CN85106852A - 连续硫化橡胶管的方法 - Google Patents

连续硫化橡胶管的方法 Download PDF

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CN85106852A
CN85106852A CN85106852.9A CN85106852A CN85106852A CN 85106852 A CN85106852 A CN 85106852A CN 85106852 A CN85106852 A CN 85106852A CN 85106852 A CN85106852 A CN 85106852A
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rubber tube
rubber
heat
sulfuration
vulcanization
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濑下昭信
小野茂生
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Meiji Rubber and Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明是关于一种连续硫化管子的方法，它包括：一个是微波硫化，另一个是通过热介质的热传导的传统硫化方式硫化。用挤压机在橡胶管的外表面上施加一层均匀厚度的耐热合成树脂，该层与管紧密结合，但并没有粘合在其上，并且其熔点高于硫化温度。当树脂层在冷却槽中冷却、变硬后，橡胶管在微波硫化槽中加热、硫化、然后在普通硫化槽中通过热介质传导热进行硫化达一给定时间。待硫化完成后，管外表面上的合成树脂层被剥落并清除。

Description

本发明是关于一种连续硫化橡胶管，包括用纤维增强的橡胶管的方法，更具体地说，本发明的方法包括的步骤有：在橡胶管的外表面覆盖一树脂层并利用微波加热的方法和硫化的方法在升温下的硫化槽内硫化一个给定时间来进行处理，从而缩短硫化时间和节省硫化的热能。
在先有技术中，纤维增强橡胶管的硫化必须将其置于保持高温的硫化槽内在给定压力下来防止硫化中橡胶起泡，这种对管子外表面进行加压来防止橡胶起泡的方法，可以采用一个用普通方法进行加压的硫化罐。或在加压下，对管子外表面覆盖合成树脂或铅，即使使用了硫化罐，如果管的外表面没覆盖，尽管它本身的起泡可以避免，但它表面会变得粗糙，同时可能产生所谓的“突出物”，损坏其外表，因此，在通常实践中，常常采用编织物，铅，合成树脂以及类似的覆盖物。
即使使用可被加压的硫化罐，常规的硫化方法存在下列问题。它需要在橡胶管外表面覆盖编织物，合成树脂等，以获得一个具有光滑和有光泽的表面。还有，由于硫化罐必须紧紧地密封施加压力，所以很难进行连续的硫化。
当未硫化的橡胶管外表面覆盖上铅进行加热和硫化时，它不仅要求对铅进行仔细的处理而且需要增加设备和生产费用，从而增加了产品成本。
当用合成树脂覆盖未硫化的橡胶管时，在硫化温度升高时，树脂就变软，随着树脂软化度的增加，树脂强度变低，而这是防止橡胶起泡所必要的，为了避免在高温硫化时，树脂的强度下降，有必要提供足够厚度的树脂层，或在一定压力下，在硫化罐中硫化。
然而，未硫化胶橡胶管的树脂层越厚，要达到硫化温度的时间就越长。这将延长橡胶管硫化所需要的时间，再有，树脂越厚，产品成本就越高，即使树脂层被做得足够厚，为了进行连续硫化，仍有必要将硫化槽维持在规定的温度和压力下，在这种情况下，对硫化槽的密封是困难的，而且使总的硫化装置在结构上变得复杂，从而使整个系统不实用。
本发明是针对先有技术中的上述缺点作出的，它的目的是在正常压力下提供一个能连续硫化橡胶管的方法，同时通过在未硫化橡胶管上覆盖一层薄树脂层来防止起泡。
本发明的另一个目的是为管子提供一种连续加热的方法，它包括两个硫化步骤，一个是用微波，另一个是用普通加热介质进行热传导，从而减少加热时间和节省热能。
本发明的目的和用途通过下面的描述和附图将会完全明白。
在图中，图1是解释本发明步骤的流程图;
图2是部分的橡胶管分解前视图。
本发明要获得上述目的包括下列步骤。
在一个挤压成形的未硫化橡胶管外表面上覆盖一层耐热合成树脂。该合成树脂层不粘附于橡胶材料，而且微波吸收率损失小，其熔点高于硫化温度，橡胶管在一个微波硫化槽内加热至一定温度，该温度可以使其开始部分硫化，这样，只有橡胶被硫化并且在硫化时出现的气泡被抑制。
橡胶管被置于一个在常温下，保持升温的硫化槽内依靠硫化介质的热传导直到硫化完成，在完成时，耐热树脂层被剥落并清除。
现将参照附图对本发明作更详细的描述。
根据本发明制造的橡胶管10，它包括一个内橡胶管11，加强层12，一个外橡胶管13，内橡胶管11和外橡胶管13可用天然橡胶制成或根据管子的用途由各种合成橡胶的混合物制成。在加强层12中，钢丝或合成纤维如同编织物或螺旋状排列，尽管在附图中，为便于描述橡胶管，仅有一层加强层，但通常有多层，这取决于橡胶管使用时的压力，在有多层加强层的情况下，在两层加强层之间插入一层中间橡胶层来增加结合力。
标号14表示一个由合成树脂制成的柔性芯子，其外径构成了所要制造的管子内径。
标号15表示硫化时，在外橡胶管13的外表面形成的一个树脂层。
当硫化完成时，柔性芯子14被取出并且树脂层15被剥落，清除，因此，柔性芯子14和树脂层15并不是橡胶管的组成部分。但为便于理解，它们作为橡胶管的整体予以描述。
现在根据本发明，对连续硫化给予描述。
首先，在常规的连续硫化中，用挤压机20在柔性芯子14上挤压出内橡胶管11。用编织机21在挤压出的内管11的外表面上编织出加强层12后，在加强层12的整个表面上挤压出外橡胶管13，并将加强层完整、紧密地覆盖住，最好在加强层12上涂上粘合剂，如果有必要，在外管将加强层覆盖住以前，用干燥剂将粘合剂干燥。
接着，描述作为本发明要点的，提供树脂层和硫化的步骤。使用一台挤压机23用来挤压树脂，树脂层15以均匀的厚度在外橡胶管13的外表面紧密地形成。例如：树脂可为聚四氟乙烯或聚甲基戊烯（polymethylpentene），它们具有小的微波吸收率损失并且耐热。它们用于树脂层15的挤压中。橡胶层15被涂敷到一定厚度，该厚度足以防止橡胶在下一步微波硫化时起泡，如厚度可为1mm-2mm。
由于从挤压机23挤压出的树脂层15太热并容易变形，它要经过一冷却槽致冷并硬化。
在树脂层15被冷却和硬化后，未硫化橡胶管1.0进入微波硫化槽25。
在微波硫化槽25里的硫化是用来防止树脂软化并将橡胶硫化/硬化到一定程度，即微波硫化槽25里的微波局部地加热未硫化的管子达到硫化温度并对未硫化管进行初始硫化处理。由于树脂层15由微波吸收损失小的耐热树脂制成。该树脂层不可能发热或软化，而只有未硫化橡胶管可被加热。再者，由于树脂层15在本身与橡胶管紧密接触的情况下硫化的，使之有可能在硫化中防止橡胶起泡。
未硫化橡胶管在微波硫化槽25内局部地加热到硫化温度，并且橡胶被初始硫化处理后，管子立即被传送到硫化槽26（LCM，PCM，HAV）。
在硫化槽26中，橡胶管被完全硫化而同时树脂层被软化。
换句话说，虽然完全硫化橡胶要求加热达规定的时间，但是橡胶管在微波硫化槽25中已经受到初始硫化，处理过的橡胶管在一个升温下借助于热介质传导热量的硫化槽26内维持一给定的时间，通过硫化槽26中的这种加热，橡胶管的硫化便完成。同时，由于橡胶在微波硫化槽25中初始硫化处理，因此，橡胶在硫化槽26中加热不会产生气泡。
因此，虽然由于在硫化槽26中的加热，使树脂层15软化，但在这种情况下，没有必要防止橡胶的起泡，而且，树脂层15的软化将对硫化没有影响。相反地，硫化槽26中的加热则更有好处，它可以使树脂层15容易地剥落因为树脂层必须用一种方式软化并去掉。
在硫化槽26中的硫化完成后，橡胶管10通过一个切缝机27对树脂层15沿纵面方向切一连续的缝17，该缝的深度没有达到管子10的表面。橡胶管在冷却器28中用水冷却后，用剥落机29在缝17处将树脂层15剥落并从橡胶管10上清除。然后将芯子14抽出从而获得橡胶管。
〔例子〕
首先制造未硫化橡胶管，它包括：两个加强层，其里层的直径为10mm，外层直径为20mm，一个由腈-聚丁橡胶（nitrile-butadiene    rubber）制成的内橡胶管，一个由氯丁橡胶制成的外橡胶管，并且在加强层中含有一个尼龙纱线编织物。然后将聚甲基戊烯施于未硫化橡胶管达1.5mm厚，作为树脂层。橡胶管在2.5KW的微波下进行初始硫化后，再在200℃硫化槽中被硫化7分钟。最后，树脂层被剥落，芯子被抽出。从而，获得一种如同压力管一样特性的橡胶管，并且具有无气泡的优质表面。
本发明的上述结构具有下列优点：
（1）由于有如下步骤，通过微波加热对橡胶进行初始硫化，接着在升高了温度的硫化槽内对橡胶硫化达一规定的时间周期，橡胶起泡可以由树脂层防止。这就在硫化设备中不必提供特殊的密闭机械和压力机械。
（2）由于在橡胶初始硫化物中使用了微波，树脂层本身并不会加热而保持其固态。因此，当与仅依靠在硫化槽内的热介质传导热的传统硫化相比，树脂层可以制得比较薄来防止橡胶起泡并且树脂消耗量可以减少。
（3）由于橡胶材料本身吸收微波能量，它在短期内能局部地从内部产生热量，它需要硫化时间较短，这意味着硫化槽可以做短些，其结果，可以节省用于操作槽所必要的热能。
（4）由于树脂层在微波硫化期间不易发热或软化而是保持其固态橡胶就没有变形或弄弯的危险。
（5）由于树脂层不粘合于橡胶管材料，可以在将它清除以后，把它变成粉末再重复使用。
（6）与用铅涂层的传统硫化方式相比，本发明将不会产生对环境或人有害的问题。

Claims (3)

1、一种连续硫化管子的方法其特征在于挤压成的未硫化橡胶管外表面覆盖一层耐热树脂层，该层具有小的微波吸收损失。同时其熔点高于硫化温度，单单橡胶管在微波槽中局部被加热直到初始硫化。并将橡胶管置于常压、升温的热硫化槽内，通过槽内的热介质进行热传导直到硫化完成，并将覆盖的耐热树脂层剥落，芯子拉出。
2、根据权项1所述的连续硫化管子的方法，其中聚四氟乙烯或聚甲基戊烯用来制作耐热树脂层。
3、根据权项1所述的连续硫化管子的方法，其中耐热层的厚度在1mm和2mm之间。
CN85106852.9A 1985-06-17 1985-09-12 连续硫化橡胶管的方法 Expired CN1006049B (zh)

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JPS61290011A (ja) 1986-12-20
CN1006049B (zh) 1989-12-13
US4702867A (en) 1987-10-27
EP0205707B1 (en) 1989-03-01
KR900007339B1 (ko) 1990-10-08
JPH064252B2 (ja) 1994-01-19
MX163456B (es) 1992-05-18
DE3568408D1 (en) 1989-04-06
KR870000161A (ko) 1987-02-16

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