Q independently represents a lower alkyl group, lower alkoxy group, nitro group, or halogen atom, and m is 0 to 3. As used in this specification and appended claims, "lower" refers to groups having 7 or lass carbon atoms such as lower alkyl and lower alkoxyl groups. Halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and :iodine atoms; usually, the halogen atoms are fluorine and chlorine atoms.

Specific examples of single ring Ar moieties are the following:
H O O Me H H H H H H
H
O Et O.C
Me H H O
Pr H H
N
H O ~ O Nit H Me H C1 H H
N

H2 O N ~

etc.
wherein Me is methyl, Et is ethyl, Pr is n-propyl, and Nit is nitro.
When Ar is a polynuclear fused-ring aromatic moiety, it can be represented by the general formula ate, ( Q ) ""' wherein ar, Q and m are as defined hereinabove, m' is 1 to 4 and represent a pair of fusing bonds fusing two rings so as to make two carbon atoms part of the rings of each of two adjacent rings. Specific examples of fused ring aromatic moieties Ar are:
H
H -H H
O O~ 0 0 H -H H H
H
Me0 Me ~ ~~ : Me Me - Nit H H H O O O H
N
H H
H
2 5 H, / \ ., H
H
I O L~ ~ ~~%J~U~~
H ~ Me0 H
H H H
etc.
When the aromatic moiety Ar is a linked polynuclear aromatic moray iii can be represented by the general formula ar(Lng-ar)w(Q)~
wherein w is an :integer of 1 to about 20, ar is as described above with the proviso that there are at least 3 unsatisfied (i.e., free) valences in the total of ar groups, Q and m are' as defined hereinbefore, and each Lng is a bridging linkage individually chosen from the group consisting of carbon-to-carbon single bonds, ether linkages (e~g~ -0-).
O
I) keto linkages, (e.g., -C-), sulfide linkages (e.g., -S-), polysulfide linkages of 2 to 6 sulfur atoms (e.g., -S2-6-), sulfonyl linkages (e. g., -S(0)-), sulfonyl linkages (e. g., -S (0) Z-) , lowE:r alk;ylene linkages (e. g. , -CH2-, -CHz-CHZ-, -CH-CH-, etc.), di(lower alkyl)-methylene linkages (e. g., R°
CR°Z-), lower alkylene ether linkages (e.g., -CHZO-, -CH20-CHZ-, -C'.H2-CH21)-, -CHZCHZOCH2CH2-, -CH2CHOCH2CH-, 2 0 -CH2CHOCHCH2- , R ° R °
R° R°
etc.), lower alkylsane sulfide linkages (e.g., wherein one or more -O-'s in the lower alkylene ether linkages is replaced with an -S- atom), lower alkylene polysulfide linkages (e. g., wherein one or more -0-'s is replaced with a -SZ_6 group ) , amino 1 inkages ( a . g . , - i -, - i -, -CH2N-, H R°
-CHZNCH2-, -al.k-N- where alk is lower alkylene, etc.), I
polyamino linkages (e.g., -N(alkN)~_~o, where the unsatisfied free N valences are taken up with H atoms or R° groups) , and mixtures of such bridging linkages (each R° being a lower alkyl group)" It is also possible that one or more of the ar groups in the above-linked aromatic moiety can be replaced by fused nuclei such as ar ~ar~ m, .

Specific. examples of linked moieties are:
H H H H
~ ~ ~ O
H H H H
H H H H
H H
CH2 ~~
H Y Y H
H

I
C
H
H H

S
H H
rZe C:
rse H H
H H
2 0 ~ T1 Fi H HI
etc.
Usually a.11 theae Ar moieties are unsubstituted except for the R, -01~i and -NH2 groups (and any bridging groups).
For such reasons as cost, availability, performance, etc., the Ar moiety is normally a benzene nucleus, lower alkylene bridged benzene nucleus, or a naphthalene nucleus. Thus, a typical Ar moiet5r is a benzene or naphthalene nucleus having 3 to 5 unsatisfied valences, so that one or two of said valences may be: satisfied by a hydroxyl group with the remaining unsatisfied valences being, insofar as possible, either ortho or para to a hydroxyl group. Preferably, Ar is a benzene nucleus having at least 3 unsatisfied valences so that one can be satisfied by a hydroxyl group with the remaining 2 or 3 being either ortho or para to the hydroxyl group.
The Substantially Saturated Hydrocarbon-based Group R9 The amino phenols of the present invention contain, directly bonded to t:he aromatic moiety Ar, a substantially 21000~U

saturated monovalent hydrocarbon-based group R9 of at least about 10 aliphatic carbon atoms. This R9 group can have up to about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms. More than one such group can be present, but usually, no more than 2 or 3 such groups are present for each aromatic nucleus in the aromatic moiety Ar. The total number of R9 groups present is indicated by the: value for "a" in Formula II. Usually, the hydrocarbon-bared group has at least about 30, more typically, at least. about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms and up to about 750, more: typically, up to about 300 aliphatic carbon atoms.
Generally, the hydrocarbon-based groups R9 are made from homo- or interpolymers (e. g., copolymers, terpolymers) of mono- and di-ole:fins having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, butene-1, isobutene, butadiene, isoprene, 1-hexene:, 1-octene, etc. Typically, these olefins are 1~-monoolefins such as homopolymers of ethylene.
The R groups can also be derived from the halogenated (e.g., chlorinated or brominated) analogs of such homo- or interpolymers. The R9 groups can, however, be made from other source:, such as monomeric high molecular weight alkenes (e.g., 1-tearacontene) and chlorinated analogs and hydrochlorinated analogs thereof, aliphatic petroleum fractions, particularly paraffin waxes and cracked and chlorinated analogs and hydrochlorinated analogs thereof, white oils, synthetic alkenes such as those produced by the Ziegler-Natta process (e.g., poly(ethylene) greases) and other sources. known to those skilled in the art. Any un-saturation in the R9 groups may be reduced or eliminated by hydrogenation. according to procedures known in the art before the nitration step described hereafter.
As used herein, the term "hydrocarbon-based" denotes a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the re-mainder of the molecule and having a predominantly hydro-carbon character within the context of this invention.

Therefore, hydrocarbon-based groups can contain up to one non-hydrocarbon radical for every ten carbon atoms provided this non-hydrocarbon radical does not significantly alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group.
Those skilled. in the art will be aware of such radicals, which include, for. example, hydroxyl, halo (especially chloro and fluoro) , alkoxyl, alkyl mercapto, alkyl sulfoxy, etc. Usually, however, the hydrocarbon-based groups R are purely hydrocarbyl and contain no such non-hydrocarbyl radicals. The hydrocarbon-based groups R9 are substantially saturated. B~~ substantially saturated it is meant that the group contains no more than one carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond l:or every ten carbon-to-carbon single bonds present:. Usually, they contain no more than one carbon-to-carbon non-aromatic unsaturated bond for every 50 carbon-to-carbon bonds present.
The hydrocarbon-based groups of the amino phenols of this invention are also substantially aliphatic in nature, that is, they contain no more than one non-aliphatic moiety (cycloalkyl, ~cycloalkenyl or aromatic) group of six or less carbon atoms for every ten carbon atoms in the R group.
Usually, however, ithe R9 groups contain no more than one such non-aliphatic group for every fifty carbon atoms, and in many cases, they contain no such non-aliphatic groups at all: that is, the typical R groups are purely aliphatic.
Typically, these purely aliphatic R9 groups are alkyl or alkenyl groups. f~pecific examples of the substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based R9 groups are the following:
a tetra(propyl.ene) group a tri(isobutene) group a tetracontanyl group a henpentacont:anyl group a mixture of poly(ethylene/propylene) groups of about to about 70 carbon atoms 35 a mixture of the oxidatively or mechanically degraded ~iooo~o poly (eth.ylene~'propylene) groups of about 35 to about 70 carbon atoms a mixture of poly(propylene/1-hexene) groups of about 80 to about 1°_i0 carbon atoms a mixture of poly(isobutene) groups having between 20 and 32 carbon atoms a mixture of poly(isobutene) groups having an average of 50 to 75 carbon atoms A preferred source of the group R9 are poly(isobutene)s obtained by polymerization of a C4 refinery stream having a butene content of 35 to 75 weight percent and isobutene content of 1!5 to E.0 weight percent in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum trichloride or boron trifluoride. Theae polybutenes contain predominantly (greater than 80% of total repeating units) isobutene repeating units of the configuration The attachment of the hydrocarbon-based group R9 to the aromatic moiety Ar of the amino phenols of this invention can be accomplished by a number of techniques well known to those skilled in the art. One particularly suitable technique is ithe Fr:iedel-Crafts reaction, wherein an olefin (e.g., a polymer containing an olefinic bond), or halogenated or hydrohalogenated analog thereof, is reacted with a phenol.. The reaction occurs in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst (e.g., boron trifluoride and its complexes with ethers, phenols, hydrogen fluoride, etc., aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, zinc dichloride, etc.). Methods and conditions for carrying out such reactions are well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, the discussion in the article entitled, "Alkylation of Phenols" in "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", Second Edition, Vol. 1, pages 894-895, Interscience F~ublishers, a division of John Wiley and Company, N.Y., 1963. Other equally appropriate. and convenient techniques for attaching the hydrocarbon-based group R9 to t:he aromatic moiety Ar will occur readily to those skilled in the art.
As will be appreciated from inspection of Formula II
the amino phenols of this invention contain at least one of each of the following substituents: a hydroxyl group, a R9 group as defined a',bove, and a primary amine group, -NH2.
Each of the foregoing groups must be attached to a carbon atom which is a part of an aromatic nucleus in the Ar moiety. They need not, however, each be attached to the same aromatic: ring if more than one aromatic nucleus is present in the Ar moiety.
In a pre.ferreci embodiment, the amino phenols of this invention contain one each of the foregoing substituents (i.e., a, b and c are each 1) and but a single aromatic ring, most preferably benzene. This preferred class of amino phenols can be represented by the formula OH
(NH2) ~_2 R9~O (R6) Z Formula XVI
wherein the R9 group is a substantially saturated hydro-carbon-based group of about 30 to about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms located ortho or para to the hydroxyl group, R6 is a lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro group or halogen atom and z is O or 1. Usually z is 0 and R9 is a substantially saturated, purely hydrocarbyl aliphatic group. Often it is an alkyl or alkenyl group para to the -OH substituent. Often there is but one amino group, -NHZ
in these preferred amino phenols but there can be two.

_ 3g _ In a still more preferred embodiment of this invention, the amino phenol is of the formula OH
_ NHZ
(R6) z O Formula XVII

wherein R9 i:: derived from homopolymerized or interpoly-merized C2_~o :L-olefins and has an average of from about 30 to about 400 aliphatic carbon atoms and R6 and z are as defined above:. Usually R9 is derived from ethylene, pro pylene, butyl.ene a:nd mixtures thereof . Typically, it is derived from polymerized isobutene. Often R9 has at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms and z is zero.
The amino phenols of the present invention can be prepared by a number of synthetic routes. These routes can vary in the type reactions used and the sequence in which they are employed. For example, an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as benzene, c:an be alkylated with alkylating agent such as a po:Lymeric olefin t:o form an alkylated aromatic intermediate. This. intermediate can then be nitrated, for example, to form polynitro intermediate. The polynitro intermediate can in turn be reduced to a diamine, which can then be diazotized and reacted with water to convert one of the amino groups into a hydroxyl group and provide the desired amino phenol. Alternatively, one of the nitro groups in the polynitro intermediate can be converted to a hydroxyl group through fusion with caustic to provide a hydroxy-nitro alkyl.ated aromatic which can then be reduced to provide the desired amino phenol.
Another useful route to the amino phenols of this invention involves the alkylation of a phenol with an ole-finic alkylating agent to form an alkylated phenol. This alkylated phenol can then be nitrated to form an ~21UUO~U

intermediate vitro phenol which can be converted to the desired amino phenols by reducing at least some of the vitro groups to amino groups.
Techniques for alkylating phenols are well known to those skilled in the art as the above-noted article in Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology"
demonstrates. Techniques for nitrating phenols are also known. See, for example , in Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", Second Edition, Vol. 13, the article entitled "Nit.rophenols", page 888 et seq., as well as the treatises "Aromatic Substitution; Nitration and Halogenation" by P.. B. D. De La Mare and J. H. Ridd, N. Y., Academic Press, 1959; "Nitration and Aromatic Reactivity" by J. G. Hogget, London, Cambridge University Press, 1961; and "The Chemistry of the Nitro and Nitroso Groups", Henry Feuer, Editor, Interscience Publishers, N.Y., 1969.
Aromatic hydro~xy compounds can be nitrated with nitric acid, mixturea of nitric acid with acids such as sulfuric acid or boron trif:luoride, nitrogen tetraoxide, nitronium tetrafluoroborates and acyl nitrates. Generally, nitric acid of a concentration of, for example, about 30-90% is a convenient nitrating reagent. Substantially inert liquid diluents and solvents such as acetic or butyric acid can aid in carrying out the reaction by improving reagent contact. Conditions and concentrations for nitrating hydroxy aromatic compounds are also well known in the art.
For example,. the reaction can be carried out at temperatures of about -15°C.. to about 150°C. Usually nitration is conveniently carried out between about 25-75°C.
Generally, depending on the particular nitrating agent about 0.5-4 moles of nitrating agent is used for every mole of aromatic nucleu:c present in the hydroxy aromatic inter-mediate to be nitrated. If more than one aromatic nucleus ~1~~0~0 is present in the ~,r moiety, the amount of nitrating agent can be increased proportionately according to the number of such nuclei present:. For example, a mole of naphthalene-based aromatic intermediate has, for purposes of this invention, the equivalent of two "single ring" aromatic nuclei so that about 1-4 moles of nitrating agent would generally be 'used. When nitric acid is used as a nitrating agent usually about 1.0 to about 3.0 moles per mole of aromatic nucleus is. used. Up to about a 5-molar excess of nitrating agent (per "single ring" aromatic nucleus) may be used when it is desired to drive the reaction forward or carry it out rapidly.
Nitration of a hydroxy aromatic intermediate generally takes 0.25 to 24 hours, though it may be convenient to react the nitration. mixture for longer periods, such as 96 hours.
Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corres-ponding amines is also well known. See, for example, the article entitled ";Amination by Reduction" in Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Cha_mical Technology", Second Edition, Vol.
2, pages 76-99. Generally, such reductions can be carried out with, for example, hydrogen, carbon monoxide or hydra-zine, (or mixtures of same) in the presence of metallic catalysts such as palladium, platinum and its oxides, nickel, copper chromite, etc. Co-catalysts such as alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides or amines (including amino phenols) can be used in these catalyzed reductions.
Reduction can also be accomplished through the use of reducing metals in the presence of acids, such as hydro chloric acid. Typical reducing metals are zinc, iron and tin; salts of these metals can also be used.
Nitro groups can also be reduced in the Zinin reaction, which is discussed in "Organic Reactions", Vol.
20, John Wi7.ey & Sons N.Y., 1973, page 455 et seq.
Generally, the Zinin reaction involves reduction of a nitro ~. zlooo~o group with divalent negative sulfur compounds, such as alkali metal sulfides, polysulfides and hydrosulfides.
The nitro groups can be reduced by electrolytic action: see, for example, the "Amination by Reduction"
article, referred t:o above.
Typically the amino phenols of this invention are obtained by r~aduction of nitro phenols with hydrogen in the presence of a metallic catalyst such as discussed above.
This reduction is generally carried out at temperatures of about 15 ° -250 ° C . , typically, about 50 ° -150 ° C. , and hydrogen pressures of about 0--2000 psig, typically, about 50-250 psig. The :reaction time for reduction usually varies between about: 0.5-50 hours. Substantially inert liquid diluents and solvents, such as ethanol, cyclohexane, etc., can be used t,o facilitate the reaction. The amino phenol product is obtained by well-known techniques such as dis-tillation, filtration, extraction, and so forth.
The reduction is carried out until at least about 50%, usually about 80%, of the nitro groups present in the nitro intermediate mixture are converted to amino groups. The typical route to the amino phenols of this invention just described can be summarized as (I) nitrating with at least one nitrating agent at least one compound of the formula (~H)c (R4)8 Ar' Formula XVIII
wherein R4 is a substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based group of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms: a and a are each independently an integer of 1 up to three times the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar' with the proviso that the sum of a, b and c does not exceed the unsatisfied valences of Ar': anal Ar' is an aromatic moiety having 0 to ~~ooo~o 3 optional su:bstitu.ents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, vitro, and halo, or combinations ~~f two or more optional substituents, with the provisos than (a) Ar' has at least one hydrogen atom directly bonded to a carbon atom which is part of an aromatic nucleus, and (b) when Ar' is a benzene having only one hydroxyl and one R substituent, the R substituent is ortho or para to said hydroxyl substituent, to form a first reaction mixture containing a vitro intermediate, and (II) reducing at least about 50% of the vitro groups in said first reaction mixture to amino groups.
Usually this means reducing at least about 50% of the vitro groups to amino groups in a compound or mixture of compounds of the formula (OH) c Formula XIX
(R:4) a Ar (NOZ) b wherein R4 is a substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms; a, b and a are each independently an integer of 1 up to three times the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar with the pro-viso that the sum of a, b and a does not exceed the unsatisfied valencea of Ar; and Ar is an aromatic moiety having 0 to 3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, halo, or combinations of two or more of said optional substituents:
with the proviso that when Ar is a benzene nucleus having only one hydroxyl and one R substituent, the R4 substituent is ortho or para to said hydroxyl substituent.
The composition of the present invention comprising components (A) and (B)(I) or (A), (B) and (C) are useful in two-stroke cycle engines. When the composition comprises (A) and (B)(I), the.se components are present in the weight range of about: 97:3 to about 80:20; preferably 95:5 to about 85:15 and most preferably from about 93:7 to about 88:12.
When the composition comprises (A), (B) and (C), these components are present in the following parts by weight:
Component Generally Preferred Most Preferred (A) 70-94 76-94 80-90 ( B) 5.-18 3-12 5-10 (C) 1.-12 1-7.5 3-6 The components of this invention are blended together according to the above ranges to effect solution. It is understood that other components beside the above-named components may be present with this two-stroke cycle formulation.
The following specific illustrative examples describe how to make the deteargent/dispersants and the amino phenols which comprise components (B) and (C) of this invention.
In these examples, .as well as in this specification and the appended claims, a7.1 percentages, parts and ratios are by weight, unless otherwise expressly stated to the contrary.
Temperatures are in degrees centigrade (°C.) unless expressly stated to the contrary.

A mixture of 4!578 parts of a polyisobutene-substituted phenol prepared b~y boron trifluoride-phenol catalyzed alkylation of phenol with a polyisobutene having a number average molecvular weight of approximately 1000 (vapor phase osmometry), 3052 parts of diluent mineral oil and 725 parts of textile spirits is heated to 60° to achieve homogenity.
After cooling to 30°, 319.5 parts of 16 molar nitric acid in 600 parts of water is added to the mixture. Cooling is necessary to keep the mixture's temperature below 40°.
After the reaction ;mixture is stirred for an additional two hours, an ali~~uot of 3,710 parts is transferred to a second reaction vessel. 'This second portion is treated with an additional 12'7.8 parts of 16 molar nitric acid in 130 parts of water at ::5-30°. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1.5 hours anti then stripped to 220°/30 tor. Filtration provides an oil solution of the desired intermediate (IA).

A mixture of 810 parts of the oil solution of the (IA) intermediate described in Example 1A, 405 parts of isopropyl alcohol and 405 parts of toluene is charged to an appropriately sized autoclave. Platinum oxide catalyst (0.81 part) i:a added and the autoclave evacuated and purged with nitrogen four times to remove any residual air.
Hydrogen is i:ed to the autoclave at a pressure of 29-55 psig while the content is stirred and heated to 27-92° for a total of thirteen hours. Residual excess hydrogen is re-moved from the reacaion mixture by evacuation and purging with nitrogen four times. The reaction mixture is then filtered through diatomaceous earth and the filtrate strip-ped to providEa an o:il solution of the desired amino phenol.
This solution contains 0.578% nitrogen.

A mixture of 906 parts of an oil solution of an alkyl phenyl sulfon.ic acid (having an average molecular weight of 450, vapor phase osmometry), 564 parts mineral oil, 600 parts toluene:, 98.'7 parts magnesium oxide and 120 parts water is blown with carbon dioxide at a temperature of 78--85° for seven hours at a rate of about 3 cubic feet of carbon dioxide pe:r hour. The reaction mixture is constantly agitated throughout the carbonation. After carbonation, the reaction mixture is stripped to 165°/20 for and the residue filtered. The filtrate is an oil solution of the desired overbased magnesium sulfonate having a metal ratio of about 3.

A polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride is prepared by reacting a chlorinated poly(isobutene) (having an average chlorine content of 4.3% and an average of 82 carbon atoms) with malefic anhydride at about 200°. The resulting poly-isobutenyl su.ccinic; anhydride has a saponification number of 90. To a mixture of 1,246 parts of this succinic anhydride and 1000 parts of toluene there is added at 25°
76.6 parts of barium oxide. The mixture is heated to 115°C. and :L25 parts of water is added drop-wise over a period of one hour. The mixture is then allowed to reflux at 150°C. until all the barium oxide is reacted.
Stripping and filtration provides a filtrate having a barium content of 9.71%.

A mixture of 1500 parts of chlorinated poly(isobutene) (of molecular weight of about 950 and having a chlorine content of 5.~5%), 2B5 parts of an alkylene polyamine having an average composition corresponding stoichiometrically to tetraethylene pentamine and 1200 parts of benzene is heated to reflux. 'Che mixture's temperature is then slowly in-creased over a 4-:hour period to 170° while benzene is removed. The cooled mixture is diluted with an equal volume of mixed hexanes and absolute ethanol (1:1) . This mixture is heated to reflux and a 1/3 volume of 10% aqueous sodium carbonate i.s added to it. After stirring, the mixture is allowed to cool and the phases separated. The organic phase is washed with water and stripped to provide 2I00~30 the desired polyi:~obutenyl polyamine having a nitrogen content of 4.5%.

A mixture of 7.40 parts of toluene and 400 parts of a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (prepared from the poly-(isobutene) having a molecular weight of about 850, vapor phase osmometry) having a saponification number of 109 and 63.6 parts of an ethylene amine mixture having an average composition corresponding in stoichiometry to tetraethylene pentamine, is. heated to 150°C. while the water/toluene azeotrope is removed. The reaction mixture is then heated to 150°C under reduced pressure until toluene ceases to distill. The' residual acylated polyamine has a nitrogen content of 4.7%.

To 1,13:3 parts of commercial diethylene triamine heated at 110-150° :is slowly added 6820 parts of isostearic acid over a ~>eriod of two hours. The mixture is held at 150° for one hour and then heated to 180° over an additional hour. :finally, the mixture is heated to 205 °
over 0.5 hour; throughout this heating, the mixture is blown with nitrogen to remove volatiles. The mixture is held at 205-230° for a total of 11.5 hours and then stripped at x;30°/20 torr to provide the desired acylated polyamine as a residue containing 6.2% nitrogen.

To a mixture of 50 parts of a polypropyl-substituted phenol (havin~~ a molecular weight of about 900, vapor phase osmometry), 500 parts of mineral oil (a solvent refined paraffinic oil having a viscosity of 100 SUS at 100°F.) and 130 parts of 9.5% aqueous dimethylamine solution (equivalent to 12 parts amine) is added drop-wise, over an hour, 22 party of a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (corresponding to 8 parts aldehyde). During the addition, the reaction temperature is slowly increased to 100° and held at that point for three hours while the mixture is blown with n:itroge:n. To the cooled reaction mixture is added 100 parts toluene and 50 parts mixed butyl alcohols.
The organic phase is washed-three times with water until neutral to litmus paper and the organic phase filtered and stripped to 200°/5-10 tor. The residue is an oil solution of the final produca containing 0.45% nitrogen.

A mixture of 7.40 parts (by weight) of a mineral oil, 174 parts of a poly(isobutene) (molecular weight 1000)-sub-stituted succinic anhydride having a saponification number of 105 and 23 parts of isostearic acid is prepared at 90°C.
To this mixture there is added 17.6 parts of a mixture of polyalkylene amines. having an overall composition corres-ponding to that of tetraethylene pentamine at 80°-100°C.
throughout a period of 1.:3 hours. The reaction is exothermic. 'the mixture is blown at 225°C. with nitrogen at a rate of 5 pounds per hour for 3 hours whereupon 47 parts of an aqueous distillate is obtained. The mixture is dried at 225°C. fo:r 1 hour, cooled to 110°C. and filtered to provide the desired final product in oil solution.
This invention also contemplates the use of other additives in the lubricating oil compositions of this invention. These oi~her additives include such conventional additive types as anti-oxidants, extreme pressure agents, corrosion-inhibiting agents, pour point depressants, color stabilizing agents, anti-foam agents, and other such addi-tive materials known generally to those skilled in the art of formulating lubx-icating oil compositions.
Dye may be u:~ed for identification purposes and to indicate whether a two-stroke cycle fuel contains lubricant. Coupling agents such as organic surfactants are incorporated into some products to provide better component solubilities and improved fuel/lubricant mix water tolerance.
Anti-wear and lubricity improvers are used in special applications, such as racing and for very high fuel/lubricant ratios. Scavengers or combustion chamber deposit modi:Eiers are sometimes used to promote better spark plug life and to remove carbon deposits. Halogenated compounds and/or phosphorus- containing materials may be used for this. appl~~cation.
Rust and corrosion inhibitors of all types are and may be incorporai~ed into two-stroke cycle oil formulations.
Odorants or deodorants are sometimes used for aesthetic reasons.
Lubricit:y agents such as synthetic polymers (e. g., polyisobutene: having a number average molecular weight in the range of about: 500 to about 10,000), as measured by vapor phase osmomeary or gel permeation chromatography, polyol ether (e. g., poly(oxyethylene-oxypropylene)ethers) and ester oi7.s (e.g., the ester oils described above) can also be used in the oil compositions of this invention.
Natural oil fractions such as bright stocks (the relatively viscous products formed during conventional lubricating oil manufacture from petroleum) can also be used for this purpose. They are usually present in the two-stroke cycle oil in the amount of about 3 to about 20% of the total oil composition.
Diluents such as petroleum naphthas or low molecular weight ester: boiling at the range of about 38-90° (e. g., Stoddard solvent) can also be included in the oil compositions of this invention, typically in an amount of to 25~. When diluents are used it is as a direct replacement for (A), i.e., l0 parts of (A) are replaced 5 with 10 parts of a diluent.
Table II describes several illustrative biodegradable two-stroke cy~~le engine oil lubricant compositions of this invention.
TABLE II

NO

PHENOL

DETERGENT-DISPERSANT OF

EXAMPLE NAIfURAL OIL AMOUNT.obwEXAMPLEAMOUNT EXAMPLE

A SIINYL 80 85 6 7.5 7.5 B SlINYL 80 90 6 10.0 ---C SOYBEAN OIL 80 6 10.0 10.0 D HIIGH OLEIC 96 2 1.0 3.0 CORN OIL

E Vf:RNONIA OIL 89' 4 3.5 7.5 F CASTOR OI L 92 3 2.0 6.0 2 0 G SOYBEAN 01L 82 5 3.0 15.0 H HIIGH OLEIC OIL 96 5 1.0 3.0 RAPESEED

1 HIIGH OLEIC OIL 88 6 4.0 8.0 SAFFLONER

In some two-stroke cycle engines the lubricating oil can be direcaly injected into the intake manifold or crankcase along with the fuel or into the fuel just prior to the time t:he fuel enters the combustion chamber. The two-stroke cycle lubricants of this invention can be used in this type of engine.
As is ws:ll known to those skilled in the art, two-stroke cycle engine lubricating oils are often added directly to i:he fuel to form a mixture of oil and fuel which is then introduced into the engine cylinder. Such lubricant-fuel oil mixtures are within the scope of this invention. Such lubricant-fuel blends generally contain per 1 part o~ oil about 15-250 parts fuel, typically they contain 1 part oil to about 50-100 parts fuel.
The fuels use(i in two-stroke cycle engines are well known to tho:~e skilled in the art and usually contain a major portion of a normally liquid fuel such as hydrocarbonaceous petroleum distillate fuel (e. g., motor ~1~0~130 gasoline as defined by ASTM Specification D-439-73). Such fuels can also contain non-hydrocarbonaceous materials such as alcohols, ether:, organo-nitro compounds and the like (e. g., methanol, ~sthanol, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, nitromethanEa) are also within the scope of this invention as are liquid fuels derived from vegetable or mineral sources such as corn, alfalfa, shale and coal.
Examples of such fueal mixtures are combinations of gasoline and ethanol, diesel fuel and ether, gasoline and nitromethane, etc. Particularly preferred is gasoline, that is, a mixture of hydrocarbons having an ASTM boiling point of 60 ° c:. a1= the 10% distillation point to about 205°C. at the 90% distillation point.
Two-stroke cycle fuels also contain other additives which are well known to those of skill in the art. These can include anti-knock agents such as tetra-alkyl lead compounds, lead scavengers such as halo-alkanes (e. g., ethylene dichloride and ethylene dibromide), octane enhancers such as methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-t butyl ether (ETBE) and aromatics such as xylene and toluene, dyes, antioxidants such as 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl 4-methylphenol, rust inhibitors, such as alkylated succinic acids and anhydrides, bacteriostatic agents, gum inhibitors, metal deactivators, demulsifiers, upper cylinder lubricants., anti-icing agents and the like.
An example of a lubricant-fuel composition encompassed by this invention is a blend of motor gasoline and the lubricant blend de:~cribed above in Example C in ratio (by weight) of 25-200 parts gasoline to 1 part lubricant.
Concentrates containing the nitrogen-containing soluble compositions of this invention are also within the scope of this invention. These concentrates usually comprise about 20 to about 80% of one or more of the hereinabove dlescribed natural oils and about 20 to about 80% of one: or more nitrogen containing soluble 210Qi030 compositions. As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, such concentrates can also contain one or more of the: hereinabove described auxiliary additives of various types.
Most testing for two-stroke cycle applications is done in comparison to a. reference oil of acceptable quality.
Thus, for example, in the Yamaha CE50S lubricity test, the goal is to h<~ve a torque drop less than or equal to the reference (i:he lower the number, the better the lubrication).
Example Number J
A fuel:oil of 150:1 is prepared by adding 100 parts of the product of Example A (o.il) to 15,000 parts gasoline (fuel) . The torqua_ drop in the Yamaha CE50S is 4.75 and the torque drop of a reference two-stroke cycle formulation at the 150:1 fuel t:o oil ratio is 6.26.
While the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that various modifications thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification.
Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (15)

1. A nitrogen-containing soluble organic composition comprising a combination of:

A) at least one vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride of the formula wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from 8 to 24 carbon atoms wherein the vegetable oil comprises oleic sunflower oil, oleic safflower oil, oleic corn oil or oleic rapeseed oil, and contains at least 70% oleic content, and (B)(1) a detergent/dispersant comprising at least one acylated, nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms made by reacting a carboxylic acylating agent with at least one amino compound containing at least one -NH group, wherein the amino compound is an alkylene polyamine of the general formula wherein U is an alkylene group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms; R8 is a hydrogen atom and n is 1 to 10, said acylating agent being linked to said amino compound through an imido, amido, amidine, or acyloxy ammonium linkage.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the acylating agent is a mono- or polycarboxylic acid, or reactant equivalent thereof, containing an aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituent of at least 30 carbon atoms wherein the substituent is made from a homo- or interpolymer of a C2-10 1-monoolefin or mixtures thereof wherein the homo- or interpolymer is of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene or mixtures thereof.

3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the acylating agent is a mixture of fatty monocarboxylic acids, having straight and branched carbon chains.

4. The composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the amino compound is an ethylene, propylene or trimethylene polyamine of at least 2 to 8 amino groups or mixtures of such polyamines.

5. The composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the weight ratio of A:B(I) is in the range of 97:3 to 80:20.

6. A composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one detergent/dispersant selected from (B)(11) at least one neutral or basic metal salt of an organic sulfur acid, phenol or carboxylic acid;
(B)(111) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted amine wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is substantially aliphatic and contains at least 12 carbon atoms with the proviso that said amine is not the amino phenol (C);
and (B)(IV)at least one nitrogen-containing condensate of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound having at least one -NH group; and (C) at least one amino phenol of the general formula wherein R4 is a substantially saturated, hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms up to 750 aliphatic carbon atoms; a, b and c are each independently an integer of one up to three times the number of aromatic nuclei present in Ar with the proviso that the sum of a, b and c does not exceed the unsaturated valences of Ar; and Ar is an aromatic moiety having 0-3 optional substituents selected from lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, vitro, halo or combinations of two or more of said substituents.

7. The composition of claim 6 wherein R4 is an alkyl or alkenyl group wherein R4 contains 30 to 750 aliphatic carbon atoms and is made from a homo- or interpolymer of C2-C10 olefins, said olefins are selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene and mixtures thereof, a, b and c are each 1, there are zero optional substituents attached to Ar, and Ar is a benzene nucleus.

8. The composition of claim 6 wherein the amino phenol is of the formula wherein R5 is a substantially saturated hydrocarbon-based substituent having an average of from 30 to 400 aliphatic carbon atoms, R6 is a member selected from lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, vitro, and halo; and z is zero or one.

9. The composition of any one of claims 6 to 8 wherein the detergent/dispersant (B)(11) is at least one basic metal salt of an organic sulfonic acid or phenol wherein the metal is at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal.

10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the detergent/dispersant is at least one alkaline earth metal sulfonate wherein the sulfonate is an alkyl-substituted benzene sulfonate wherein the alkyl group has at least 8 carbon atoms.

11. The composition of any one of claims 6 to 10 wherein the detergent/dispersant is (8)(III) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted amine wherein the amine is a monoamine of the general formula AXNR7.

12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted amine is a hydrocarbyl-substituted aminohydrocarbyl morpholine of the general formula wherein R7 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of from 30 to 400 carbons, A is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or hydroxy hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and U is an alkylene group of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.

13. The composition as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 12 wherein the detergent/dispersant is a (B)(IV) nitrogen-containing condensate of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound having at least one -NH group wherein the phenol is an alkyl-substituted phenol, the alkyl group having at least 30 carbon atoms, the aldehyde is formaldehyde, or a reactant equivalent thereof and the amino compound is of the formula wherein U is an alkylene group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms; each R8 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower hydroxyl alkyl group, with the proviso that at least one R8 is a hydrogen atom, and n is 1 to 10.

14. The composition as claimed in claim 13 wherein the condensate is made by first reacting the phenol with the aldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst at a temperature of up to 150°C, then neutralizing the intermediate reaction mixture thus formed and finally reacting the neutralized intermediate reaction mixture with at least one amino compound having at least one -NH group.

15. The composition of any one of claims 6 to 14 comprising from 70 to 94 parts by weight of (A), from 5 to 18 parts by weight of (B) and from 1 to 12 parts by weight of (C).