CN1853508B - 有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强抗氧化能力的组合物 - Google Patents
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强抗氧化能力的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1853508B CN1853508B CN2006100752579A CN200610075257A CN1853508B CN 1853508 B CN1853508 B CN 1853508B CN 2006100752579 A CN2006100752579 A CN 2006100752579A CN 200610075257 A CN200610075257 A CN 200610075257A CN 1853508 B CN1853508 B CN 1853508B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可以有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物,其包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1、B2、B3、B6、B9、B12、C和E。所述组合物可以有效改善受到损伤的肝功能、保护和治疗因过饮或慢性酒精摄取而引起的肝损伤、促进酒后酒精代谢并降低血液酒精浓度、加强体内抗氧化能力。本发明还涉及以所述组合物作为有效成分的发酵乳食品、饮料和保健食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物,尤其涉及有效改善已降低的肝功能、保护和治疗因过饮或慢性酒精摄取而引起的肝损伤、降低酒后血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力,从而防止肝疾病并改善肝功能的组合物。所述组合物包括短乳杆菌HY7401(Lactobacillus brevis HY7401)、发酵乳杆菌CS332(Lactobacillus fermentum CS332)、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG(Lactobacillusacidophilus CSG)、长双歧杆菌HY8001(Bifidobacterium longum HY8001)、赤杨提取物(alder tree extract)、夏枯草提取物(Selfheal extract)、水飞蓟提取物(milk thistle extract)、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁(turnipextract)、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物(broccoli extract)、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱以及维生素B1、B2、B3、B6、B9、B12、C和E。
背景技术
氧是地球上含量最多的元素,占所有元素的(53.8%),干燥空气中的21%是氧气。氧气被多数动物吸收后转化成能量。氧气虽然是人类维持生存所必不可少的元素,但也会对生命造成致命毒性。氧的Janus样的性质由氧的分子状态所决定。最稳定的基态三线态氧的氧分子才对维持生命起作用。但当处于稳定状态的氧分子因为受到体内酶系、还原代谢、化学药品、污染物及光化学反应等各种物理、化学及环境因素的影响而转换成高反应性自由基的反应性氧(ROS),诸如超氧化物自由基(O2 ·)、羟基自由基(HO·)、过氧化氢(H2O2)及单线态氧(1O2)之类时,会使体内引起严重疾病。例如,ROS可以和构成细胞的物质如脂质、蛋白质、糖及DNA核酸等进行反应并破坏细胞中的这些物质,成为引起老化和各种疾病,包括脑中风及帕金森病等的脑疾病,心脏病、缺血、动脉硬化等的心血管疾病,皮肤病损伤,炎症,类风湿性关节炎及自免疫疾病等各种疾病的原因。脂质过氧化反应所生成的体内脂质过氧化物也会对细胞进行氧化破坏并引起各种功能障碍,导致老化之类的各种疾病。尤其是当摄取药物、毒物或酒精等氧化性物质时,会引起体内发生氧化反应,导致对肝脏的损坏,严重时达到肝硬化的程度。
肝脏是人体内最大的器官,在代谢中起着重要作用。肝在体内的几个功能包括解毒、储存肝糖和合成血浆蛋白。血液中包含了各种重要的蛋白质,而其中的90%左右是在肝内生成的。肝还具有解毒作用并担任免疫器官的角色。进入人体的各种药物和有害物质在肝内被转换成破坏性较低的物质后,通过尿或胆汁排出体外。肝内具有称为枯否氏细胞(kupffer cell)的巨噬细胞,该细胞可以清除血液中的任何微粒状污染物,如细菌、毒素及异物。
由于肝具有前述各种重要功能,因此肝功能受到较重的伤害时将衍生出各种问题。然而肝的再生力也非常强大,切除了75%的肝,4-6个月后就能恢复原来的大小和功能。
肝病根据致病原因可分为由病毒感染引起的病毒性肝病、由过度摄取酒精而引起的酒精性肝病、由药物引起的毒性肝病,由脂肪积累而引起的脂肪肝、由人体免疫系统异常而引起的自身免疫性肝病、以及由毒性物质积累过多而引起的代谢性肝病等。
最普遍的慢性肝病之一是由B型肝炎病毒导致的肝炎,C型则呈增加趋势。此外,虽然病例比病毒性肝病少,但是近来由于常年饮酒而引起的酒精性肝病增加了很多。
从临床及病理学观点来说,酒精性肝病可以分为脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎及酒精性肝硬化症等。在常年饮酒的人中有90-100%的人会得酒精性脂肪肝,10-35%的人得酒精性肝炎,8-20%的人得酒精性肝硬化症。
酒精主要在由消化道器官吸收,被吸收到体内的酒精中有10%会通过肺、尿及汗排出体外,其余的90%在肝里进行代谢。通过血液进入肝脏的酒精,被肝脏生成的各种酶,诸如醇脱氢酶、微粒体乙醇氧化系统、过氧化氢酶(Alcohol Dehydrogenase,Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system,Catalase)等氧化成乙醛,乙醛再被酶氧化成对人体无害的醋酸。酒精也能被肠里的众多微生物氧化成乙醛。最近的研究结果表明,肠内乳酸菌可以把乙醇转换成乙醛,再把乙醛转换成醋酸,不仅可以抑制对酒精和乙醛的吸收处理,还可以保护肝脏。由于并不是所有的乳酸菌都具有这种功能,因此开发出具有这种能阻止吸收乙醇和乙醛,并保护肝脏功能的乳酸菌变得很重要了。开发这种乳酸菌时需要注意的是,这些乳酸菌应该在人体的肠内容易寄生并增殖。由于乳酸菌具有宿主特异性,因此针对人体的乳酸菌必须来源于人体才能在人体里存活并发挥应有的效果。
作为酒精氧化后生成的代谢产物,乙醛是反应性很强的毒性物质,与蛋白质结合后可以降低酶活性、增加脂质过氧化作用而损伤线粒体、降低谷胱甘肽量、减少吡多辛、维生素A、锌及硒等物的数量,是妨碍微管蛋白聚合并对蛋白质的分泌和转运起着抑制作用而使肝受损的主要致病因子。乙醛生成的自由基可以促进肝的胶原蛋白合成,而这是慢性酒精摄取者引起肝纤维化(肝硬化)的原因之一。
为了解决前述的众多问题,人们已经开发出包括酒精代谢抑制剂、酒精代谢促进剂及或醇脱氢酶的护肝产品或组合物,例如韩国专利号0178696公开了可以护肝及治疗肝病的医药物组合物,韩国专利公开号2001-0050333公开了可以解除宿醉并改善肝功能的生药饮料及其制造方法,韩国专利0345798公开了使用枳椇、赤杨及葛的提取物混合物制造的防宿醉功能性食品及其制造方法,韩国专利公开号2002-0021980公开了酒精代谢促进催化剂和肝障碍改善剂,韩国专利公开号2002-0004193公开了含有酒精吸收抑制剂的防宿醉和护肝的组合物,韩国专利公开号2003-0005127公开了以枳椇和赤杨的提取物为主要成分的保健食品(health food),此外还公开了很多专利。
韩国专利号0403720公开了从枳椇嫩枝分离出来的具有解除肝毒性、防宿醉及消除疲劳功能的低级醇的不溶性提取组分(fraction)、从该提取物中获得的多糖物质及含有该提取物的组合物。韩国专利号0403721公开了从枳椇分离出来的具有解除肝毒性及防宿醉功能的低级醇的不溶性提取组分、从该提取物组分中获得的多糖物质及含有所述提取物组分的组合物。韩国专利号0403722公开了含有从枳椇木质部分离出来且具有护肝活性的低级醇的不溶性提取物及从它分离出来的多糖物质和含有所述提取物的组合物。韩国专利公开号2004-0052930公开了防宿醉剂以及含有该防宿醉剂的组合物为有效成分的防宿醉剂等。然而前述专利主要用于解除了因饮酒过度而引起的宿醉,不是以预防为主的护肝及改善肝功能为改善物质预防手段。
截止目前,并没有公开基于短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁(turnip extract)、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E的组合物,该组合物具有促进肝脏功能(hepatostimulant)、保肝作用及促进肝细胞的再生功能(hepatogenerativeactivity)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种可有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的包含该组合物为有效成分的发酵乳食品。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种可有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的包含该组合物为有效成分的饮料食品。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种可有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的包含该组合物为有效成分的保健食品。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种可有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物,该组合物包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E。
本发明的一个方案提供了一种包含下述可有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物为有效成分的发酵乳食品,所述组合物包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E。
本发明的另一方案提供了一种包含下述可有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物为有效成分的功能饮料,所述组合物包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E。
本发明的方案提供了一种包含下述可有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物为有效成分的保健食品,所述组合物包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳进一步杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E。
附图说明
参照下述附图可更好地理解本发明优选实施方式的应用,其中类似和相应部分采用类似附图标记,其中:
图1是本发明组合物使试验动物血液酒精浓度下降的曲线图。
图2a是本发明组合物使慢性摄取酒精的试验动物AST水平下降的曲线图。
图2b是本发明组合物使慢性摄取酒精的试验动物ALT水平下降的曲线图。
图3a是本发明组合物刺激慢性摄取酒精的试验动物的GSH S-转移酶活性的曲线图。
图3b是本发明组合物通过使慢性摄取酒精的试验动物的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)失活而增进抗氧化能力的曲线图。
图3c是本发明组合物抑制慢性摄取酒精的试验动物的肝细胞内脂质过氧化的曲线图。
图4是本发明组合物使试验动物的醇脱氢酶活性增进的曲线图。
图5a是本发明组合物使人体内AST水平下降的曲线图。
图5b是本发明组合物使人体内ALT水平下降的曲线图。
图5c是本发明组合物使人体内γ-GTP水平下降的曲线图。
图6a是本发明组合物使人体内血液酒精浓度(第一次试验)下降的曲线图。
图6b是本发明组合物使人体内血液酒精浓度(第二次试验)下降的曲线图。
图7a是本发明组合物使人体内总抗氧化水平(TAS)增进的效果曲线图。
图7b是本发明组合物使人体内TBARS(硫代巴比妥酸反应物质)水平下降的曲线图。
发明详述
本发明涉及一种能有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物,该组合物包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E。
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物中所包含的短乳杆菌HY7401(韩国专利申请号:10-2003-0077488,保藏机构:韩国农业生命工学研究院(National Institute of AgriculturalBiotechnology,Korea),保藏号:KACC91069,保藏日:2003年10月06日)菌株是从韩国健康成人的粪便里分离出来的。该菌株的酒精(乙醇)脱氢酶和乙醛脱氢酶的活性很高,可以将肠所摄取的酒精(乙醇)转换成乙醛,进而转化成乙酸。由于该菌株可将肠内通过酒精(乙醇)生成的对肝有损伤的乙醛转换成对肝无毒的乙酸,从而可有效阻止酒精(乙醇)被吸收到肝脏中,由此可阻止因酒精过度代谢而引起的肝功能障碍、酒精性肝病及肠疾病等疾病的发生。
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物中所包含的发酵乳杆菌CS332(韩国专利申请号:10-2004-0098717,保藏机构:韩国农业生命工学研究院,保藏号:KACC91138,保藏日:2004年10月26日)也参与小肠酒精(乙醇)代谢,从而降低血液中的酒精和乙醛含量。因此,该菌可将小肠中的酒精氧化成无毒形式,从而抑制小肠对酒精的吸收,进而避免过量酒精进入肝脏进行分解。(Yang,W.Y.,Ahn Y.T.,Lim,K.S.,Huh,C.S.,Baek,Y.J.,and Kim,H.S.2004.Ethanol metabolismby probiotic lactic acid bacteria in vivo.Proceeding of 2004JOINT ANNUALMEETING.American Dairy Science Association,American Society ofAnimal Science,Poultry Science Association.p.384)。
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物中所包含的嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG和长双歧杆菌HY8001(韩国专利号:142615)可以抑制肝毒性物质四氯化碳对鼠肝的损伤,肝酶(AST和ALT)水平下降效果优于市售肝脏药。(韩松尔(HAN,Song E)、许哲成(HUH,Cheol Sung)、金东贤(KIM,Tong Hyun),Hepatoprotective effect of lactic acid bacteria,inhibitor of β-glucuronidase production against intestinal bacteria.ThePharmaceutical Society of Korea,Fall Academic Symposium Proceeding.2004(大韩唷学会秋季学术大会)2004)。
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物中所包含的赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物及萝卜汁的混合物具有保护肝脏并分解酒精的活性(命名为Y-MIX,韩国专利申请号:10-2004-0072213),并具有如下效果。
赤杨(Alnus japonica Steud.)是属于桦木科的落叶高树,生长在亚洲。据文献报道只有长在韩国的赤杨才能解除酒毒并保护肝脏。该树的提取物中的主要成分有丹宁酸(tannin)、蒲公英赛醇(taraxerol),一种三萜系化合物、桦木酸(betulinic acid)和精油(essential oil)。赤杨被认为是对肝炎、肝硬化及脂肪肝等各种肝病具有治疗作用的草药。
夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris var.lilacina Nakai)是在夏季果树枯萎了一半时进行采集的,晒干后可作为药材使用。该草药用于治疗慢性肿瘤、天花、急性乳腺炎及结核性淋巴腺病变等疾病。主要成分包括诸如齐墩果酸、熊果酸等的皂苷类和胡罗卜素、维生素C、维生素K、丹宁酸、咖啡酸以及绿原酸等[韩国有用植物资源研究纵览,韩国化学研究所,pp.第480-482页(1988)(Comprehensive bibliography on Korean Useful plant Resource,theKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology pp.480-482(1988)])。
水飞蓟(Silybum marianum L.Gaertn.)属于菊科(Genus SilybumAdans.),是一年或二年生植物,源产地为欧洲地中海地区、北非和中东,一直被广泛地用作药用植物。该植物可用于治疗肝疾病:肝中毒、慢性炎性肝病、病毒性肝炎和肝硬化。该植物的有效提取物为水飞蓟素(silymarin)。另一提取物水飞蓟宾(silybin)可用于治疗肝中毒。此外,水飞蓟的提取物还具有各种生理活性,包括可以增进蛋白质合成促进肝的再生、可以抑制肝损伤时生成的白细胞三烯(leukotriene)和引起炎症反应的前列腺素的生成,具有抗氧化作用、可以预防过度饮酒酒后用于解毒的必要成分谷胱甘肽的缺乏等。
本发明所采用的生豆-米糠发酵提取物是利用咖啡原豆(green coffeebeans)和米糠的混合物,在微生物的作用下发酵,并从发酵后的混合物中提取得到的。提取物包含了具有抗氧化作用并能清除反应性氧(ROS)的肌醇磷酸(inositol phosphate)和多酚,以及氨基酸和肽。由于具有抗氧化作用以及清除毒性氧的功能,该发酵提取物有助于防止DNA受损(致癌原因)、防止不饱和脂肪酸的过氧化、避免ACE的抑制而引起的高血压等。
萝卜(Brassica campestris L.var.rapifera)含有含硫化合物,含硫化合物包括异硫氰酸盐/酯(isothiocyanate)、二硫化物(disulfide)及萝葡硫素(sulforaphane)等。萝卜的辣味素异氰酸盐/酯(isocyanate)在很久以前就被视为抗癌成分,在动物试验中验证了对食道癌、肝癌、肺癌及大肠癌的预防效果。最近在韩国进行的动物试验中发现萝卜汁了可以减轻肝癌和肝硬化症状。
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物中所包含的西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物及菠萝提取物可以构成抗氧化的组合物(韩国专利申请号:10-2005-0009441),它们的性能描述如下。
西红柿(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)属于茄科(Solanaceae ornightshade family)的一种植物。源产地是南美西部高原地带,果实可以食用,民间用于治疗高血压、夜盲症及糖尿病等疾病。果实主要由95重量%的水组成,其余成分为蛋白质0.7重量%、脂肪脂质0.1重量%、碳水化合物3.3重量%、纤维素0.4重量%及灰分0.5重量%。每100g西红柿果实含有胡罗卜素390μg、维生素C20mg、维生素B10.05mg、维生素B20.03mg和维生素B6、钾、磷、锰、芦丁及烟酸等。此外还含有蕃茄红素、槲皮素(quercetin)、八氢蕃茄红素(phytoene)、六氢番茄烃(phytofluene)、环蕃茄红素(cyclolycopene)、水杨酸盐(salicylates)及番茄素(tomatine)之类的生理活性物质。尤其是,蕃茄红素(lycopene)的抗氧化能力大于类胡萝卜素和维生素E,而且还具有很好的抗癌活性,西红柿又是蕃茄红素的主要来源。据报道,美国人所摄取的蕃茄红素中多达80%来自西红柿或西红柿加工食品。槲皮素是一种黄酮类物质,可以阻止雄激素受体的表达,进而预防了前列腺癌。
花椰菜(Brass.ica oleracea var.italica Plenck)是cabbage family的一种植物,也被称为白花菜(cauliflower)。嫩芽和嫩茎可以食用。花椰菜是绿黄色蔬菜中营养最高的作物,每100g的花椰菜含有维生素C114mg、胡罗卜素1.9mg、钾164mg及钙150mg等。铁含量是其它蔬菜的两倍或两倍以上。花椰菜富含维生素C,其维生素C含量是柠檬的2倍,比土豆多7倍。此外,维生素A、维生素B1、B2和钾、磷及钙等矿物质含量与菠菜差不多。花椰菜内丰富的硫配醣体(glucosinolate)具有抗癌效果活性,根据报道,对于结肠癌的抑制效果优于卷心菜(cabbage)。最近的研究结果揭示花椰菜硫配醣体的酶解产物之一的萝葡硫素(sulforaphane)可以选择性地促进体内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性,发挥抗癌作用。
菠萝(Ananas comosus)是双子叶植物,属于order Farinales的凤梨科多年生植物,菠萝之意为“和松球相似的果实”。源产地是中美和南美北部,果实汁多,味道酸甜,蔗糖含量为1%、柠檬酸含量为1%左右。维生素A、B、C含量丰富,维生素C含量是所有果实中最多的一个,每100g中含有60mg维生素C。菠萝还含有称为菠萝蛋白酶的蛋白质酶,可以帮助肉类消化。菠萝蛋白酶可以分解血液凝结蛋白纤维蛋白和纤维蛋白原,而作为抗凝血剂。
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物内的甜菜碱所发挥的作用和胆碱(choline)、叶酸及维生素B12相似。这些化合物在肝脏内起着“甲基供体”的作用,携带并提供甲基(-CH3),帮助人体的生化作用。其中,甜菜碱的甲基供给作用在发挥正常肝功能、肝细胞增殖和清除毒素反应中发挥重要作用。摄取酒精会降低肝细胞脏内甲硫氨酸合成酶的活性,无法使甲硫氨酸代谢产物高半胱胺氨酸甲基化。因此,导致肝毒性物质高半胱胺氨酸的积累。甜菜碱可以降低血中高半胱胺氨酸的水平,尤其对饮酒所引起的脂肪肝症状的改善有效。甜菜碱含量丰富的食品有鱼类、甜菜及豆科植物等。
本发明组合物中的对于A型肝炎病毒感染具有抑制效果的初乳粉末是把通过干燥乳牛初乳而制得,其含有大量的A型肝炎病毒抗体的免疫球蛋白(韩国专利申请号:10-2004-0072212)。
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物所含维生素B族中的硫胺素(thiamin、B1)、核黄素(riboflavin、B2)、烟酸(niacin、B3)、叶酸(folic acid、B9)及钴胺素(cobalamin、B12)等在能量代谢中起着重要作用,能把食品中的营养物质转化成生物能量。维生素B族有抗压维生素的美称,当身体或精神疲劳时,它也是消耗最快的营养素。人类的身体为了抵抗外在压力而需要这些维生素,当为了抵抗外在压力而消耗完这些维生素时,还需要立即补充它们。缺乏维生素B族时,很容易引起疲劳、不安、脱发及指甲损伤等症状。其中维生素B6、维生素B12及叶酸等可以发挥出近似于甜菜碱的作用,降低血液中的毒性物质高半胱胺酸的含量,起到保肝作用。
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物中所包含的维生素C是一种抗氧化的水溶性维生素,缺乏它时会引起坏血病。此外,还可以防止癌症、精神分裂症、AIDS及紫癜等疾病。作为抗氧化剂,维生素C易于失去电子,可以为被氧化的酶或化合物提供电子。很多水果和蔬菜中都含有丰富的维生素C。
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物中所包含的维生素E是一种脂溶性维生素,它是一种重要的抗氧化剂。通常认为α-生育酚(α-tocopherol)是人体内维生素E最具活性的形式,是一种极有效的生物抗氧化剂。缺乏维生素E时将引起生殖能力减弱、肌肉无力、中枢及末稍神经的退化、心脏疾病的发生心肿瘤(heart tumor)及红血球膜脆化等疾病。患有囊胞性纤维症和吸收障碍疾病诸如Crohn’s病的患者的脂肪吸收存在障碍,需要补充维生素E。不能吸收脂肪的人会将油质随粪便排泄或患有慢性腹泻症。患有乙型脂蛋白缺损的患者需要补充维生素E。此外,当缺乏维生素E时,会染患异常β-脂蛋白血症、慢性胆汁郁积性肝病和小儿脂痢病等。
本发明中具有前述特性的短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1、B2、B3、B6、B9、B12及维生素C和E可以各种比例混合,但是考虑到改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度并以及加强体内抗氧化能力的药理作用及生产成本等因素后,在100重量%的总组合物中,短乳杆菌HY7401为0.001重量%-0.1重量%,以0.01重量%为较佳;发酵乳杆菌CS332为0.001重量%-0.1重量%,以0.01重量%为较佳;嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG为0.001重量%-0.1重量%,以0.01重量%为较佳;长双歧杆菌HY8001为0.001重量%-0.1重量%,以0.01重量%为较佳;赤杨提取物为32重量%-36重量%,以35重量%为较佳;夏枯草提取物为38重量%-42重量%,以40重量%为较佳;水飞蓟提取物为0.1重量%-0.8重量%,以0.5重量%为较佳;生豆-米糠发酵提取物为1重量%-2.5重量%,以2重量%为较佳;萝卜汁为0.1重量%-0.2重量%,以0.16重量%为较佳;西红柿提取物为0.8重量%-1.5重量%,以1重量%为较佳;花椰菜提取物为0.1重量%-0.5重量%,以0.3重量%为较佳;菠萝提取物为0.15重量%-0.25重量%,以0.2重量%为较佳;初乳粉末为3.0重量%-4.0重量%,以3.5重量%为较佳;甜菜碱为4.5重量%-5.0重量%,以4.8重量%为较佳;复合维生素预混料为2.0重量%-3.0重量%,以2.35重量%为较佳%,以及水为3.85重量%-18.24重量%,以10重量%为较佳。
此时,在100重量%的总组合物中,如果短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG及长双歧杆菌HY8001中每一种的含量低于0.001重量%,就难以在人体肠内繁殖;如超过了0.1重量%,就会增加生产成本。因此,短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG及长双歧杆菌HY8001的每一种含量优选维持在0.001重量%-0.1重量%的范围内。
在100重量%的总组合物中,赤杨提取物的优选含量为32重量%-36重量%。如果赤杨提取物含量低于32重量%,降低血液酒精浓度的效果就会降低;如超过了36重量%,就会影响口味,且颜色变黑,还会增加生产成本。
在100重量%的总组合物中,如果夏枯草提取物含量低于38重量%,抗氧化效果会降低;如果超过了42重量%,就会影响口味,且颜色变黑,还会增加生产成本,因此夏枯草提取物的含量优选维持在38重量%-42重量%的范围内。
在100重量%的总组合物中,如果水飞蓟提取物低于0.1重量%,则肝功能改善效果和抗氧化效果就会降低;如果超过了0.8重量%,就会影响口味,还会增加生产成本,因此水飞蓟提取物含量优选维持在0.1重量%-0.8重量%的范围内。
在100重量%的总组合物中,如果生豆-米糠发酵提取物含量低于1.0重量%,抗氧化效果就会降低;如果超过了2.5重量%,就会增加生产成本。因此,生豆-米糠发酵提取物含量优选维持在1.0重量%-2.5重量%的范围内。
在100重量%的总组合物中,萝卜汁含量优选维持在0.1重量%-0.2重量%的范围内。如果萝卜汁含量太低,就不会产生肝细胞的再生作用;如果太高,就会影响口味,还就会增加生产成本。
在100重量%的总组合物中,如果西红柿提取物含量低于0.8重量%,抗氧化效果就会降低;超过了1.5重量%,就会增加生产成本。因此,西红柿提取物的含量优选维持在0.8重量%-1.5重量%的范围内。
在100重量%的总组合物中,如果花椰菜提取物含量低于0.1重量%,抗氧化效果就会降低;如果超过了0.5重量%,就会增加生产成本。因此,花椰菜提取物的含量优选维持在0.1重量%-0.5重量%的范围内。
在100重量%的总组合物中,如果菠萝提取物的含量低于0.15重量%,抗氧化效果就会降低;如果超过了0.25重量%,就会增加生产成本。因此,菠萝提取物的含量优选维持在0.15重量%到-0.25重量%的范围内。
在100重量%的总组合物中,如果初乳粉末含量低于3.0重量%,就会难以抑制A型肝炎病毒的感染;如果超过了4.0重量%,就会增加生产成本。因此,初乳粉末的含量优选维持在3.0重量%-4.0重量%的范围内。
在100重量%的总组合物中,如果甜菜碱含量低于4.5重量%,则损伤肝细胞的再生能力降低;如果超过了5.0重量%,就会增加生产成本。因此,甜菜碱的含量优选维持在4.5重量%-5.0重量%的范围内。
在100重量%的总组合物中,如果复合维生素预混料含量低于2.0重量%,则肝细胞毒性物质的清除能力和抗氧化活性就会降低;如果超过了3.0重量%,就会影响其口味,还会增加生产成本。因此,复合维生素预混料含量优选维持在2.0重量%-3.0重量%的范围内。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步详细说明,下列实施例只是举例说明本发明,并不能因此限制本发明的权利要求范围。
实施例1
有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物的制备
于37℃下,在含有示蛋白胨(Proteose peptone)#3、酵母膏、牛肉膏和葡萄糖的肉汤中培养短乳杆菌HY7401,培养约16个小时,离心培养基,收集细菌,用灭菌后的生理盐水洗涤细菌后悬浮到灭菌乳中,然后冷冻干燥,每克(g)冷冻干燥粉末可以得到约1011cfu的菌量。
发酵乳杆菌CS332的培养方法和前述短乳杆菌HY7401相同,每克(g)冷冻干燥粉末可以得到约1011cfu的菌量。
嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG的培养方法和前述短乳杆菌HY7401相同,每公克(g)冷冻干燥粉末可以得到约1011cfu的菌量。
在含有示蛋白胨#3、酵母膏、牛肉膏、葡萄糖和L-半胱氨酸的肉汤中培养长双歧杆菌HY8001,每克(g)冷冻干燥粉末可以得到约1011cfu的菌量。
将干燥赤杨的木质部及树皮100g投入1000g水中,在100℃下煎煮1-5小时,用5μm滤器过滤提取液,得到赤杨提取物500g。
将干燥的夏枯草50g投入1000g水中,在100℃下煎煮1-5小时,再用400目滤器过滤提取液,得到夏枯草提取物600g。
粉末状的水飞蓟提取物是市售品(TGS,Japan),类黄酮总含量为80重量%-95重量%,水飞蓟宾含量为28重量%-32重量%;液态的生豆-米糠发酵提取物也是市售品(Toyo Hakko,Japan);液态的萝卜汁(34Brixo°至36Brixo°)也是市售品[KangHwa Product.Co.Ltd.((株)江华名品)]。
将西红柿果实100g和100g水混合,用搅拌机搅碎,用棉布过滤后得到西红柿液125g,经喷雾干燥后,得到西红柿提取物4.5g。
将半熟的花椰菜100g和水100g混合后,用搅拌机搅碎后静置2小时,然后用棉布过滤,得到花椰菜滤液100g,冷冻干燥后得到1.8g的花椰菜提取物。
将冷水清洗后的菠萝100g切成片,然后与100g水混合,再用搅拌机搅碎,用棉布过滤后得到菠萝提取物100g,经喷雾干燥后,最后得到菠萝提取物4.5g。
初乳粉末是购自Culture system korea公司。当用蒸馏水稀释50,000倍时,初乳粉显示的HAV(A型肝炎病毒)特异性IgG的滴度为在490nm处的光密度1-1.7。
本发明组合物采用的市售无水甜菜碱(DANISCO,芬兰)的纯度为99重量%到100重量%。
本发明组合物所采用的维生素是市售的复合维生素预混料(DSM,新加坡)。复合维生素预混料包含:盐酸硫胺素(B1)0.6933重量%、核黄素(B2)0.6312重量%、烟酰胺(B3)6.1265重量%、吡多醇盐酸盐(B6)0.9982重量%、叶酸(B9)0.1461重量%、维生素B120.5065重量%、抗坏血酸钠(维生素C)56.4972重量%、维生素E25.1558重量%、麦芽糊精9.2452重量%。
按照以下含量混合组合物中的各组分,所述含量是基于有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物的总重量而混合:短乳杆菌HY7401为0.01重量%、发酵乳杆菌CS332为0.01重量%、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG为0.01重量%、长双歧杆菌HY8001为0.01重量%、赤杨提取物为35重量%、夏枯草提取物为40重量%、水飞蓟提取物为0.5重量%、生豆-米糠发酵提取物为2重量%、萝卜汁为0.16重量%、西红柿提取物为1重量%、花椰菜提取物为0.3重量%、菠萝提取物为0.2重量%、初乳粉末为3.5重量%、甜菜碱为4.8重量%、复合维生素预混料为2.5重量%以及纯净水为10重量%。
通过与常用载体或赋形剂相混合,本发明的组合物可用于制备各种功能饮料、发酵食品及保健食品等。
实施例2
基于有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物的发酵乳食品的制备
包括有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物以及混合果汁露的发酵乳食品的制备如下。
首先,制备乳酸菌培养液。将原料奶95.36重量%和脱脂乳粉(或混合的干乳粉)4.6重量%混合,搅拌,得到混合物,该混合物在15℃时的比重为1.0473~1.0475,可滴定酸度为0.200~0.220%、pH为6.65~6.70,在20℃下Brix°为16.3~16.5%。然后将该混合物进行UHT处理(在135℃下处理2秒钟),再冷却到40℃。随后接种分别为0.02重量%的嗜热链球菌和乳糖分解酶(Valley laboratory,USA),培养6小时。在BCP培养基中,所获得的乳酸菌总量为1.0×109cfu/ml或更多,可滴定酸度为0.89~0.91%,pH为4.55~4.65。
混合果汁露的制造方法是在30~35℃下,搅拌中混合如下组分:果糖玉米糖浆10~15重量%、白糖3~5重量%、红糖3~5重量%、混合果汁浓缩液(56Brix°)10~15重量%、果胶0.1~1.0重量%、鲜果混合香精(freshfruit mix essence)0.05~0.15重量%以及纯净水58.85~73.85重量%,对得到的混合物进行UHT处理(在135℃下处理2秒钟),然后冷却。
将乳酸菌培养液35~50重量%、有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物5.5~7.0重量%、以及混合果汁露43.0~59.5重量%进行混合,在150bar的压力下进行均质化,然后冷却到10℃或10℃以下,就制成了有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的发酵乳食品。
实施例3
基于有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物的功能饮料的制备
包括有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物以及混合果汁露的功能饮料的制备如下。
混合果汁露的制造方法是在30~35℃下,搅拌中混合如下组分:果糖玉米糖浆10~15重量%、白糖3~5重量%、红糖3~5重量%、混合果汁浓缩液(56Brix°)10~15重量%、果胶0.1~1.0重量%、鲜果混合香精0.05~0.15重量%以及纯净水58.85~73.85重量%,对得到的混合物进行UHT处理(在135℃下处理2秒钟),然后冷却。
将混合果汁露43.0~59.5重量%、有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物5.5~7.0重量%、以及纯净水33.5~51.5重量%混合,并且在150bar的压力下进行均质化,然后冷却到10℃或10℃以下。将所得溶液用玻璃瓶及塑料瓶等容器进行包装。
实施例4
基于有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物的保健食品的制备
本发明的有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物可以单独制成制剂或与药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体联合制成片剂、胶囊等制剂。
以前述组合物为基础,如下制备有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的保健食品。
在65℃下对本发明的有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物进行巴氏灭菌15分钟,之后冷却,然后分成预定数量后,立即冻干、粉碎成粉,封装成销售产品。
试验例1:血液酒精含量的降低
本发明试验例所使用的试验动物是出生5周的Sprague-Dawley(SD)系雄性大鼠(Daehan Biolink Co.,Ltd.)。进行试验之前,先在室温25±1℃、相对湿度50±5%的条件下,用固形饲料(CJ Co.)饲养该大鼠一周。
通过给予本发明有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物,利用以下动物试验确定血液酒精含量下降的效果。
本发明的有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物以5ml/kg B.W.口服给药2周,对照组给予磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水(PBS)5ml/kg B.W.,口服给药2周。各组分别有5只试验动物。在试验的第15天,分别为对照组投入磷酸缓冲盐溶液5ml/kg B.W.,为组合物组投入本发明的有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物5ml/kg B.W.,30分钟后,以4g/kg B.W.的剂量,分别对试验组和对照组口服给予22%酒精溶液。给予酒精一定时间后,用类肝素处理的毛细管从尾静脉抽取100μL的血液。向血液中加入1ml二氯甲烷(Sigma),并强烈搅拌。处理少量无水硫酸钠处理以除去水分,过滤,分析血液中的酒精含量。以固定的时间间隔,采集给予酒精后的血液。通过气相色谱法(Hewlett Packard HP6890,GC)测量血液中的酒精含量。气相色谱仪上配有氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),利用自动进样器(HP G1512A)注入血样,流动相为氮气,气相色谱柱是DB-Wax(30m×0.25mm×0.15μm;Agilent)。定量分析时的条件为:注射器温度为200℃,柱温采取程序升温,以10℃/min的速度从55℃升至70℃,在55℃时保持2分钟,在70℃保持4分钟。内标物为乙酸乙酯。
图1示出了试验结果。如图1所示,本发明的有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物与对照组相比具有优异的降低血液酒精的能力。
试验例2:组合物对慢性酒精摄取时的护肝效果
将之前饲养了1周的实验动物分成对照组、酒精组、以及组合物组,每组有6只大鼠。对照组和酒精组都口服给予PBS(5ml/kg B.W.)2周,组合物组则口服给予本发明的有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物(5ml/kg B.W.),同时对酒精组和组合物组都给予22%的酒精溶液(3g/kg B.W.)。在试验的第14天最后给药后,所有组的试验动物都禁食24小时。在乙醚麻醉下沿腹部正中线切腹后,从腹部大动脉抽血,直至出血死亡。通过血液分析仪(Prime,BioSED)测量血样中的AST(天冬氨酸转氨酶)和ALT(丙氨酸转氨酶)水平,测量结果分别示于图2a和图2b中。
图2a和图2b清楚地显示,给予了有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物的组合物组与酒精组相比,AST及ALT水平明显降低,说明有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物具有对抗酒精的护肝效果。
试验例3:通过肝组织内GSH S-转移酶活性的增加以及SOD活性的降低表示抗氧化能力增强的组合物的抗氧化效果试验
依照前述试验例2的方式给药后,然后使大鼠流血致死。使用4℃生理盐水灌注死亡的试验动物的肝脏,以清除残余血液,然后摘除肝脏。将预定尺寸的肝组织加入4倍体积的0.25M蔗糖溶液(含0.5mM EDTA)中,然后在冰浴中,用玻璃和聚四氟乙烯匀质器进行均化。在600Xg下离心均质液10分钟,去除核及未磨碎的细胞器官。然后在10,000Xg下离心20分钟,去除线粒体部分。然后,在105,000Xg下超离心1小时,得到上清液(胞质部分)。利用该胞质部分检测谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSH S-转移酶)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。利用蛋白检测试剂盒(Protein assay kit,Bio-rad)检测胞质部分的蛋白质含量,来检测酶的活性。
GSH S-转移酶的活性检测如下:将10μL胞质部分和0.1M PBS(pH6.5)2.935ml、0.12M2-4CNDB(1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯)25μL及0.1M还原型谷胱甘肽30μL加以混合,在25℃温度下,以20秒为间隔,在340nm监测一个3分钟反应。用2,4-二硝基苯-谷胱甘肽的分子吸光系数(E mM/340nm=9.6mM-1cm-1)表示每毫克(mg)酶蛋白在1分钟内所生成的2,4-二硝基苯-谷胱甘肽的量,依此定义酶活性[Habig et al.J.Biol.Chem.249:7130-7139(1985)]。比较对照组和组合物的GSH S-转移酶活性,得出酶活性增加的百分率(%),结果示于图3a中。
如图3a所示,给予酒精时,与肝的解毒作用有关的谷胱甘肽转移酶(GSH S-转移酶)活性增加了,酒精组增加到113%,组合物组增加到122%,因此,给予组合物进一步增强了肝组织内抗氧化酶的活性。
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性测量如下:将50mM的Tris盐酸缓冲液(10mM EDTA,pH8.6)2.8ml和15mM的焦棓酸0.1ml的混合物在5℃下预培养5分钟,然后向其中加入胞质部分0.1ml。使所得的3.0ml溶液在25℃下反应10分钟,然后加入1N盐酸0.1ml结束反应。在440nm测量吸光率的变化。一个单位(unit)的酶活性定义为:能够抑制不存在SOD时15mM焦棓酸溶液发生自动氧化的50%的SOD的量(U/mg蛋白)[Marklund andMarklund.Eur.J.Biochem.47:469-474(1974)]。将对照组、酒精组以及组合物组的测量结果进行比较,结果显示于图3b。
如图3b所示,对照组的酶活性为3.6U/mg,组合物组为3.9U/mg,都远低于酒精组(5.2U/mg)。表明组合物促进了肝组织内的抗氧化能力,降低了肝细胞内过氧化物的水平。
肝组织内脂质过氧化物减少的试验
在肝均质液0.1ml中加入8.1%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)0.2ml、20%醋酸缓冲液(pH3.5)1.5ml及0.8%硫代巴比妥酸溶液1.5ml,再加入蒸馏水至溶液为4ml。使所得溶液在95℃下反应1小时。反应结束后冷却到室温,然后加入蒸馏水1ml和丁醇∶吡啶(15∶1)混合液5ml。在4,000rpm离心10分钟后,在532nm处测量吸光率。以1,1,3,3-四乙氧基丙烷作为标准物质制作标准曲线,根据该标准曲线,计算丙二醛(MDA)的浓度(nmol MDA/g肝脏)[Okawa et al.,Anal.Biochemistry.95:35-41(1979)]。图3c显示了对照组、酒精组以及组合物组的MDA浓度(nmol/g)。
如图3c所示,组合物组的MDA浓度(nmol/g)低于酒精组,这表示组合物组中肝组织内脂质过氧化物的生成得到了比酒精组更好的抑制。
试验例4:组合物对体内酒精代谢的促进
对前述试验例3中所制鼠肝的胞质部分中的醇脱氢酶活性进行测定。在含有2.5mM烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)的0.1M甘氨酸缓冲液(pH9.6)中加入乙醇使最终浓度成为25mM后,加入100μL的胞质部分,然后在25℃的温育水浴中开始反应。反应结束后,使用分光光度仪在25℃、340nm处测量吸光率,对还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)进行定量分析。醇脱氢酶活性则根据胞质部分的蛋白质(mg)及每反应时间生成的还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的量进行计算[Nosova et al.,Alcohol&Alcoholism.35:561-568(2000)]。图4显示了对照组、酒精组以及组合物组的醇脱氢酶活性。
如图4所示,组合物组的醇脱氢酶活性高于酒精组,证实了组合物组可以增进肝的酒精代谢功能。
试验例5:组合物对人体肝功能的改善效果
对18岁至60岁的志愿者进行身体功能测试,以选择身体条件满足并接受本试验的个体。
经过医疗检查和详细的肝功能检验,在AST为50或高于50(IU/L),ALT为45或高于45(IU/L)或γ-GTP为80或高于80(IU/L),感染了肝炎病毒(B或C)或没有感染的人群中最终选择了60名受试者进行改善肝功能的实验。
肝功能改善效果的试验如下。
将进行肝功能改善效果试验的60名受试者分成安慰剂组、阳性对照组及组合物组。安慰剂组、阳性对照组及组合物组分别在8星期内每天服用两次(早、晚)各自的试料(150ml)。将选择最终受试者时检查的肝功能指标(0星期)、给药4周后及8周后分别空腹抽取血液后检查的肝功能指标进行比较,确定肝功能的改善效果。2,500rpm下,将3ml全血离心10分钟,分离出血清后,使用生化自动分析仪(Hitachi7600-110,7170automaticanalyzer)测量血清中的肝功能指标,指标包括AST、ALT及γ-GTP(γ-谷氨酸转肽酶)。
适用于试验例5的试料如下:提供给各试验组的所有试料一律包装在完全相同的容器中,冷藏,然后送达各研究实验室。每个试验组试料都在研究负责人的管理下直接提供给受试者。试料外表相同,受试者无法区别它们。在制备安慰剂时,将前述组合物所包含的相同混合果汁浓缩液和高果糖玉米糖浆添加到纯净水中,在135℃下杀菌2秒钟,以使安慰剂与组合物的口味相近。至于阳性对照(肝功能改善剂),是通过将一瓶安慰剂与18.9ml Carduus marinus ext.悬浮液混合而制得(100ml混悬液中含有Carduus marinus ext.1.38g)。
使用SPSS/WIN12.0程序对试验数据进行统计学处理。利用独立样本t检验比较两个独立组的依变项的均数(the mean scores on a dependentvariable)。成对样本t检验比较两个变量的平均值。计算每例的两个变量的差异。用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)检验一次采用的变量表示的三个或多个均数是否相等。Bonferroni调整是用于统计后的分析。对于重复测试的数据,重复使用ANOVA,用Bonferroni法调整分析后的组间差异。
本发明组合物的人体肝功能改善效果的统计学分析数据示于图5a、5b和5c中。其中,图5a中,a,b:表示各组内不同字母之间有显著差异(p<0.05);图5b中,a,b,c:表示各组内不同字母之间有显著差异(p<0.05);图5c中,a,b:表示各组内不同字母之间有显著差异(p<0.05)。
如图5a、5b及5c所示,组合物组的肝功能指标(AST,ALT,γ-GTP)的水平降低了。尤其是AST水平(0周至8周的AST水平)被降低至市售肝脏药所达到的80%左右。
试验例6:组合物对人体血液酒精浓度的降低效果
测试人体内酒精代谢能力的受试者是没有先天性或慢性疾病,内科检查结果无疾病症状,且血清学检验、血清化学检验及尿检验等临床检查结果被认为合格的人。体内酒精代谢试验采取交叉试验方式,以随机方式把受试者26人分成安慰剂组-组合物组和组合物组-安慰剂组。在安慰剂组-组合物组中,13名受试者服用安慰剂2周,间歇3周后,再服用可以有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物2周;在组合物组-安慰剂组中,13名受试者服用组合物2周,间歇3周后,再服用安慰剂2周。
安慰剂组-组合物组、组合物组-安慰剂组分别在2周内每天服用两次(早、晚)各自的试料(150ml)。为了比较分析服用了安慰剂或组合物后的降低血液酒精浓度的效果差异,在服用试料之前和服用2周之后立刻分别空腹抽取血液一次并分析血液酒精浓度。第一次试验后,让受试者休息3周,然后用同一方法但更换角色的方式进行了第二次试验。在第一和第二次试验过程中,为了比较酒精代谢的效果,在第一次及第二次试验的最后一天,所有的受试者在一分钟内服用成分相同的酒精饮料(50ml,40%vol),为了查看每个人的血液酒精浓度变化,在临服用酒精之前至服用4小时的期间抽血8次(0分钟、20分钟、40分钟、60分钟、90分钟、120分钟、180分钟、240分钟),然后使用比色法分析比较了血液里的酒精浓度。为了使血液酒精浓度分析时抽血方便,采取导管导入肝素进行肝素化(heparinizedangio-catheter)的方式。
血液酒精浓度的分析步骤如下:血液酒精浓度的测量和计算使用了COBAS INTEGRA system(Integra400,Roche,Germany)。将2μL分离出来的血清样品在120μL R1缓冲液(缓冲试剂:300mmol/L 1,3-二氨基-2-羟基丙烷缓冲剂pH9.0)中的悬浮液与40μL的R2缓冲液(酶试剂:50mmol/L柠檬酸钠,36mmol/L NAD,和≥2000μ kat/L醇脱氢酶)混合,然后加蒸馏水使总量达到245μL。在378/409nm测量吸光率,并计算血液酒精浓度(%)。
利用SPSS/WIN12.0程序对血液酒精浓度的数据进行统计学处理,利用处理结果绘制图6a(*:p<0.05,用成对t-检验分析组内差异)和图6b(*:p<0.05,用成对t-检验分析组内差异)。
图6a和6b所示,在第一次和第二次试验中,有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物组的血液酒精浓度都比对照组的明显低。
试验例7:组合物对人体抗氧化能力的增进效果
组合物的人体抗氧化能力增进效果试验以试验例6的酒精代谢测试的受试者为受试者进行试验。安慰剂组-组合物组、组合物组-安慰剂组分别在2周内每天服用两次(早、晚)各自的试料(150ml)。为了比较分析服用了安慰剂或组合物后的抗氧化效果差异,在服用试料之前和服用2周之后立即分别空腹采取血样,然后分析其总抗氧化水平(TAS;total antioxidantstatus)和TBARS(硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质)。第一次试验后,让受试者间歇3周,然后用同一方法但更换角色的方式进行了第二次试验。
总抗氧化水平的分析如下:本分析使用了总抗氧化水平检测试剂盒(Randox Lab.Ltd.,UK),ABTS[2,2′-Azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazolinesulphonate)]与过氧化氢所激活的过氧化物酶(正铁肌红蛋白,metmyoglobin)而产生的正铁肌红蛋白自由基(ferryl myoglobin radical species)发生反应,生成了ABTS自由基阳离子,基于该ABTS自由基阳离子的吸光率测量值进行分析。使2μL血清样品在1ml色原体(chromogen)中的悬浮液在室温下反应1分钟,然后在600nm测量其吸光率(A1)。向该溶液中加入基质(substrate)溶液200μL,3分钟后在同一波长处再次测量吸光率(A2)。TAS浓度(mmol/L)的计算式如下:
A2-A1=ΔA(样品/标准/空白)
总抗氧化水平;
因子=标准品浓度/(ΔA空白-ΔA标准品)mmol/L
因此,TAS浓度=因子×(ΔA空白-ΔA样品)
脂质过氧化抑制能力的分析步骤如下:使用1,1,3,3-四甲氧基丙烷(TMOP)作为标准物质的脂质过氧化检测试剂盒(CALBIOCHEM,CA,USA)。将来自受试者的分离得到血浆200μL悬浮在650μL的R1(含N-甲基-2-苯基吲哚的乙腈溶液)中,振荡3-4秒钟,然后与150μL的R2(甲基磺酸)缓冲液混合。在45℃下使悬浮液反应60分钟,然后测量586nm处的吸光率。将OD测量值代入标准曲线中计算MDA水平。
如同试验例5,利用SPSS/WIN12.0程序以同一方法对体内抗氧化能力测试数据和脂质过氧化抑制能力的测量数据进行处理,统计学结果示于图7a(*:p<0.05,用成对t-检验分析组内差异)和图7b(*:p<0.05,用成对t-检验分析组内差异)中。
如图7a和7b所示,在第一次和第二次试验中,有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物组都能增加TAS并降低TBARS水平。
如上所述,包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、凤梨提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E的本发明组合物,可改善已降低的肝功能,并显示了优良的保护及治愈因过饮或慢性酒精摄取而引起的肝损伤,并具有降低血液酒精水平的能力。该组合物还具有优越的加强体内抗氧化的能力,从而在肝疾病的预防及肝功能的改善中发挥作用。
以上实施例只是本发明的优选实施例。应该理解,这些公开内容并不是对本发明的限制。本发明的说明书和权利要求书应该理解为包括了本发明真正范围内的所有变化和调整形式。
Claims (4)
1.一种有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物,其包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E;其中,
所述短乳杆菌HY7401的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述发酵乳杆菌CS332的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述长双歧杆菌HY8001的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述赤杨提取物是通过在水中煎煮干燥赤杨的木质及树皮1-5小时而获得的提取物;
所述夏枯草提取物是在水中煎煮干燥夏枯草1-5小时而获得的提取物;
所述水飞蓟提取物的类黄酮总含量为80重量%-95重量%,水飞蓟宾含量为28重量%-32重量%;
所述生豆-米糠发酵提取物是液态的市售生豆-米糠发酵提取物;
所述萝卜汁为34Brix0到36Brix0;
所述西红柿提取物是通过将西红柿果实和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述花椰菜提取物是通过将半熟的花椰菜和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述菠萝提取物是通过菠萝片和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述初乳粉末以50,000倍蒸馏水稀释时,HAV的特异性IgG的滴度在490nm处的OD值为1至1.7;
所述甜菜碱为无水形式,其纯度为为99重量%至100重量%;
所述维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E为复合预混料形式;
其中,在100重量%的所述组合物中,短乳杆菌HY7401为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、发酵乳杆菌CS332为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、长双歧杆菌HY8001为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、赤杨提取物为32重量%-36重量%、夏枯草提取物为38重量%-42重量%、水飞蓟提取物为0.1重量%-0.8重量%、生豆-米糠发酵提取物为1.0重量%-2.5重量%、萝卜汁为0.1重量%-0.2重量%、西红柿提取物为0.8重量%-1.5重量%、花椰菜提取物为0.1重量%-0.5重量%、菠萝提取物为0.15重量%-0.25重量%、初乳粉末为3.0重量%-4.0重量%、甜菜碱为4.5重量%-5.0重量%、复合维生素预混料为2.0重量%-3.0重量%及添加的水3.85重量%-18.24重量%。
2.一种发酵乳食品,其包含有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物为有效成分,所述组合物包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E;其中,
所述短乳杆菌HY7401的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述发酵乳杆菌CS332的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述长双歧杆菌HY8001的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述赤杨提取物是通过在水中煎煮干燥赤杨的木质及树皮1-5小时而获得的提取物;
所述夏枯草提取物是在水中煎煮干燥夏枯草1-5小时而获得的提取物;
所述水飞蓟提取物的类黄酮总含量为80重量%-95重量%,水飞蓟宾含量为28重量%-32重量%;
所述生豆-米糠发酵提取物是液态的市售生豆-米糠发酵提取物;
所述萝卜汁为34Brix0到36Brix0;
所述西红柿提取物是通过将西红柿果实和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述花椰菜提取物是通过将半熟的花椰菜和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述菠萝提取物是通过菠萝片和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述初乳粉末以50,000倍蒸馏水稀释时,HAV的特异性IgG的滴度在490nm处的OD值为1至1.7;
所述甜菜碱为无水形式,其纯度为为99重量%至100重量%;
所述维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E为复合预混料形式;
其中,在100重量%的所述组合物中,短乳杆菌HY7401为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、发酵乳杆菌CS332为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、长双歧杆菌HY8001为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、赤杨提取物为32重量%-36重量%、夏枯草提取物为38重量%-42重量%、水飞蓟提取物为0.1重量%-0.8重量%、生豆-米糠发酵提取物为1.0重量%-2.5重量%、萝卜汁为0.1重量%-0.2重量%、西红柿提取物为0.8重量%-1.5重量%、花椰菜提取物为0.1重量%-0.5重量%、菠萝提取物为0.15重量%-0.25重量%、初乳粉末为3.0重量%-4.0重量%、甜菜碱为4.5重量%-5.0重量%、复合维生素预混料为2.0重量%-3.0重量%及添加的水3.85重量%-18.24重量%。
3.一种功能性饮料,其包括有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物为有效成分,其中,所述组合物包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E;其中,
所述短乳杆菌HY7401的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述发酵乳杆菌CS332的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述长双歧杆菌HY8001的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述赤杨提取物是通过在水中煎煮干燥赤杨的木质及树皮1-5小时而获得的提取物;
所述夏枯草提取物是在水中煎煮干燥夏枯草1-5小时而获得的提取物;
所述水飞蓟提取物的类黄酮总含量为80重量%-95重量%,水飞蓟宾含量为28重量%-32重量%;
所述生豆-米糠发酵提取物是液态的市售生豆-米糠发酵提取物;
所述萝卜汁为34Brixo到36Brixo;
所述西红柿提取物是通过将西红柿果实和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述花椰菜提取物是通过将半熟的花椰菜和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述菠萝提取物是通过菠萝片和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述初乳粉末以50,000倍蒸馏水稀释时,HAV的特异性IgG的滴度在490nm处的OD值为1至1.7;
所述甜菜碱为无水形式,其纯度为为99重量%至100重量%;
所述维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E为复合预混料形式;
其中,在100重量%的所述组合物中,短乳杆菌HY7401为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、发酵乳杆菌CS332为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、长双歧杆菌HY8001为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、赤杨提取物为32重量%-36重量%、夏枯草提取物为38重量%-42重量%、水飞蓟提取物为0.1重量%-0.8重量%、生豆-米糠发酵提取物为1.0重量%-2.5重量%、萝卜汁为0.1重量%-0.2重量%、西红柿提取物为0.8重量%-1.5重量%、花椰菜提取物为0.1重量%-0.5重量%、菠萝提取物为0.15重量%-0.25重量%、初乳粉末为3.0重量%-4.0重量%、甜菜碱为4.5重量%-5.0重量%、复合维生素预混料为2.0重量%-3.0重量%及添加的水3.85重量%-18.24重量%。
4.一种保健食品,其包括有效改善肝功能、降低血液酒精浓度及加强体内抗氧化能力的组合物为有效成分,其中,所述组合物包括短乳杆菌HY7401、发酵乳杆菌CS332、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG、长双歧杆菌HY8001、赤杨提取物、夏枯草提取物、水飞蓟提取物、生豆-米糠发酵提取物、萝卜汁、西红柿提取物、花椰菜提取物、菠萝提取物、初乳粉末、甜菜碱、维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E;其中,
所述短乳杆菌HY7401的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述发酵乳杆菌CS332的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述长双歧杆菌HY8001的每克冷冻干燥粉末中含菌量为1011cfu;
所述赤杨提取物是通过在水中煎煮干燥赤杨的木质及树皮1-5小时而获得的提取物;
所述夏枯草提取物是在水中煎煮干燥夏枯草1-5小时而获得的提取物;
所述水飞蓟提取物的类黄酮总含量为80重量%-95重量%,水飞蓟宾含量为28重量%-32重量%;
所述生豆-米糠发酵提取物是液态的市售生豆-米糠发酵提取物;
所述萝卜汁为34Brixo到36Brixo;
所述西红柿提取物是通过将西红柿果实和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述花椰菜提取物是通过将半熟的花椰菜和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述菠萝提取物是通过菠萝片和水混合,搅碎并过滤后,喷雾干燥滤液而获得的提取物;
所述初乳粉末以50,000倍蒸馏水稀释时,HAV的特异性IgG的滴度在490nm处的OD值为1至1.7;
所述甜菜碱为无水形式,其纯度为为99重量%至100重量%;
所述维生素B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12、C和E为复合预混料形式;
其中,在100重量%的所述组合物中,短乳杆菌HY7401为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、发酵乳杆菌CS332为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、嗜酸性乳杆菌CSG为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、长双歧杆菌HY8001为0.001重量%-0.1重量%、赤杨提取物为32重量%-36重量%、夏枯草提取物为38重量%-42重量%、水飞蓟提取物为0.1重量%-0.8重量%、生豆-米糠发酵提取物为1.0重量%-2.5重量%、萝卜汁为0.1重量%-0.2重量%、西红柿提取物为0.8重量%-1.5重量%、花椰菜提取物为0.1重量%-0.5重量%、菠萝提取物为0.15重量%-0.25重量%、初乳粉末为3.0重量%-4.0重量%、甜菜碱为4.5重量%-5.0重量%、复合维生素预混料为2.0重量%-3.0重量%及添加的水3.85重量%-18.24重量%。
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