CN1914181B - 制备离子液体的方法 - Google Patents
制备离子液体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1914181B CN1914181B CN2005800032232A CN200580003223A CN1914181B CN 1914181 B CN1914181 B CN 1914181B CN 2005800032232 A CN2005800032232 A CN 2005800032232A CN 200580003223 A CN200580003223 A CN 200580003223A CN 1914181 B CN1914181 B CN 1914181B
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- acid
- ionic liquid
- emim
- cation
- ionic liquids
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011830 basic ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- XDFCIPNJCBUZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+) Chemical compound [Ba+2] XDFCIPNJCBUZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005228 aryl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical class FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 halide ion Chemical class 0.000 description 230
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 19
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical class [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-imidazole Chemical class C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SDTMFDGELKWGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[O-] SDTMFDGELKWGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 4
- PTAWFMIDYHSANN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 PTAWFMIDYHSANN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910020489 SiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Substances CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 125000005538 phosphinite group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- MXSVLWZRHLXFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylborane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1B(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MXSVLWZRHLXFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NUUDMTGMAZJCBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 NUUDMTGMAZJCBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004343 1-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 2
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004200 2-methoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006283 4-chlorobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIOAQJNADLELPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[C]1OCCO1 Chemical group C[C]1OCCO1 UIOAQJNADLELPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910007932 ZrCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
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- XZQYTGKSBZGQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-I rhenium pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Re](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl XZQYTGKSBZGQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REPVLJRCJUVQFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (-)-isopinocampheol Natural products C1C(O)C(C)C2C(C)(C)C1C2 REPVLJRCJUVQFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VIKMHHCQBWIVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1N(C)C=CN1C VIKMHHCQBWIVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWWCIHVYFYTXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CN1CN(C)C=C1 SWWCIHVYFYTXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TYOCDPIZUIQUSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1C=CN(C)C1C TYOCDPIZUIQUSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDXRMHIGMAONJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCN1C=CN(C)C1C WDXRMHIGMAONJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCN1CN(C)C=C1 IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UXASSLBGWQQHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 UXASSLBGWQQHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGVGZVWOOMIJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 WGVGZVWOOMIJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHMRCECXKRUTMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2-octan-3-ylimidazole Chemical compound CCCCCC(CC)C1=NC=CN1C WHMRCECXKRUTMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBAYTBHFIAGLLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-nonyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 DBAYTBHFIAGLLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTUWFYALZIAAGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-octyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KTUWFYALZIAAGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LSCCSMGIKOTYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propan-2-yl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CC(C)N1CN(C)C=C1 LSCCSMGIKOTYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFYZBXKLRPWSGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCN1CN(C)C=C1 JFYZBXKLRPWSGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFFIRKXTFQCCKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C(O)=O)C(C)=C1 FFFIRKXTFQCCKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003456 2,6-dinitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C(*)C(=C1[H])[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004042 4-aminobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- YMRPKBLFDBUOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-butyl-2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical group CCCCC1=CN=C(C)N1 YMRPKBLFDBUOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIAHASMJDOMQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical group CCC1=CN=C(C)N1 RIAHASMJDOMQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YGEYWYMCCUUDCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CN(C)CN1CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1=CN(C)CN1CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 YGEYWYMCCUUDCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910004537 TaCl5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005910 alkyl carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium bromide Chemical compound Br[Al](Br)Br PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229940111121 antirheumatic drug quinolines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
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- LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Be]Cl LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CKDOCTFBFTVPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N borneol Natural products C1CC2(C)C(C)CC1C2(C)C CKDOCTFBFTVPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001914 chlorine tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVWHTOUAJSGEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine trioxide Chemical compound [O]Cl(=O)=O TVWHTOUAJSGEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000068 chlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(ii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cr]Cl XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diiodide Chemical compound [Co+2].[I-].[I-] AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RJYMRRJVDRJMJW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibromomanganese Chemical compound Br[Mn]Br RJYMRRJVDRJMJW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004188 dichlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004212 difluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogenborate Chemical compound OB(O)[O-] URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005805 dimethoxy phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-isoborneol Natural products C1CC2(C)C(O)CC1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000895 extractive distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound OOB=O PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DBLMXLQJTBGLMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron tetracarbonyl hydride Chemical compound [Fe].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] DBLMXLQJTBGLMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQZGVMWPHXIKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) iodide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[I-].[I-] BQZGVMWPHXIKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mandelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002510 mandelic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound COC(O)=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(O)(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GICWIDZXWJGTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-I molybdenum pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Mo](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl GICWIDZXWJGTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003518 norbornenyl group Chemical group C12(C=CC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YHBDIEWMOMLKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachloroniobium Chemical compound Cl[Nb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl YHBDIEWMOMLKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229950010765 pivalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate Chemical compound CC(C)[O-] OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical group CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQLIQIAXYRMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylheptyl alcohol Chemical compound CCCCCC(CO)CCC YLQLIQIAXYRMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAWABSHMGXMCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-L samarium(ii) iodide Chemical compound I[Sm]I UAWABSHMGXMCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BHXBZLPMVFUQBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K samarium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sm](Cl)Cl BHXBZLPMVFUQBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003334 secondary amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(v) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ta](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003511 tertiary amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008648 triflates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPICRATUQFHULE-UHFFFAOYSA-J uranium(4+);tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[U](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPICRATUQFHULE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYCOEXWFMFWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K vanadium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[V+3] HQYCOEXWFMFWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCMOZDDGXKIOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Y+3] PCMOZDDGXKIOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/58—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备离子液体的方法,其包括首先将离子液体与烷基化物或碳酸氢盐、碳酸盐、羧酸盐或氢氧化物反应和随后用酸中和。本发明的离子液体含有磷鎓和/或铵阳离子和选自卤离子、芳基磺酸根类、烷基磺酸根类、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、烷基硫酸根类、碳酸氢根、碳酸根、三氟甲烷磺酸根类和羧酸根类的阴离子。本发明使得可以向所述离子液体中引入任何所希望的阴离子。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备离子液体的方法。
根据Wasserscheid和Keim在Angewandte Chemie,2000年第112卷第3926-3945页的定义,离子液体是具有非分子的离子特性并在相对低的温度下熔融的盐。在相对低的温度下它们是液体,并且同时具有相对低的粘度。对于许多有机、无机和聚合物物质而言,它们具有很好的溶剂能力。此外,它们一般是不可燃烧的、非腐蚀性的和不具有可测量的蒸气压。
离子液体是由正负离子组成的、但整体呈电中性的化合物。所述正离子和负离子均主要为单价,但是多价阴离子和/或阳离子(例如每个离子具有一到五个电荷、优选一到四个电荷、特别优选一到三个电荷、特别是一或两个电荷的离子)也是可以的。所述电荷可以位于分子内不同的固定区域或不定区域中,即以类似甜菜碱的方式,或者可以存在于分开的阴离子和阳离子上。优选其化合物由至少一种阳离子和至少一种阴离子组成的离子液体。
离子液体的已知应用领域,例如作为化学反应的溶剂,如PeterWasserscheid在Chemie in unserer Zeit,第37卷(2003年)第1期52~63页中所述的;作为从化学反应混合物中分离酸的助剂,如DE 10202838中所述的;作为萃取精馏中分离沸点接近或共沸混合物的助剂,如WO02/074718所述的;或者作为太阳-热装置中的热传递介质,如Proceedingsof Solar Forum(2001年4月21-25日,华盛顿)中所述的。另外在J.G.Huddleston等人的Chem.Commun.,1998年,第1765-1766页中提到了离子液体作为用于分离物质的萃取剂的应用。
当使用离子液体时,它们的纯度非常重要。离子液体中的杂质会例如对化学反应过程产生不利影响。因此,P.Teisen等人在ElectrochemicalSociety Proceedings,第99-41卷第161-168页中提及了当在液相加氢反 应中和在由过渡金属催化的Suzuki反应中采用含氯离子的离子液体时的问题,这些问题可以归因于杂质。因此,在离子液体的制备中对所需液体的纯度提出了高要求。
[A]+[Y]-型二元离子液体的合成可以例如通过两步法来进行(J.S.Wilkes,M.J.Zaworotko,J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun.,1992年,第13卷,第965页)。这里,首先通过烷基化试剂LX和胺NR1R2R3或膦(phosphans)PR1R2R3发生季碱化反应形成有机铵盐[NR1R2R3R]+X-或有机磷 盐[PR1R2R3R]+X-。X-一般为卤离子。分离所述有机卤盐,在随后的第二反应步骤中将其与M+[Y]-型碱金属盐或碱土金属盐进行交换反应。这在溶剂中进行,其中生成的副产物M+X-是微溶的,而待合成的离子液体[A]+[Y]-是易溶的。
这些合成反应的一个缺点是用于形成所需离子液体[NR1R2R3R]+[Y]- 或[PR1R2R3R]+[Y]-的卤盐[NR1R2R3R]+X-或[PR1R2R3R]+X-的定量交换只有在所述交换条件下当反应体系中完全不含水时才能实现。这些卤离子可充当催化剂毒物,例如当在由过渡金属催化的反应中使用所述离子液体时。此外,该方法具有初始制备的卤盐高度吸湿的缺点。
EP 1182197描述了一种制备通式[A]n +[Y]n-离子液体的方法,其中采用上述方法并且不分离所述中间产物。
EP 1182196描述了一种通过借助通式R’-SO4-R”的焦硫酸盐进行母体胺类、膦类(phosphine)、咪唑类、吡唑类、三唑类或嘧啶类的烷基化反应和随后用阴离子[Y]-或[Y]2-置换硫酸根阴离子R’-SO4 -或R”-SO4 -而制备通式[A]n +[Y]n -离子液体的方法。
在Peter Wasserscheid和Tom Welton出版的Ionic Liquids inSynthesis(2003年,Wiley-VCH,第2章,第7-17页)描述了其他合成离子液体的路线。它们基本上包括采用银盐使离子液体的卤离子沉淀,然而其由于经济原因是不利的。通过在树脂上的离子交换而制备离子液体的费用同样昂贵,并且实施起来困难。此外,离子交换树脂的使用需要对所述树脂进行再生。最后,通过用水洗涤置换离子液体中的卤离子以使其改 性(这同样是已知的)只限于不能与水混溶的疏水性离子液体,但它们往往是例外。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于改性或制备离子液体的通用方法,其不具有上述缺点,并且可以以高纯度和作为直接工艺产物得到产物。
该目的的实现是从对离子液体的改性开始的:所述离子液体含有磷 和/或铵阳离子作为阳离子和选自卤离子、芳基磺酸根类、烷基磺酸根类、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、烷基硫酸根类、碳酸氢根、碳酸根、三氟甲烷磺酸根类(triflate)和羧酸根类的阴离子。在本发明的方法中,这些离子液体随后在第一工艺步骤中与醇盐或氢氧化物反应,从而得到强碱性离子液体,以及在随后的第二工艺步骤中用酸中和所述强碱性离子液体。
根据本发明,措辞“离子液体的改性”一般理解为离子液体中阴离子的交换(替换)。
用在本发明方法中的待改性的离子液体优选为易于制备的。因而合适的离子液体优选具有通式(I):
[Q+]n[Z]n-(I)
其中
n=1、2、3或4,和
-具有通式[NR1R2R3R]+的季铵阳离子,
-具有通式[PR1R2R3R]+的磷 阳离子,
-具有下列通式的咪唑 阳离子,
具有下列通式的H-吡唑鎓阳离子
以及3H-吡唑鎓阳离子、4H-吡唑鎓阳离子、1-吡唑啉鎓阳离子、2-吡唑啉鎓阳离子和3-吡唑啉鎓阳离子,
-具有下列通式的吡啶鎓阳离子
以及哒嗪鎓、嘧啶鎓和吡嗪鎓阳离子,
具有下列通式的吡咯烷鎓阳离子
-含有至少一个磷或氮原子和非必要的氧或硫原子的五元到至少六元杂环阳离子,例如噻唑鎓、噁唑鎓、1,2,4-三唑鎓或1,2,3-三唑鎓阳离子;优选含有至少一个五元或六元杂环的化合物,所述杂环含有一个、两个或三个氮原子和硫或氧原子,特别优选含有一个或两个氮原子的化合物,
-具有下列通式的三唑阳离子,
其中三唑环可以被选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、氨基-C1-C6烷基、C5-C12 芳基或C5-C12芳基-C1-C6烷基的至少一个基团取代,
-具有下列通式的喹啉 阳离子
以及其中存在这些阳离子的低聚物和聚合物,其中基团R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9各自独立地为氢、C1-C18烷基、C6-C12芳基、 C5-C12环烷基、可以被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔的C2-C18烷基、或者五元或六元含氧、氮和/或硫的杂环或者其中两者一起形成不饱和的、饱和的或芳族的环,所述环可以被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔,其中提到的每一个基团可以被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代。
存在于本发明方法中用作原料的待改性的所述离子液体中的阳离子优选为杂环阳离子,特别优选为咪唑 、吡啶 或磷 阳离子,特别是咪唑 阳离子,尤其是1,3-取代的咪唑 阳离子,例如1,3-二甲基咪唑 、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑 、1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑 、1-异丙基-3-甲基咪唑 、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑 、1-甲基-3-戊基咪唑 、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑 、1-庚基-3-甲基咪唑 、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑 、1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑 、1-甲基-3-苄基咪唑 、1-甲基-3-(3-苯基丙基)咪唑 、1-(2-乙基)己基-3-甲基咪唑 、1-甲基-3-壬基咪唑 、1-甲基-3-癸基咪唑 、1,2,3-三甲基咪唑 、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑 或1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑
用在本发明方法中的离子液体含有阴离子[Z]n-,其为无机或有机质子酸HnA的部分或完全脱质子的阴离子,其中n为正整数并表示阴离子上的电荷。
在本发明方法中待改性的离子液体的阴离子[Z]n-选自卤离子、芳基磺酸根类、烷基磺酸根类、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、烷基硫酸根类、碳酸氢根、碳酸根、烷基碳酸根、三氟甲烷磺酸根类和羧酸根类。优选与所用的醇盐或氢氧化物的阳离子一起形成微溶性盐的阴离子[Z]n-。
在本发明方法的第一工艺步骤中,将上述待改性的离子液体与氢氧化物、碳酸氢盐、碳酸盐、羧酸盐或醇盐反应。这样形成具有通式(II)的强碱性离子液体:
[Q+]n[X]n-(II)
其中,
[X]n-=OH-、碳酸氢根HCO3 -、碳酸根CO3 2-、羧酸根和醇盐离子。
所述强碱性离子液体的阴离子的对应酸的pKs优选大于1.9,特别优选大于3,特别地大于4,尤其大于7。
优选选择所用的氢氧化物、碳酸氢盐、碳酸盐、羧酸盐或醇盐的阳离子以使得在第一工艺步骤中由该阳离子与所述阴离子[Z]n-一起形成的盐在所用溶剂中微溶和发生沉淀。合适的阳离子例如为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子和铵阳离子,特别优选为Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+、NH4 +、Ca2+、Ba2+和Mg2+,特别是Li+、Na+、K+和Ba2+,尤其是K+、Na+和Ba2+。
如果在本发明方法的第一工艺步骤中使用醇盐,则所述醇盐离子优选选自醇盐离子RO-,其中R=C1-C18烷基、C6-C12芳基和C5-C12环烷基。所述醇盐离子特别优选选自叔丁醇盐离子、正丁醇盐离子、异丙醇盐离子、正丙醇盐离子、异丁醇盐离子、乙醇盐离子、甲醇盐离子、正戊醇盐离子、异戊醇盐离子、2-乙基己醇盐离子、2-丙基庚醇盐离子、壬醇盐离子、辛醇盐离子、癸醇盐离子和上述醇盐离子的异构体。特别地,该醇盐离子选自叔丁醇盐离子、异丙醇盐离子、乙醇盐离子和甲醇盐离子。该醇盐离子特别优选选自叔丁醇盐离子或甲醇盐离子。
如果在本发明方法的第一工艺步骤中使用羧酸盐,则所述羧酸盐优选选自乙酸盐、丙酸盐、苯甲酸盐、正丁酸盐、异丁酸盐和新戊酸盐。
如果在本发明方法的第一工艺步骤中使用氢氧化物,则所述氢氧化物优选为氢氧化钡。
如果将本发明方法中待改性的离子液体与醇盐反应,则该反应优选在醇类溶剂中进行。合适的醇类溶剂例如为叔丁醇、异丁醇、异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、正丁醇、正丙醇、正戊醇、异戊醇、2-乙基己醇、2-丙基庚醇、壬醇、辛醇、异构体混合物以及上述醇的和混合物。特别优选叔丁醇、异丙醇、乙醇和甲醇。非常特别优选叔丁醇和甲醇。
然而,所述反应也可以在常规溶剂中进行,例如醚,如甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、二噁烷或甘醇二甲醚;丙酮、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、氯仿、二氯甲烷、二乙基乙酰胺、二乙基酮、甲乙酮、二甲基脲或胺类如三乙胺、吡啶或吡咯烷。
该反应也可以在上述醇类和常规溶剂的混合物中进行,只要它们能够相互混溶。如果合适的话,在第一工艺步骤中的所述反应也可以直接在所述醇盐或氢氧化物中进行,只要其是液体。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,使用在第二工艺步骤中用于向所述离子液体中引入所需阴离子的酸作为第一工艺步骤中的溶剂。在该实施方案中,优选省去在第二工艺步骤中添加所述酸。
如果将在本发明方法中待改性的离子液体与氢氧化钡反应,则该反应优选在作为溶剂的水中反应。然而,也可以使用上面讨论的常规溶剂,如果合适的话与水混合。
当使用含有硫酸根阴离子或硫酸氢根阴离子的离子液体作为原料时,由于可形成微溶的BaSO4,特别优选使用氢氧化钡。对于氢氧化钡,优选使用Ba(OH)2·8H2O。
在本发明方法中所述待改性的离子液体与所述醇盐或氢氧化钡的反应在优选5~100℃、特别优选10~90℃、特别是30~85℃的温度下进行。所述反应时间优选为1~16小时,特别优选为30分钟~3小时,特别是10分钟~2小时。由于氢氧化钡在所用的大多数溶剂中仅仅适度溶解,因此优选在将被引入所述离子液体中的阴离子[A]n-的对应酸的存在下进行采用氢氧化钡的根据本发明的反应。特别优选在这种情况下使用1当量的所述对应酸,从而最初形成更加容易溶解的混合钡盐,和随后使其与所述待改性的离子液体反应。
当使用氢氧化钡或混合钡盐时,所述离子液体可以通过将其添加到氢氧化钡或混合钡盐的溶液中而反应。作为选择,也可以将所述氢氧化钡或混合钡盐置于反应容器中,并加入所述待改性的离子液体,如果合适的话,作为在水和/或上述的常规溶剂之一中的溶液。
在第一工艺步骤中,所述待改性的离子液体与所述醇盐或与氢氧化钡的反应可以形成微溶的沉淀物,例如当使用这些金属的醇盐和含有卤离子的离子液体时为碱金属卤化物或碱土金属卤化物,当使用氢氧化钡和含有硫酸根离子或硫酸氢根离子的离子液体时为硫酸钡。由于这个原因,在第 一工艺步骤之后如果必要,可以分离出沉淀的固体。
如果合适的话,可以在第二工艺步骤之前分离在第一工艺步骤中得到的离子液体[Q+]n[X]n-。
在本发明方法的第二工艺步骤中,用酸[H+]n[A]n-中和得到的强碱性离子液体。适合该目的的酸的pKs低于阴离子[X]n-的对应酸的pKs。
用于该目的的可能的酸为布朗斯特酸和路易斯酸。在Hollemann-Wiberg主编的Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie(第91-100版,Berlin New York的Walter de Gruyter出版社,1985年出版,第235和239页)中给出了布朗斯特酸和路易斯酸的定义。用于本发明目的的路易斯酸同样包括George A.Olah在Friedel-Crafts and Releated Reactions(1963年,第1卷,第191-197、201和284-90页)中所述的用作Friedel-Crafts催化剂的路易斯酸。可以提到的实例为三氯化铝(AlCl3)、氯化铁(III)(FeCl3)、三溴化铝(AIBr3)和氯化锌(ZnCl2)。
一般的,根据本发明使用的路易斯酸含有元素周期表Ib、IIb、IIIa、IIIb、IVa、IVb、Va、Vb、VIb、VIIb和VIII族金属的阳离子形式和稀土,例如镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱或镥。
可以特别提及的是锌、镉、铍、硼、铝、镓、铟、铊、钛、锆、铪、铒、锗、锡、钒、铌、钪、钇、铬、钼、钨、锰、铼、钯、钍、铁、铜和钴。优选为硼、锌、镉、钛、锡、铁和钴。
所述路易斯酸的可能的抗衡离子为F-、Cl-、Cl-、ClO3 -、ClO4 -、Br-、I-、IO3 -、CN-、OCN-、SCN-、NO2 -、NO3 -、HCO3 -、HCO3 -、CO3 2-、S2-、SH-、HSO3 -、SO3 2-、HSO4 -、SO4 2-、S2O2 2-、S2O4 2-、S2O5 2-、S2O6 2-、S2O7 2-、S2O8 2-、H2PO2 -、H2PO4 -、HPO4 2-、PO4 3-、P2O7 4-、二硫代氨基甲酸根、水杨酸根、(OCnH2n+1)-、(CnH2n-1O2)-、(CnH2n-3O2)-和(Cn+1H2n-2O4)2-,其中n为1~20,甲烷磺酸根(CH3SO3 -)、三氟甲烷磺酸根(CF3SO3 -)、甲苯磺酸根(CH3C6H4SO3 -)、苯磺酸根(C6H5SO3 -)、氢氧根(OH-),芳族酸例如苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸等的阴离子,以及1,3-二羰基化合物。
另外提到羧酸根,特别是甲酸根、乙酸根、三氟乙酸根、丙酸根、己酸根和2-乙基己酸根,硬脂酸和草酸根,乙酰丙酮化物、酒石酸根、丙烯酸根和甲基丙烯酸根,优选甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根、草酸根、乙酰丙酮化物、丙烯酸根和甲基丙烯酸根。
其他可能的路易斯酸为具有通式BR’n(OR”)m的含硼化合物,其中n=0、1、2、3和m=3-n,其中R’和R”各自独立地为氢、C1-C18烷基、C6-C12芳基、C5-C12环烷基、可以被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔的C2-C18烷基、或者五元或六元含氧、氮和/或硫的杂环或者其中两者一起形成不饱和的、饱和的或芳族环,所述环可以被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔,其中提到的每一个基团可以被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代。基团R’也可以彼此相连。
除了上述AlCl3、FeCl3、AlBr3和ZnCl2之外,优选的路易斯酸的实例为BeCl2、ZnBr2、ZnI2、ZnSO4、CuCl2、CuCl、Cu(O3SCF3)2、CoCl2、CoI2、FeI2、FeCl2、FeCl2(THF)2、TiCl4(THF)2、TiCl4、TiCl3、ClTi(OiPr)3、SnCl2、SnCl4、Sn(SO4)、Sn(SO4)2、MnCl2、MnBr2、ScCl3、BPh3、BC13、BBr3、BF3·OEt2、BF3·OMe2、BF3·MeOH、BF3·CH3COOH、BF3·CH3CN、B(CF3COO)3、B(OEt)3、B(OMe)3、B(O/Pr)3、PhB(OH)2、PhB(OR)2(其中R=H、烷基)、3-MeO-PhB(OH)2、4-MeO-PhB(OH)2、3-F-PhB(OH)2、4-F-PhB(OH)2、(C2H5)3Al、(C2H5)2AlCl、(C2H5)AlCl2、(C8H17)AlCl2、(C8H17)2AlCl、(isoC4H9)2AlCl、Ph2AlCl、PhAlCl2、Al(acac)3、Al(O/Pr)3,Al(OnBu)3、Al(OsecBu)3、Al(OE)3、GaCl3、ReCl5、ZrCl4、NbCl5、VCl3、CrCl2、MoCl5、YCl3、CdCl2、CdBr2、SbCl3、SbCl5、BiCl3、ZrCl4、UCl4、LaCl3、CeCl3、Er(O3SCF3)、Yb(O2CCF3)3、SmCl3、SmI2、B(C6H5)3和TaCl5。
所述路易斯酸也可以通过碱金属卤化物或碱土金属卤化物例如LiCl或NaCl来稳定。为了这个目的,将所述碱金属卤化物或碱土金属卤化物以0~100∶1的摩尔比与所述路易斯酸混合。
其他合适的酸例如为氢碘酸(HI)、氢氟酸(HF)、盐酸(HCl)、硝酸(HNO3)亚硝酸(HNO2)、氢溴酸(HBr)、碳酸(H2CO3)、甲基碳酸(HO(CO)OCH3)、乙基碳酸(HO(CO)OC2H5)、正丁基碳酸、硫酸(H2SO4 -)、硫酸氢根(HSO4 -)、甲基硫酸(HO(SO2)OCH3)、乙基硫酸(HO(SO2)OC2H5)、磷酸(H3PO4)、磷酸二氢根(H2PO4 -)、甲酸(HCOOH)、乙酸(CH3COOH)、丙酸、正丁酸和异丁酸、特戊酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸、苯基乙醇酸、甲磺酸和三氟甲烷磺酸。
其他合适的酸可以源自选自下面的阴离子[A]n-
下式的卤化物离子、含卤素化合物离子和类卤化物离子:
Br-、BF4 -、PF6 -、AlCl4 -、A12Cl7 -、FeCl4、BCl4 -、SbF6 -、AsF6 -、ZnCl3 -、SnCl3 -、CF3SO3 -、(CF3SO3)2N-、CF3CO2 -、CCl3CO2 -、CN-、SCN-、OCN-
具有下列通式的硫酸根类、亚硫酸根类和磺酸根类:
SO4 2-、HSO4 -、SO3 2-、HSO3 -、RaOSO3 -、RaSO3 -
具有下列通式的磷酸根类:
PO4 3-、HPO4 2-、H2PO4 -、RaPO4 2-、HRaPO4 -、RaRbPO4 -
具有下列通式的膦酸根类(phosphonate)和次膦酸根类(phosphinate):
RaHPO3 -、RaRbPO2 -、RaRbPO3 -
具有下列通式的磷酸根类:
PO3 3-、HPO3 2-、H2PO3 -、RaPO3 2-、RaHPO3 -、RaRbPO3 -
具有下列通式的亚膦酸根类(phosphonite)和次膦酸根类(phosphinite):
RaRbPO2 -、RaHPO2 -、RaRbPO-、RaHPO-
具有下列通式的羧酸根类:
RaCOO-
具有下列通式的硼酸根类:
BO3 3-、HBO3 2-、H2BO3 -、RaRbBO3 -、RaHBO3 -、RaBO3 2-、 [BRaRbRcRd]-
具有下列通式的硼化物:
RaBO2 2-、RaRbBO-
具有下列通式的碳酸根类和碳酸酯离子:
HCO3 -、CO3 2-、RaCO3 -
具有下列通式的硅酸根类和硅酸酯离子:
SiO4 4-、HSiO4 3-、H2SiO4 2-、H3SiO4 -、RaSiO4 3-、RaRbSiO4 2-、RaRbRcSiO4 -、HRaSiO4 2-、H2RaSiO4 -、HRaRbSiO4 -
具有下列通式的烷基硅烷盐和芳基硅烷盐:
RaSiO3 3-、RaRbSiO2 2-、RaRbRcSiO-、RaRbRcSiO3 -、RaRbRcSiO2 -、RaRbSiO3 2-
具有下列通式的酰亚氨离子、二(磺酰基)亚氨离子和磺酰亚氨离子:
具有下列通式的烷醇离子和芳醇离子
RaO-,
复合金属离子,如Fe(CN)6 3-、Fe(CN)6 4-、MnO4 -、Fe(CO)4 -、亚硝酸根、硝酸根、二氰胺离子,
其中基团Ra、Rb、Rc各自独立地为C1-C18烷基、C6-C12芳基、C5-C12 环烷基、可以被一个或多个不相邻的氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔的C2-C18烷基、或者五元或六元含氧、氮和/或硫的杂环或者其中两者一起形成不饱和的、饱和的或芳族环,所述环可以被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔,其中提到的基团可以分别被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代。
其他合适的酸可以源自选自下面的阴离子[A]n-:
具有通式[BRdReRfRg]-的四取代硼酸根,其中Rd~Rg各自独立地为氟或含碳的有机、饱和或不饱和、无环或环状的、脂族、芳族或芳脂族的基团,所述基团具有1~30个碳原子并可以含有一个或多个杂原子和/或被一个或多个官能团或卤素取代;
-具有通式[PFx(CyF2y+1-zHz)6-x]-的(氟代烷基)氟代磷酸根,其中1≤x≤6,1≤y≤8和0≤z≤2y+1;
-具有下列通式的甲基化物:
其中Rh~Rj各自独立地为氢或含碳的有机、饱和或不饱和、无环或环状、脂族、芳族或芳脂族基团,所述基团具有1~30个碳原子并可以含有一个或多个杂原子和/或被一个或多个官能团或卤素取代;
-酰亚氨阴离子-CO-N--CO-、磺酰氨阴离子-SO2-N-SO2-和混合的羰基磺酰亚氨-SO2-N--CO-。
阴离子[A]n-中的电荷“n-”为“1-”、“2-”或“3-。二价负电荷阴离子的实例如硫酸根、磷酸氢根和碳酸根。三价负电荷阴离子的实例如磷酸根。
可以向所述离子液体[Q+]n[X]n-中通过化学计量或滴定计量加入所述酸至对应酸-碱对的等当点的pH值。然而,在其他实施例中,可以使用过量或不足量的酸。因此,分别基于离子液体[Q+]n[X]n-,所述酸的量可以为0.5~1.5当量,优选为0.8~1.2当量,特别优选为0.9~1.1当量,特别是1.0当量。
如果将本发明方法中待改性的离子液体与醇盐反应,则在中和反应中生成对应的醇。在本发明方法的一个优选实施方案中,当使用醇盐时在中和反应中生成的醇因此在中和反应之后通过蒸馏除去。
第二工艺步骤中的中和反应优选在-10~100℃、特别优选0~90℃、特别是10~60℃的温度下进行。所述反应时间优选为1~16小时,特别优选为30分钟~3小时,特别是10分钟~2小时。
如果合适的话,本发明方法中的第一和/或第二工艺步骤可以在保护气体如氮气、惰性气体或二氧化碳中进行。
本发明的方法可以连续或间歇地进行。
本发明的方法可以在本领域熟练技术人员已知的任何适合装置中进行。合适的装置例如为Kirk-Othmer,Encyclopedia of ChemicalTechnology,第四版,第20卷,John Wiley&Son’s,New York 1996,第1040~1055页中所述的常用装置,如搅拌釜式反应器、环管反应器、气体循环反应器、泡罩塔反应器或管式反应器,如果合适的话,它们分别可以配有用于移走反应热的辅助设施。所述反应也可以在多个(例如两个或三个)上述装置中进行。
就本发明而言,术语“官能团”指的是可以与碳原子或杂原子连接的基团。可举出的实例为-OH(羟基)、=O(特别是作为羰基)、-NH2(氨基)、=NH(亚氨基)、-COOH(羧基)、-CONH2(酰氨基)、-CN(氰基)。官能团和杂原子也可以直接相邻,从而也包括多个相邻原子的组合,如-O-(醚)、-S-(硫醚)、-COO-(酯)、-CONH-(仲酰氨)或-CONR-(叔酰氨)。
本发明的方法例如适合用于制备通式[Q+][BR’n(OR”)m -]的离子液体,其中n=1、2、3和m=4-n。
本发明同样提供通式[Q+][BR’n(OR”)m -](其中n=1、2、3和m=4-n)的离子液体。这里,R’和R”各自独立地为氢、C1-C18烷基、C6-C12芳基、C5-C12环烷基、可以被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔的C2-C18烷基、或者五元或六元含氧、氮和/或硫的杂环或者其中两者一起形成不饱和的、饱和的或芳族环,所述环可以被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔,其中提到的基团可以分别被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子 和/或杂环取代。基团R’也可以彼此相连。
阳离子[Q+]优选具有上述阳离子结构之一。
阳离子[Q+]特别优选为N,N-二烷基咪唑 阳离子。
在一个优选实施方案中,具有通式[Q+][BRn(oR”)m -]的离子液体含有阴离子[BPh30R'],其中R’具有上述含义之一。
就本发明而言,可以被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代的Cl-C18烷基例如为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、2,4,4-三甲基戊基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、苄基、1-苯基乙基、2-苯基乙基、α,α 二甲基苄基、二苯甲基、对甲苯基甲基、1-(对丁基苯基)乙基、对氯苄基、2,4--.氯苄基、对甲氧基苄基、间乙氧基苄基、2-氰基乙基、2-氰基丙基、2-甲氧羰基乙基、2-乙氧羰基乙基、2-丁氧羰基丙基、1,2-二(甲氧羰基)乙基、2-甲氧基乙基、2-乙氧基乙基、2-丁氧基乙基、二乙氧基甲基、二乙氧基乙基、1,3-二氧戊环-2-基、1,3-二氧杂环已烷-2-基、2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基、4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基、2-异丙氧基乙基、2-丁氧基丙基、2-辛氧基乙基、氯甲基、2-氯乙基、三氯甲基、三氟甲基、1,1-二甲基-2-氯乙基、2-甲氧基异丙基、2-乙氧基乙基、丁基硫代甲基、2-十二烷基硫代乙基、2-苯基硫代乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、2-羟基乙基、2-羟基丙基、3-羟基丙基、4-羟基丁基、6-羟基己基、2-氨基乙基、2-氨基丙基、3-氨基丙基、4-氨基丁基、6-氨基己基、2-甲基氨基乙基、2-甲基氨基丙基、3-甲基氨基丙基、4-甲基氨基丁基、6-甲基氨基己基、2-二甲基氨基乙基、2-二甲基氨基丙基、3-二甲基氨基丙基、4-二甲基氨基丁基、6-二甲基氨基己基、2-羟基-2,2-二甲基乙基、2-酚基乙基、2-苯氧基丙基、3-苯氧基丙基、4-苯氧基丁基、6-苯氧基己基、2-甲氧基乙基、2-甲氧基丙基、3-甲氧基丙基、4-甲氧基丁基、6-甲氧基己基、2-乙氧基乙基、2-乙氧基丙基,3-乙氧 基丙基、4-乙氧基丁基或6-乙氧基己基,以及
可以被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔的C2-C18烷基例如为5-羟基-3-氧杂戊基、8-羟基-3,6-二氧杂辛基、11-羟基-3,6,9-三氧杂十一烷基、7-羟基-4-氧杂庚基、11-羟基-4,8-二氧杂十一烷基、15-羟基-4,8,12-三氧杂十五烷基、9-羟基-5-氧杂壬基、14-羟基-5,10-氧杂十四烷基、5-甲氧基-3-氧杂戊基、8-甲氧基-3,6-二氧杂辛基、11-甲氧基-3,6,9-三氧杂十一烷基、7-甲氧基-4-氧杂庚基、11-甲氧基-4,8-二氧杂十一烷基、15-甲氧基-4,8,12-三氧杂十五烷基、9-甲氧基-5-氧杂壬基、14-甲氧基-5,10-氧杂十四烷基、5-乙氧基-3-氧杂戊基、8-乙氧基-3,6-二氧杂辛基、11-乙氧基-3,6,9-三氧杂十一烷基、7-乙氧基-4-氧杂庚基、11-乙氧基-4,8-二氧杂十一烷基、15-乙氧基-4,8,12-三氧杂十五烷基、9-乙氧基-5-氧杂壬基或14-乙氧基-5,10-氧杂十四烷基。
如果两个基团可以形成环,那么这些基团可以一起为1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、2-氧杂-1,3-亚丙基、1-氧杂-1,3-亚丙基、2-氧杂-1,3-亚丙基、1-氧杂-1,3-亚丙烯基、1-氮杂-1,3-亚丙烯基、1-C1-C4烷基-1-氮杂-1,3-亚丙烯基、1,4-丁二烯-1,3-二基、1-氮杂-1,4-丁二烯-1,3-二基或2-氮杂-1,4-丁二烯-1,3-二基。
对氧和/或硫原子和/或亚氨基基团的数目没有任何限制。一般地,在所述基团中存在不超过5个、优选不超过4个、非常特别优选不超过3个这些原子或基团。
此外,在两个杂原子之间一般存在至少一个碳原子,优选在两个杂原子之间存在至少两个碳原子。
取代的和未取代的亚氨基可以例如为亚氨基、甲基亚氨基、异丙基亚氨基、正丁基亚氨基或叔丁基亚氨基。
其他官能团为羧基、酰氨基、羟基、二(C1-C4烷基)氨基、C1-C4烷氧基羰基、氰基或C1-C4烷氧基,
可以被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代的C6-C12芳基例如为苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、α-萘基、α-萘基、 4-联苯基、氯苯基、二氯苯基、三氯苯基、二氟苯基、甲基苯基、二甲基苯基、三甲基苯基、乙基苯基、二乙基苯基、异丙基苯基、叔丁基苯基、十二烷基苯基、甲氧基苯基、二甲氧基苯基、乙氧基苯基、己氧基苯基、甲基萘基、异丙基萘基、氯萘基、乙氧基萘基、2,6-二甲基苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2,6-二甲氧基苯基、2,6-二氯苯基、4-溴苯基、2-或4-硝基苯基、2,4-或2,6-二硝基苯基、4-二甲基氨基苯基、4-乙酰基苯基、甲氧基乙基苯基或乙氧基甲基苯基,
可以被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代的C5-C12环烷基例如为环戊基、环己基、环辛基、环十二烷基、甲基环戊基、二甲基环戊基、甲基环己基、二甲基环己基、二乙基环己基、丁基环己基、甲氧基环己基、二甲氧基环己基、二乙氧基环己基、丁基硫代环己基、氯代环己基、二氯代环己基、二氯代环戊基或者饱和的或不饱和的二环体系,如冰片基(norbornyl)或降冰片烯基(norbornenyl)。
五元或六元含氧、氮和/或硫的杂环,例如为呋喃基、苯硫基、吡咯基、吡啶基、吲哚基、苯并 唑基、二氧环戊烯基(dioxolyl)、羟基氧基(dioxyl)、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、二甲基吡啶基、甲基喹啉基、二甲基吡咯基、甲氧基呋喃基、二甲氧基吡啶基、二氟代吡啶基、甲硫基苯基、异丙硫基苯基或叔丁硫基苯基,以及
C1-C4烷基,例如为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
优选R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9各自独立地为氢、甲基、乙基、正丁基、2-羟基乙基、2-氰基乙基、2-(甲氧羰基)乙基、2-(乙氧羰基)乙基、2-(正丁氧羰基)乙基、苄基、乙酰基、二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基和氯。
就本发明而言,杂原子原则上可以为所有可替代-CH2-、-CH=、C≡或=C=基团的杂原子。如果含碳基团含有杂原子,优选为氧、氮、硫、磷和硅。优选的基团特别地为-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NR-、-N=、-PR-、-PR2 和-SiR2-,其中基团R分别为所述含碳基团的余下部分。
本发明还提供了含有至少一种离子液体、并通过上述方法得到的溶液。
本发明还提供了含有至少一种具有下列通式(II)离子液体的溶液:
[Q+]n[X]n- (II)
其中[X]n-=OH-、OR-,其中R=C1-C18烷基,C6烷基、C5-C12环烷基、HCO3 -、CO3 2-,所述溶液通过使含有磷 和/或铵阳离子作为阳离子和选自卤离子、芳基磺酸根类、烷基磺酸根类、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、烷基硫酸根类、碳酸氢根、碳酸根、三氟甲烷磺酸根类和羧酸根类的阴离子的离子液体与醇盐或氢氧化物反应而得到。
本发明同样提供了一种用于通过引入几乎任何阴离子而制备离子液体的通用方法。这里,首先制备离子液体的醇盐或氢氧化物,随后可以借助于几乎任何酸使其质子化,并以这种方式为其提供阴离子。本发明的该方法适合于制备大量不同的离子液体。与至今为止公知的方法相比,实施本发明方法的费用不昂贵。
将通过下面的实施例阐述本发明。
实施例
EMIM=乙基甲基咪唑
BMIM=丁基甲基咪唑
I.根据本发明的实验(醇盐方法)
1.EMIM醋酸盐的制备
将92.6g(0.825mol)的叔丁醇钾于60℃溶解在1000ml正丁醇中。随后将该溶液冷却到RT,将120.9g(0.825mol)熔融的EMIM氯化物(m.p.约为85℃)流入该溶液中。立即生成KCl的沉淀。在RT下再搅拌该反应混合物3小时,然后过滤。用正丁醇洗涤沉淀物。得到747.2g具有强碱性(pH 14)的滤出液。用0.5M HCl滴定滤出液的试样。据此,在滤出液中存在0.666mol的EMIM叔丁醇盐。为了中和该EMIM叔丁醇盐,然后向滤出液中加入化学计量量为49.5g(0.825mol)的冰醋酸。在降低的压力条件下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯对残留的油状物进行萃取以除去痕量的任何 过量醋酸,并在70℃、高真空的条件下干燥。得到133.7g(0.785mol)的EMIM醋酸盐。产率为95.2%。氯含量为0.52%,水含量为0.04%。
2.EMIM甲苯磺酸盐的制备
将185.2g(1.65mol)的叔丁醇钾于60℃溶解在2000ml正丁醇中。随后将242.0g(1.65mol)熔融的EMIM氯化物(m.p.约为85℃)流入该溶液中。立即生成KCl的沉淀物。在60℃下再搅拌该反应混合物30分钟,然后过滤。用正丁醇洗涤沉淀物。为了中和该EMIM叔丁醇盐,然后向滤出液中加入对甲苯磺酸。然后在降低的压力条件下除去溶剂。残留的油的 1H NMR谱表明其含有EMIM甲苯磺酸盐以及25%的过量对甲苯磺酸和正丁醇、叔丁醇。
3.EMIM醋酸盐的制备
首先于RT向反应容器中加入119.6g(0.3mol)EMIM氯化物作为乙醇中36.8%浓度的溶液。随后将97.1g(0.3mol)的21%浓度乙醇钠溶液流入该溶液中。立即生成NaCl的沉淀物。在RT下再搅拌该反应混合物30分钟,然后过滤。用乙醇洗涤沉淀物。得到183.5g强碱性(pH 14)的滤出液。用0.5M HCl滴定滤出液的试样。据此,在滤出液中存在0.271mol的EMIM乙醇盐。为了中和该EMIM乙醇盐,然后向滤出液中加入化学计量量为16.26g(0.271mol)的冰醋酸。然后在降低的压力条件下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯对残留的油状物进行萃取以除去痕量的任何过量醋酸,并在50℃、高真空的条件下干燥。得到41.3g(0.24mol)的EMIM醋酸盐。基于EMIM乙醇盐的产率为90%。氯化物含量为5.6%,水含量为0.29%。
4.BMIM醋酸盐的制备
于60℃向100.0g(0.309mol)的21%浓度乙醇钠溶液中加入53.9g(0.309mol)的BMIM氯化物。立即生成NaCl的沉淀物。在60℃下再搅拌该反应混合物2小时,然后过滤。用乙醇洗涤沉淀物。得到268.3g强碱 性(pH 14)的滤出液。用0.5M HCl滴定滤出液的试样。由此得出,在滤出液中存在0.2233mol的BMIM乙醇盐。为了中和该BMIM乙醇盐,向滤出液中加入化学计量量为13.2g(0.221mol)的冰醋酸。然后在降低的压力条件下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯对残留的油进行萃取以除去痕量的任何过量醋酸,并在50℃、高真空的条件下干燥。得到41.9g(0.21mol)的BMIM醋酸盐。基于BMIM乙醇盐的产率为95%。氯化物含量为0.59%。
5.通过碱性离子液体与路易斯酸反应制备离子液体
将9g(0.08mol)的叔丁醇钾于60℃溶解在100ml正丁醇中。冷却到RT之后,以熔体形式添加11.7g(0.08mol)的EMIM Cl。在RT下再搅拌该混合物3小时,然后过滤出沉淀的KCl,并用正丁醇洗涤沉淀物。得到97.9g的母液,根据用0.5M HCl的滴定,该母液含有0.076mol的丁醇盐,对应该步骤中的产率为95%。将18.5g(0.076mol)的三苯基硼溶解在100ml正丁醇盐中。随后向该三苯基硼溶液中滴加97.9g EMIM丁醇盐的丁酸溶液。观察到放热反应。滴加完成之后,在降低的压力下除去溶剂。这样留下30.8g的离子液体,对应95%的产率。根据1H NMR,该离子液体为EMIM三苯基正丁氧基硼酸盐。最初使用的叔丁醇盐在用作溶剂的过量正丁醇中已经转化成正丁醇盐。1H NMR谱(CDCl3)形式在7.5ppm(m,6H,o-Ph-H),7.25ppm(1H,N-CH-N),7.0(m,6H,m-Ph-H),6.9(m,3H,p-Ph-H),6.35ppm(s,1H,N-CH-CH-N),6.25ppm(s,1H,N-CH-CH-N),3.62(t,2H,OCH2CH2CH2CH3),3.4(q,2H,CH3CH2N),2.95ppm(s,3H,N-CH3),1.5(m,2H,OCH2CH2CH2CH3),1.4(m,2H,OCH2CH2CH2CH3),1.05(t,3H,CH3CH2N),0.9(t,3H,OCH2CH2CH2CH3)处的对应信号。在硼NMR中,可以在约-0.5ppm处观察到硼酸盐的信号。因此不再存在任何游离的三苯基硼,其信号应位于67ppm处。所述离子液体的熔点为99℃,在醋酸乙酯中重结晶后为105℃。
II.根据本发明的实验(钡法)
1.EMIM醋酸盐的制备
将220.8g(0.72mol;仍然含有过量的H2SO4)的EMIM HSO4溶解在600ml水中。在RT下,30分钟内每次少量地加入523.8g(1.66mol)的Ba(OH)2·8H2O。将温度升高到60℃,再搅拌该混合物2个小时。隔夜冷却,采用硅藻土作为助滤剂,在吸滤器上滤出沉淀的BaSO4。得到995.4g滤出液,根据用0.5M HCl的滴定,该滤出液含有0.65mol的EMIM OH。加入43.5g(0.72mol)的冰醋酸。在旋转蒸发器上除去水,并用乙酸乙酯对残留的油进行萃取。为了除去痕量的水,将该油与正丁醇混合,随后在降低的压力下蒸馏出来。得到108.3g(0.636mol)的EMIM醋酸盐。基于EMIM OH的产率为98%。基于EMIM HSO4的产率为88%。根据1HNMR,该油为离子液体EMIM醋酸盐。氯化物含量为180ppm,硫含量为160ppm,钡含量为650ppm,而水含量为0.68%。
2.EMIM醋酸盐的制备
将453.5g(1.441mol)的Ba(OH)2·8H2O悬浮在600g水中。将悬浮液加热到80℃。钡盐在约80℃下熔融,于是以在水中的乳液形式存在。向该乳液中滴加220.8g(0.72mol;含有过量的H2SO4)的EMIM HSO4,导致温度上升到100℃。尽管存在沉淀的BaSO4,该悬浮液仍然保持可容易搅动。在80℃下搅拌2小时之后,滤出液不含有硫酸根(硫酸根负离子测试)。冷却后,采用硅藻土作为助滤剂,在吸滤器上滤出沉淀的BaSO4。将滤出液与43.5g的冰醋酸(0.72mol)混合。在旋转蒸发器上除去水。用乙酸乙酯对残留的油进行萃取。在降低的压力条件下干燥,得到113.3g(0.67mol)的EMIM醋酸盐。产率为92%。氯化物含量为60ppm,而水含量为0.67%。
3.EMIM醋酸盐的制备
将403.8g(1.28mol)的Ba(OH)2·8H2O与76.9g(1.28mol)的冰醋 酸和350g水一起在75℃下置于反应容器中,得到溶液。向该溶液中滴加266.5g(1.28mol)的EMIM HSO4,导致温度上升到86℃。尽管存在沉淀的BaSO4,该悬浮液仍然保持可容易搅动。冷却后,将该混合物再搅拌90分钟,采用硅藻土作为助滤剂,在吸滤器上滤出沉淀的BaSO4。将滤出液在旋转蒸发器上蒸发。通过加入正丁醇并将其再次蒸馏出来而使残留物干燥。1H NMR谱表明得到纯的EMIM醋酸盐。
4.EMIM磷酸二氢盐的制备
将237.57g(1.0mol;仍然含有过量的H2SO4)的EMIM HSO4溶解在600ml水中。在RT下,于30分钟内每次少量地加入473.3g(1.5mol)的Ba(OH)2*8H2O。将温度升高到60℃,并对混合物再搅拌2小时。隔夜冷却,采用硅藻土作为助滤剂,在吸滤器上滤出沉淀的BaSO4,并用水洗涤。得到1320.5g滤出液,根据用0.5M HCl的滴定,该滤出液含有0.93mol的EMIM OH。加入115.3g(1.0mol)85%浓度的磷酸。在旋转蒸发器上除去水。残留物(202.8g=0.975mol)为熔点140℃的白色固体。基于EMIM
HSO4的产率为98%。根据1H NMR,该固体为EMIM磷酸二氢盐。氯化物含量为550ppm,而水含量为1.4%。
5.EMIM糖精的制备
将315.5g(1.0mol)的Ba(OH)2·8H2O和186.9g(1mol)的糖精在75℃下一起悬浮在1000ml水中。在30分钟内向该混合物逐滴加入208.2
g(1.0mol)的EMIM HSO4,导致该悬浮液流动性更好。再搅拌30分钟之后,该滤出液不含有硫酸根(硫酸根负离子测试)。采用硅藻土作为助滤剂,在吸滤器上滤出沉淀的BaSO4,并用水洗涤。在旋转蒸发器上除去水。残留物(在降低的压力下干燥之后285g=0.971mol)为固体,根据 1H NMR谱,该固体为EMIM糖精。水含量为0.3%。产率为97%。EMIM糖精的熔点约为150℃。
6.EMIM硼酸二氢盐的制备
将631g(2.0mol)的Ba(OH)2·8H2O和123.6g(2mol)的硼酸在60℃下一起悬浮在500ml水中。在60分钟内向该混合物滴加416.4g(1.0mol)的EMIM HSO4。为了提高可搅动性,再加入500g水。采用硅藻土作为助滤剂,在吸滤器上滤出沉淀的BaSO4,并用水洗涤。在旋转蒸发器上除去水和添加的正丁醇。残留物(在降低的压力下干燥之后247.2g=1.44mol)为固体,根据1H NMR谱,该固体含有EMIM阳离子。产率为72%。EMIM硼酸二氢盐的熔点约为40℃。
7.EMIM氰脲酸盐的制备
将315.5g(1.0mol)的Ba(OH)2·8H2O和129.1g(1mol)的氰脲酸在60℃下一起悬浮在500ml水中。在35分钟内向该混合物逐滴加入208.2g(1.0mol)的EMIM HSO4。在再搅拌8个小时之后,冷却该混合物。采用硅藻土作为助滤剂,在吸滤器上滤出沉淀的BaSO4。在旋转蒸发器上除去水和添加的正丁醇。残留物(在降低的压力下干燥之后197.5g=0.825mol)为固体,根据1H NMR,该固体含有EMIM阳离子。氯化物含量为0.23%。产率为83%。EMIM氰脲酸盐的熔点约为161℃。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于将离子液体改性的方法,所述离子液体含有N,N-二烷基咪唑鎓阳离子作为阳离子和选自硫酸根、硫酸氢根和烷基硫酸根类的阴离子,其中将所述离子液体随后在第一工艺步骤中与Ca2+、Ba2+或Mg2+的氢氧化物反应,从而得到强碱性离子液体,在第二工艺步骤中用酸中和所述强碱性离子液体。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在第一工艺步骤之后分离出沉淀的固体。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中在第二工艺步骤中,用酸中和所述强碱性离子液体至对应于对应酸-碱对的等当点的pH值。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中第一工艺步骤中的反应在5~100℃的温度下进行。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中第二工艺步骤中的反应在-10~100℃的温度下进行。
6.具有通式[Q+][BR’n(OR”)m -]的离子液体,其中[Q+]为N,N-二烷基咪唑鎓阳离子,n=1、2、3和m=4-n,其中R’各自独立地为C6-C12芳基,R”各自独立地为氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
7.如权利要求6所述的离子液体,其中R’为苯基和n=3。
8.含有至少一种如权利要求6或7所述的离子液体的溶液。
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- 2005-01-26 AT AT05701193T patent/ATE510826T1/de active
- 2005-01-26 WO PCT/EP2005/000752 patent/WO2005070896A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-01-26 KR KR1020067014957A patent/KR101222321B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-01-26 JP JP2006550090A patent/JP4980726B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2005-01-26 CN CN2005800032232A patent/CN1914181B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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ATE510826T1 (de) | 2011-06-15 |
CN1914181A (zh) | 2007-02-14 |
EP1711472B1 (de) | 2011-05-25 |
JP4980726B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
US7858802B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
EP1711472A1 (de) | 2006-10-18 |
ES2365347T3 (es) | 2011-09-30 |
KR20060128948A (ko) | 2006-12-14 |
US20110065926A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
JP2007518772A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
DE102004003958A1 (de) | 2005-08-11 |
KR101222321B1 (ko) | 2013-01-16 |
WO2005070896A1 (de) | 2005-08-04 |
US20070142646A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
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