DE434212T1 - Thermoplastisch klebende Befestigung für einen optischen Faserverbinder. - Google Patents
Thermoplastisch klebende Befestigung für einen optischen Faserverbinder.Info
- Publication number
- DE434212T1 DE434212T1 DE0434212T DE90312528T DE434212T1 DE 434212 T1 DE434212 T1 DE 434212T1 DE 0434212 T DE0434212 T DE 0434212T DE 90312528 T DE90312528 T DE 90312528T DE 434212 T1 DE434212 T1 DE 434212T1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- fiber connector
- connector according
- thermoplastic adhesive
- adhesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims 14
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 title claims 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 title claims 10
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims 8
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims 8
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 claims 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3855—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture characterised by the method of anchoring or fixing the fibre within the ferrule
- G02B6/3861—Adhesive bonding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3887—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
- G02B6/3889—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features using encapsulation for protection, e.g. adhesive, molding or casting resin
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3854—Ferrules characterised by materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Claims (10)
1. Verbinder für Lichtleitfasern, der einen thermoplastischen
Klebstoff besitzt, der zum Festlegen einer Lichtleitfaser geeignet ist und ein thermoplastisches Harz
enthält und gekennzeichnet ist durch
a) eine Viskosität zwischen 1000 und 10 000 mPa.s bei einer für den Verbinder nicht schädlichen, geeigneten
Verarbeitungstemperatur,
b) eine Adhäsionsfestigkeit von mindestens 10 N an Glas und
c) eine Shore D-Härte von mindestens 60 bei 200C.
2. Verbinder für Lichtleitfasern nach Anspruch 1,
in dem das thermoplastische Harz ein Polyamid ist.
3. Verbinder für Lichtleitfasern nach Anspruch 2, in dem das Polyamid wenigstens teilweise aus einem Reaktionsprodukt einer dimeren Säure, der Azelainsäure und des Diamins
besteht.
4. Verbinder für Lichtleitfasern nach Anspruch 1,
in dem der thermoplastische Klebstoff wenigstens teilweise aus einem Gemisch eines klebfähigmachenden Harzes und eines
Weichmachers besteht.
5. Verbinder für Lichtleitfasern nach Anspruch 1, in den der thermoplastische Klebstoff gespritzt worden ist.
6. Verbinder für Lichtleitfasern nach Anspruch 1,
der einen eingesetzten Körper aus dem thermoplastischen Klebstoff enthält.
7. Verbinder für Lichtleitfasern nach Anspruch 6,
in dem der Körper aus dem thermoplastischen Klebstoff von
einem zentralen Loch durchsetzt ist, durch das hindurch eine Lichtleitfaser ohne Erwärmung des Klebstoffes vorschiebbar
ist.
8. ' Verbinder für Lichtleitfasern nach Anspruch 1,
in dem bei über seinem Erweichungspunkt erwärmtem Klebstoff eine optische Faser montiert worden ist.
9. Verbinder für Lichtleitfaser nach Anspruch 1, in dem der thermoplastische Klebstoff als Füllstoff Mikroperlen
aus Glas mit einem Durchmesser von 5 bis 50 Mikrometern enthält.
10. Verbinder für Lichtleitfasern nach Anspruch 9,
in dem das Volumenverhältnis der Mikroperlen zu dem thermoplastischen
Klebstoff höchstens 70:30 beträgt.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/439,095 US4984865A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1989-11-17 | Thermoplastic adhesive mounting apparatus and method for an optical fiber connector |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE434212T1 true DE434212T1 (de) | 1994-09-22 |
Family
ID=23743272
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69032368T Expired - Fee Related DE69032368T2 (de) | 1989-11-17 | 1990-11-16 | Thermoplastisch klebende Befestigung für einen optischen Faserverbinder |
DE0434212T Pending DE434212T1 (de) | 1989-11-17 | 1990-11-16 | Thermoplastisch klebende Befestigung für einen optischen Faserverbinder. |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69032368T Expired - Fee Related DE69032368T2 (de) | 1989-11-17 | 1990-11-16 | Thermoplastisch klebende Befestigung für einen optischen Faserverbinder |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4984865A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0434212B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3082938B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR0181501B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU621249B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9005824A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2030020C (de) |
DE (2) | DE69032368T2 (de) |
MY (1) | MY105408A (de) |
SG (1) | SG45371A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA909235B (de) |
Families Citing this family (72)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5101463A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1992-03-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Push-pull optical fiber connector |
DE69321346T2 (de) * | 1992-04-21 | 1999-05-12 | Minnesota Mining And Mfg. Co., Saint Paul, Minn. | Stecker ohne klebstoff für optische fasern |
DE69420990T2 (de) * | 1993-02-02 | 2000-03-09 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optische Steckerhülse mit Klebstoff-Füllung |
DE4303737C2 (de) * | 1993-02-03 | 1995-12-07 | Siemens Ag | Aufnahmeanordnung für ein Kabel-Endstück |
US5321784A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1994-06-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Pull-proof, modular fiber optic connector system |
EP0646814B1 (de) * | 1993-04-19 | 2002-12-04 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optischer kabelkoppler vom multifasertyp und sein herstellungsverfahren |
KR100269825B1 (ko) * | 1993-04-30 | 2000-10-16 | 미야즈 준이찌로 | 광코넥터 및 그 제조방법(optical connector and method thereof) |
FR2708055B1 (fr) * | 1993-07-19 | 1995-08-25 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Dispositif de liaison pour tige composite. |
US5437831A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-08-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process of modifying a cable end |
DE4330941C1 (de) * | 1993-09-08 | 1995-03-02 | Siemens Ag | Steckverbinder |
US5425119A (en) * | 1993-09-23 | 1995-06-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Connector strain relief for optical fiber |
US5425121A (en) | 1994-02-02 | 1995-06-13 | Siecor Corporation | Cable assembly for use with opto-electronic equipment enclosures |
US5418876A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-05-23 | Augat Communications Products, Inc. | Fiber optic connector with epoxy preform |
US5631986A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1997-05-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Optical fiber ferrule |
US5416874A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1995-05-16 | Siecor Corporation | Optical receiver stub fitting |
US5446819A (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1995-08-29 | Itt Industries, Inc. | Termination tool and method for optical fibre cables |
KR960011463A (ko) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-20 | 니시지와 게이지 | 광섬유 커넥터 |
US5547396A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1996-08-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Use of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks for cable/fiber retention |
US5621836A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1997-04-15 | Methode Electronics, Inc. | Plastic fiber alignment ferrule and termination method |
FR2730318B1 (fr) * | 1995-02-02 | 1997-04-11 | Cortaillod Cables Sa | Dispositif d'extremite pour cable optique |
US5694506A (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 1997-12-02 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Optical connector |
DE19541139C1 (de) | 1995-10-27 | 1997-05-15 | Siemens Ag | Aufnahmeanordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Aufnahmeanordnung für mindestens einen umhüllten Lichtwellenleiter |
ATE218714T1 (de) * | 1997-07-17 | 2002-06-15 | Huber+Suhner Ag | Verfahren zum befestigen eines lichtwellenleiterkabels in einem verbinder für eine steckbare faserverbindung |
US6085004A (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 2000-07-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical fiber connector using photocurable adhesive |
EP0964277A1 (de) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-15 | Interlemo Holding S.A. | Glasfaser Dornkontaktsystem |
US6331080B1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2001-12-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical fiber connector using colored photocurable adhesive |
US6007258A (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 1999-12-28 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Bonding operation for fabricating fiber optic terminus |
JP2000241662A (ja) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-09-08 | Seiko Instruments Inc | 光コネクタ及び光コネクタの製造方法 |
WO2001095001A1 (de) * | 2000-06-05 | 2001-12-13 | Huber & Suhner Ag | Verfahren zum konfektionieren eines optischen steckverbinders, vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens sowie steckverbinder für den einsatz bei einem solchen verfahren |
AU2001262551B2 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2005-09-22 | Adc Gmbh | Assembly and method for use in terminating an optical fibre or fibres |
FR2814550B1 (fr) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-12-06 | Schlumberger Services Petrol | Traversee optique |
GB2385147A (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2003-08-13 | Simon Charles Gilligan | Fibre-optic connector having plunger to move adhesive |
US6775446B2 (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2004-08-10 | Schott Glas | Flexible optic fiber cable with centered, interference fit ferrules |
US6931194B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-08-16 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for forming an optical cable splice |
US7147384B2 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-12-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Small form factor optical connector with thermoplastic adhesive |
US7198549B2 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2007-04-03 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Continuous contour polishing of a multi-material surface |
US7149402B2 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-12-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Device for holding field termination load adapter for optical connectors |
US7255486B2 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2007-08-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Field termination apparatus and method for small form factor optical connectors with thermoplastic adhesive |
US20060105684A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-05-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fiber polishing apparatus and method for field terminable optical connectors |
US20060103039A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-05-18 | Shields Jeff L | Heat shrink device and method |
DE102006062695B4 (de) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-05-08 | Roland Berger | Steckverbinder für einen Lichtwellenleiter |
US7341383B2 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-03-11 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Dual inner diameter ferrule device and method |
US7534050B2 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2009-05-19 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Field terminatable fiber optic connector assembly |
US7676134B2 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2010-03-09 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Field termination kit |
US7530746B2 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2009-05-12 | Abc Telecommunications, Inc. | Field termination connector with shaped adhesive pre-form |
US7805046B2 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2010-09-28 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Termination of fiber optic cable |
WO2009073500A1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-11 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Hybrid fiber/copper connector system and method |
EP2447750A1 (de) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-02 | Alcatel Lucent | Anordnung mit mindestens einer Glasfaser und Montagevorrichtung |
US8636425B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2014-01-28 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Fiber optic connector |
US8622634B2 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-01-07 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Optical fiber assemblies and methods of fabricating optical fiber assemblies |
US20130078587A1 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-03-28 | Ksaria Corporation | Modular epoxy curing system |
US12013577B2 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2024-06-18 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Cable and dual inner diameter ferrule device with smooth internal contours and method |
WO2013117589A2 (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-15 | Tyco Electronics Raychem Bvba | Cable termination assembly and method for connectors |
US9176285B2 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2015-11-03 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Fiber optic connector |
KR20150054936A (ko) | 2012-09-12 | 2015-05-20 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 원격 파지 다중 섬유 커넥터 |
US9897764B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2018-02-20 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Molded ferrules for optical fibers |
US8702322B1 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-04-22 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Optical connector with adhesive material |
US9588303B2 (en) | 2013-06-03 | 2017-03-07 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Optical connector with adhesive material |
WO2014206976A1 (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | Tyco Electronics Raychem Bvba | Fiber optic cable anchoring device for use with fiber optic connectors and methods of using the same |
US9086548B2 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-07-21 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Optical connectors with inorganic adhesives and methods for making the same |
US9791637B2 (en) | 2014-04-21 | 2017-10-17 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Methods of terminating one or more optical fibers |
CN106468807B (zh) * | 2015-08-17 | 2018-05-29 | 泰科电子(上海)有限公司 | 自动注胶系统和多孔插芯组件的制造方法 |
US9581768B1 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2017-02-28 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Fiber optic connector sub-assemblies and related methods |
US9429719B1 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2016-08-30 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Fiber optic connector sub-assemblies and related methods |
US10598866B2 (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2020-03-24 | Lumasense Technologies Holdings, Inc. | Low reflection fiber-optic connector |
EP3377929A4 (de) * | 2015-11-18 | 2019-08-07 | Commscope Technologies LLC | Verfahren zur behandlung von ferrulen und/oder optischen fasern |
KR102081491B1 (ko) | 2017-12-05 | 2020-02-25 | 백종원 | 치매환자용 기저귀 |
WO2019173060A1 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | Corning Research & Development Corporation | Optical fiber splice with a thermoplastic optical adhesive |
CN111801613A (zh) | 2018-03-07 | 2020-10-20 | 3M创新有限公司 | 具有热塑性光学粘合剂的光纤接头 |
WO2021033230A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-25 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光コネクタおよび光接続構造 |
US20230049598A1 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-16 | Corning Research & Development Corporation | Fiber optic assemblies including a bonding agent, along with related methods |
US20230168440A1 (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-01 | Corning Research & Development Corporation | Optical fiber assemblies and methods of forming the same |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4264128A (en) * | 1979-11-21 | 1981-04-28 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Molded optical fiber connectors |
US4440469A (en) * | 1980-09-18 | 1984-04-03 | Amp Incorporated | Optical waveguide connector |
FR2503877A1 (fr) * | 1981-04-09 | 1982-10-15 | Radiall Sa | Connecteur pour fibres optiques et procede pour sa realisation |
US4588256A (en) * | 1982-09-07 | 1986-05-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical fiber connector |
US4476194A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-10-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Contour forming conical shapes |
US4666241A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1987-05-19 | Amp Incorporated | Fiber optic connector and method for terminating fiber optic transmission members |
US4812006A (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1989-03-14 | Amphenol Corporation | Fiber optic connector with colley retention |
CA1284903C (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1991-06-18 | Anne Holt | Components for joining or terminating optical fibers |
JPS6153376A (ja) * | 1984-08-23 | 1986-03-17 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光フアイバ接続用耐水性接着剤 |
DE3608018A1 (de) * | 1986-03-11 | 1987-09-17 | Siemens Ag | Verbindungselement fuer mit kleber gehaltene lichtwellenleiter und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US4729619A (en) * | 1986-05-01 | 1988-03-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical fiber connector incorporating means for isolating connection from external stresses |
JPS6327805A (ja) * | 1986-07-21 | 1988-02-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光フアイバの接続用部材及びそれを用いた接続方法 |
US4713523A (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1987-12-15 | Gte Government Systems Corporation | Fiber optic connector epoxy curing apparatus |
US4907852A (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1990-03-13 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber connector and method for producing the same |
-
1989
- 1989-11-17 US US07/439,095 patent/US4984865A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-11-15 CA CA002030020A patent/CA2030020C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-15 AU AU66682/90A patent/AU621249B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-11-15 MY MYPI90002020A patent/MY105408A/en unknown
- 1990-11-16 EP EP90312528A patent/EP0434212B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-16 DE DE69032368T patent/DE69032368T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-16 DE DE0434212T patent/DE434212T1/de active Pending
- 1990-11-16 KR KR1019900018631A patent/KR0181501B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-16 ZA ZA909235A patent/ZA909235B/xx unknown
- 1990-11-16 BR BR909005824A patent/BR9005824A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-16 SG SG1996005052A patent/SG45371A1/en unknown
- 1990-11-17 JP JP02310190A patent/JP3082938B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3082938B2 (ja) | 2000-09-04 |
EP0434212A2 (de) | 1991-06-26 |
SG45371A1 (en) | 1998-01-16 |
DE69032368D1 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
MY105408A (en) | 1994-09-30 |
KR0181501B1 (ko) | 1999-05-15 |
JPH03210512A (ja) | 1991-09-13 |
CA2030020A1 (en) | 1991-05-18 |
ZA909235B (en) | 1991-09-25 |
AU621249B2 (en) | 1992-03-05 |
AU6668290A (en) | 1991-05-23 |
DE69032368T2 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
CA2030020C (en) | 1995-07-04 |
EP0434212B1 (de) | 1998-06-03 |
US4984865A (en) | 1991-01-15 |
EP0434212A3 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
BR9005824A (pt) | 1991-09-24 |
KR910010211A (ko) | 1991-06-29 |
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