CN1433268A - 表面活性剂溶剂体系 - Google Patents
表面活性剂溶剂体系 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1433268A CN1433268A CN00818687A CN00818687A CN1433268A CN 1433268 A CN1433268 A CN 1433268A CN 00818687 A CN00818687 A CN 00818687A CN 00818687 A CN00818687 A CN 00818687A CN 1433268 A CN1433268 A CN 1433268A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- surfactant
- weight
- active substance
- alcohol
- solvent
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- -1 poly(alkyl) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012868 active agrochemical ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008297 liquid dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005594 Phenmedipham Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- IDOWTHOLJBTAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenmedipham Chemical compound COC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(OC(=O)NC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 IDOWTHOLJBTAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IRCMYGHHKLLGHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl methanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C=C2C(C)(C)C(OCC)OC2=C1 IRCMYGHHKLLGHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005512 Ethofumesate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005503 Desmedipham Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WZJZMXBKUWKXTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N desmedipham Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(OC(=O)NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 WZJZMXBKUWKXTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 3
- NJGCRMAPOWGWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphosphonic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCP(O)(O)=O NJGCRMAPOWGWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- TXPYHRFTMYVSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tris(2-methylpropyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC(C)C)=C1CC(C)C TXPYHRFTMYVSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- TVFWYUWNQVRQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tris(2-phenylethenyl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(O)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 TVFWYUWNQVRQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005579 Metamitron Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- VHCNQEUWZYOAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N metamitron Chemical compound O=C1N(N)C(C)=NN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHCNQEUWZYOAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000640882 Condea Species 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N deltamethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005820 Prochloraz Substances 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BACHBFVBHLGWSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl BACHBFVBHLGWSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BACHBFVBHLGWSL-JTQLQIEISA-N rac-diclofop methyl Natural products C1=CC(O[C@@H](C)C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl BACHBFVBHLGWSL-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOP(=O)(OCCOCCCC)OCCOCCCC WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LQIAZOCLNBBZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,2-Diphosphanylethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound PCC(P)N1CCCC1=O LQIAZOCLNBBZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUBJCRLGQSPQNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenylurea Chemical class NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 LUBJCRLGQSPQNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QFMDFTQOJHFVNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-ethylphenyl)ethyl]-4-ethylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(CC)C=C1 QFMDFTQOJHFVNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MPPOHAUSNPTFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OC1=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2O1 MPPOHAUSNPTFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
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Landscapes
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
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- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于液体剂型的表面活性剂/溶剂体系，包括α)一种或多种非芳族表面活性剂，β)作为溶剂，一种或多种磷酸与醇的三酯。该酯不溶于水或以至多10g/l，优选至多5g/l，特别是至多2g/l的浓度溶于水，其中所述醇优选下列一组1)具有5－22个碳原子的一元链烷醇，例如正－，异－或新戊醇，正己醇，正辛醇，2－乙基己醇，2)二醇或多元醇，如乙二醇，丙二醇或丙三醇，3)芳基，烷芳基，聚(烷基)芳基和聚(芳烷基)芳基醇，例如苯酚和/或甲苯酚，辛基苯酚，壬基苯酚，三异丁基苯酚，三苯乙烯基苯酚，4)由上述1)，2)或3)的醇与烯化氧，优选(C1－C4)烯化氧反应制得的烷氧基化醇，以及5)由具有1－4个碳原子的一元链烷醇与烯化氧反应制得的烷氧基化醇。本发明的表面活性剂/溶剂体系适用于制备液体活性物质制剂。
Description
本发明涉及用于活性物质，特别是农业化学活性物质的液体剂型(也称作液体制剂)的表面活性剂和溶剂混配(表面活性剂/溶剂体系)领域。本发明优选涉及用于一种或多种农业化学活性物质的单相制剂的表面活性剂/溶剂体系，其中至少一种活性物质，优选每种活性物质都不易溶于水。具体地，本发明涉及基于有机溶剂和不同极性农业化学活性物质的乳油(EC)。还可以是油基乳剂或胶悬剂剂型，以及优选是含有一种或多种选自除草剂，杀虫剂，杀菌剂，杀螨剂，杀软体动物剂，杀鼠剂和/或木材防腐剂的农业化学活性物质的乳油。本发明优选的，尤其是甜菜用除草剂如甜菜安，甜菜宁，乙氧呋草黄，苯嗪草酮以及在物理和使用特性方面相似类型的除草剂，例如选自苯氧基苯氧基丙酸酯或杂芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯系列的除草剂。
通常，活性物质不是以纯物质的形式使用，而是根据应用领域以及应用形式中所需物理性质，与特定的助剂混合，即采用“配制剂”。很多情况下，替代单一活性物质，上述制剂含有各种活性物质的混剂，可充分利用单一活性物质的联合特性或由于单一活性物质混合后产生增效，即它们的活性以超加合方式提高。
与制剂类型以及制剂中是否含有一种或多种活性物质无关，农业领域应用的目的特别是需要获得上述制剂的尽可能最高的活性物质浓度(“装载量”)，因为活性物质的高浓度可以降低使用体积，从而可以节省与应用的助剂相关的材料以及节约包装和运输成本。
因此值得研究的一个原则性问题是制备高度浓缩稳定制剂以及与环境友好助剂的共制剂。
原则上，根据特定的生物和/或理化参数，可将活性物质制成各种剂型。通常，适合制剂的实例可包括可湿性粉剂(WP)，水包油(O/W)或油包水(W/O)型乳剂，悬浮剂(SC)，悬浮乳剂(SE)，乳油(EC)，或土壤施用或撒播颗粒剂，或水分散性颗粒剂(WG)。上述制剂类型基本上都是已知的并公开在，例如：Winnacker-Küchler，“Chemische Technologie”[化学工艺]，7卷，C.Hauser-Verlag，Munich，第4版，1986；vanValkenburg，“Pesticide Formulations”，Marcel-Dekker N.Y.，1973；K.Martens，“Spray Drying Handbook”，第3版，1979，G.GoodwinLtd.London。
除草剂的液体制剂也是已知的。因此，例如WO-A-85/01286公开了含有甜菜宁和/或苯嗪草酮的液体制剂。本发明可提及的溶剂包括多元醇的酯，醚，酮，水不溶性醇，(聚)乙二醇以及植物油，和矿物来源的油，通常仅用于上述液剂的适合的乳化剂包括非离子，以及两性，阳离子或阴离子表面活性剂。
除了溶剂基乳油，用于上述活性物质的适合的特别是含水胶悬剂(SC)或悬浮乳剂(SE)。上述制剂公开在，例如EP-A0514769，WO-A-95/23505，EP-A-0637910和WO-A-92/09195中。
FR-A-2597720，FR-A-2599593和FR-A-904874中公开了与(至少)一种双氨基甲酸酯类除草剂(特别是甜菜宁或甜菜安)混合的乳油-与上述引用的公开文本不一致-包括磷酸三丁酯和与水可混溶的溶剂，如特别是N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)组成的溶剂混合物。
另外，EP-A-0328217公开了一种含有乙氧呋草黄以及作为溶剂的磷酸三丁酯的乳油。最后提及的制剂类型的缺点是使用磷酸三丁酯，因为它被认为是危险化学品(参见，例如Chemikaliengesetz[化学品条例])。但是并不是不能，或禁止使用磷酸三丁酯，只是通常应用时需要一定的条件或一般产生一些问题。
而且，已知在某些情况下，可通过低分子量的有机化合物增强一些农药活性物质的生物活性。因此，根据BE-A-597284，基于正磷酸和烷基-、芳基-、烷芳基-、环烷基-和/或杂环基醇的酯或偏酯适于增加除草剂活性，例如除草的苯脲衍生物如灭草隆，吡咯类如杀草强，三嗪类如西玛津以及丙酸衍生物类如茅草枯。本文中作为助剂特别公开的磷酸酯仅仅包括相对未极化的或可完全溶于水的磷酸酯，它们不适合于乳油的制备。
DE-A-2914164公开了对作物具有脱水作用的除草剂，即例如选自苯脲类(例如甲氧隆，敌草隆)或三嗪类(例如莠去津，西玛津)除草剂，与在工业冶金学中用于制备金属或作为聚合物增塑剂的磷基组分混合时可产生增效活性。由公开文献清楚可见，例如在工业冶金中用于制备金属或作为聚合物增塑剂的这些磷基组分在该发明中用作活性物质而不是作为溶剂。换句话说，这表示该公开文献中的磷酸衍生物是活性物质，而不是传统意义上的农业化学活性物质的溶剂或载体。还可由日本专利说明书JA29878/69中看出例如公开的磷酸三丁氧基乙酯(TBEP)作为活性物质，而不是作为溶剂。
令人惊奇地，现已发现某些表面活性剂/溶剂体系以特定方式适用于制备液体剂型如油分散剂，悬浮乳剂，W/O-或O/W-基乳剂以及特别是乳油以及相应的由它们制备的水喷雾混合物。
因此本发明涉及用于液体剂型(制剂)的表面活性剂/溶剂体系，包括
α)一种或多种非芳族表面活性剂，
β)作为溶剂，一种或多种磷酸与醇的三酯，其中所述醇优选下列一组1)具有5-22个碳原子的一元链烷醇，例如正-，异-或新戊醇，正己醇，正辛醇，2-乙基己醇，
2)二醇或多元醇，如乙二醇，丙二醇或丙三醇，
3)芳基，烷芳基，聚(烷基)芳基和聚(芳烷基)芳基醇，例如苯酚和/或甲苯酚，辛基苯酚，壬基苯酚，三异丁基苯酚，三苯乙烯基苯酚，
4)由上述1)，2)或3)的醇与烯化氧，优选(C1-C4)烯化氧反应制得的烷氧基化醇，以及
5)由具有1-4个碳原子的一元链烷醇与烯化氧，优选(C1-C4)烯化氧反应制得的烷氧基化醇，
三酯是不溶于水的或以至多10g/l，优选至多5g/l，特别是至多2g/l的浓度溶于水，
(＝本发明的表面活性剂/溶剂体系)。
本发明涉及的主题还包括液体活性物质剂型，特别是液体农业化学的，例如液体除草活性物质剂型，包括
(a)一种或多种活性物质，特别是农业化学品，例如除草活性物质，该活性物质不溶于水或以至多10g/l的浓度溶于水，
(b)本发明的表面活性剂/溶剂体系(＝组分混合物(b))，
(c)非必要的其它有机溶剂以及
(d)非必要的常规助剂和添加剂如其它表面活性剂，聚合物，肥料，香料，蒸发抑制剂，增稠剂，色料，防冻剂和/或防腐剂，以及
(e)非必要的水。
本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系中存在的非芳族表面活性剂α)，例如杂环-，烯烃-，脂族-或环脂族表面活性剂α)，包括例如具有表面活性的被一个或多个烷基取代并随后衍生，例如烷氧基化，并可溶于溶剂相中的吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吡咯、吡咯烷、呋喃、噻吩、苯并恶唑、苯并噻唑和三唑化合物，它们适于乳化溶剂相-与溶解于其中的活性物质一起-当用水稀释时(获得喷雾混合物)。
上述表面活性剂α)的实例如下所示，EO代表环氧乙烷单元，PO代表环氧丙烷单元以及BO代表环氧丁烷单元：
α.1)具有10-24个碳原子的脂肪族醇，并以任意顺序带有0-60个EO和/或0-20个PO和/或0-15个BO。这些化合物的末端羟基可被1-24个碳原子的烷基，环烷基或酰基端基封闭。这些化合物的实例包括：Clariant公司的GenapolC，L，O，T，UD，UDD，X品牌系列，BASF公司的Plurafac和LutensolA，AT，ON，TO品牌系列，Condea公司的Marlipal24和013品牌系列，Henkel公司的Dehypon品牌，Akzo-Nobel公司的Ethylan品牌如Ethylan CD 120。
α.2)α.1)中所述产品的醚羧酸盐，磺酸盐，硫酸盐和磷酸盐以及它们的无机盐(例如碱金属盐和碱土金属盐)和有机盐(例如胺或链烷醇胺盐)形式的阴离子衍生物，如Clariant公司的GenapolLRO，Sandopan品牌，Hostaphat/Hordaphos品牌。
由EO，PO和/或BO单元组成的共聚物如，例如嵌段共聚物如BASF公司的Pluronic品牌和Uniquema公司的Synperonic品牌，其分子量为400-108。
C1-C9醇的烯化氧加成物如Uniquema公司的Atlox5000或Clariant公司的Hoe-S3510。
α.3)和α.4)所述产品的醚羧酸盐，磺酸盐，硫酸盐和磷酸盐以及它们的无机盐(例如碱金属盐和碱土金属盐)和有机盐(例如胺或链烷醇胺盐)形式的阴离子衍生物。
α.3)脂肪酸和甘油三酯烷氧基化物如Condea公司的SerdoxNOG品牌或Clariant公司的Emulsogen品牌，脂族，环脂族和烯烃羧酸和多元羧酸盐，以及α-磺基脂肪酸酯如Henkel公司的那些产品。
α.4)脂肪酰胺烷氧基化物如Henkel公司的Comperlan品牌或Rhodia公司的Amam品牌。
炔二醇的烯化氧加成物如Air Products公司的Surfynol品牌。糖衍生物如Clariant公司的氨基糖和酰氨基糖，Clariant公司的山梨醇，Henkel公司的APG品牌类型的烷基多苷或如Uniquema公司的Span或Tween品牌类型的脱水山梨醇酯或Wacker公司的环糊精酯或环糊精醚。
α.5)表面活性纤维素和藻酸铵，果胶和瓜耳胶衍生物如Clariant公司的Tylose品牌，Kelco公司的Manutex品牌和Cesalpina公司的瓜耳胶衍生物。
多元醇烯化氧加成物，如Clariant公司的Polyglykol品牌。Clariant公司的表面活性聚甘油酯及其衍生物。
α.6)磺基琥珀酸盐，链烷磺酸盐，链烷烃-和烯烃磺酸盐如Clariant公司的Netzer IS，HoeS1728，HostapurOS，HostapurSAS，Union Carbide公司的TritonGR7ME和GR5，Albright and Wilson公司的Empimin品牌，Condea公司的Marlon-PS65。
α.7)磺基琥珀酰胺酸酯如Cytec公司的Aerosol品牌或Albright and Wilson公司的Empimin品牌。
α.8)脂肪胺，8-22个碳原子(C8-C22)的季铵化合物的烯化氧加成物，例如Clariant公司的GenaminC，L，O，T品牌。
α.9)表面活性的，两性离子化合物如Goldschmidt公司的Tegotain品牌类型的氨基乙磺酸盐，甜菜碱和磺基甜菜碱，Clariant公司的HostaponT和ArkoponT品牌。
α.10)硅氧烷-或硅烷基表面活性化合物如Goldschmidt公司的Tegopren品牌和Wacker公司的SE品牌以及Rhodia公司的Bevaloid，Rhodorsil和Silcolapse品牌(DowCorning，Reliance，GE，Bayer)。
α.11)全氟或多氟化表面活性化合物如Clariant公司的Fluowet品牌，Bayer公司的Bayowet品牌，Dupont公司的Zonyl品牌和Daikin and Asahi Glass公司的上述类型的产品。
α.12)例如Bayer公司的表面活性磺酰胺类化合物。
α.13)表面活性聚丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸衍生物如BASF公司的Sokalan品牌。
α.14)表面活性聚酰胺如Bayer公司的改性明胶或衍生的聚天冬氨酸，及其衍生物。
α.15)表面活性剂聚乙烯基化合物如改性PVP，如BASF公司的Luviskol品牌和ISP公司的Agrimer品牌或衍生的聚乙酸乙烯酯如Clariant公司的Mowilith品牌或聚丁酸乙烯酯如BASF公司的Lutonal品牌，Wacker公司的Vinnapas和Pioloform品牌或改性聚乙烯醇如Clariant公司的Mowiol品牌。
α.16)基于马来酐和/或马来酐反应产物的表面活性聚合物，以及包括马来酐和/或马来酐反应产物的共聚物，如ISP公司的Agrimer-VEMA品牌。
α.17)褐煤蜡、聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡的表面活性衍生物如Clariant公司的Hoechst蜡或Licowet品牌。
α.18)表面活性膦酸盐和次膦酸盐如Clariant公司的Fluowet-PL。
α.19)多卤化的或全卤化的表面活性剂，例如Clariant公司的Emulsogen-1557。
本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系的溶剂组分[组分(β)]是完全反应的，未水解的酯，即磷酸，特别是正磷酸与醇的三酯，其中所述的酯不溶于水或至多以10g/l的最大浓度溶于水。特别优选的适于用作组分(β)的化合物是具有烯化氧单元，例如(C1-C4)烯化氧单元的那些化合物，例如三(丁氧基乙基)磷酸酯(TBEP)。优选的烯化氧单元是(C1-C4)烯化氧单元，例如乙烯氧基，丙烯氧基和/或丁烯氧基单元，特别是丙烯氧基和/或乙烯氧基单元，上述单元优选位于磷酸酯的醇部分。组分(β)优选每一醇单元中具有1-4个烯化氧单元，优选1-4个(C1-C4)烯化氧单元。组分(β)的分子量优选小于1000。组分(β)化合物优选具有如下特性即在水溶液中不形成胶束凝集体，例如可通过光散射测量法或其它方法检测到的胶束凝集体。这还可将它们与磷酸酯表面活性剂区分开。
适合的组分(β)的实例是形式上与醇反应三次的磷酸如正磷酸三酯，以及形式上与醇反应一次和/或两次的磷酸如正磷酸的烷氧基化物(oxalkylates)。适合的组分(β)的实例是磷酸与选自下组的醇的三酯
1)具有5-22个碳原子的一元链烷醇，例如正-，异-或新戊醇，正己醇，正辛醇，2-乙基己醇，
2)二醇或多元醇，如乙二醇，丙二醇或丙三醇，
3)芳基，烷芳基，聚(烷基)芳基和聚(芳烷基)芳基醇，例如苯酚和/或甲苯酚，辛基苯酚，壬基苯酚，三异丁基苯酚，三苯乙烯基苯酚，
4)由上述1)，2)或3)的醇与烯化氧，优选1-4个单元的(C1-C4)烯化氧反应制得的烷氧基化醇，以及
5)由具有1-4个碳原子的一元链烷醇与烯化氧，优选1-4个单元的(C1-C4)烯化氧反应制得的烷氧基化醇，
上述的酯不溶于水或以至多10g/l的最高浓度溶于水。
优选的磷酸酯(组分β)是，例如，
-由在烷基部分具有1-22个碳原子以及在聚烯化氧部分具有1-30，优选1-4个烯化氧单元的烷氧基化短链醇与正磷酸完全反应得到的，例如三(丁氧基乙基)磷酸酯，
-由具有5-22个碳原子的烷基醇与正磷酸完全反应得到的，例如Hostaphat CG 120(Clariant)，磷酸三正辛酯(“TOF”，Bayer)，以及
-由烷基部分具有1-22个碳原子的可选择地烷氧基化的醇和苯酚衍生物与正磷酸部分反应得到的，每种情况下在聚烯化氧部分带有0-30，优选0-4个烯化氧单元的，正磷酸中剩余的OH价随后烷氧基化，例如一/二丁氧基乙基磷酸酯和2mol环氧乙烷或2mol环氧丙烷的反应产物。
令人惊奇地，本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系可用于制备稳定的活性物质剂型，例如不溶于水或以至多10g/l的最高浓度溶于水的活性物质，特别是农业化学的，例如除草的活性物质制剂。上述活性物质剂型的实例包括肉眼观察透明的且热动力学稳定的乳油，热动力学不稳定的O/W和W/O乳剂，悬浮乳剂或胶悬剂，尤其是农业化学品，优选除草活性物质如双氨基甲酸酯除草剂(例如甜菜安和/或甜菜宁)，和/或磺酸酯除草剂(例如乙氧呋草黄)和/或三嗪酮除草剂(例如苯嗪草酮)。此外，本发明的表面活性剂体系在与其结合的农业化学活性物质的农药活性方面获得令人满意的效果。
另外，本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系可以制备除了上述那些以外的活性物质剂型，只要它们在溶解度方面具有类似特性。例如，其它适合的活性物质是选自苯氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类除草剂如禾草灵，杂芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类除草剂如精恶唑禾草灵或炔草酯，三嗪酮类除草剂如苯嗪草酮，磺酰脲类除草剂如氟胺磺隆，或其它活性物质如咪鲜胺和/或杀虫剂如溴氰菊酯。这显示出所述表面活性剂/溶剂体系的适应性广。上述化合物是本领域技术人员已知的，例如公开在“The PesticideManual”，British Crop Protection Council，第11版，1997。
其它适合的有机溶剂(c)是，例如非极性溶剂，极性质子或非质子偶极溶剂以及它们的混合物。用于本发明目的的其它有机溶剂的实例包括
-脂族或芳族烃如，例如矿物油，石蜡或甲苯，二甲苯和萘衍生物，特别是1-甲基萘，2-甲基萘，C6-C16-芳烃混合物，例如Solvesso系列(ESSO)，包括型号Solvesso100(沸点162-177℃)，Solvesso150(沸点187-207℃)和Solvesso200(沸点219-282℃)以及直链或环状的6-20C脂族烃，如Shellsol系列产品，型号T和K，或BP-n石蜡，
-卤代脂族或芳族烃如二氯甲烷或氯苯，
-一-和/或多元的酯例如，三醋精(甘油三乙酸酯)，丁内酯，碳酸亚丙酯，柠檬酸三乙酯，和邻苯二甲酸(C1-C22)烷基酯，特别是邻苯二甲酸(C4-C8)烷基酯，
-醚如二乙醚，四氢呋喃(THF)，二恶烷，烷撑二醇单烷基醚和烷撑二醇二烷基醚如，例如丙二醇单甲醚，特别是DowanolPM(丙二醇单甲醚)，丙二醇单乙醚，乙二醇单甲醚或乙二醇单乙醚，二甘醇二甲醚和四甘醇二甲醚，
-酰胺如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)，二甲基乙酰胺，二甲基辛/癸酰胺和N-烷基吡咯烷酮，
-酮类如水溶性丙酮，以及与水不混溶的酮，例如环己酮或异佛尔酮，
-腈如乙腈，丙腈，丁腈和苄腈，
-亚砜和砜如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和环丁砜，和
-普通的油，例如植物油如玉米油和菜子油。
另外根据本发明目的优选的有机溶剂特别是酰胺如二甲基辛/癸酰胺和N-烷基吡咯烷酮，或芳族溶剂如Exxon公司的Solvesso系列产品。
用于制备上述剂型的助剂和添加剂，如，特别是表面活性剂和溶剂基本上都是已知的并公开在例如标准教科书中：McCutcheon’s“Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual”，MC Publ.Corp.，RidgewoodN.J.；Sisley and Wood，“Encyclopedia of Surface active Agents”，Chem.Publ.Co.Inc.，N.Y.1964；Schnfeldt，“GrenzflchenaktiveAthylenoxidaddukte”[表面活性环氧乙烷加成物]，Wiss.Verlagsgesellschaft，Stuttgart 1976；Winnacker-Küchler，“Chemische Technologie”，第7卷，C.Hauser-Verlag，Munich，第4版，1986。
尽管在上述标准教科书中非常详尽地公开了可应用的每一种组分的化学结构，但是对用于加工活性物质的上述组分的混合物特性的预测则不可能由上述标准教科书中推导出。
令人惊奇地，现已发现由作为溶剂的磷酸三酯与一种或多种非芳族表面活性剂的混合物特别好地适用于制备液体活性物质剂型如稳定的乳油，乳剂，悬浮乳剂或胶悬剂，其中上述的磷酸三酯是不溶于水的或以至多最高浓度为10g/l可溶于水，这一发现也是本发明的主题。
本发明的液体剂型可根据已知的常规方法制备，例如通过将各种组分在搅拌，振荡或(固定)混合器条件下进行混合而制备。如适合，有利的是短暂加热样品以确保涉及的所有组分能够完全溶解。
用于选择最佳表面活性剂组分的一个指标是每单位重量或体积的酸度或碱度，这可以例如，通过酸值或胺值来表示。当选择其它表面活性剂组分时，有利的是确保总酸值或胺值不会过度地增加。除了非离子表面活性剂之外，优选适合的表面活性剂是例如酸值或胺值足够小的酸性或碱性表面活性剂组分，或非离子表面活性剂组分。相应的，可应用的其它非离子表面活性剂组分是，例如蓖麻油与40摩尔EO的反应产物或蓖麻油与12摩尔EO的反应产物，油酸与15摩尔EO的反应产物，以及EO/PO/EO的嵌段共聚物。
在这方面还必须提到本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系可用于制备活性物质装载量和活性物质组成都可在很宽的范围内变化的稳定剂型。因此，活性物质装载量例如可在20-40，优选24-30重量百分数范围内变化。至于活性物质组成，应用上述组分混合物，不仅可以制备一种活性物质的稳定剂型，而且可以制备含有两种或，特别是三种活性物质的剂型。
上述表面活性剂/溶剂体系优选适用于制备含有除草活性物质如禾草灵，精恶唑禾草灵，咪鲜胺，苯嗪草酮和/或溴氰菊酯的剂型。
根据制剂中活性物质的装载量和活性物质组成，组分磷酸酯(β)：表面活性剂(α)之间的优选比例，特别是，100∶1-1∶100，特别优选1∶5-1∶20，例如约1∶8，1∶9或1∶10，或1∶0.25-1∶0.9，例如1.3∶1，1.4∶1或1.5∶1。
本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系可用于制备各种液体剂型，如油分散剂，悬浮乳剂，W/O-或O/W-基乳剂以及特别是乳油和相应的由此配制的液体剂型，如含水喷雾混合物。
本发明制备的乳油事先不加入水，而仅在上述市售表面活性剂和表面活性剂混合物，聚合物和溶剂中存在残留水。由于本发明乳油中存在表面活性剂，可将乳油用水稀释直至临界体积分数，此时不会导致浑浊或剂型变为不稳定。形式上，这样首先获得W/O微乳剂，当进一步增加水的份数后成为W/O乳剂，最后-用水进一步稀释后-O/W乳剂。因此，本发明还包括液体剂型，即除了本发明的表面活性剂/溶剂混合物b)外，还含有(另外的)水，例如微乳剂。
组分混合物(b)可优选用于制备活性物质，特别是除草活性物质如甜菜安和/或甜菜宁和/或乙氧呋草黄的液体制剂，包括
a)1-50％重量，优选15-35％重量的农业化学活性物质，
b)5-80％重量，优选10-70％重量的本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系(b)，
c)0-40％重量，优选5-35％重量的其它有机溶剂，
d)0-20％重量，优选0-10％重量的常规助剂和添加剂，如加工助剂，以及
e)0-96％重量，优选0-90％重量，特别是0-10％重量的水。
常规助剂和添加剂如加工助剂d)的实例是防冻剂，蒸发抑制剂，防腐剂，香料和色料。优选的加工助剂d)是防冻剂和蒸发抑制剂如甘油，例如含量为2-10％重量，以及各自应用制剂的常规使用浓度的防腐剂，例如Mergal K9N(Riedel)或Cobate C。
既然无水乳油成为活性物质，特别是类型(a)的除草活性物质的优选应用形式，因此本发明特别优选的主题是乳油，包括
a)10-40％重量的上述类型(a)的活性物质，
b)10-60％重量的本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系(b)，
c)5-35％重量的其它有机溶剂，和
d)0-10％重量的常规助剂和添加剂，例如加工助剂。
类似于无水乳油，同样无水的油基胶悬剂也构成本发明的优选主题之一，这类制剂包括
a)10-40％重量的上述类型(a)的活性物质，
b)10-60％重量的本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系(b)，
c)5-35％重量的其它有机溶剂，
d)0-10％重量的除(e)外的常规助剂和添加剂，如加工助剂，以及
e)0.001-20％重量的有机和/或无机增稠剂。
另外，还可以使用本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系制备乳剂。因此本发明另一特别优选主题是乳剂或微乳剂包括
a)10-40％重量的上述类型(a)的活性物质，
b)10-60％重量的本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系(b)，
c)5-35％重量的其它有机溶剂和
d)0-10％重量的常规助剂和添加剂，如加工助剂，以及
e)0.001-95％重量的水。
使用上述表面活性剂/溶剂体系制备的悬浮乳剂也构成本发明的优选主题之一。这一制剂包括
a)10-40％重量的上述类型(a)的活性物质，
b)10-60％重量的本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系(b)，
c)5-35％重量的其它有机溶剂和
d)0-10％重量的除(f)外的常规助剂和添加剂，如加工助剂，以及
e)0.001-95％重量的水以及
f)0.001-20％重量的有机和/或无机增稠剂。
当用水稀释时，本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系(组分混合物b))可获得水包油型分散剂或选择合适的特定组分时获得油包水型分散剂。因此，根据组成，可制备分散剂，该分散剂可用水或油稀释同时保持胶体结构。因此本发明的另一主题是由上述浓缩物稀释制备的分散剂。
本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系适用于制备稳定的液体剂型，特别是乳油。使用本发明表面活性剂/溶剂体系制备的制剂和喷雾混合物，应用时从生物角度考虑也可获得有利的效果。将有效量的制剂或喷雾混合物，如需要用水稀释后施用至植物，植物各部分或植物生长的区域，例如栽培区。而且，应用的农业化学活性物质的生物活性可通过使用本发明表面活性剂/溶剂组分b)产生增效。
实施例
下述实施例中，除非另有说明，标出的数值都是以重量计。表1的各实施例不是本发明的实施例(对比实施例)，而表2的各实施例是本发明实施例并公开了乳油(实施例I-VII)，乳剂(实施例VIII和XI)，悬浮乳剂(实施例IX)以及胶悬剂(实施例X)。上述制剂是通过搅拌方式将各组分混合而制备的。
表1：获得不稳定的乳油(EC)的剂型实施例
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| 精噁唑禾草灵 | 15 | |||
| 硫丹 | 40 | |||
| 溴氰菊酯 | 5 | |||
| 苯嗪草酮 | 1 | |||
| 菜子油 | 27 | 40 | 57 | 30 |
| Genapol X0604) | 15 | 20 | 20 | 30 |
| Emulsogen EL-4005) | 14 | 19 | 18 | 25 |
| Phosfetal 2018) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 10 |
| Servoxyl VPDZ 20/1007) | 2 |
表2：可获得稳定制剂的本发明剂型实施例
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | |
| 乙呋草黄 | 12.5 | 38.4 | 10.5 | 13.7 | 15.8 | 10.5 | |||||
| 甜菜宁 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 11.1 | 12.8 | 8.5 | ||||||
| 异苯敌草 | 8.0 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 9.8 | 6.5 | ||||||
| 禾草灵 | 15.0 | ||||||||||
| 精噁唑禾草灵 | 15.0 | ||||||||||
| 丙氯灵 | 40.0 | ||||||||||
| 溴氰菊酯 | 5.0 | ||||||||||
| 苯嗪草酮 | 1.5 | ||||||||||
| 磷酸三丁氧基乙酯1) | 25.5 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 27.0 | 45.0 | 21.6 | 42.5 | 27.5 | 12.6 | 12.0 | 22.5 |
| 菜子油 | 9.8 | ||||||||||
| Genapol X-0604) | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 15.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 27.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 20.0 | 15.0 |
| Genapol PF206) | 10.0 | 9.8 | 14.0 | ||||||||
| Emulsogen EL4005) | 18.0 | 19 | 19.0 | 14.0 | 20.0 | 16.0 | 24.0 | 12.0 | |||
| Phosfetal 2018) | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 10.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 3.0 | ||
| Servoxyl VPDZ 20/1007) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||||||
| HOE S36182) | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | ||||||||
| Bentone 383) | 0.8 | ||||||||||
| 饮用水 | 19.5 | 26.8 | 19.0 |
表1和2的注释：
1)磷酸三丁氧基乙酯(特别是Hostaphat B310，Clariant)
2)中性的，磷酸化的环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷/环氧乙烷嵌段共聚物(特别是HOES3618，Clariant)
3)二氧化硅衍生物(特别是Bentone38)
4)乙氧基化i-C13-脂肪醇(特别是Genapol X-060，Clariant)
5)乙氧基化蓖麻油(特别是Emulsogen EL 400，Clariant)
6)环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷/环氧乙烷嵌段共聚物(特别是GenapolPF 20，Clariant)
7)磷酸化乙氧基化异十三醇(特别是Servoxyl VPDZ20/100，Condea)
8)磷酸化乙氧基化脂肪醇(特别是Phosfetal201，Zschimmer&Schwarz)
Claims (12)
1.用于液体剂型的表面活性剂/溶剂体系，包括
α)一种或多种非芳族表面活性剂，
β)作为溶剂，一种或多种磷酸与醇的三酯，该三酯不溶于水或以至多10g/l的浓度溶于水，其中所述醇优选下列一组1)具有5-22个碳原子的一元链烷醇，
2)二醇或多元醇，
3)芳基，烷芳基，聚(烷基)芳基和聚(芳烷基)芳基醇，
4)由上述1)，2)或3)的醇与烯化氧反应制得的烷氧基化醇，以及
5)由具有1-4个碳原子的一元链烷醇与烯化氧反应制得的烷氧基化醇。
2.权利要求1的表面活性剂/溶剂体系，其中包括，作为组分β)，下列的一种或多种化合物，
-由在烷基部分具有1-22个碳原子以及在聚烯化氧部分具有1-30个烯化氧单元的烷氧基化短链醇与正磷酸完全反应产物，
-由具有5-22个碳原子的烷基醇与正磷酸完全反应产物，
-由烷基部分具有1-22个碳原子的可选择地烷氧基化的醇和苯酚衍生物与正磷酸部分反应产物，每种情况下在聚烯化氧部分带有0-30个烯化氧单元，正磷酸中剩余的OH价随后烷氧基化，以及正辛基膦酸形式上与醇反应两次的酯。
3.液体活性物质制剂，其中包括
(a)一种或多种活性物质，该活性物质不溶于水或以至多10g/l的浓度溶于水，
(b)权利要求1或2的表面活性剂/溶剂体系，
(c)非必要的其它有机溶剂，
(d)非必要的常用助剂和添加剂如其它表面活性剂和/或聚合物，以及
(e)非必要的水。
4.权利要求3的液体活性物质制剂，其中包括
a)1-50％重量的农业化学活性物质，
b)5-80％重量的权利要求1或2的表面活性剂/溶剂体系，
c)0-40％重量的其它有机溶剂，
d)0-20％重量的除(f)外的常规助剂和添加剂，如加工助剂，
e)0-96％重量的水以及
f)0-30％重量的其它表面活性剂。
5.权利要求3或4的乳油形式的液体活性物质制剂。
6.权利要求5的乳油，其中包括
a)10-40％重量的农业化学活性物质，
b)10-60％重量的权利要求1或2的表面活性剂/溶剂体系，
c)5-35％重量的其它有机溶剂，
d)0-10％重量的除(e)外的常规助剂和添加剂，例如加工助剂以及
e)10-25％重量的其它表面活性剂。
7.权利要求3-6中一项或多项的液体活性物质制剂，其中包括一种或多种选自除草剂甜菜安，甜菜宁和乙氧呋草黄的活性物质。
8.如权利要求3-7的一项或多项定义的活性物质制剂的制备方法，其特征在于将各组分互相混合。
9.权利要求1或2的表面活性剂/溶剂体系在液体活性物质制剂中的应用。
10.权利要求10的应用，用在乳油中。
11.控制不需要植物的方法，其特征在于将有效量的权利要求3-7中一项或多项的液体活性物质制剂施用至植物，植物的各部分或植物生长区域。
12.权利要求3-7中一项或多项的液体活性物质制剂控制不需要植物的应用。
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| CN104781265A (zh) * | 2012-10-01 | 2015-07-15 | 加里·戴维·麦克奈特 | 用于肥料的改进的脲酶抑制剂的液体制剂 |
| CN105613536A (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-06-01 | 上海市农药研究所有限公司 | 农用除草剂及其应用 |
| CN105613536B (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-06-08 | 上海市农药研究所有限公司 | 农用除草剂及其应用 |
| CN112654246A (zh) * | 2018-07-30 | 2021-04-13 | 拜耳公司 | 具有改进性能的除草剂组合物 |
| CN112654246B (zh) * | 2018-07-30 | 2023-01-03 | 拜耳公司 | 具有改进性能的除草剂组合物 |
| CN112011236A (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-01 | 青岛羚智涂料科技有限责任公司 | 聚醚基磷酸酯表面活性剂及其在水性涂料组合物中的应用 |
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