CN1646629A - 激光溶敷用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂组合物和成形品 - Google Patents

激光溶敷用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂组合物和成形品 Download PDF

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CN1646629A
CN1646629A CNA038079488A CN03807948A CN1646629A CN 1646629 A CN1646629 A CN 1646629A CN A038079488 A CNA038079488 A CN A038079488A CN 03807948 A CN03807948 A CN 03807948A CN 1646629 A CN1646629 A CN 1646629A
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resin
polybutylene terephthalate
laser
pbt
resinoid
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CN1646629B (zh
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松岛三典
坂田耕一
高山胜智
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Polyplastics Co Ltd
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WinTech Polymer Ltd
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Abstract

一种激光熔敷用PBT类树脂组合物,由聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)类树脂(A)和选自聚碳酸酯类树脂(b1)、苯乙烯类树脂(b2)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯类树脂(b3)、和丙烯酸类树脂(b4)中的至少一种树脂(B)构成。PBT类树脂(A)可以是PBT均聚酯、或者用30摩尔%以下的共聚性单体(双酚类或者其烯化氧加成物、非对称芳香族二羧酸等)改性的PBT类共聚物。上述树脂(B)和PBT类树脂(A)的比例可以是前者/后者(重量比)=0.1/1-1.5/1。树脂组合物中也可以含有玻璃纤维等。上述树脂组合物的激光熔敷性优异,可以提高成形品的熔敷强度。

Description

激光熔敷用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂组合物和成形品
技术领域
本发明涉及激光熔敷性高、成形加工性优异的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂组合物、以及使用它的成形品。
背景技术
聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)类树脂由于其耐热性、耐化学性、电特性、机械特性、以及成形加工性等各种特性优异,可用于多种用途。作为具体的用途,可以举例为各种汽车用电气安装部件(各种控制单元、各种传感器、点火线圈等)、连接器类、开关部件、继电器部件、线圈部件等。为了制作这些部件,利用粘合剂、螺旋夹、搭扣配合(snap fit)、加热板熔敷、超声波熔敷等接合方法来接合多个成形部件。但是,在这些接合方法中,存在几个问题。例如如果使用粘合剂,则存在的问题是粘合剂固化之前的工序时间的损失和对环境造成的负担。另外,就螺旋夹而言,连接的劳力和成本增大,而就加热板熔敷和超声波熔敷而言,产品有可能因热和振动等遭到损坏。
另一方面,利用激光熔敷的接合方法中,产品不会因随着熔敷产生的热和振动遭到损坏,熔敷工序也非常简单。因此,最近,激光熔敷法的应用有扩大的趋势,同时作为各种树脂部件的熔敷方法而备受瞩目。
但是,当通过激光熔敷接合PBT类树脂时,由于激光的透过性低,会发生碳化等,因此被指出实际上不可能完成熔敷。在特开2001-26656号公报中,公开了通过用熔敷加工使由具有特定范围熔点的聚酯类共聚物形成的成形品和其它的成形品一体化而制造成形体的方法。在该文献中,记载了均聚亚烷基芳基化物树脂(聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯)的激光熔敷强度较小。
在特开平10-245481号公报中,公开了在由热塑性聚碳酸酯树脂和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯等热塑性聚酯树脂构成的组合物中,按照1-10重量%的比例,混合在交联丙烯酸酯类弹性体的存在下使以甲基丙烯酸酯为主成分的单体进行接枝聚合得到的甲基丙烯酸酯类树脂(接枝树脂)而得到的热塑性树脂组合物。在该文献中,记载了在上述树脂组合物中,按照1.5/1~4/1(重量比)的比例使用双酚A型聚碳酸酯树脂和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯树脂的例子。另外,作为上述组合物的热熔敷法,还记载了加热板熔敷法、振动熔敷法或者超声波熔敷法。但是,要想提高熔敷强度,在该组合物中,必须使用上述接枝树脂,同时如果使用该接枝树脂,则机械强度和耐热性容易下降。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供以PBT类树脂为基础的同时激光熔敷性优异而且具有高的熔敷强度的激光熔敷用PBT类树脂组合物、以及其成形品。
本发明的另一目的在于提供光线透射比和熔敷强度高的PBT类树脂成形品。
本发明人等为了实现上述课题而进行了专心研究,结果发现如果组合PBT类树脂和特定的树脂,则PBT类树脂组合物的激光熔敷性将会显著提高,能够保持高的熔敷强度,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明的激光熔敷用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂组合物由聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)和选自聚碳酸酯类树脂(b1)、苯乙烯类树脂(b2)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯类树脂(b3)、和丙烯酸类树脂(b4)中的至少一种树脂(B)构成。上述聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)也可以是聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、或者用共聚性单体(例如,0.01-30摩尔%的单体)改性的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类共聚物。上述聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)的熔点也可以在190℃以上。上述共聚性单体可以是选自双酚类或者其烯化氧加成物、非对称芳香族二羧酸、以及它们的可以形成酯的衍生物中的至少一种(例如,邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、双酚A的烯化氧加成物、以及这些的反应性衍生物等)等。上述树脂(B)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)的比例可以是前者/后者(重量比)=0.10/1-1.5/1。上述树脂组合物还可以含有可以使激光透过的补强材料(例如,玻璃纤维等)。上述树脂组合物的、在通过注射模塑成形形成的厚度3mm的成形品中,800-1100nm波长的光线透射比可以在15%以上。
本发明的激光熔敷用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂组合物由选自聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯和用0.01-30摩尔%(例如1-20摩尔%)的共聚性单体改性的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类共聚物中的至少一种聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A),和选自聚碳酸酯类树脂(b1)、苯乙烯类树脂(b2)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯类树脂(b3)、和丙烯酸类树脂(b4)中的至少一种树脂(B)构成,上述树脂(B)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)的比例是前者/后者(重量比)=0.1/1-1.5/1,上述共聚性单体是选自邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、双酚A的烯化氧加成物、以及它们的反应性衍生物中的至少一种。
在本发明中,还包括由上述树脂组合物形成的成形品、以及该成形品和配对材料的树脂成形品经激光熔敷接合的复合成形品。
附图说明
图1是用于说明实施例中的激光熔敷的侧视示意图。
图2是用于说明实施例中的激光熔敷的俯视图。
具体实施方式
[聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂组合物]
(A)聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂
作为基体树脂即聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)类树脂,可列举以对苯二甲酸丁二酯为主成分(例如,约50-100重量%,优选约60-100重量%,更优选约75-100重量%)的均聚酯或者共聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯共聚酯)等。特别优选共聚酯。
作为共聚酯(对苯二甲酸丁二酯类共聚物或者改性PBT树脂)中的上述可以共聚的单体(以下有时仅称为共聚性单体),可列举除了对苯二甲酸之外的二羧酸、除了1,4-丁二醇之外的二元醇、羟酸、内酯等。共聚性单体可以使用一种,也可二种以上组合使用。
作为二羧酸,可以举例为例如脂肪族二羧酸(例如,琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一烷二羧酸、十二烷二羧酸、十六烷二羧酸、二聚酸等碳数约4-40的二羧酸,优选碳数约4-14的二羧酸)、脂环式二羧酸(例如,六氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢间苯二甲酸、六氢对苯二甲酸、降冰片烯二酸等碳数约8-12的二羧酸)、除对苯二甲酸以外的芳香族二羧酸(例如,邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸;2,6-萘二羧酸等萘二羧酸;4,4’-二苯基二羧酸、4,4’-二苯基醚二羧酸、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二羧酸、4,4’-二苯基酮二羧酸等碳数约8-16的二羧酸)、或者它们的反应性衍生物[例如,低级烷基酯(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、间苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMI)等邻苯二甲酸或者间苯二甲酸的C1-4烷基酯等)、酰氯、酸酐等可以形成酯的衍生物]等。另外,也可以根据需要混合使用苯偏三酸、苯均四酸等多元羧酸等。
作为二元醇,可以举例为例如除1,4-丁二醇以外的脂肪族亚烷基二醇(例如,乙二醇、丙撑二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、己二醇、辛二醇、癸二醇等碳数约2-12的脂肪族二醇,优选碳数约2-10的脂肪族二醇)、聚氧亚烷基二醇[亚烷基的碳数为约2-4,并且具有多个氧亚烷基单元的二醇,例如二甘醇、二丙二醇、二丁撑二醇、三甘醇、三丙二醇、聚丁撑二醇等]、脂肪族二醇(例如,1,4-环己二醇、1,4-环己二甲醇、氢化双酚A等)、芳香族二醇[例如,对苯二酚、间苯二酚、萘二醇等C6-4芳香族二醇;联酚;双酚类;苯撑二甲基二醇等]等。另外,也可以根据需要混合使用丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇等多元醇。
作为上述双酚类,可列举双(4-羟基苯基)甲烷(双酚F)、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)乙烷(双酚AD)、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷(双酚A)、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丁烷、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)-3-甲基丁烷、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)己烷、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)-4-甲基戊烷等双(羟基芳基)C1-6烷烃;1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)环戊烷、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)环己烷等双(羟基芳基)C4-10环烷烃;4,4’-双(4-羟基苯基)醚;4,4’-二羟基二苯基砜;4,4’-二羟基二苯基硫化物;4,4’-二羟基二苯基酮、以及这些的烯化氧加成物。作为烯化氧加成物,可以举例为双酚类(例如,双酚A、双酚AD、双酚F等)的C2-3烯化氧加成物,例如2,2-双-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]丙烷、二乙氧基化双酚A(EBPA)、2,2-双-[4-(2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]丙烷、二丙氧基化双酚A等。在烯化氧加成物中,烯化氧加成物(环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷等C2-3烯化氧)的加成摩尔数相对于各羟基为1-10摩尔,优选1-5摩尔。
作为羟酸,包括例如羟基安息香酸、羟基萘甲酸、羟基苯乙酸、乙醇酸、羟基己酸等羟酸或者这些的衍生物等。作为内酯,包括丙内酯、丁内酯、戊内酯、己内酯(例如,ε-己内酯等)等C3-12内酯等。
作为优选的共聚性单体,可以举例为二元醇类[C2-6亚烷基二醇(乙二醇、丙撑二醇、丙二醇、己二醇等直链状亚烷基二醇等)、具有重复单元数为2-4的氧亚烷基单元的聚氧C2-4亚烷基二醇(二甘醇等)、双酚类(双酚类或者其烯化氧加成物等)等]、二羧酸类[C6-12脂肪族二羧酸(己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸等)、羧基在芳环的非对称位置上取代的非对称芳香族二羧酸、1,4-环己二甲醇等]等。这些化合物中,优选芳香族化合物如双酚类(特别是双酚A)的烯化氧加成物、以及非对称芳香族二羧酸[邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、及其反应性衍生物(间苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMI)等低级烷基酯)等]等。
共聚性单体的比例(改性量)通常为30摩尔%以下(0-30摩尔%)。在共聚物中,共聚性单体的比例例如可以选自约0.01-30摩尔%的范围,通常为1-30摩尔%(例如1-20摩尔%),优选3-25摩尔%,更优选5-20摩尔%(例如5-15摩尔%)。
从激光熔敷性的观点来看,PBT类树脂的熔点应在190℃以上(例如190-270℃),优选200-260℃,更优选210-250℃。
PBT类树脂可以通过用惯用的方法例如酯交换、直接酯化法等使对苯二甲酸或者其反应性衍生物和1,4-丁二醇和根据需要而加的可以共聚的单体进行共聚来制造。
(B)树脂(第2树脂)
在与PBT类树脂的组合中,作为使PBT类树脂的激光熔敷性得到改善的树脂(B),可列举聚碳酸酯(PC)类树脂(b1)、苯乙烯类树脂(b2)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯类树脂(PET)(b3)、和丙烯酸类树脂(b4)。这些第2树脂(B)可以单独或者二种以上组合使用。而且,在聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)和树脂(B)的组合中,树脂组合物也可以形成聚合物合金。
(b1)聚碳酸酯(PC)类树脂
聚碳酸酯类树脂中,包括根据二羟基化合物和光气或者碳酸二苯酯等碳酸酯的反应得到的聚合物。二羟基化合物也可以是脂环族化合物等,但是优选芳香族化合物(特别是双酚化合物)。二羟基化合物可以单独或者二种以上组合使用。
作为双酚化合物,可列举在上述PBT类树脂项中列举的双酚类(例如,双(羟基芳基)C1-6烷烃;双(羟基芳基)C4-10环烷烃;4,4’-二羟基二苯基醚;4,4’-二羟基二苯基砜;4,4’-二羟基二苯基硫化物;4,4’-二羟基二苯基酮等)。作为优选的聚碳酸酯类树脂,包括双酚A型聚碳酸酯。聚碳酸酯类树脂可以单独或者二种以上组合使用。
(b2)苯乙烯类树脂
作为苯乙烯类树脂,可以举例为例如苯乙烯类单体(例如苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、α-甲基苯乙烯等)的均聚物或者共聚物;苯乙烯类单体和乙烯基单体(例如(甲基)丙烯腈等不饱和腈,(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸、马来酸酐等α,β-单烯烃不饱和羧酸或者酸酐或者其酯、马来酰亚胺、N-烷基马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺等马来酰亚胺类单体等)的共聚物;苯乙烯类接枝共聚物、苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物等。作为聚苯乙烯类接枝共聚物,可以列举例如在聚丁二烯、丙烯酸橡胶、氯化聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯橡胶、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物橡胶等橡胶成分上,接枝聚合苯乙烯和丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯酸甲酯而得到的树脂(例如ABS树脂、MBS树脂等)等,作为嵌段共聚物,可列举例如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)嵌段共聚物、加氢苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)嵌段共聚物、加氢苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SEPS)嵌段共聚物等。这些苯乙烯类树脂可以单独或者二种以上组合使用。
作为优选的苯乙烯类树脂,包括聚苯乙烯(GPPS)、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物等苯乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、苯乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(AS树脂)、至少使苯乙烯类单体与橡胶成分接枝聚合的接枝共聚物[例如耐冲击性聚苯乙烯(HIPS)、ABS树脂、MBS树脂等]或者嵌段共聚物(例如SBS嵌段共聚物、SIS嵌段共聚物、SEBS嵌段共聚物、SEPS嵌段共聚物等)等。
(b3)聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)类树脂
作为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯类树脂,可列举以对苯二甲酸乙二酯为主成分(例如约50-100重量%,优选60-100重量%,更优选75-100重量%)的均聚酯或者共聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯共聚酯)等。
作为共聚酯(对苯二甲酸乙二酯类共聚物或者改性PET树脂)中的上述共聚性单体,可列举除对苯二甲酸以外的二羧酸、除乙二醇以外的二醇、羟酸、内酯等。作为这些共聚性单体,除了丁二醇,还可以分别使用在上述PBT类树脂项中列举的共聚性单体。共聚性单体可以单独或者二种以上组合使用。
作为优选的共聚性单体,可列举在上述PBT类树脂项中列举的单体,例如二元醇类[C3-6亚烷基二醇(丙撑二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇等直链状或者支链状亚烷基二醇等)]、聚氧亚烷基二醇、双酚类或者其烯化氧加成物、二羧酸类(C6-12脂肪族二羧酸、非对称芳香族二羧酸、1,4-环己二甲醇等)等。
在共聚物中,共聚性单体的比例(改性量)为1-30摩尔%,优选3-25摩尔%,更优选5-20摩尔%。
PBT类树脂可以通过用惯用的方法例如酯交换、直接酯化法等使对苯二甲酸和乙二醇和根据需要而加的共聚性单体进行共聚来获得。
(b4)丙烯酸类树脂
作为丙烯酸类树脂,包括例如(甲基)丙烯酸类单体((甲基)丙烯酸或者其酯等)的均聚物或者共聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸类单体和其它的共聚性单体的共聚物等。
作为上述(甲基)丙烯酸类单体,可列举(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯[例如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯等(甲基)丙烯酸C1-18烷基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯等(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯等]、(甲基)丙烯酰胺、(甲基)丙烯腈等。
作为其它的共聚性单体,可列举苯乙烯类单体(例如,苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、α-甲基苯乙烯、氯苯乙烯、乙烯基萘、乙烯基环己烷等)、聚合性多元羧酸(富马酸、马来酸等)、马来酰亚胺类单体(马来酰亚胺、N-烷基马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺等)、二烯类单体(异戊二烯、1,3-丁二烯、1,4-己二烯、二环戊二烯等)、乙烯基类单体(例如醋酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯等乙烯基酯类;甲基乙烯基酮、甲基异丙烯基酮等乙烯基酮类;乙烯基异丁基醚、乙烯基甲基醚等乙烯基醚类;N-乙烯基咔唑、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基咪唑等含氮乙烯基单体等)等。这些共聚性单体可以单独或者二种以上组合使用。
作为优选的丙烯酸类树脂,可以举例为例如聚(甲基)丙烯酸、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)等)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物(MS树脂)等。
在这些树脂(B)中,优选聚碳酸酯类树脂(b1)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯类树脂(b3),特别优选聚碳酸酯类树酯(b1)。
上述树脂(B)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)的比例可以在不损害激光熔敷性的范围内适当选择,例如,前者/后者(重量比)=0.1/1-1.5/1,优选0.20/1-1.2/1,更优选0.25/1-1.2/1(例如0.3/1-1.1/1)。这样的树脂组合物相对于激光的透过性高,可以与配对材料的成形体有效地熔敷。
树脂组合物也可以含有补强材料(C)。作为这样的补强材料(C),包括纤维状补强材料[例如,无机质纤维(例如,玻璃纤维、石棉纤维、碳纤维、二氧化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、二氧化硅·氧化铝纤维、氧化锆纤维、钛酸钾纤维、碳化硅纤维、须晶纤维(碳化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅等须晶纤维等)等)、有机质纤维(例如,由脂肪族或者芳香族聚酰胺、芳香族聚酯、含氟树脂、聚丙烯腈等丙烯酸树脂、人造丝等形成的纤维等)等]、板状补强材料(例如,滑石、云母、玻璃片、石墨等)、粉粒状补强材料[例如,玻璃珠、玻璃粉、研磨纤维(milled fiber)(例如研磨玻璃纤维等)、硅灰石(wollastonite)等]。而且,硅灰石也可以是板状、柱状、纤维状等形式。纤维状补强材料的平均直径可以是1-50μm(优选3-30μm),平均长度可以是100μm-3mm(优选500μm-1mm)。另外,板状或者粉粒状补强材料的平均直径可以是0.1-100μm,优选0.1-50μm。这些补强材料可以单独或者二种以上组合使用。
在这些补强材料之中,优选可以使激光透过的补强材料。这样的补强材料可以根据激光的波长进行选择。作为这样的补强材料,可以列举例如玻璃类或者玻璃质补强材料(玻璃纤维、玻璃片、玻璃珠、玻璃粉等)等,特别优选玻璃纤维,例如具有高强度和刚性的玻璃纤维(切短纤维等)等。
树脂组合物中补强材料(C)的比例是例如1-60重量%,优选5-50重量%,更优选10-45重量%。
也可以向树脂组合物中加入各种添加剂,例如稳定剂(抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、热稳定剂等)、阻燃剂、滑剂、脱模剂、抗静电剂、填充剂(无机填充剂等)、染料等着色剂、分散剂、增塑剂等。另外,如果需要,也可以与其它的树脂(热塑性树脂、热固化性树脂等)组合使用。
本发明的PBT类树脂组合物也可以是粉粒状混合物或熔融混合物(颗粒等)。由本发明的树脂组合物可以制造成形性高、机械强度和耐热性高的成形体或者成形品。特别是,用本发明的树脂组合物形成的成形品虽然由PBT类树脂组合物形成,但是光线透过性(特别是相对于激光的光线透过性)高,适合激光熔敷。例如,用含有玻璃纤维的PBT类树脂组合物通过注射模塑成形(模温度40℃)形成的厚3mm的成形品中,对800-1100nm波长的光线透射比为15%以上(例如,17-70%),优选18%以上(例如,20-60%),更优选22%以上(例如,25-50%)。而且,本发明的树脂组合物对于激光的熔敷性高,所以可用于制造利用激光进行熔敷的成形体。
[成形体]
成形体可以用常用的方法制造由PBT类树脂(A)、树脂(B)、优选的补强材料(C)构成的树脂组合物后,成形而成。具体为例如(1)将各成分混合,用单轴或者双轴挤压机进行混合并挤压而调制成粒状,然后成形的方法,(2)先调制组成不同的颗粒(母料),将该规定量颗粒混合(稀释)并提供给成形,从而获得规定组成的成形品的方法,(3)直接向成形机中加入各成分中的1种或者2种以上的方法等。而且,颗粒也可以例如通过将除脆性成分(玻璃类补强材料等)之外的成分熔融混合后,再混合脆性成分的方法调制。
成形体也可以通过将上述PBT类树脂组合物熔融混炼后,用挤压成形、注射模塑成形、模压成形、吹塑成形、真空成形、旋压成形、气体塑料注射成形法等常用的方法成形,但是通常用注射模塑成形法进行成形。而且,注射模塑成形时的模温度为23-90℃,优选23-60℃,更优选30-50℃。
对成形品的形状没有特别限制,但是由于通过激光熔敷将成形品与配对材料(其它的树脂成形品)接合而使用,所以通常是至少具有接触面(平面等)的形状(例如板状)。另外,本发明的成形体由于相对于激光的透过性高,所以激光透过部位的成形品的厚度(激光透过方向的厚度)可以选择较宽的范围,也可以是例如0.1-5mm,优选0.1-3mm(例如0.5-2mm)。
作为激光光源,没有特别限制,例如,可以使用色素激光器、气体激光器(激元激光器、氩气激光器、氪激光器、氦氖激光器等)、固体激光器(YAG激光器等)、半导体激光器等。作为激光,通常使用脉冲激光。
还有,激光扫描速度(激光照射位置在样品上移动的速度)可以任意选择。但是,在需要足够的熔敷时,如果扫描速度快,有可能引起熔敷不良,所以激光扫描速度应为0-150mm/秒,优选0-100mm/秒,更优选0-50mm/秒。
上述成形品由于激光熔敷性优异,所以通常优选通过激光熔敷使其与配对材料的树脂成形品进行熔敷,但是如果需要,也可以用其它的热熔敷法,例如振动熔敷法、超声波熔敷法、加热板熔敷法等使其与其它的树脂成形品熔敷。
本发明的复合成形品通常是将由上述PBT类树脂组合物形成的成形品(第1成形品)和配对材料的树脂成形品(第2成形品,被附体)通过激光熔敷进行接合而完成一体化而成的。例如,可以通过使第1成形品和第2成形品接触(特别是至少使接合部分进行面接触)后,照射激光,使第1成形品和第2成形品的界面局部熔化而使接合面粘合,之后通过冷却将二种成形品进行接合、一体化,成为一个成形体。在这样的复合成形体中,如果使用本发明的成形体,则可通过熔敷获得高的接合强度,从而可以保持与用激光照射时不发生熔敷的非熔敷部件相同的高熔敷强度。因此,即使进行激光熔敷实际上也不会使接合强度下降,可以获得牢固接合的复合成形体。例如,如果把非熔敷材料的强度设定为“100”,则可以获得以80-100的熔敷强度接合的复合成形体。
作为构成上述配对材料的树脂成形品的树脂,没有特别限制,可列举各种热塑性树脂,例如烯烃类树脂、乙烯基类树脂、苯乙烯类树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、聚酯类树脂、聚酰胺类树脂、聚碳酸酯类树脂等。在这些树脂之中,也可以由与构成上述PBT类树脂组合物的树脂相同种类或者相同类别的树脂(PBT类树脂、PET类树脂等聚酯类树脂,聚碳酸酯类树脂、苯乙烯类树脂、丙烯酸类树脂等)或者其组合物构成配对材料。例如,也可以分别由本发明的PBT类树脂组合物形成第1成形体和第2成形体。
被附体中也可以含有相对于激光的吸收剂或者着色剂。上述着色剂可以根据激光的波长进行选择,可列举无机颜料[碳黑(例如乙炔碳黑、灯黑、热裂法碳黑、炉黑、槽法碳黑、ketjen黑等)等黑色颜料,红色氧化铁等红色颜料,钼橙等橙色颜料、氧化钛等白色颜料等]、有机颜料(黄色颜料、橙色颜料、红色颜料、蓝色颜料、绿色颜料等)等。这些吸收剂可以单独或者二种以上组合使用。作为吸收剂,通常可以使用黑色颜料或者染料,特别是碳黑。碳黑的平均粒径通常为10-1000nm,优选10-100nm。着色剂的比例相对于被附体整体为0.1-10重量%,优选0.3-5重量%(例如0.3-3重量%)。
激光照射通常从第1成形体向第2成形体的方向进行,通过在包括吸收剂或者着色剂的第2成形体的界面上放热,使第1成形体和第2成形体进行熔敷。而且,也可以根据需要使用透镜,在第1成形品和第2成形品的界面上使激光聚光,从而在接触界面进行熔敷。
作为本发明优选的方式,包括由PBT类树脂(A)和聚碳酸酯(PC)类树脂(B)(和根据需要而加的可以透过激光的补强材料(C))构成的激光熔敷用PBT类树脂组合物。PC类树脂(B)和PBT类树脂(A)的比例(重量比)也可以为0.1/1-1.5/1。作为上述PBT类树脂(A),可列举PBT或者用约30摩尔%以下的共聚性单体(双酚类或者其烯化氧加成物、非对称芳香族二羧酸、以及这些的可以形成酯的衍生物等)改性的PBT类共聚物。上述树脂组合物在由注射模塑成形形成的厚3mm的成形品中,800-1100nm波长的光线透射比也可以在15%以上。
作为本发明更加优选的方式,还包括由选自PBT、以及用1-20摩尔%的共聚性单体改性的PBT类共聚物中的至少一种PBT类树脂(A)和PC类树脂(B)(和根据需要而加的玻璃纤维(C))构成的激光熔敷用PBT类树脂组合物,其中上述树脂(B)和PBT类树脂(A)的比例(重量比)为0.1/1-1.5/1,上述共聚性单体为选自邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、双酚A的烯化氧加成物、以及这些的反应性衍生物中的至少一种。
作为本发明的优选的方式,还包括由上述树脂组合物形成的成形品、将该成形品和配对材料的树脂成形品通过激光熔敷进行接合而成的复合成形品。
在本发明中,由于将PBT类树脂和特定的树脂组合使用,所以可以获得以PBT类树脂为基础、同时激光熔敷性也优异的组合物和成形品、以高的熔敷强度进行接合的复合成形品。另外,可以提高PBT类树脂成形品的光线透射比和熔敷强度。
本发明的树脂组合物由于利用激光时的熔敷性高,所以有利于制造使用激光进行熔敷的成形体。另外,本发明的成形品由于激光熔敷性优异,所以有利于通过激光熔敷使其与配对材料的树脂成形品进行熔敷。得到的复合成形品由于具有高的熔敷强度,激光照射对PBT类树脂产生的损坏少,所以可以适用于各种用途,例如电气·电子部件、办公自动化(OA)机器部件、家电机器部件、机械结构部件、汽车结构部件等。特别适合用于汽车电气安装部件(各种控制器、点火线圈部件等)、发动机部件、各种传感器部件、连接器部件、开关部件、继电器部件、线圈部件、变压器部件、灯部件等。
实施例
下面,根据实施例更加详细地说明本发明,但是本发明并不限于这些
实施例。
在实施例和比较例中,使用以下的PBT类树脂(A)、树脂(B)和玻璃纤维(C)。
PBT类树脂(A)
(A-1)聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(胜技(株)制,DX2000)
(A-2)间苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMI)改性PBT树脂
在对苯二甲酸和1,4-丁二醇的反应中,将对苯二甲酸的一部分(12.5mol%)代替为作为共聚成分的DMI 12.5mol%,从而调制改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯。
(A-3)二乙氧基双酚A(EBPA)改性PBT树脂
在对苯二甲酸和1,4-丁二醇的反应中,使用作为共聚成分的10.0mol%EBPA代替1,4-丁二醇的一部分即10.0mol%,从而调制改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯。
树脂(B)
(B-1)聚碳酸酯(PC)树脂(帝人化成(株)制,パンライトL-1225)
(B-2)丙烯腈-苯乙烯(AS)树脂(ダイセル化学工业(株)制,セビアンN AP-20)
(B-3)聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)树脂(帝人(株)制,TR8580HP)
玻璃纤维(C)
使用平均纤维直为径11μm、平均纤维长3mm的玻璃纤维。
实施例1-24和比较例1-13
按照表1-4中所示的比例,使用PBT类树脂(A)和树脂(B)及玻璃纤维(C),用双轴挤压机(日本制钢所制,30mmφ)在250℃下进行混炼,制作颗粒。使用得到的颗粒通过注射模塑成形机((株)东芝制),在料筒温度为250℃、表中所示的模温度的条件下形成试验片A(长7cm×宽10cm×厚3mm)。
另外,除了使用100重量份上述颗粒和3重量份着黑色用碳黑(胜技(株)制,商品名“2020B”)将与上述试验片A熔敷的试验片B着色以外,与试验片A相同地制作试验片B。而且,试验片B作为利用激光产生热的发热体使用。
如图1和图2中所示,在把试验片A 3相对于试验片B 4局部重叠而使其接触的状态下,用丙烯酸板5和金属板6夹住试验片A和试验片B进行固定,使用(株)日本LASER制激光熔敷机(FLS iron),调整焦点后,在试验片A和B的接触面上使来自光源1的激光2聚光成线宽达W(2mm),从试验片A3侧,在表中所示的激光功率和扫描速度的条件下照射激光进行熔敷。
而且,在表1中所示的实施例和比较例中,用波长810nm的激光进行照射。
另外,在表2-4中所示的实施例和比较例中,使用石英玻璃代替上述丙烯酸板,同时作为激光熔敷机使用ライスタ-社制激光熔敷机(MODULAS熔敷系统C型),用波长940nm的激光进行照射。
(1)熔敷强度的测量
使用拉伸试验仪(东洋ボ-ルドウイン制,UTM-2.5T)按照5mm/分钟的速度拉伸剪切经激光熔敷的试验片A和试验片B,测量熔敷强度。
(2)光线透射比
使用分光光度计(日本分光(株)制,V570),测量波长940nm的试验片A的光线透射比。
实施例和比较例的结果示于表1-4中。
表1
实施例 比较例
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  1  2  3
(A)PBT类树脂(重量份)
(A-1)PBT树脂 45  65  70  100
(A-2)DMI改性PBT树脂  45  40  40  35  45  65  70
(A-3)EBPA改性PBT树脂  45
(B)树脂(重量份)
(B-1)PC树脂 25  25  25  25  35  35
(B-2)AS树脂  30
(B-3)PET树脂  30  35
(C)玻璃纤维(重量份) 30  30  30  30  30  30  30  0  0  30  30  0
(B)/(A)重量比 0.56/1  0.56/1  0.56/1  0.75/1  0.75/1  1.00/1  0.56/1  0.54/1  0.54/1  0/1  0/1  0/1
模温度(℃) 40  40  40  40  40  40  40  40  40  40  40  40
激光功率(W) 34  34  34  34  34  34  34  34  34  34  34  34
扫描速度(mm/秒) 3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3
光线透射比(940nm)(%) 25  30  30  22  23  25  31  30  35  12  13  14
激光熔敷强度(MPa) 27  31  30  31  31  32  30  11  12  0  0  0
表2
实施例 比较例
10  11  12  13  14  4  5
(A)PBT类树脂(重量份)
(A-1)PBT树脂 49  45  70
(A-2)DMI改性PBT树脂  45  35  45  70
(B)树脂(重量份)
(B-1)PC树脂 21  25  25
(B-2)AS树脂  25
(B-3)PET树脂  35
(C)玻璃纤维(重量份) 30  30  30  30  30  30  30
(B)/(A)重量比 0.43/1  0.56/1  0.56/1  1.0/1  0.56/1  0/1  0/1
模温度(℃) 40  40  40  40  40  40  40
激光功率(W) 24  24  24  24  24  24  24
扫描速度(mm/秒) 3  3  3  3  3  3  3
光线透射比(940nm)(%) 23  25  30  25  17  12  13
激光熔敷强度(MPa) 20  31  32  30  15  0  0
表3
实施例 比较例
15  16  17  18  19  6  7  8  9
  (A)PBT类树脂(重量份)
  (A-1)PBT树脂 49  70  70
  (A-2)DMI改性PBT树脂  49  63  56  49  70  70
  (B)树脂(重量份)
  (B-1)PC树脂 21  21  7  14  21
  (C)玻璃纤维(重量份) 30  30  30  30  30  30  30  30  30
  (B)/(A)重量比 0.43/1  0.43/1  0.11/1  0.25/1  0.43/1  0/1  0/1  0/1  0/1
  模温度(℃) 80  80  80  80  80  80  80  80  80
  激光功率(W) 23  23  27  27  27  23  23  27  27
  扫描速度(mm/秒) 2  2  3  3  3  2  2  3  3
  光线透射比(940nm)(%) 18  22  17  20  22  11  13  11  13
  激光熔敷强度(MPa) 15  35  11  20  33  0  4  0  0
表4
实施例 比较例
20  21  22  23  24  10  11  12  13
(A)PBT类树脂(重量份)
(A-1)PBT树脂  70  70
(A-2)DMI改性PBT树脂 56  45  45  45  45  70  70
(B)树脂(重量份)
(B-1)PC树脂 14  25  25  25  25
(C)玻璃纤维(重量份) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
(B)/(A)重量比 0.25/1  0.56/1  0.56/1  0.56/1  0.56/1  0/1  0/1  0/1  0/1
模温度(℃) 80  80  80  80  80  80  80  80  80
激光功率(W) 60  60  60  60  60  60  60  60  60
扫描速度(mm/秒) 20  20  50  100  150  20  20  50  50
光线透射比(940nm)(%) 20  24  24  24  24  11  13  11  13
激光熔敷强度(MPa) 25  28  23  15  14  0  0  0  0
在实施例中,相对于激光的透射比和熔敷强度高,可以改善熔敷强度。与此相反,在比较例中,所有的试样都不能完成激光熔敷,或者即使显示出激光熔敷性,也明显低。

Claims (11)

1.一种激光熔敷用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂组合物,其特征在于由聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)和选自聚碳酸酯类树脂(b1)、苯乙烯类树脂(b2)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯类树脂(b3)、丙烯酸类树脂(b4)中的至少一种树脂(B)构成。
2.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)是聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、或者用共聚性单体改性的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类共聚物。
3.如权利要求2所述的树脂组合物,其中共聚性单体是选自双酚类或者其烯化氧加成物、非对称芳香族二羧酸、以及它们的可以形成酯的衍生物中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求2所述的树脂组合物,其中共聚性单体是选自邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、双酚A的烯化氧加成物、以及它们的反应性衍生物的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中树脂(B)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)的比例是前者/后者(重量比)=0.1/1-1.5/1。
6.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其在由注射模塑成形形成的厚度为3mm的成形品中,800-1100nm波长的光线透射比在15%以上。
7.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中还含有可以使激光透过的补强材料。
8.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中还含有玻璃纤维。
9.一种激光熔敷用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂组合物,其由选自聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯和用0.01-30摩尔%的共聚性单体改性的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类共聚物中的至少一种聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A),和选自聚碳酸酯类树脂(b1)、苯乙烯类树脂(b2)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯类树脂(b3)、和丙烯酸类树脂(b4)中的至少一种树脂(B)构成,上述树脂(B)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯类树脂(A)的比例是前者/后者(重量比)=0.1/1-1.5/1,上述共聚性单体是选自邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、双酚A的烯化氧加成物、以及它们的反应性衍生物中的至少一种。
10.一种成形品,由权利要求1所述的树脂组合物形成。
11.一种复合成形品,其是将由权利要求1所述的树脂组合物形成的成形品和配对材料的树脂成形品通过激光熔敷接合而形成。
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