CN1665697A - 汽车及其控制方法 - Google Patents

汽车及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1665697A
CN1665697A CN038158272A CN03815827A CN1665697A CN 1665697 A CN1665697 A CN 1665697A CN 038158272 A CN038158272 A CN 038158272A CN 03815827 A CN03815827 A CN 03815827A CN 1665697 A CN1665697 A CN 1665697A
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China
Prior art keywords
setting
torsion
moment
automobile
torque
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Granted
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CN038158272A
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CN100376438C (zh
Inventor
滩光博
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18054Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations at stand still, e.g. engine in idling state
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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • B60L15/2009Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种汽车及其控制方法。当汽车沿和根据换档位置SP判定的行驶方向相反的方向行驶时,基于检测出的路面坡度θ,将和路面坡度θ相关的调整扭矩Ta设定为用于将仅有一名乘员时的汽车的反方向(下滑方向)的车速收敛到规定车速所必需的扭矩(S200),比较设定的调整扭矩Ta和汽车的运行状态处于蠕变扭矩输出许可区域时设定的蠕变扭矩Tc(S150),将较大的扭矩作为电机扭矩Tm从电机输出(S210、S220)。结果,能将汽车沿和行驶方向相反的方向行驶时的车速调整到规定车速。

Description

汽车及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车及其控制方法,具体地说,涉及可由来自动力输出装置的动力驱动的汽车及其控制方法。
背景技术
以前,提出过这种汽车,其驱动控制连接到驱动轮上的电动机,以便作用与制动踏板的操作量对应的蠕变扭矩(クリ一プトルク)(例如,参见日本专利特开平10-75505号公报等)。在这种汽车中,通过对应于制动踏板的操作量来设定蠕变扭矩,可以防止坡路上的所谓下滑现象等,在平坦道路上进行蠕变扭矩驱动,并同时实现能量效率的提高。
但是,在上述汽车中,当完全松开制动踏板的踩踏时,仅作用规定的蠕变扭矩,所以当在上坡处停车时,由于路面坡度会产生下滑现象,同时会出现不能抑制其速度的情况。
发明内容
本发明的汽车的一个目的在于调整沿与行驶方向相反的方向行驶时的车速。本发明的汽车的另一个目的在于不管路面坡度如何,都能得到基本恒定的行驶感觉。
本发明的汽车为了实现上述目的中的至少一部分,采用如下技术方案。
本发明的汽车为一种可由来自动力输出装置的动力驱动行驶的汽车,包括:设定车辆(汽车)的行驶方向的行驶方向设定装置;检测和该设定的行驶方向相反的方向上的车辆行驶的反向行驶检测装置;和驱动控制装置,该驱动控制装置仅在由所述行驶方向设定装置设定行驶方向、并在加速器脱开(不加速)的状态下由所述反向行驶检测装置检测出反向行驶时,设定作用在所述设定的行驶方向上的调整扭矩,并驱动控制所述动力输出装置以作用该设定的调整扭矩。
在本发明的汽车中,当在加速器脱开的状态下检测出和设定的行驶方向相反的方向上的行驶时,设定作用在设定的行驶方向上的调整扭矩,并驱动控制所述动力输出装置以使设定的调整扭矩作用,所以能调整反向行驶即下滑时的车速。
在如此构成的本发明的汽车中,可以具有检测或推定路面坡度的路面坡度检测推定装置,并且所述驱动控制装置为根据所述检测或推定的路面坡度设定调整扭矩的装置。这样,由于对应于路面坡度设定调整扭矩,所以不管路面坡度如何,都能得到基本恒定的行驶感觉。
在基于路面坡度设定调整扭矩的本发明的汽车中,所述驱动控制装置为,根据表示路面坡度和调整扭矩关系的图表设定调整扭矩,以使只有一名乘员时的反向车速变为规定的车速的装置。
而且,在基于路面坡度设定调整扭矩的本发明的汽车中,可以具有根据所述检测或推定的路面坡度设定作用在所述设定的行驶方向上的初期扭矩的初期扭矩设定装置;所述驱动控制装置可以为:驱动控制(所述动力输出装置)以使得在车辆停下的状态下制动断开时作用所述设定的初期扭矩的装置。这样,能防止急剧的下滑。
在本发明的汽车中,所述反向行驶检测装置为检测反向车速的装置,所述驱动控制装置为设定调整扭矩以使所述反向车速变为规定速度的装置。这样,能将反向车速调整到规定速度。这里,作为规定速度,可以设定为步行时的速度。
在本发明的汽车中,可以具有在规定的成立条件成立时,设定作用在行驶方向上的蠕变扭矩的蠕变扭矩设定装置;所述驱动控制装置可以为进行驱动控制以使所述设定的调整扭矩和所述设定的蠕变扭矩中较大的扭矩作用的装置。这样,能兼容通常的基于蠕变扭矩的车辆控制和基于调整扭矩的车辆控制。
在具有这种蠕变扭矩设定机构的本发明的汽车中,所述蠕变扭矩设定装置为在通过制动器制动使车速成为零时,设定零值的蠕变扭矩,之后,在检测出制动断开时,设定规定值的蠕变扭矩的装置。这样,能控制不必要的蠕变扭矩的输出,从而可使能量效率提高。
在本发明的汽车中,所述驱动控制装置可以为在加速器进行加速操作(被踏下)后的加速器脱开操作(被释放)时解除所述设定的调整扭矩的装置。这样,能防止伴随调整扭矩解除的扭矩冲击。
在本发明的汽车中,所述动力输出装置为具有可使动力相对车轴输入和输出(输出至车轴和从车轴输入)的电动机。这样,能通过控制电动机的输出扭矩来使调整扭矩作用。
在本发明的汽车中,所述动力输出装置可以具有:内燃机;可以使动力相对与车轴连接的驱动轴输入和输出的驱动轴用电动机;及伴随基于电能的动力的输入和输出将所述内燃机的输出轴的动力传递给所述驱动轴的动力传递装置。所述驱动控制装置为:控制所述内燃机、所述驱动轴用电动机和所述动力传递装置,以使与所述设定的减速度对应的动力作用在所述驱动轴上的装置。
在所述动力输出装置具有内燃机、驱动轴用电动机和动力传递装置的本发明的汽车中,所述动力传递装置可以具有:与所述内燃机的输出轴和所述驱动轴以及旋转轴这3轴连接、将与相对该3轴中的任意2轴输入和输出的动力对应的动力相对剩余轴输入和输出(将与输出至这3轴中任2轴和从其输入的动力对应的动力输入剩余的轴和从该剩余的轴输出)的3轴式动力输入和输出装置,以及可将动力相对所述旋转轴输入和输出(将动力输出至前述旋转轴和从其输入)的旋转轴用电动机。
而且,在动力输出装置具有内燃机、驱动轴用电动机和动力传递装置的本发明的汽车中,所述动力传递装置可以具有一成对转子电动机,所述电动机包括连接到所述内燃机的输出轴的第一转子;和连接到所述驱动轴并可相对于该第一转子旋转的第二转子,而且所述电动机可以根据该第一转子和该第二转子的电磁作用进行基于所述电能的动力的输入输出。
本发明的汽车的控制方法为一种使用来自动力输出装置的动力并设定行驶方向而行驶的汽车的控制方法,包括下述步骤:(a)检测和所述设定的行驶方向相反的方向上的车辆行驶;和(b)仅在加速器脱开的状态下检测出和所述设定的行驶方向相反的方向上的行驶时,设定作用在所述设定的行驶方向上的调整扭矩,并驱动控制所述动力输出装置以作用该设定的调整扭矩。
在本发明的汽车的控制方法中,当在加速器脱开的状态下检测出和设定的行驶方向相反方向上的行驶时,设定作用在设定的行驶方向上的调整扭矩,并驱动控制动力输出装置以作用设定的调整扭矩,所以能调整反向行驶、即下滑时的车速。
在上述本发明的汽车的控制方法中,所述步骤(b)可以检测路面的坡度并基于该检测的路面坡度设定调整扭矩。这样,由于设定对应于路面坡度的调整扭矩,所以不管路面坡度如何,都能得到基本一定的行驶感觉。
而且,在本发明的汽车的控制方法中,在所述步骤(b)之前,包括当规定的成立条件成立时,设定作用在行驶方向上的蠕变扭矩的步骤,所述步骤(b)进行驱动控制以使所述设定的调整扭矩和所述设定的蠕变扭矩中较大的扭矩作用。这样,能使通常的基于蠕变扭矩的车辆控制和基于调整扭矩的车辆控制相兼容。
附图说明
图1为表示作为本发明一实施例的混合动力汽车20的大概结构的视图;
图2为表示由混合动力用电子控制单元70执行的扭矩控制例程的一个例子的流程图;
图3为表示调整扭矩设定图的一个例子的说明图;
图4为表示变形例的混合动力汽车120的大概结构的视图。
具体实施方式
下面,使用实施例说明本发明的实施方式。图1为表示作为本发明一实施例的混合动力汽车20的大概结构的视图。如图所示,实施例的混合动力汽车20包括:发动机22;通过减振器28连接到发动机22的输出轴即曲轴26上的三轴式动力分配集成(综合)机构30;连接到动力分配集成机构30上的可发电的电机MG1;同样连接到动力分配集成机构30上的电机MG2;和控制车辆驱动系统整体的混合动力用电子控制单元70。
发动机22为使用汽油或轻油等碳氢化合物类燃料输出动力的内燃机,并由发动机用电子控制单元(以下,称作发动机ECU)24进行燃料喷射控制、点火控制、吸入空气量调节控制等操作控制,其中控制单元24接收来自检测发动机22的运转状态的各种传感器的信号。发动机ECU24和混合动力用电子控制单元70通信联系,根据来自混合动力用电子控制单元70的控制信号控制发动机22的运转,同时在必要的情况下,将与发动机22的运转状态相关的数据输出到混合动力用电子控制单元70。
动力分配集成机构30具有作为外齿齿轮的太阳齿轮31、与该太阳齿轮31同轴设置的内齿齿轮的齿圈32、与太阳齿轮31啮合的同时与齿圈32啮合的多个小齿轮33、可自由地自转和公转地保持多个小齿轮33的行星齿轮架34,并且构成为以太阳齿轮31、齿圈32和行星齿轮架34为旋转元件而进行差动作用的行星齿轮机构。对于动力分配集成机构30,发动机22的曲轴26与行星齿轮架34连接,电机MG1与太阳齿轮31连接,电机MG2与齿圈32连接,电机MG1作为发电机发挥功能时,从行星齿轮架34输入的、来自发动机22的动力根据其齿轮比分配于太阳齿轮31侧和齿圈32侧,而在电机MG1作为电动机发挥功能时,从行星齿轮架34输入的、来自发动机22的动力和从太阳齿轮31输入的、来自电机MG1的动力集成并输出到齿圈32。齿圈32通过皮带36、齿轮机构37、差速齿轮38机械地连接到车辆前轮的驱动轮39a、39b。因此,输出到齿圈32的动力通过皮带36、齿轮机构37、差速齿轮38输出到驱动轮39a、39b。而且,作为驱动系统看时,连接到动力分配集成机构30上的三轴为:连接到行星齿轮架34上的发动机22的输出轴、即曲轴26;连接到太阳齿轮31并作为电机MG1的旋转轴的太阳齿轮轴31a;以及连接到齿圈32的同时机械地连接到驱动轮39a、39b的驱动轴、即齿圈轴32a。
电机MG1和电机MG2均为能作为发电机驱动和作为电动机驱动的公知的同步发电电动机,通过逆变器41、42与蓄电池50进行电力的交换。将逆变器41、42与蓄电池50连接的电力线54由各逆变器41、42共用的正极母线和负极母线构成,电机MG1、MG2之一发电的电力能够由另一电机消耗。因此,蓄电池50根据电机MG1、MG2产生的电力或电力不足而充放电。另外,如通过电机MG1和电机MG2获取电力收支的平衡,则蓄电池50就不进行充放电。电机MG1、MG2每一个均由电机用电子控制单元(以下称作电机ECU)40驱动控制。向电机ECU40输入驱动控制电机MG1、MG2用的必要信号,例如从检测出电机MG1、MG2的转子的旋转位置用的旋转位置检测传感器43、44来的信号或者输入由未图示的电流传感器检测出的、施加到电机MG1、MG2上的相电流等,由电机ECU40向逆变器41、42输出开关控制信号。电机ECU40根据从旋转位置检测传感器43、44输入的信号、通过图中未示出的旋转速度计算例程计算电机MG1、MG2的转子的旋转速度Nm1、Nm2。由于电机MG1连接到太阳齿轮31、电机MG2连接到齿圈32,所以所述旋转速度Nm1、Nm2成为太阳齿轮轴31a和齿圈轴32a的旋转速度。电机ECU40与混合动力用电子控制单元70通信连通,根据来自混合动力用电子控制单元70的控制信号,驱动控制电机MG1、MG2的同时,根据需要,将与电机MG1、MG2的运转状态有关的数据向混合动力用电子控制单元70输出。
蓄电池50由蓄电池用电子控制单元(以下称作蓄电池ECU)52管理。管理蓄电池50的必要信号例如从设置于蓄电池50的端子间的、未图示的电压传感器来的端子间电压,从在与蓄电池50的输出端子连接的电力线54上安装的、未图示的电流传感器来的充放电电流,从安装到蓄电池50上的未图示的温度传感器来的电池温度等向蓄电池ECU52输入,根据需要,与蓄电池50的状态有关的数据通过通信传递向混合动力用电子控制单元70输出。另外,在蓄电池ECU52中,为了管理蓄电池50,也基于由电流传感器检测出的充放电电流的积算值(累积值),计算剩余容量(SOC)。
混合动力用电子控制单元70由以CPU72为中心的微处理器构成,除了CPU72,还具有记忆处理程序的ROM74,暂时记忆数据的RAM76,未图示的输入和输出端口和通信端口。来自点火开关80的点火信号,从检测出变速杆81的操作位置的换档(变速)位置传感器82来的换档位置SP,从检测出与加速踏板83的踩下量对应的加速器开度Adrv的加速踏板位置传感器84来的加速器开度Adrv,从检测出制动踏板85的踩下量的制动踏板位置传感器86来的制动踏板位置BP,来自车速传感器88的车速V、由坡度(斜度)传感器90输出的路面坡度θ等通过输入端口向混合动力用电子控制单元70输入。混合动力用电子控制单元70正如前述,通过通信端口与发动机ECU24、电机ECU40和蓄电池ECU52连接,与发动机ECU24、电机ECU40和蓄电池ECU52进行各种控制信号或数据的交换。
如此构成的实施例的混合动力汽车20基于与驾驶员对加速踏板83的踩下量相对应的加速器开度Adrv和车速V,计算应当向作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a输出的要求扭矩,运转控制发动机22和电机MG1以及电机MG2,以将与该要求扭矩相对应的要求动力向齿圈轴32a输出。作为发动机22和电机MG1以及电机MG2的运转控制,具有如下模式:扭矩变换运转模式,其中,运转控制发动机22以从发动机22输出与要求动力对应(相称)的动力,并驱动控制电机MG1和电机MG2,以使发动机22的全部输出动力通过动力分配集成机构30、电机MG1及电机MG2变换扭矩后输出到齿圈轴32a;或充放电运转模式,其中,运转控制发动机22,以将与要求动力和蓄电池50的充放电所必需的电力之和对应的动力从发动机22输出,并且驱动控制电机MG1和电机MG2,以使伴随蓄电池50的充放电而由发动机22输出的动力的全部或部分动力通过动力分配集成机构30、电机MG1及电机MG2变换扭矩,同时将要求动力输出到齿圈轴32a;以及电机运转模式,其中停止发动机22的运转,(对电机MG2)进行运转控制以将来自电机MG2的与要求动力对应的动力向齿圈轴32a输出。
下面,说明实施例的混合动力汽车20的动作,特别是停车状态和停车附近状态(踏下制动踏板85使行驶中的车辆停止之前的状态,以及为了使停止的车辆重新起步而踏下加速踏板83之前的状态)的动作。图2为表示由混合动力用电子控制单元70执行的扭矩控制例程的一个例子的流程图。使该处理每隔预定时间(例如,每隔8msec)重复执行一次。
当执行扭矩控制例程时,混合动力用电子控制单元70的CPU72首先进行控制所必需的数据的读入处理(步骤S100),所述数据包括由换档位置传感器82检测出的换档位置SP;由加速踏板位置传感器84检测出的加速器开度Adrv;由制动踏板位置传感器86检测出的制动踏板位置BP;由车速传感器88检测出的车速V;及由坡度传感器90检测出的路面坡度θ等。然后,判定换档位置SP是否处于可驱动的位置,即D、B、R档位段中的任一档位段,并判定加速器开度Adrv是否处于加速器OFF(加速器脱开、不踏油门)状态(步骤S110)。当判定换档位置SP不处于可驱动的位置时,表示驾驶员没有要驱动车辆的意图;当判定加速器处于ON(加速、踏油门)状态时,表示驾驶员踏下加速踏板83以输出根据加速器开度Adrv设定的扭矩,这时,由于不是所考虑的停车状态或停车附近状态,所以将调整扭矩解除标记Fa设为“1”(步骤S230),并执行基于加速器开度Adrv的扭矩控制等其它控制(步骤S240),结束该例程。
当判定换档位置SP处于可驱动的位置,而且(加速器开度Adrv)处于加速器OFF状态时,判定调整扭矩解除标记Fa是否为“1”(步骤S120),当调整扭矩解除标记Fa为“1”时,将调整扭矩Ta设为“0”,并将调整扭矩解除标记Fa设为“0”(步骤S130)。后面将描述调整扭矩Ta。
接着,进行车辆的运行状态是否处于蠕变扭矩输出许可区域的判定(步骤S140)。蠕变扭矩输出许可区域被设定为有输出蠕变扭矩需要的区域,例如能根据车速V、制动踏板位置BP、制动油压等行驶条件,以及电机MG2的性能、车辆的行驶特性等确定。当车辆的行驶条件不处于蠕变扭矩输出许可区域时,不需要蠕变扭矩的输出,而执行和扭矩控制不同的其它控制(步骤S240),结束该例程。
当车辆的行驶条件处于蠕变扭矩输出许可区域时,设定蠕变扭矩Tc(步骤S150)。该蠕变扭矩Tc例如可以通过给预先设定的规定值的扭矩乘以一补正系数来设定,所述补正系数由车速V或制动油压确定;或者可以将预先设定的规定值的扭矩直接设为蠕变扭矩,也可以通过任何适当的方式设定。
然后,根据车速V判定车辆是否处于停车状态(步骤S160)。当车辆处于停车状态时,根据制动踏板位置BP判定是否处于制动器ON状态(步骤S170),当处于制动器ON(制动接通)状态时,判定不需要蠕变扭矩,并将蠕变扭矩Tc设为“0”(步骤S180)。另一方面,当在步骤S160中判定车辆不处于停车状态时,根据换档位置SP判定是否检测出行驶方向为反方向,即是否检测出车辆下滑(步骤S190),当为反方向行驶时,根据路面坡度θ设定调整扭矩Ta(步骤S200)。这里,调整扭矩Ta和蠕变扭矩Tc一样作用在预期的行驶方向上,即换档位置SP处于D档位段时的前进方向和换档位置处于R档位段时的后退方向。对于这种设定,在本实施例中,能预先设定路面坡度θ和调整扭矩Ta之间的关系并将其作为调整扭矩设定图存储在ROM74中,当给出路面坡度θ时,能从所述图上得到对应的调整扭矩Ta。在本实施例中,作为调整扭矩设定图,对于规定坡度以下的路面坡度θ,调整扭矩Ta被设定为将仅有一名乘员(驾驶员)时的车辆的反方向(下滑方向)的车速收敛(限定)到规定车速(例如1~5km/h的步行程度的车速)所必需的扭矩;对于超过规定坡度的路面坡度θ,调整扭矩Ta被设置为规定坡度时设定的扭矩。图3表示调整扭矩设定图的一例。另外,即使车辆处于停车状态,在制动器不处于ON状态时,也不进行蠕变扭矩Tc的“0”值设定;即使车辆不处于停车状态,并不沿反方向行驶时,也不进行调整扭矩Ta的设定。
在设定蠕变扭矩Tc和调整扭矩Ta后,蠕变扭矩Tc和调整扭矩Ta中较大的一方被设为由电机MG2输出的电机扭矩Tm(步骤S210),然后,控制电机MG2以从电机MG2输出设定的电机扭矩Tm(步骤S220),结束该例程。
此时,假定为车辆停在上坡的状态下,变速杆81处于D档位段,而且释放被踏下的制动踏板85。这时的调整扭矩Ta在步骤S130被解除并被归零(置零)。由于紧接着制动踏板85的释放,车辆仍处于车速V为零的停车状态,而且制动器处于OFF(制动断开)状态,所以在步骤S150设定蠕变扭矩Tc。因此,蠕变扭矩Tc作为电机扭矩Tm从电机MG2输出。当路面坡度θ大时,在驾驶员释放制动踏板85后,检测出车辆的逆向行驶(D档位段时的后退),即下滑。这时,在步骤S200,设定对应于路面坡度θ的调整扭矩Ta,当设定的调整扭矩Ta比蠕变扭矩Tc大时,调整扭矩Ta作为电机扭矩Tm从电机MG2输出。如前所述,由于调整扭矩Ta被设定为用于将只有一名驾驶员时的车辆的反向行驶方向(即下滑方向)的车速收敛为规定车速所必需的扭矩,所以在规定坡度以下的路面坡度θ中,不管路面坡度θ如何,都能使车辆收敛在反向的规定车速下。这里,在该实施例中,即使在车辆有两名或三名乘员(除驾驶员之外还有一名乘员或两名乘员)时,也能使用只有一驾驶员时设定的调整扭矩设定图来设定调整扭矩Ta,所以在车辆有两名或三名乘员时,车速被收敛为比规定车速稍大的车速。而且,如果驾驶员踏下加速踏板83,则根据基于加速踏板83的踏入量的加速器开度Adrv进行和上述扭矩控制不同的扭矩控制,从而使车辆的行为取决于加速踏板83的动作。
根据如上所述实施例的混合动力汽车20,当驾驶员操作变速杆81并释放制动踏板85以驱动停止的车辆时,能使和预期行驶方向相反的方向上的行驶车速收敛到规定车速。而且,在这时起作用的调整扭矩Ta对应于路面坡度θ设定,所以不管路面坡度如何,都能得到基本恒定的行驶感觉。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中,尽管在车速V为零值的停车状态下,当制动器处于OFF状态时,通过步骤S150设定的蠕变扭矩Tc作为电机扭矩Tm从电机MG2输出,但是在车速V为零值的停车状态下,当制动器处于OFF状态时,也可以根据路面坡度θ设定作为初期扭矩的蠕变扭矩Tc或调整扭矩Ta,并将其作为电机扭矩Tm从电机MG2输出。这样,能抑制急剧下滑。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中,尽管设定蠕变扭矩Tc和调整扭矩Ta,并将蠕变扭矩Tc和调整扭矩Ta中较大的一方作为电机扭矩Tm从电机MG2输出,但是也可以将蠕变扭矩Tc和调整扭矩Ta的和作为电机扭矩Tm从电机MG2输出,或者可以不设定蠕变扭矩Tc,而将调整扭矩Ta作为电机扭矩Tm从电机MG2输出。在不设定所述蠕变扭矩Tc的情况下,当在平坦道路上车辆处于停车状态且制动器为OFF状态时,没有任何扭矩从电机MG2输出。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中,尽管使用坡度传感器90检测出的路面坡度θ来设定调整扭矩Ta,但是在行驶过程或至停车前的过程中,根据作为动力输出装置的发动机22、动力分配集成机构30、电机MG1和电机MG2输出的扭矩和车辆的加速度之间的关系推定路面坡度θ,然后使用该推定的路面坡度θ来设定调整扭矩Ta也可以。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中,尽管使用设定路面坡度θ和调整扭矩Ta关系的调整扭矩设定图,将调整扭矩Ta设定为用于将仅有一名乘员时的车辆的反方向(下滑方向)的车速收敛到规定车速所必需的扭矩,但是使用任何表示路面坡度θ和调整扭矩Ta关系的图来设定调整扭矩Ta都可以。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中,尽管使用设定路面坡度θ和调整扭矩Ta关系的调整扭矩设定图,将调整扭矩Ta设定为用于根据车辆行为(例如,速度或加速度)将仅有一名乘员时的车辆的反向行驶方向(下滑方向)的车速收敛到规定车速所必需的扭矩,但是通过反馈控制等手段设定调整扭矩Ta来将车速收敛到规定车速也可以。
在实施例中,尽管以搭载发动机22、动力分配集成机构30、电机MG1和电机MG2的混合动力汽车20为具体例子进行说明,但是只要是由基于对应加速踏板83的踏入量而设定的加速器开度Adrv的动力驱动的车辆,无论任何结构均可适用。例如,可以适用于如图4所示的变形例的混合动力汽车120,该汽车包括电机130和可将动力直接输出到驱动轴152的电机140,其中电机130具有:连接到发动机122的曲轴126的内转子132、和安装在驱动轴152上的外转子134,所述驱动轴152连接到驱动轮159a、159b上,而且电机130通过内转子132和外转子134的电磁作用相对旋转。或者可以适用于由使用蓄电池的电力输出驱动力的电机构成的单纯电动车辆。
上面虽然使用实施例对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但是本发明不限于所述的实施例,在不脱落本发明精神的范围内,可以进行各种变形。
工业实用性
本发明能用在汽车制造工业中。

Claims (15)

1.一种可由来自动力输出装置的动力驱动的汽车,包括:
设定所述汽车的行驶方向的行驶方向设定装置;
检测和该设定的行驶方向相反的方向上的汽车行驶的反向行驶检测装置;和
驱动控制装置,该驱动控制装置仅在由所述行驶方向设定装置设定行驶方向、并在加速器脱开的状态下由所述反向行驶检测装置检测出反向行驶时,设定作用在所述设定的行驶方向上的调整扭矩,并驱动控制所述动力输出装置以作用该设定的调整扭矩。
2.如权利要求1所述的汽车,其特征在于:具有检测或推定路面坡度的路面坡度检测推定装置,并且所述驱动控制装置为根据所述检测或推定的路面坡度设定调整扭矩的装置。
3.如权利要求2所述的汽车,其特征在于:所述驱动控制装置为,根据表示路面坡度和调整扭矩关系的图表设定调整扭矩,以使只有一名乘员时的反向车速变为规定的车速的装置。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的汽车,其特征在于:
具有根据所述检测或推定的路面坡度设定作用在所述设定的行驶方向上的初期扭矩的初期扭矩设定装置;
所述驱动控制装置为,驱动控制所述动力输出装置,以使得在所述汽车停下的状态下制动断开时作用所述设定的初期扭矩的装置。
5.如权利要求1所述的汽车,其特征在于:所述反向行驶检测装置为检测反向车速的装置,所述驱动控制装置为设定调整扭矩以使所述反向车速变为规定速度的装置。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的汽车,其特征在于:
具有在规定的成立条件成立时,设定作用在行驶方向上的蠕变扭矩的蠕变扭矩设定装置;
所述驱动控制装置为进行驱动控制以使所述设定的调整扭矩和所述设定的蠕变扭矩中较大的扭矩作用的装置。
7.如权利要求6所述的汽车,其特征在于:所述蠕变扭矩设定装置为在通过制动器制动使车速成为零时,设定零值的蠕变扭矩,并且,在检测出制动断开时,设定规定值的蠕变扭矩的装置。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的汽车,其特征在于:所述驱动控制装置为在加速器进行加速操作后的加速器脱开操作时解除所述设定的调整扭矩的装置。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的汽车,其特征在于:所述动力输出装置为具有可使动力输出至车轴和从车轴输入的电动机。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的汽车,其特征在于:
所述动力输出装置具有:内燃机;可以使动力相对与车轴连接的驱动轴输入和输出的驱动轴用电动机;及伴随基于电能的动力的输入和输出将所述内燃机的输出轴的动力传递给所述驱动轴的动力传递装置,
所述驱动控制装置为:控制所述内燃机、所述驱动轴用电动机和所述动力传递装置,以使与设定的减速度对应的动力作用在所述驱动轴上的装置。
11.如权利要求10所述的汽车,其特征在于:
所述动力传递装置具有:与所述内燃机的输出轴和所述驱动轴以及旋转轴这3轴连接、将与相对该3轴中的任意2轴输入和输出的动力对应的动力相对剩余的轴输入和输出的3轴式动力输入和输出装置,以及将动力相对所述旋转轴输入和输出的旋转轴用电动机。
12.如权利要求10所述的汽车,其特征在于:所述动力传递装置具有一成对转子电动机,所述成对转子电动机包括连接到所述内燃机的输出轴的第一转子;和连接到所述驱动轴并可相对于该第一转子旋转的第二转子,而且所述成对转子电动机可以根据该第一转子和该第二转子的电磁作用进行基于所述电能的动力的输入输出。
13.一种使用来自动力输出装置的动力并设定行驶方向而行驶的汽车的控制方法,所述方法包括下述步骤:
(a)检测和所述设定的行驶方向相反的方向上的汽车行驶;和
(b)仅在加速器脱开的状态下检测出和所述设定的行驶方向相反的方向上的行驶时,设定作用在所述设定的行驶方向上的调整扭矩,并驱动控制所述动力输出装置以作用该设定的调整扭矩。
14.如权利要求13所述的汽车的控制方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(b)检测路面的坡度并基于该检测的路面坡度设定调整扭矩。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的汽车的控制方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(b)之前,包括当规定的成立条件成立时,设定作用在行驶方向上的蠕变扭矩的步骤,
所述步骤(b)进行驱动控制以使所述设定的调整扭矩和所述设定的蠕变扭矩中较大的扭矩作用。
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RU2005102599A (ru) 2005-06-27
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EP1535790A4 (en) 2006-04-19
EP1535790A1 (en) 2005-06-01
BR0312295A (pt) 2005-04-12
EP1535790B1 (en) 2009-12-23
RU2290330C2 (ru) 2006-12-27
US20050187671A1 (en) 2005-08-25
JP2004036489A (ja) 2004-02-05
CN100376438C (zh) 2008-03-26
BRPI0312295B1 (pt) 2016-12-27
WO2004011296A1 (ja) 2004-02-05
AU2003241841A1 (en) 2004-02-16
KR20050019814A (ko) 2005-03-03
KR100770394B1 (ko) 2007-10-31
ATE452788T1 (de) 2010-01-15
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