CN1325277A - 包含粘度调节聚合物物质的组合物及其用途 - Google Patents

包含粘度调节聚合物物质的组合物及其用途 Download PDF

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CN1325277A
CN1325277A CN99813090A CN99813090A CN1325277A CN 1325277 A CN1325277 A CN 1325277A CN 99813090 A CN99813090 A CN 99813090A CN 99813090 A CN99813090 A CN 99813090A CN 1325277 A CN1325277 A CN 1325277A
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N·J·巴克
D·M·帕克
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Abstract

通常用作稳定剂、增稠剂和乳化剂的粘度改良聚合物物质在口服施用酸性组合物中作为牙侵蚀抑制剂的用途,特别是在酸性饮料如果汁饮料以及口服保健制品如漱口剂中,其中组合物的有效pH小于或等于4.5。

Description

包含粘度调节聚合物物质的组合物及其用途
本发明涉及增稠剂和稳定剂在口服用酸性组合物(如食品)和口服保健组合物中的用途，用以减轻或抑制与服用酸有关的牙齿损坏，即所谓的牙侵蚀。
牙侵蚀说的是“牙齿硬组织因酸和/或螯合的非细菌原因而化学侵蚀引起的远离牙表面的病理性、慢性、局部性、无痛损失”(Imfeld,1996)。造成侵蚀的酸来自于饮食、专业或固有来源，并且不是口内菌群的产物。随着所有年龄群体中饮食次数增加的趋势，发生牙侵蚀的可能性也增加。
国际专利申请(WO 97/30601)描述了酸基液体组合物，该组合物具有降低牙侵蚀特征，其中存在0.3-0.8mol/mol酸的钙并且其pH为3.5-4.5。
人们通常给饮料、其它食品和口服制品添加具有粘度调节性能的复合多糖树胶和其它天然或合成聚合物作为增稠剂、稳定剂、乳化剂和调质剂。这些聚合物包括天然和半合成聚合物物质如海藻酸酯或盐、槐豆胶、洁冷胶、瓜尔豆胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄原胶、果胶、纤维素及它们的衍生物；合成聚合物如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)及其它本领域已知的类似物质。
Van der Reijden等(Caries Res.,1997,31,216-23)描述了用含增稠剂的唾液代用品组合物进行的一系列体外实验，以研究它们的龋齿保护性能，包括对体外牙釉脱矿质和补充矿质的效果。其中描述了一系列聚合物物质对羟基磷灰石晶体在pH为5.0的50mM醋酸中的溶解性的作用，并且在pH循环实验中，将牛牙釉放置在脱矿质缓冲液(pH4.8)和放置在含有被溶解聚合物的补充矿质缓冲液(pH7.0)中。
据发现，给酸性食品和口服保健组合物添加具有稳定、乳化和/或增稠性能的天然和合成聚合物物质可以减少因牙釉质中钙和磷酸盐损失而引起的牙侵蚀，其中所说的牙釉质中钙和磷酸盐的损失通常与这类产品有关。
此外，出人意料地发现，向口服用酸性组合物添加一种或几种这类聚合物物质和钙可以减少牙釉质中钙和磷酸盐的损失，而且减少的程度大于单独添加的聚合物或钙所产生的程度。由此，可以用较少的钙/mol酸和在低于WO 97/30601所公开的pH下配制适口的、储藏稳定且有效减少因酸引起之牙侵蚀的口服用酸性组合物。
因此，本发明提供一种粘度调节聚合物物质在口服施用酸性组合物中作为牙侵蚀抑制剂的用途，其中所说的组合物的有效pH为小于或等于4.5。
另一方面，本发明提供一种口服用组合物，该组合物含有酸化剂，粘度调节聚合物物质和钙化合物，其中钙在组合物中的存在量为最多0.8mol/mol酸并且组合物的有效pH小于或等于4.5。
本发明的口服用组合物的有效pH根据产品类型、酸含量和所需的感官特性而不同。本发明所用组合物的有效pH适宜为2.0-4.5，更适宜为2.5-4.5，并且优选为2.5-4.0，特别是用于含果酸的饮料。
用于本发明组合物的适宜的粘度调节聚合物物质包括食用级复合多糖稳定剂和增稠剂，如海藻酸酯或盐、槐豆胶、洁冷胶、瓜尔豆胶、阿拉伯树胶、西黄蓍胶、角叉菜胶、金合欢树胶、黄原胶、果胶、纤维素衍生物以及其它食品领域和其它口服用组合物领域中使用的天然或半合成聚合物物质，包括这些物质的一种或几种的混合物。适宜的合成、非多糖类粘度调节聚合物是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)。
本发明所用的优选复合多糖物质包括海藻酸酯或盐、黄原胶和果胶，特别是高甲氧基果胶、低酯果胶和酰胺化或部分酰胺化果胶。适宜的海藻酸酯或盐包括可商购获得的低粘度、中粘度和高粘度海藻酸酯或盐。例如，Monsanto公司出售的商品名为Kelcoloid LVF和Manucol LF的低粘度海藻酸丙二醇酯和海藻酸钠；Monsanto公司出售的商品名为Manucol DH的中粘度海藻酸钠；和Monsanto公司出售的商品名为Kelcoloid HVF的高粘度海藻酸丙二醇酯。适宜的黄原胶包括可从Monsanto公司商购获得的商品名为Keltrol T、KeltrolRD、Keltrol TF、Keltrol SF和Keltrol BT系列产品。适宜的果胶包括高甲氧基果胶，如可从SKW Biosystems商购获得的UnipectinQC40；低酯果胶，如以商品名GENU LM 22 CG和GENU LM 12 CG出售的产品；部分酰胺化低酯果胶，如以商品名GENU LM 101 AS和GENULM 102 AS出售的产品；以及酰胺化低酯果胶，如以商品名GENU LM104 AS FS出售的产品，所有这些果胶均可购自Hercules Ltd.。
据显示，牙侵蚀的抑制性随给定聚合物物质浓度的增加而增加。然而，粘度不是影响防侵蚀潜在性的首要因素；相同粘度不同类型聚合物物质的效果比较实验表明它们可不同程度地抑制牙侵蚀，特别是在典型的饮料制剂的低粘度下。因此，可以选择本发明中所用的聚合物物质并且在经计算可以产生与所需产品类型(从液体产品如酸性饮料到半固体和固体酸性产品)同等粘度的浓度下使用。例如，诸如饮料组合物的典型低粘度产品中可以掺入浓度为经计算可产生小于约10cP、优选小于约6cP粘度的适宜聚合物物质。应当理解粘度值不是绝对的而是取决于测定它们时的条件。当本文依赖精确值时，要引述所用的设备和操作的条件。
本发明可应用于所有的口服消费或使用的酸性产品。这些产品包括酸性饮料类、醋类、调味汁类、腌制食品、果脯、糖果和多样化酸性制品如酸性乳制品，并且还可应用于其它欲口服摄取的物质，以液态或半固态的形式是适宜的，例如酸性口服保健制品如漱口水以及药品。
本发明可以应用于各种固体、半固体或液体食品，特别是酸性饮料。包括不充气和充碳酸气酒精饮料和非酒精饮料，如果汁饮料，并且特别是保健饮料如黑加仑果汁饮料或添加维生素的饮料。本发明还包含用于制备酸性饮料的浓缩物和粉末形式。在一个优选的实施方案中，酸性组合物是一种即饮型的饮料或由天然果汁如黑加仑果汁制备的稀释用饮料浓缩物。
本发明应用于含天然和/或外加酸化剂的酸性组合物是有利的，特别是食品并且尤其是饮料。酸性组合物可以含有有机和/或无机酸并且可以补充维生素如抗坏血酸。优选的酸化剂包括可饮酸，如柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸、磷酸、醋酸和酒石酸及其混合物。
本发明组合物中的酸化剂的浓度根据产品的类型、所需的有效pH、所需的感官特性和所选酸源的酸度来确定。组合物的酸度可以按可滴定酸度来表达，可滴定酸度是溶液中存在的酸的百分比重量测定值，由中和这些存在的酸类所需要的氢氧化钠的体积来计算。实际中，可滴定酸度是用已知浓度的标准化氢氧化钠溶液在20℃下电位滴定法测定的。典型的饮料，其可滴定酸度为0.01-4％w/w，并且典型的果汁基的即饮型饮料，其可滴定酸度为0.1-2％w/w。本发明组合物中的酸的浓度，如果汁基制品中的酸的浓度，一般来说为0.01-4％w/w，适宜地为0.1-2.5％w/w。基于以柠檬酸和/或苹果酸作为酸化剂的典型即饮型果汁饮料的酸浓度为饮料组合物的0.01-1.0％w/w。在稀释用的浓缩物中，柠檬酸/苹果酸浓度一般为组合物的0.1-4％w/w。可以使用可饮酸的混合物，如酸混合物，所说的酸选自柠檬酸、苹果酸、磷酸和乳酸以及其它本领域已知的适宜的食用级赋形剂。
诸如饮料的食品可以是未加甜的或用天然糖或合成甜味剂加甜的，其中所说的合成甜味剂如糖精、天门冬氨酰基苯基丙氨酰基甲酯或其它本领域已知的甜味剂。组合物中还可以含有其它常规添加剂，如苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、偏亚硫酸氢钠、抗坏血酸、风味剂、着色剂和二氧化碳。
本发明内容中所用的术语“有效pH”是指组合物当呈液体形式时的pH或者组合物在固化前(组合物为通过液体相中间介质制备的固体或半固体)的pH或者固体或半固体组合物当复水或溶解于液体(如水)中时的pH。术语“固化”包括用液体相中间介质的处理或补充以形成固体或半固体。
进一步的优点来自于使用了低含量的钙，以碱式盐的形式为适宜。当存在钙时，制剂的缓冲能力因被酸部分中和而降低，从而允许在口中唾液较快地中和剩余的酸残余物。
当钙存在时，其绝对浓度不是关键的，因为它将随所存在的酸的性质和浓度而改变。钙可以任何适宜的形式添加，以可溶性盐的形式是方便的，如碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、柠檬酸钙、苹果酸钙、柠檬酸苹果酸钙、乳酸钙、氯化钙、磷酸钙、甘油磷酸钙或甲酸钙或者任何其它的盐，所说的盐应当极少对组合物产生任何不利风味。钙含量根据相对于酸化剂体积摩尔浓度的摩尔数来计算是适宜的。钙的存在量可以最多为0.8mol/mol酸化剂。钙与酸的摩尔比可以是0.01-0.75,0.05-0.6是合适的，并且对水果基的饮料制品来说一般为0.1-0.5。
另一方面，本发明提供一种减少口服用酸性组合物牙侵蚀潜在性的方法，该方法包括向酸性口服组合物添加粘度调节聚合物物质，并且任选地添加0-0.8mol/mol酸的钙，并且如果必需或需要，控制有效pH以使其小于或等于4.5。
为避免疑惑，术语“如果必需或需要”包含了控制pH使其达到所规定的范围以及在所规定的范围内控制pH。可以通过添加碱，例如可溶性碱性盐如氢氧化钠或柠檬酸钠、苹果酸钠或乳酸钠，并且通过添加钙(当存在时)，来将制剂的有效pH调整至所需的值。
本发明还涉及减少由口服施用组合物中酸引起的牙侵蚀的方法，该方法通过口服施用含有粘度调节聚合物物质和酸化剂以及任选的含有钙的组合物，其中钙的含量为0-0.8mol/mol酸，并且组合物的有效pH为小于或等于4.5。
本发明还涉及含有粘度调节聚合物物质和酸化剂以及任选的含有钙的组合物在制造用于减少由口服施用组合物中酸引起的牙侵蚀的药物中的用途，其中钙的含量为0-0.8mol/mol酸，并且组合物的有效pH为小于或等于4.5。
口服组合物中可以含有镁或其它离子作为补充矿质的增补剂。当存在钙时，它们还可以含有有效量的苹果酸或其可饮盐来维持钙的溶解性，以便防止或最大限度地减少不溶性钙盐沉淀。添加的苹果酸会对饮料的总酸度起作用，剩余的酸度由其它酸、优选天然存在的酸，如柠檬酸、乳酸和酒石酸来提供。
口服组合物可以通过将配料根据常规方法混合来制备。在添加其它组分前，可以将固体配料溶解在含水介质如水中，如果需要则进行加热。粘度添加聚合物物质如复合多糖在添加之前通常要通过高剪切混合在含水介质中水合。一般来说，物质和其它液体制品要进行巴氏杀菌，然后再装瓶或装罐或其它包装中，或者在灌装之后进行“包装内杀菌”。
以下实施例将对本发明作举例说明。所有实验中使用的食用级聚合物的市售来源如下：Monsanto(Tadworth,Surrey，英国)市售的商品名为Keltrol T、Keltrol RD、Keltrol TF、Keltrol SF、KeltrolBT的黄原胶；IFF(Haverhill,Suffolk，英国)的黄原胶聚合物；ThewArnott&有限公司(Wallington,Surrey，英国)的黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶和西黄蓍胶；SKW Biosystems(Newbury,Berkshire，英国)市售的商品名为Satiaxane的黄原胶和商品名为Lygomme MM391的黄原胶/瓜尔豆胶混合物；Danisco Ingredients Ltd.(Bury St Edmunds英国)市售的商品名为Grinstead JU543的黄原胶/羧甲基纤维素钠(35/65％w/w)混合物；Red Carnation gums Ltd(Laindon,Essex，英国)的金合欢树胶、海藻酸丙二醇酯和羧甲基纤维素钠；HerculesLtd(Reigate,Surrey，英国)的Blanose纤维素树胶(9M31XF)；Monsanto(Tadworth,Surrey，英国)市售的商品名为KelcoloidLVF、Kelcoloid HVF、Manucol DH和Manucol LF的海藻酸酯聚合物；Hercules Ltd(Reigate,Surrey，英国)市售的商品名为Genuvisco J型的Iota角叉菜胶和市售的商品名为GENU LM 102 AS、GENU LM 104AS、GENU LM 101 AS、GENU LM 22 CG、GENU LM 12 CG和GENUVIS的果胶；SKW Biosytems(Newbury,Betkshire，英国)市售的商品名为Unipectin QC40的果胶；ISP(NJ,USA)市售的商品名为PVP K30的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
实施例1
测试大约接近以下配方的可商购获得的即饮型饮料(pH3.5)与对照饮料，所说的对照饮料不添加黄原胶制得。
配料                用量
橘汁                110L
柠檬酸              3.8kg
丁磺氨K             0.74kg
天冬甜素            0.72kg
抗坏血酸            0.29kg
橘子香精            0.4L
黄原胶(Keltrol T)   0.34kg
水至1000L
以体外方案测试两种饮料的溶解牙釉质的潜在性，所说的体外方案详细描述如下，其中将光滑的牙釉片段放置于37℃的测试溶液中4小时。通过物理测定试验期间牙釉损失的深度来评价侵蚀的潜在性。不合增稠剂的对照饮料经4小时泡置期间使牙釉损失了16μm，作为对比，含黄原胶的饮料损失了1μm。测定体外牙釉损失的方案
通过测定经过4小时的体外牙釉损失来确定测试溶液的侵蚀潜在性，测定的方式按照Davis&Winter(Davis WB,Winter PJ，大不列颠牙科杂志(British Dental Journal),1977,143,116-119)和West等(West NX等，J.Dentistry,1998,26(4),329-335)中的描述。将最近拔下的、无龋的智牙切成段并且固定在最上面具有颊外观的环氧树脂块中。将牙釉样品碎化，除去少量牙釉得到光滑的平块。通过表面测量法记录基准测量值，并且通过贴敷PVC带，暴露出所要处理的区域。将6块经过掩饰的牙釉测试品放置于200mL测试溶液中，在37℃下放置4×1小时，同时在上部进行搅拌。测试溶液每小时更换一次。随后，用去离子水清洗牙釉样品，除去PVC带并且通过表面测量法评定组织损失。
实施例2
通过混合以下配料制备1000kg粉状橘味运动饮料：
配料            用量(Kg)
葡萄糖一水合物  400
麦芽糖糊精      538
天冬甜素        0.6
丁磺氨K         0.38
柠檬酸钠        17.0
柠檬酸          38.0
抗坏血酸        1.2
柠檬酸钾        2.4
维生素预混物    0.4
(B2、B6、B12、烟酸、泛酸)
橘子香精        3.0
β胡萝卜素      6.0
Blanose纤维素树胶    1.0
通过将粉末(50g)稀释到水(500mL)中，制备供饮用的饮料(pH3.4)。
实施例3
制备柠檬酸在去离子水中的溶液，并且用0.1M氢氧化钠溶液调整至pH3.8。添加碳酸钙形式的钙和/或添加Keltrol T黄原胶。按实施例1所述的4小时体外方案对所有溶液进行测试。结果
柠檬酸一水合物(CAMH)(％w/v) 黄原胶(％w/v) Ca/CAMH摩尔比 4小时牙釉损失(μm)
 0.3  0  0  7.6
 0.3  0.034  0  5.3
 0.3  0  0.3  5.4
 0.3  0.034  0.3  2.8
实施例4筛选用于抑制牙侵蚀的食用级增稠剂
使用足够质量的增稠剂制备溶液，得到在50rpm(剪切速率61.2s-1)、37℃下使用装有UL接管的Brookfield LVDVII+粘度计测定具有5-6cP粘度的溶液。使用柠檬酸一水合物(AR级，BDHMerck Ltd)在去离子水中制备柠檬酸缓冲液，用苯甲酸钠防腐(0.16g/L,AR级，BDH Merck Ltd)。通过使用Silverson高剪切混合机共混2分钟将所有增稠剂水合到缓冲液中，除用磁力搅拌器在1000rpm下搅拌过夜的瓜尔豆胶外。通过干混然后水合制备增稠剂的混合物。将所有溶液制备成pH为3.40且可滴定酸度为0.3％w/v CAMH(柠檬酸一水合物)。使用经缓冲的柠檬酸(0.3％w/v CAMH,pH 3.40)溶液作为对照。按实施例1所述的4小时体外方案进行测试。
    增稠剂     商品名(供应商)  增稠剂浓度(％w/v) 4小时牙釉损失(μm)    SD(μm)
黄原胶(澄清) Keltrol T     0.07     9.8     2.2
黄原胶 (IFF)     0.07     14.7     1.2
黄原胶(澄清可分散的) Keltrol RD     0.07     6.6     0.8
黄原胶 (Thew Arnott有限公司)     0.07     9.7     1.2
黄原胶(细孔) Keltrol TF     0.07     8.3     0.8
黄原胶 Satiaxane     0.07     14.1     1.6
黄原胶(光滑流动) Keltrol SF     0.1     7.2     1.3
黄原胶(澄清/耐盐) Keltrol BT     0.07     10.7     2.4
黄原胶/瓜尔豆胶 Lygomme MM391     0.22     14.7     1.7
黄原胶/羧甲基纤维素钠 Grinstead JU543     0.12     13.6     2.1
金合欢树胶 (Red Carnation Gums)     10.5     13.7     1.5
海藻酸丙二醇酯(低粘度) Kelcoloid LVF     0.59     4.8     0.3
海藻酸丙二醇酯 (Red Carnation Gums)     0.45     6.9     1.8
海藻酸丙二醇酯(高粘度) Kelcoloid HVF     0.39     6.3     1.0
海藻酸钠(中粘度) Manucol DH     0.55     2.6     0.9
海藻酸钠(低粘度) Manucol LF     0.75     2.9     0.5
瓜尔豆胶 (Thew Arnott有限公司)     0.18     11.1     1.2
西黄蓍胶 (Thew Arnott有限公司)     0.22     11.0     1.8
Iota角叉菜胶 Genuvisco J型     0.375     2.7     0.6
高甲氧基果胶 Unipectin QC40     1     9.9     1.1
部分酰胺化的低酯果胶(柑橘果皮) GENU LM 102 AS     1     1.6     0.3
酰胺化的低酯果胶(柑橘果皮) GENU LM 104 AS     1     0.7     0.4
部分酰胺化的低酯果胶(柑橘果皮) GENU LM 101 AS     1.1     2.0     0.8
低酯果胶(柑橘果皮) GENU LM 22 CG     1.2     5.7     0.6
低酯果胶(柑橘果皮) GENU LM 12 CG     1.1     1.4     0.6
海藻酸丙二醇酯/低甲氧基酰胺化果胶(50∶50) Kelcoloid LVF&GENU LM 102 AS     0.54     1.53     0.58
海藻酸丙二醇酯/黄原胶(66.6∶33.3) Kelcoloid LVF&Keltrol RD     0.15     7.57     0.45
对照       -     -     24.5     1.9
对照       -     -     20.8     2.0
对照       -     -     24.1     3.8
对照       -     -     30.5     3.17
对照       -     -     19.9     1.53
对照       -     -     29.9     1.53
实施例5在pH和酸度值范围内添加增稠剂对抑制牙侵蚀的效果
将溶液制备成代表软饮料中典型的pH和酸度值范围。通过使用Silverson高剪切混合机将所需质量的增稠剂在柠檬酸缓冲液中剪切2分钟制备溶液，用苯甲酸钠防腐(0.16g/L)。通过添加1M NaOH将pH调整至所需的值。所有溶液的粘度为5-6cP(Brookfield LVDVII+UL接管，50rpm,37℃)。按实施例1所述的4小时体外方案进行测试。结果显示了在pH值和粘度范围内减少牙釉损失的技术效果。
    增稠剂 增稠剂浓度(％w/v)     pH     酸度(％w/w CAMH) 4小时牙釉损失(μm)      SD(μm)
 对照      -     2.5     0.1     63.4     4.4
 Keltrol RD     0.07     2.5     0.1     8.7     1.2
 Keltrol RD     0.07     2.5     0.3     9.7     1.2
 Kelcoloid LVF     0.59     2.5     0.3     11.5     3.6
 对照      -     2.5     0.3     41.04     0.2
 对照      -     2.5     0.3     30.4     6.1
 Keltrol RD     0.07     3.0     0.7     13.5     1.6
 对照      -     3.0     0.7     34.2     3.8
 Kelcoloid LVF     0.55     3.0     0.3     11.6     3.0
 Keltrol RD     0.07     3.0     0.3     7.84     1.1
 对照      -  3.0     0.3     23.2     0.4
 对照      -  3.0     0.3     26.3     2.5
 Keltrol RD     0.07  4.5     1.0     7.1     1.3
 Kelcoloid LVF     0.59  4.5     1.0     11.4     1.0
 对照      -  4.5     1.0     21.2     1.8
实施例6增稠剂的粘度和类型对体外牙釉损失的效果测定
确定两种可商购获得的食用树胶高酯柑橘果胶(GENUVIS)和细磨黄原胶(Keltrol T)的粘度对浓度曲线。将树胶在0.3％w/v柠檬酸一水合物缓冲液中水合，用1M NaOH调整至pH3.4。在37℃下运行受控应变Rheometrix RFSII粘度计(曲线(cuette)几何形状)，并且使用125s-1的剪切速率绘制浓度对粘度曲线。测定两种树胶在所用条件下达到2.4cP、5.0cP、10cP和20cP粘度值时的浓度。使用BrookfieldLVDVII+粘度计(装有UL接管，在60rpm(104s-1)下，37℃)测定羧甲基纤维素钠树胶(Red Carnation gums Ltd)的粘度对浓度分布曲线。由曲线推算出在这些条件下达到20cP粘度所需要的大概的浓度。使用实施例1所述的筛选方案测试溶液的体外牙釉损失。结果
粘度(cP)  ％w/v黄原胶  ％w/v果胶  ％w/vCMC  4小时牙釉损失-黄原胶(μm) 4小时牙釉损失-果胶(μm) 4小时牙釉损失-CMC(μm)
 2.5  0.05  0.67   -  8.7  11.5   -
 5  0.08  0.9  0.17  7.8  12.0  31.0
 10  0.14  1.20   -  2.3  9.0   -
 20  0.24  1.6  0.39  2.5  2.7  13.5
按侵蚀潜在性模式测试不同浓度的低甲氧基酰胺化果胶(GENULM 102 AS)和低粘度海藻酸丙二醇酯(Kelcoloid LVF)。使用pH为3.40的0.3％w/v柠檬酸一水合物缓冲液水合各个树胶溶液。使用Brookfield LVDVII+粘度计(装有UL接管)在50rpm(剪切速率61.2s-1)和37℃下测定粘度。
 GENU LM102AS(％w/v)     粘度(cP) 4小时牙釉损失(μm)
    1.0     5.7     1.6
    0.75     3.8     3.4
    0.5     2.3     1.0
 Kelcoloid LVF(％w/v)     粘度(cP)  4小时牙釉损失(μm)
    0.59     6.7     4.8
    0.45     3.5     6.7
结果证明在此模式中粘度不是影响侵蚀潜在性的主要因素。据发现牙釉损失的减少通常是伴随着各测试物质粘度的增加，但釉损失的程度并不相等，说明侵蚀潜在性是产品类型特异性的，特别是当粘度值为10cP或更低时，该粘度值最适合于具有低侵蚀潜在性的酸性组合物制剂。
实施例7增稠剂和钙对牙侵蚀的效果
使用柠檬酸缓冲液储备溶液(300g/L)和苯甲酸钠防腐剂(16g/L)制备符合即饮型果汁饮料之典型pH和酸度的测试制剂。使用Silverson高剪切混合机将溶液共混2分钟。使用Brookfield LVDVII+粘度计(装有UL接管)在50rpm(剪切速率61.2s-1)和37℃下测定粘度。使用实施例1所述的筛选方案测试溶液的体外牙釉损失。结果显示向酸性组合物添加增稠剂和钙可以带来低侵蚀潜在性，其中钙含量和pH值低于缺乏增稠剂时所需要的钙含量和pH值。
配料 测试溶液A 测试溶液B
去离子水 800ml  800ml
苯甲酸盐储备溶液 20ml  20ml
黄原胶(Keltrol RD) 1.8g  2.0g
柠檬酸储备溶液 20ml  20ml
碳酸钙 0.28g  0.157g
去离子水 加至1800ml 加至1800ml
1M NaOH 加至pH 3.40 加至pH 3.20
去离子水 加至2L(容积) 加至2L(容积)
测试溶液  粘度(cP)  pH 可滴定酸度(％w/w CAME) Ca/酸比 4小时牙釉损失(μm)
    A   8  3.4      0.3     0.1     1.4
    B   9  3.2      0.3     0.05     3.3
实施例8即饮型黑加仑果汁饮料
如下制备基料糖浆：
将苯甲酸钠(0.80g)溶解于温热处理的水中并且用处理过的水稀释至大约200ml。在处理过的水中加入黑加仑浓缩物(88.2ml)，然后加入抗坏血酸(2.55g)和天冬甜素(1.60g)的溶液、丁磺氨K(0.50g)和山梨酸钾(1.52g)。向混合料中添加黑加仑香精(1.14ml)并且用处理过的水定容至1升。
如下制备两种即饮型饮料制剂：
将增稠剂添加到水(2.5L)中，同时使用高剪切Silverson混合机搅拌并且持续混合形成溶液。将碳酸钙(当存在时)溶解于处理过的水中，并且缓慢添加到溶液中。混合添加基料糖浆(1L)，形成均相溶液并且用水将体积调整至5升。用1M氢氧化钠将pH调整至3.4。使用Brookfield LVDVII+粘度计(装有UL接管)在50rpm和37℃下测定粘度。两制剂(％w/w CAMH)的可滴定酸度为0.4。使用实施例1所述筛选方案测试制剂的体外牙釉损失。
增稠剂(g) CaCO3(g) Ca/酸摩尔比   粘度(cP) 4小时牙釉损失(μm)
Kelcoloid LVF(29.5)      -      -     6.7     3.6
Keltrol RD(4.5)     0.7     0.1     7.6     6.2
实施例9即饮型悬钩子风味的起泡饮料
将果胶增稠剂(GENU LM 102AS)(37.5g)淋洒到温水(1L)中，同时使用Silverson混合机进行高剪切混合。分别制备山梨酸钾(1.28g)、丁磺氨K(0.27g)、柠檬酸(14.0g)和天冬甜素(1.20g)以及抗坏血酸(1.50g)和柠檬酸钾(4.81g)的溶液，并且混合加到果胶料中。将悬钩子香精(2.51ml)和胭脂红着色剂(0.50ml)分散在水中，并且加到混合物中形成基料糖浆，将其用水稀释至1.67升。用充碳酸气的水稀释该基料糖浆(1份糖浆对2份水)形成起泡饮料。使用Brookfield LVDVII+粘度计(装有UL接管)在50rpm和37℃下测定粘度。使用实施例1所述筛选方案测试制剂的体外牙釉损失。
产品具有以下参数：
pH                 3.5
酸度(％w/w CAMH)   0.4
粘度(cP)           3.2
牙釉损失(μm)      3.67
实施例10即饮型可乐风味起泡饮料
通过混合以下配料制作可乐浓缩物：
85％磷酸           1L
咖啡因BP           130g
可乐乳液           0.75L
加倍浓度的焦糖     3.125L
水加至             10L
通过混合以下配料制备可乐糖浆：
67°Brix蔗糖糖浆    70L
(或天冬甜素         300g)
可乐浓缩物          2.5L
可乐风味助促进剂    0.06L
黄原胶(Keltrol RD)  420g
水加至              100L
用充碳酸气的水将可乐糖浆稀释(1份糖浆对5份水)，形成pH为大约2.5的起泡饮料。
实施例11聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对抑制牙侵蚀的效果
在去离子水中制备柠檬酸缓冲液(0.3％w/v柠檬酸一水合物),添加苯甲酸钠(0.16g/L)作为防腐剂。用1M氢氧化钠将溶液调整至pH3.4.边搅拌边向溶液添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30,125g/L)，并且将所得的溶液搅拌20分钟。得到的溶液pH3.4，可滴定酸度0.3％w/wCAMH、粘度4.7cP(37℃,50rpm,Brookfield LVDVII+,UL接管)。当按体外侵蚀性筛选方案进行4小时的测试时，该溶液的牙釉损失为13.8μm，而对照缓冲溶液的牙釉损失为25μm。
实施例12漱口液制剂
使用如下配料制备漱口剂：
配料                  ％w/w
96％BP乙醇            8
可溶性糖精            0.06
氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓    0.05
Tego Betain CK-KB5    0.2
风味剂                0.12
醋酸钠三水合物        0.05
80％醋酸              0.1575
PVP-K30               12.5
氯化钙二水合物        0.123
去离子水    78.74
将乙醇、氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓、Tego Betain CK-KB5(α-绰昔古柯碱基(cocamido)丙基甜菜碱的商品名)和风味剂混合在一起，形成透明溶液。在一单独的容器中，将剩余的配料混合在一起并且搅拌20分钟。然后将含醇溶液加到含水溶液中，得到pH4.5且钙与酸摩尔比为0.4的漱口剂。

Claims (16)

1．粘度调节聚合物物质在口服施用酸性组合物中作为牙侵蚀抑制剂的用途，其中组合物的有效pH为小于或等于4.5。
2．权利要求1的用途，其中粘度调节聚合物是复合多糖物质。
3．权利要求2的用途，其中复合多糖物质是海藻酸酯或盐、黄原胶或果胶。
4．权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途，其中组合物的有效pH为2.0-4.5。
5．权利要求1-4中任一项所述的用途，其中酸化剂包括柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、磷酸、醋酸或其混合物。
6．权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用途，其中酸性组合物含有钙化合物，使得钙在组合物中的含量为最多0.8mol/mol酸。
7．权利要求6的用途，其中钙源是可溶性钙盐。
8．权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用途，其中酸性组合物是饮料或者是用于制备饮料的液体或固体浓缩物。
9．权利要求8的用途，其中饮料是保健饮料。
10．权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用途，其中酸性组合物是口服保健制品。
11．权利要求8的用途，其中饮料的pH为2.5-4.0．
12．权利要求8的用途，其中饮料的可滴定酸度为0.01-4％w/w。
13．一种减少口服用酸性组合物的牙侵蚀潜在性的方法，该方法包括向酸性口服组合物中添加粘度调节聚合物物质，以及任选的0-0.8mol/mol酸的钙，并且如果必需或需要，控制有效pH以使其小于或等于4.5。
14．一种减少由口服施用组合物中酸引起的牙侵蚀的方法，通过口服施用含有粘度调节聚合物物质和酸化剂以及任选含有钙的组合物，其中钙的含量为0-0.8mol/mol酸，并且组合物的有效pH为小于或等于4.5.
15．合有粘度调节聚合物物质和酸化剂以及任选含有钙的组合物在制造用于减少由口服施用组合物中酸引起的牙侵蚀的药物中的用途，其中钙的含量为0-0.8mol/mol酸，并且组合物的有效pH为小于或等于4.5。
16．一种口服用组合物，该组合物含有酸化剂，粘度调节聚合物物质和钙化合物，其中钙在组合物中的存在量为最多0.8mol/mol酸，并且组合物的有效pH小于或等于4.5。
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