CN1916053B - 固态聚合物 - Google Patents
固态聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1916053B CN1916053B CN200610153644XA CN200610153644A CN1916053B CN 1916053 B CN1916053 B CN 1916053B CN 200610153644X A CN200610153644X A CN 200610153644XA CN 200610153644 A CN200610153644 A CN 200610153644A CN 1916053 B CN1916053 B CN 1916053B
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 carboxylic acid halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001427 mPEG Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PMNLUUOXGOOLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(S)C(O)=O PMNLUUOXGOOLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LSWYGACWGAICNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound C=CCOCC1CO1 LSWYGACWGAICNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCC[N+]([O-])(C)CCCl SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940059260 amidate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-LLVKDONJSA-N etomidate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CN=CN1[C@H](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000710 polymer precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
- C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
- C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C08G81/024—Block or graft polymers containing sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F and of polymers of C08G
- C08G81/025—Block or graft polymers containing sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F and of polymers of C08G containing polyether sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
- C04B24/2647—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates containing polyether side chains
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2652—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles
- C04B24/2658—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles containing polyether side chains
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2688—Copolymers containing at least three different monomers
- C04B24/2694—Copolymers containing at least three different monomers containing polyether side chains
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
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Abstract
本发明涉及固态聚合物,其可以通过以下物质的反应而获得:至少一种聚合物A,该聚合物A由选自不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸或不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸的类似物的至少一种单体a以及非必要地至少一种烯属不饱和单体b制备;至少一种聚合物B,该聚合物B用在常规反应条件下为非反应性的端基在一侧封端并在另一端加以羟基官能化或胺官能化;以及非必要地至少一种胺C。本发明还涉及固态聚合物,其可以通过至少一种单体a,该单体a选自不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸或不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸的类似物,在自由基产生剂存在下,与至少一种单体c,该单体c选自用在常规反应条件下为非反应性端基在一侧封端并在另一端加以羟基官能化或胺官能化的聚合物B的不饱和酯或酰胺,以及与非必要地至少一种烯属不饱和单体b反应而获得。另外,还公开了该固体聚合物的制备方法及其作为分散剂和流化剂在水泥体系中的用途。
Description
本申请是申请日为2003年3月19日、申请号为03806965.2、发明名称为“固态聚合物”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可以根据需要无残留地溶解在水中和/或可分散在水中的固态聚合物,及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
近些年来,聚亚烷基二醇-羧酸酯用作用于水分散体的分散剂。其能显著降低分散体中的水含量。这些聚合物在水溶液中制备或者以聚合物水溶液形式得到。这些溶液的缺点在于高运输成本,因为还必须同时运输高含量的溶剂。另外,特别是在水溶液中还会带来细菌侵害。水溶液对冷冻敏感,即一方面水溶液可能结冰,另一方面在冷藏条件下其会结晶出固体。这需要特殊的储存条件。当聚亚烷基二醇-羧酸酯具有例如通过丙烯酸酯共聚所形成的酯基时,其水溶液仅具有有限的储存能力,因为特别在较高温度下,这些酯易于水解。
粉末或者固体相对于水溶液而言具有的技术优点在于,运输时带来明显较低的成本,由于较低的生物侵害或在改性聚羧酸酯中可能的酯键的较低的离解,储存稳定性因而明显较高并且冷冻敏感性明显降低。
WO0017263公开了一种通过在添加稳定剂的条件下干燥聚合物水溶液而制备基于聚氧化亚烷基二醇-羧酸酯的水溶性聚合物粉末的方法。
EP1052232公开了一种粉末状分散剂的制备方法,其中向含有聚羧酸酯聚合物的液体中加入还原剂,然后干燥并粉末化该含还原剂的液体。
WO0047533公开了一种在将矿物载体材料引入聚醚羧酸酯的条件下制备粉末状聚合物组合物的方法。
由溶液干燥而制备的固体聚合物需要附加的工艺步骤,消耗大量能 量并且昂贵。再溶解之后,与矿物载体材料混合的聚合物粉末不适于制备稳定的聚合物水溶液。
发明描述
因此,本发明的任务是,克服所述现有技术的缺点,并制备一种聚合物,该聚合物以固态形式得到,并在无喷雾干燥步骤或水不溶性添加剂的条件下,根据需要可以无残留地再次溶解在水中和/或可分散在水中。意外地发现,通过权利要求1或2的本发明的固态聚合物可以消除现有技术的缺点。
本发明描述了固态聚合物,其可以通过以下物质的反应而获得:至少一种聚合物A,该聚合物A由至少一种不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸或其类似物(a)和非必要地至少一种烯属不饱和单体(b)制备;至少一种聚合物B,该聚合物B用在常规反应条件下为非反应性的端基在一侧封端并在另一端加以羟基官能化或胺官能化;以及非必要地至少一种胺C。
此外,这样的固态聚合物还可以通过至少一种不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸或其类似物(a),在自由基产生剂存在下,与至少一种(c),其是用在常规反应条件下为非反应性的端基在一侧封端并在另一端加以羟基官能化或胺官能化的聚合物B的不饱和酯或酰胺,以及非必要地与至少一种烯属不饱和单体(b)反应而获得。另外,还公开了该固体聚合物的制备方法及其作为分散剂和流化剂在含水泥体系中的用途。
发明实施方案
本发明涉及固态聚合物,其可以通过以下物质的反应而获得:至少一种聚合物A,该聚合物A由选自不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸或不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸的类似物的至少一种单体a和非必要地至少一种烯属不饱和单体b制备;至少一种聚合物B,该聚合物B用在常规反应条件下为非反应性的端基在一侧封端并在另一端加以羟基官能化或胺官能化;以及非必要地至少一种胺C。
所谓“固体聚合物”或“固态聚合物”在本发明意义中是指聚合 物,其在室温下以固态存在,例如它们是粉末、鳞片状物、粒料或片材,并且可以这种形式无问题地运输和储存。
所谓“用在常规反应条件下为非反应性的端基封端”在本发明意义中是指,存在这样的不能再反应的基团来代替用于酯化或酰胺化的反应性官能团。常规反应条件是本领域技术人员知道用于酯化和酰胺化反应的那些条件。“在一侧封端”的化合物仅指其一侧不能再反应。
聚合物A可以通过至少一种单体a和非必要地至少一种单体b的聚合反应获得。
单体a选自不饱和一元羧酸、不饱和二元羧酸、它们的类似物和它们的混合物。不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸优选包括马来酸、衣康酸或丁烯酸,特别是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。所谓一元羧酸或二元羧酸的类似物在本发明意义中是指酸盐、酰卤、酸酐和酸酯,特别是酸的烷基酯。
单体b选自烯属不饱和单体。这样的烯属不饱和单体特别包括:
烯属不饱和芳族化合物,如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯,
乙烯基化合物,如N-乙烯吡咯烷酮、醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯基乙基醚、乙烯基磺酸、乙烯基己内酰胺,
(甲基)烯丙基化合物,如(甲基)烯丙基磺酸、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、烯丙基聚二醇醚,
不饱和酰胺或腈,如丙烯腈或丙烯酰胺,
烯属不饱和化合物,如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯。
聚合物A还可以作为盐或经部分中和的形式存在。
在制备聚合物A时,如果必要,可以这样选择所使用的引发剂、共引发剂和聚合反应调节剂,使得在聚合物A中不存在能反应的羟基官能团或胺官能团。
聚合物A中单体结构单元a和b的摩尔比例的一般范围是100∶0-20∶80,优选为100∶0-30∶70,特别为98∶2-70∶30。
所谓“分子量”或“摩尔质量”在本发明意义中是指重均分子量Mw。
聚合物A的分子量例如为1000-100000g/mol,优选1000-50000g/mol,特别优选为2000-30000g/mol,特别为 2000-15000g/mol。
聚合物B用在常规反应条件下为非反应性的端基在一侧封端。优选在此是指一种具有聚亚烷基二醇基本骨架的聚合物。优选这种聚合物B符合下述通式:
X-(EO)x-(PO)y-(BuO)z-R
其中x、y、z彼此独立地各具有数值为0-250,并且x+y+z=3或更大;
X=OH或NHR′,其中R′=具有1-20个碳原子的烷基、具有7-20个碳原子的烷芳基或H,优选R′=H;
EO=乙烯氧基,PO=丙烯氧基,BuO=丁烯氧基或异丁烯氧基;
和R=具有1-20个碳原子的烷基或具有7-20个碳原子的烷芳基。
聚合物B中氧化乙烯(EO)-、氧化丙烯(PO)-和氧化丁烯(BuO)-单元的序列可以是嵌段和/或无规分布。
含羟端基的聚合物B与含胺端基的聚合物B的摩尔比是100∶0到0∶100,优选100∶0到5∶95,特别为100∶0到20∶80,特别是100∶0到91∶9。
制备固体聚合物的胺C选自氨,铵盐,伯、仲直链和支链C1-C20烷基胺以及仲C1-C20羟基胺。
聚合物A中羧酸基团或其类似物的总量与聚合物B中羟基和氨基总量的比例是50∶1到1.1∶1,优选30∶1到1.1∶1。
聚合物A中每个单位的羧酸基团或其类似物使用0-0.5个单位,优选0.01-0.3个单位的胺C来制备固体聚合物。
聚合物A与聚合物B以及非必要地胺C的反应在一定条件下进行,该条件导致将聚合物A中的羧基至少部分酯化或酰胺化。该反应优选在较高温度下进行,特别优选在140和250℃之间,特别地在150和200℃之间。可以加入酯化催化剂如路易斯酸。可以在反应过程中从聚合物熔体中除去生成的副产物,例如通过空气流或氮气流,真空或盐析。
另外,本发明公开了固态聚合物,其可以通过至少一种单体a,该单体a选自不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸或不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸的 类似物,在自由基产生剂存在下,与至少一种单体c,该单体c选自用在常规反应条件下为非反应性的端基在一侧封端并且在另一端加以羟基官能化或胺基官能化的聚合物B的不饱和酯或酰胺,以及与非必要地至少一种烯属不饱和单体b的反应而获得。
单体a、b和聚合物B如前所述。单体c选自聚合物B的不饱和酯或酰胺。所述单体c优选是α,β-不饱和羧酸的酯或酰胺,特别是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯或酰胺。
上述共聚物中单体a、b和c的摩尔比遵循条件(a+c)∶b=100∶0到30∶70,优选100∶0到50∶50,特别是98∶2到70∶30。共聚物中单体a和c的摩尔比遵循条件a∶c=200∶1到0.1∶1,优选100∶1到0.1∶1,特别是29∶1到0.1∶1。
可以按照常规自由基共聚反应技术进行单体a、b和c的共聚。例如有机或无机过氧化物、氢过氧化物、过硫酸盐或有机含氮化合物适合于作为引发剂。可以使用调节剂以调节分子量,所述调节剂如无机或有机硫化合物,醛,蚁酸,或无机磷化合物。聚合反应可以通过氧化还原引发剂引发。反应可以无溶剂或在一种溶剂中进行。例如,合适的溶剂是甲苯、苯、水及其混合物,优选是水。在使用溶剂时,聚合物在加工之前必须从溶剂分离出来,这可以通过聚合物沉淀并然后分离出溶剂或通过用真空或不用真空蒸馏出溶剂而完成。非必要地,聚合物还必须通过供热而熔融。所形成的聚合物熔体可以如所述进一步加工。
此外,在制备固体聚合物的两种可能的方案中,下述情况视为优选。
有利的是,氧化丙烯(PO)单元和氧化丁烯(BO)单元的总和的重量含量不超过聚合物B的29重量%,特别是小于20重量%。
有利的是,聚合物B的分子量是约120-20000g/mol,特别是约250-10000g/mol。
此外,有利的是,所有具有分子量低于500g/mol的聚合物B的含量不多于全部聚合物B的70摩尔%,优选小于50摩尔%,特别是小于30摩尔%。
本领域技术人员已知,工业上生产的单官能聚烯化氧,即用在常规 反应条件下为非反应性的端基在一侧封端的聚亚烷基二醇,其总是具有一定含量的未用端基封端的杂质。特别考虑本领域技术人员用术语“双官能性”描述的这些物质。聚合物B中双官能聚合物的重量含量基于聚合物B的重量有利地为小于3重量%,优选小于2重量%,特别是小于1重量%。
已经表明,某种水溶性或水分散性物质的加入可以促进聚合物熔体的硬化反应。这样物质的例子是有机或无机盐,如硝酸、磷酸、亚磷酸、脂肪酸、磺酸、邻苯二甲酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐,或者有机化合物,如尿素,高级醇,如脂肪醇或新戊二醇。这些添加剂可以在加工聚合物熔体之前的任何时刻加入。
这些添加剂,以基于固态聚合物为0到5重量%加入到聚合物中,优选熔体中。
所谓“加工聚合物熔体之前”意指聚合物制备过程中聚合物熔体硬化之前进行的每个加工步骤。
为了原位硬化,可将反应结束时反应器中存在的聚合物熔体装入容器。为了进一步加工可以再次熔融固体聚合物,然后进一步加工。
在反应结束时反应器中存在的聚合物熔体还可以用本领域技术人员公知的与合适的方法,连续地或分批地进一步加工以成型为可操作的固体。例如可以将其浇铸为片材并以这种形式硬化,然后通过切碎、研磨或造粒而将其粉碎。可以例如通过冷却而加速硬化过程。作为对于聚合物熔体的进一步加工的其他例子,还可以将聚合物熔体直接造粒,例如借助冷却浴和切碎装置。
在本发明一个优选的实施方式中,固体聚合物可以作为分散剂用于无机或有机分散体。这样的分散体的例子有碳酸钙分散体、染料分散体、石膏悬浮液、水硬粘结剂分散体或煤泥浆。
在另一个优选实施方式中,固体聚合物作为分散剂用于含有水硬粘结剂或水硬粘结剂与潜伏水硬粘结剂的混合物的分散体。这样的分散剂在混凝土技术中称作流化剂。水硬粘结剂例如是水泥、炉渣、石膏或无水石膏。所谓潜伏水硬物料是指例如火山灰或飞灰。一种特殊用途在此 是指在成品砂浆中作为流化剂的用途。
可以通过如下方式直接使用本发明的固态聚合物:例如将其以粉末或粒料形式掺混入待分散物质中,或者如果必须研磨待分散物质,则非必要地在研磨过程之前将其加入。固体聚合物还可以溶解在水中作为水溶液形式使用。
优选在加工聚合物熔体之前,还可以向固体聚合物中加入其他添加剂。这样的添加剂可以是例如碱,如碱金属氢氧化物或碱土金属氢氧化物、氨、C1-C2烷基胺,其他分散剂,如磺化萘缩合物、磺化蜜胺缩合物、木质素磺酸盐、聚丙烯酸酯,其他聚羧酸酯或用于水硬粘结剂的硬化延迟剂和/或硬化促进剂,粘度改进剂,表面活性物质,如表面活性剂或消泡剂,或收缩降低剂。
实施例
通过聚合物A与聚合物B反应的制备方法(实施例PA-1到PA-5)
本发明聚合物PA-1的制备方法
在具有机械搅拌器、温度计、进气导管和蒸馏桥的圆底烧瓶中预先加入160g 50%聚丙烯酸水溶液(分子量4500)和5.0g 50%硫酸。将此混合物加热到50℃并加入400g聚乙二醇-单甲基醚(分子量2000)。反应混合物在N2-气流下加热到160℃。将混合物中所含的水以及反应的水连续地在N2-气流下蒸馏出。4小时后达到1.5mmol H+/g的酸值,将聚合物熔体浇注入直径约100mm、高约7mm的位于未加热的实验桌陶瓷板上的铝盘(Aluschalen)中并使其硬化。
用表a中所给出的原料和反应时间,以与聚合物PA-1相同的方法制备聚合物PA-2到PA-5。
对比聚合物VA-1和VA-2的制备方法
用表b中所给出的原料和反应时间,以与聚合物PA-1相同的方法制备对比聚合物VA-1和VA-2。
聚合物 | 聚羧酸水溶液(聚合物A) | 用量(g) | 聚亚烷基二醇(聚合物B) | 用量(g) | 50%硫酸 (g) | 160℃下反应时间 (小时) | 酸值(mmolH+/g) |
PA-2 | Mw=4500g/mol的聚丙烯酸的50%水溶液 | 160 | Mw=3000g/mol的甲氧基聚乙二醇 | 600 | 6.0 | 5 | 1.00 |
PA-3 | Mw=4500g/mol的摩尔比为3∶1的甲基丙烯酸与丙烯酸的共聚物的40%水溶液 | 230 | Mw=2000g/mol的甲氧基聚乙二醇 | 440 | 3.0 | 3 | 1.05 |
PA-4 | Mw=4100g/mol的聚甲基丙烯酸的40%水溶液 | 245 | Mw=2000g/mol的甲氧基聚乙二醇 | 400 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 0.80 |
PA-5 | Mw=4500g/mol的摩尔比为3∶1的甲基丙烯酸与丙烯酸的共聚物的40%水溶液 | 230 | Mw=2000g/mol的甲氧基聚乙二醇和Mw=520g/mol的甲基聚乙二醇胺 | 300和60 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.10 |
表a:本发明聚合物PA-2到PA-5的制备
聚合物 | 聚羧酸水溶液(聚合物A) | 用量 (g) | 聚亚烷基二醇(聚合物B) | 用量 (g) | 50%硫酸 (g) | 160℃下反应时间 (小时) | 酸值(mmolH+/g) |
VA-1 | Mw=4500g/mol的摩尔比为 3∶1的甲基丙烯酸与丙烯 酸的共聚物的40%水溶液 | 230 | Mw=350g/mol的甲氧基聚 乙二醇 | 175 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.50 |
VA-2 | Mw=7000g/mol的聚丙烯酸 的54%水溶液 | 155 | Mw=2000g/mol的E0/PO的 比例为70/30的甲氧基聚 氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-胺 | 400 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 1.60 |
表b:对比聚合物VA-1和VA-2的制备
聚合物PA1-PA5在冷却和硬化之后可以无问题地以板材形式从盘中剥离,并被粉碎成小的、不粘的块。
对比聚合物VA-1和VA-2在室温下在24小时后以及在6℃下在24小时后仍保持粘稠性和粘性。
单体a与单体c以及非必要地单体b反应的制备方法
本发明聚合物的制备方法(实施例PC-1)
在具有机械搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝器的500ml圆底烧瓶中预先加入70g去离子水,并加热到75-80℃。一达到此温度,就同时经过不同的配料泵在4小时内将单体混合物(由121.2g由甲基丙烯酸与聚乙二醇-5000单甲基醚形成的酯、12.1g甲基丙烯酸和140g水组成)和一种由3.1g过二硫酸钠在40g水中形成的溶液计量加入。在此,立刻用15分钟分8份加入总共1.4g硫代乳酸。然后将0.8g过二硫酸钠在5.0g水中形成的溶液加入并在75-80℃下后聚合直到过氧化物试验为否定。通过加入6.4gNaOH(50%)而调节pH为4.7。这时用蒸馏桥替换回流冷凝器并蒸馏出水。将此粘稠聚合物熔体浇注入直径为约100mm、高为约7mm的位于未加热的实验桌陶瓷板上的铝盘中并使其硬化。
对比实施例聚合物(实施例VC-1)的制备方法
在具有机械搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝器的500ml圆底烧瓶中预先加入92.0g去离子水,并加热到85-90℃。一达到此温度,就同时经过不同的配料泵在2小时内将单体混合物(由103.0g由甲基丙烯酸与聚乙二醇-500单甲基醚形成的酯、44.7g甲基丙烯酸和110g水组成)、一种由4.6g焦亚硫酸钠在39.0g水中形成的溶液和由5.7g过二硫酸钠在40.0g水中形成的溶液计量加入。然后在85-90℃保持后反应直到过氧化物试验为否定。这时用蒸馏桥替换回流冷凝器并蒸馏出水。将此聚合物熔体浇注入直径为约100mm、高为约7mm的位于未加热的实验桌陶瓷板上的铝盘中并使其硬化。
聚合物PC-1在冷却和硬化之后可以无问题地作为板材形式从盘中剥离,并被粉碎成小的、不粘的块。对比聚合物VC-1即使在24小时后 仍不是固体,而是保持柔软。
使用氢氧化钙作为用于聚合物熔体的硬化反应的促进剂的实施例
用同样的配方量重复聚合物PA-1的制备。将聚合物熔体冷却到100℃并加入2重量%氢氧化钙粉末,充分混合5分钟。然后将聚合物熔体倒出到金属片上并使其硬化。借助硬度测试仪按照Shore A,DIN53505测试固体聚合物的硬度。如表c中所示,采用加入氢氧化钙粉末的硬化明显快于没有加入的。
表c:有氢氧化钙和无氢氧化钙添加的聚合物熔体PA-1的硬化速率(实验室温度=23℃)。
≠n.m.=“不可测”
从表c可以看出,通过添加氢氧化钙,在15分钟之后就已达到了这样的聚合物的强度,该强度在没有添加氢氧化钙的条件下在60分钟后才达到。
制备固体聚合物的聚合物水溶液的实施例
将30g固体聚合物PA-1溶解在70g水中。得到澄清的、淡黄色的聚合物溶液。
将加入了2重量%氢氧化钙粉末使其硬化的30g固体聚合物PA-1溶解在70g水中。得到混浊的、淡黄色的聚合物溶液。
Claims (25)
1.固态聚合物,其通过
至少一种单体a,该单体a选自不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸或不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸的类似物,该不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸的类似物选自酸盐、酰卤、酸酐和酸酯,
在自由基产生剂存在下,
与至少一种单体c,该单体c选自用在常规反应条件下为非反应性的端基在一侧封端并在另一端加以羟基官能化或胺官能化的聚合物B的不饱和酯或酰胺,
以及与非必要地至少一种烯属不饱和单体b反应而获得,
其中聚合物B具有如下通式:
X-(EO)x-(PO)y-(BuO)z-R
其中x、y、z彼此独立地各具有数值为0-250,并且x+y+z=3或更大;
X=OH或NHR′,其中R′=具有1-20个碳原子的烷基、具有7-20个碳原子的烷芳基或H;
EO=乙烯氧基,PO=丙烯氧基,BuO=丁烯氧基或异丁烯氧基;
和R=具有1-20个碳原子的烷基或具有7-20个碳原子的烷芳基;
其中氧化丙烯(PO)单元和氧化丁烯(BuO)单元总和的重量含量小于聚合物B的20重量%;
其中聚合物B的分子量为120-20000g/mol;并且其中所有具有分子量低于500g/mol的聚合物B的含量小于全部聚合物B的50mol%。
2.权利要求1的固态聚合物,其特征在于,R′=H。
3.权利要求1的固态聚合物,其特征在于,聚合物B的分子量为250-10000g/mol。
4.权利要求1的固态聚合物,其特征在于,所有具有分子量低于500g/mol的聚合物B的含量小于全部聚合物B的30mol%。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的固态聚合物,其特征在于,基于聚合物B的重量,聚合物B含有重量含量小于3重量%的双官能聚合物杂质。
6.权利要求5的固态聚合物,其特征在于,基于聚合物B的重量,聚合物B含有重量含量小于2重量%的双官能聚合物杂质。
7.权利要求5的固态聚合物,其特征在于,基于聚合物B的重量,聚合物B含有重量含量小于1重量%的双官能聚合物杂质。
8.权利要求1-4中任一项的固态聚合物,其特征在于,单体a是马来酸、衣康酸、丁烯酸、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。
9.权利要求1-4中任一项的固态聚合物,其特征在于,该聚合物中单体a、b和c的摩尔比遵循条件(a+c)∶b=100∶0到30∶70。
10.权利要求9的固态聚合物,其特征在于,该聚合物中单体a、b和c的摩尔比遵循条件(a+c)∶b=100∶0到50∶50。
11.权利要求9的固态聚合物,其特征在于,该聚合物中单体a、b和c的摩尔比遵循条件(a+c)∶b=98∶2到70∶30。
12.权利要求1-4中任一项的固态聚合物,其特征在于,该聚合物中单体a和c的摩尔比遵循条件a∶c=200∶1到0.1∶1。
13.权利要求12的固态聚合物,其特征在于,该聚合物中单体a和c的摩尔比遵循条件a∶c=100∶1到0.1∶1。
14.权利要求12的固态聚合物,其特征在于,该聚合物中单体a和c的摩尔比遵循条件a∶c=29∶1到0.1∶1。
15.权利要求1-4中任一项的固态聚合物,其特征在于,固态聚合物作为粉末、鳞片状物或片材形式存在。
16.权利要求1-4中任一项的固态聚合物,其特征在于,在硬化之前,向聚合物中加入至少一种混凝土流化剂。
17.权利要求1-4中任一项的固态聚合物,其特征在于,在硬化之前,向聚合物中加入至少一种选自硬化延迟剂、硬化促进剂、粘度改进剂和收缩降低剂的用于水硬或潜伏水硬粘结剂的添加剂。
18.制备权利要求1-17中任一项的固态聚合物的方法,其通过至少一种单体a,该单体a选自不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸或不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸的类似物,该不饱和一元羧酸或二元羧酸的类似物选自酸盐、酰卤、酸酐和酸酯,在自由基产生剂存在下,与至少一种单体c,该单体c选自用在常规反应条件下为非反应性的端基在一侧封端并在另一端加以羟基官能化或胺官能化的聚合物B的不饱和酯或酰胺,以及与非必要地至少一种烯属不饱和单体b,并且非必要地在随后被除去的溶剂中共聚而进行,其中聚合物B具有如下通式:
X-(EO)x-(PO)y-(BuO)z-R
其中x、y、z彼此独立地各具有数值为0-250,并且x+y+z=3或更大;
X=OH或NHR′,其中R′=具有1-20个碳原子的烷基、具有7-20个碳原子的烷芳基或H;
EO=乙烯氧基,PO=丙烯氧基,BuO=丁烯氧基或异丁烯氧基;
和R=具有1-20个碳原子的烷基或具有7-20个碳原子的烷芳基;
其中氧化丙烯(PO)单元和氧化丁烯(BuO)单元总和的重量含量小于聚合物B的20重量%;
其中聚合物B的分子量为120-20000g/mol;并且其中所有具有分子量低于500g/mol的聚合物B的含量小于全部聚合物B的50mol%。
19.权利要求18的制备固态聚合物的方法,其特征在于,在冷却之前,向聚合物熔体中加入用于聚合物熔体硬化反应的水溶性或水分散性促进剂。
20.权利要求19的制备固态聚合物的方法,其特征在于,作为用于聚合物熔体的硬化反应的水溶性或水分散性促进剂使用的促进剂选自无机盐、有机盐、尿素和脂肪醇或新戊二醇。
21.权利要求1-17中任一项的固态聚合物作为用于水分散体的分散剂的用途。
22.权利要求1-17中任一项的固态聚合物作为用于水硬体系的流化剂的用途。
23.权利要求1-17中任一项的固态聚合物作为用于成品砂浆中的流化剂的用途。
24.权利要求1-17中任一项的固态聚合物溶于水中作为用于含水泥体系的流化剂的用途。
25.通过将权利要求1-17中任一项的固态聚合物溶解于水所得的水溶液。
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