CN1316860C - 含有金属的树脂颗粒、树脂颗粒、电路基板和电路的制造方法 - Google Patents
含有金属的树脂颗粒、树脂颗粒、电路基板和电路的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
根据本发明的一实施形式,提供一种含金属的树脂颗粒,其特征为由含有大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂,和在所述树脂中含有的金属微粒形成。
Description
本发明的交叉参考
本申请是基于2003年12月26日提交的申请号为2003-435758的在先日本专利申请的申请,并且要求该申请的优先权,该申请的所有内容在此引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及含有金属的树脂颗粒、树脂颗粒、电路基板和电路的制造方法。
背景技术
现有技术在电路基板的制造过程中,通过在金属薄膜上涂布抗蚀剂,进行曝光、显影、蚀刻等形成导体图案(参照特开平7-263841号公报)。但是,在该方法中,每层都需要曝光掩模,对曝光掩模的设计和制造需要花费较多时间和成本。此外,在发生曝光掩模的变更或修正等时,对电路基板的交货日期或成本产生较大影响。
由此提出了取代上述方法的、通过采用电子照相方式的印刷形成电路基板的方法。在该方法中,首先使用树脂内含有金属微粒的含金属的树脂颗粒,由电子照相方式形成具有任意图案的化学镀用衬底层,在该衬底层上由化学镀方法形成镀层,进一步使用由树脂形成的树脂颗粒,通过电子照相方式形成绝缘层,由此形成电路基板。
可是,在由上述电子照相方式精度良好地形成衬底层和绝缘层时,需要控制含金属的树脂颗粒和树脂颗粒的带电量。在此,对于含金属的树脂颗粒和树脂颗粒的树脂,考虑其耐热性,使用以环氧树脂为主体的热固化性树脂。但是,由于环氧基亲水性高,易于吸湿,因此含金属的树脂颗粒和树脂颗粒的表面电阻降低,存在难以获得所需带电量的问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个形式,提供一种含金属的树脂颗粒,其特征为由含有大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂和在所述树脂中含有的金属微粒形成。
根据本发明的其它形式,提供一种树脂颗粒,其特征为由含有大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂形成。
根据本发明的其它形式,提供一种电路基板,其具有基底材料,在上述基底材料上使用权利要求1所述的含金属的树脂颗粒形成的含金属的树脂层,和通过将所述含金属的树脂层的金属微粒作为核、在所述含金属的树脂层上形成的镀层。
根据本发明的其它形式,提供一种电路基板,其具有基底材料,在所述基底材料上形成的镀层,和在所述镀层上使用权利要求5所述的树脂颗粒形成的树脂层。
根据本发明的其它形式,提供一种电路的制造方法,其特征为,在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的环境中实施形成含金属的树脂层的工序,该工序具备,形成可见影像的工序,即在形成了静电潜像的感光体表面上,通过静电吸附含金属的树脂颗粒从而形成可见影像,其中该含金属的树脂颗粒由包含大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂和在所述树脂中含有的金属微粒形成;转印工序,即将所述感光体表面上形成的由所述含金属的树脂颗粒形成的可见影像转印至基底材料上的工序。
根据本发明的其它形式,提供一种电路制造方法,其特征为,在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的环境中实施形成树脂层的工序,该工序具备,形成可见影像的工序,即在形成了静电潜像的感光体表面上,通过静电吸附树脂颗粒从而形成可见影像,其中该树脂颗粒由包含大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂形成;转印工序,即将所述感光体表面上形成的由所述树脂颗粒形成的可见影像转印至基底材料上的工序。
附图说明
图1为显示本发明一实施形式的电路基板的制造工序流程的流程图。
图2A~图2D为本发明一实施形式的电路基板示意性制造工序图。
图3为显示本发明一实施形式的衬底层形成装置操作状况的图。
图4为显示本发明一实施形式的绝缘层形成装置操作状况的图。
图5为显示实施例1的含金属的树脂颗粒的吸湿量和含金属的树脂颗粒的带电量关系的图。
图6为显示实施例2的树脂颗粒的吸湿量和树脂颗粒的带电量的关系的图。
图7为显示实施例3的放置时间和树脂颗粒吸湿量的关系的图。
具体实施方式
以下对实施形式进行说明。图1为显示本实施形式的电路基板的制造工序流程的流程图。图2A~图2D为本发明形式的电路基板的示意性制造工序图。图3为显示本实施形式的衬底层形成装置操作状况的图。图4为显示本实施形式的绝缘层形成装置的操作状况的图。
首先,通过采用电子照相方式的印刷在如图1和图2A所示的基底材料1上形成化学镀用衬底层2(步骤1)。衬底层2可使用图3所示的衬底层形成装置10形成。具体地,衬底层形成装置10主要由感光体鼓11、带电器12、激光发生·扫描器13、显影器14、转印器15、定影器16构成。在此,衬底层形成装置10配置在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的房间R内。
在形成衬底层2时,首先使得感光体鼓11沿着箭头方向旋转,同时由带电器12使得感光体鼓11的表面电位达到一定电位(例如为负电荷)而使其均一带电。作为具体的带电方法,包括スコロトロン带电法、辊带电法、刷带电法等。
此后,由激光发生·扫描器13根据图像信号对感光体鼓11照射激光13A,除去照射部分的负电荷,在感光体鼓11的表面上形成预定图案的电荷像(静电潜像)。
此后,通过供给机构,使得贮存在显影器14中的带电的含金属的树脂颗粒2A静电附着在感光体鼓11上的静电潜像上,形成可见影像。在显影器14中可适用公知的电子照相式复印系统中的干式或湿式调色剂转印技术。
当显影器14为干式的情况下,显影器14中贮存着粒径为3~50微米的含金属的树脂颗粒2A。在此,含金属的树脂颗粒2A更优选的粒径为5~10微米。另一方面,当显影器14为湿式的情况下,在显影器14中同时贮存着粒径为小于或等于3微米的含金属的树脂颗粒2A和作为溶剂的液体。
贮存在显影器14中的含金属的树脂颗粒2A,由供给机构提供给感光体鼓11上进行显影。此时,可采用正显影法或反转显影法。
含金属的树脂颗粒2A由含有大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂和在所述树脂中含有的金属微粒构成。树脂的吸湿量优选为以重量计4000~8000ppm。将树脂的吸湿量设定为以重量计500~14500ppm的原因是:当树脂的吸湿量在低于500ppm时,或者树脂的吸湿量超过14500ppm时,低于一般干式复印机可显影的带电量的下限值5μC/g。
作为树脂中所含的热固化性树脂,可使用常温下为固体的B阶热固化性树脂。所谓B阶,指的是热固化性树脂的至少一部分不固化,在施加预定的热时该未固化部分形成熔融状态。作为B阶热固化性树脂,可使用环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、酚树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、氰酸酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺-三嗪树脂、ベンジシクロブテン树脂、聚苯并唑树脂、丁二烯树脂、有机硅树脂、聚碳化二酰亚胺树脂、聚氨酯树脂等。
作为金属微粒,优选采用选自Pt、Pd、Cu、Au、Ni、Ag组成的组中的至少1种金属微粒。这些金属微粒成为后述的化学镀的核,具有促进镀反应进行的催化剂作用。其中特别优选使用Pd或Cu。
此后,在感光体鼓11的表面上,由含金属的树脂颗粒2A形成的可见影像(图案)由转印器15从感光体鼓11静电转印至所希望的基底材料1上。转印后的感光体鼓11通过图示中省略的清洁装置除去并回收残留在其表面上的含金属的树脂颗粒2A.
此后,将转印至基底材料1上的B阶含金属的树脂颗粒2A通过利用加热或光照射的定影器16,使得构成含金属的树脂颗粒2A的热固化性树脂熔融,形成含金属的树脂层2B。此后,由定影器16加热或照射光,使得含金属的树脂层2B固化,使得含金属的树脂层2B定影在基底材料1上。由此形成衬底层2。
在基底材料1上形成衬底层2后,通过图2B所示的化学镀,以衬底层2中所含的金属微粒作为核,在衬底层2上形成镀层3(步骤2)。另外,在本实施形式中虽然由化学镀形成镀层3,但是也可以通过化学镀和电镀两种方式形成镀层3。
为使得化学镀有效实施,在衬底层2上实施化学镀之前,也可以在衬底层2的表面上进行这样的处理,以使金属微粒的至少一部分突出。作为这种处理,可例举出使用了丙酮、异丙醇等的溶剂,酸、碱等的蚀刻、喷砂清理、气喷净法等。
在基底材料1上形成镀层3后,由利用电子照相方式的印刷,如图2C所示在基底材料1上形成电绝缘性的绝缘层4(步骤3)。绝缘层3可使用具有与衬底层形成装置10几乎一样构成的绝缘层形成装置20形成。在此,绝缘层形成装置20被配置在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的房间内。此外,在显影器14中,如图4所示,代替含金属的树脂颗粒2A贮存着树脂颗粒4A。
在形成绝缘层4时,首先使得感光体鼓11沿着箭头方向旋转,同时由带电器12使得感光体鼓11的表面电位成为一定电位(例如为负电荷)而使其均一地带电。
接着,使感光体鼓11的表面带电后,由激光发生器13根据图像信号对感光体鼓11照射激光13A,除去照射部分的负电荷,在感光体鼓11的表面上形成预定图案的电荷像(静电潜像)。
在感光体鼓11的表面形成静电潜像后,通过显影器14,使得带电的树脂颗粒4A静电附着在感光体鼓11的表面上,在感光体鼓11的表面上形成可见影像。显影器14中可适用公知的电子照相式复印系统中的干式或湿式调色剂转印技术。
当显影器14为干式的情况下,显影器14中贮存着粒径为3~50微米的树脂颗粒4A。在此,树脂颗粒4A更优选的粒径为8~15微米。另一方面,当显影器14为湿式的情况下,在显影器14中与粒径为小于或等于3微米的树脂颗粒4A一起贮存有作为溶剂的液体。在绝缘层4的形成中,从电绝缘性观点出发,优选绝缘层的厚度较厚,因此树脂颗粒4A的粒径优选比含金属的树脂颗粒2A大。
贮存在显影器14中的树脂颗粒4A,由供给机构提供给感光体鼓11,进行显影。此时,可采用正显影法或反转显影法。
树脂颗粒4A由含有大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂形成。树脂的吸湿量优选为以重量计4000~8000ppm。将树脂的吸湿量设定为以重量计500~14500ppm的原因是:当树脂的吸湿量在低于500ppm时,或者树脂的吸湿量超过14500ppm时,低于一般干式复印机可显影的带电量的下限值5μC/g。
作为树脂中所含的热固化性树脂,可使用常温下为固体的B阶热固化性树脂。作为B阶热固化性树脂,可使用环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、酚树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、氰酸酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺-三嗪树脂、ベンジシクロブテン树脂、聚苯并唑树脂、丁二烯树脂、有机硅树脂、聚碳化二酰亚胺树脂、聚氨酯树脂等。此外,树脂颗粒4A中也可分散以预定比例含有的二氧化硅等微粒,由此,特别是在多层布线基板中,可控制刚性、热膨胀系数等特性,可提高基板的可靠性。
在感光体鼓11的表面上形成可见图像(图案)后,由转印器15从感光体鼓11将其静电转印至所希望的基底材料1上。转印后的感光体鼓11由图示中省略的清洁装置除去并回收残留在其表面上的含金属的树脂颗粒4A。
在基底材料1上转印可见影像后,通过定影器16对可见影像加热,使构成可见影像的树脂颗粒4A软化,形成树脂层4B。此后,通过定影器16加热或照射光,使树脂层4B固化,使得树脂层4B定影在基底材料1上(步骤35)。由此由树脂层4B形成绝缘层4。
在基底材料上形成绝缘层4后,反复实施步骤1~步骤3.的电路形成工序,形成如图2D所示的多层电路基板5。
在本实施形式中,由于使用含金属的树脂颗粒2A,且其由含有大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂和在该树脂中含有的金属微粒形成。因此可将含金属的树脂颗粒2A的带电量控制在最佳范围中,可精度良好地形成衬底层2(含金属的树脂层2B)。
在本实施形式中,由于使用树脂颗粒4A,且其由含有大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂形成。因此可将树脂颗粒4A的带电量控制在最佳范围中,可精度良好地形成绝缘层4(树脂层4B)。
在本实施形式中,由于在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的房间R中形成衬底层2,因此可维持含金属的树脂颗粒2A的树脂吸湿量在小于或等于以重量计14500ppm,可精度良好地形成衬底层2(含金属的树脂层2B)。
在本实施形式中,由于在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的房间R中形成绝缘层4,因此可维持树脂颗粒4A的吸湿量以重量计小于或等于14500ppm,可精度良好地形成绝缘层4(树脂层4B)。
(实施例1)
以下对实施例1进行说明。在本实施形式中,对含金属的树脂颗粒的树脂的吸湿量最佳范围进行研究。
在本实施形式中,作为含金属的树脂颗粒,使用由50重量%的树脂和50重量%的金属微粒形成的、平均粒径为7.9微米的微粒。在此,树脂仅由环氧树脂构成,金属微粒由Cu构成。制作出多种吸湿量不同的含金属的树脂颗粒,在使这些含金属的树脂颗粒带电时,测定带电量。在此,含金属的树脂颗粒的树脂吸湿量是按照这种方式获得的数值:将含金属的树脂颗粒在真空环境中放置2天,将重量几乎无变化时的状态作为干燥状态,计算此后重量变化量占干燥状态的树脂重量的比例。
以下对结果进行描述。图5为显示本实施例的含金属的树脂颗粒的树脂吸湿量和含金属的树脂颗粒带电量关系的图。如图5所示,吸湿量为458ppm时,带电量为4.76μC/g。这是由于存在着发生了逆带电的含金属的树脂颗粒造成的。另一方面,当吸湿量为15424ppm时,带电量为3.52μC/g。这是由于含金属的树脂颗粒表面的电阻降低,难以带电造成的。在任何一种情况下,都低于一般干式复印机可显影的带电量的下限值5μC/g。在此可知,基于该曲线,如果需要带电量在大于或等于5μC/g的范围内时,吸湿量为以重量计500ppm~14500ppm时,带电量将大于或等于5μC/g。由该结果,可以确定含金属的树脂颗粒的树脂吸湿量的最佳范围为500ppm~14500ppm(以重量计)。
(实施例2)
以下对实施例2进行说明。在本实施形式中,对树脂颗粒的吸湿量最佳范围进行研究。
在本实施例中,作为树脂颗粒,使用仅由环氧树脂构成的、平均粒径为7.9微米的树脂微粒。制作出多种吸湿量不同的树脂颗粒,在使这些树脂颗粒带电时,测定带电量。在此,树脂颗粒的吸湿量是按照这种方式获得的数值:将树脂颗粒在真空环境中放置2天,将重量几乎无变化时的状态作为干燥状态,计算此后重量变化量占干燥状态的树脂颗粒重量的比例。
以下对结果进行描述。图6为显示本实施例的树脂颗粒的吸湿量和树脂颗粒的带电量的关系的图。如图6所示,吸湿量为以重量计443ppm时,带电量为4.82μC/g。这是由于存在着发生了逆带电的树脂颗粒造成的。另一方面,当吸湿量为以重量计15320ppm时,带电量为4.10μC/g。这是由于树脂颗粒表面的电阻降低,难以带电造成的。在任何一种情况下,都低于一般干式复印机可显影的带电量的下限值5μC/g。在此可知,基于该曲线,如果需要带电量在大于或等于5μC/g的范围内时,吸湿量为以重量计500ppm~14500ppm时,带电量将大于或等于5μC/g。由该结果,可以确定树脂颗粒吸湿量的最佳范围为以重量计500ppm~14500ppm。含金属的树脂颗粒的树脂和树脂颗粒中吸湿量最佳范围相同,这是由于含50重量%Cu的含金属的树脂颗粒的体积的89%为树脂,如果含金属的树脂颗粒和树脂颗粒的平均粒径相同的话,则树脂的表面积几乎无变化。
(实施例3)
以下对实施例3进行说明。在本实施例中,对树脂颗粒的吸湿量在以重量计小于或等于14500ppm时环境的相对湿度进行研究。
在本实施例中,制作出仅由环氧树脂构成的、平均粒径为8.5微米,11.4微米的2种树脂颗粒,将这些树脂颗粒分别放置在相对湿度为70%、80%的环境中,测定树脂颗粒的吸湿量。
以下对结果进行描述。图7为显示本实施例的放置时间和树脂颗粒的吸湿量的关系的图。如图7所示,树脂颗粒的吸湿量与平均粒径无关,在6小时左右,几乎达到饱和量,确认此后成为一定值。此外,可确定树脂颗粒的吸湿量根据放置树脂颗粒的环境的相对湿度不同而不同。即,将树脂颗粒放置在相对湿度为70%的环境中的情况下,吸湿量在14400ppm前后成为一定值,将树脂颗粒放置在相对湿度为80%的环境中的情况下,吸湿量在17300ppm前后成为一定值。由该结果可确认,将树脂颗粒放置在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的环境中的情况下,可获得吸湿量在小于或等于14500ppm的树脂颗粒。而树脂颗粒的平均粒径越小,每单位质量的表面积增大。因此尽管平均粒径为8.5微米的树脂颗粒比平均粒径为11.4微米的树脂颗粒的吸湿量大50ppm左右,但是对吸湿量的影响还是环境相对湿度的影响大,可认为实际上树脂颗粒的平均粒径范围没有相差太大。
本发明不受上述实施形式所记载的内容的限定,其结构、材质、各构件的配置等在不脱离本发明实质的范围内可适宜地变更。
Claims (20)
1.一种含金属的树脂颗粒,其特征为由含有大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂和在所述树脂中含有的金属微粒形成。
2.如权利要求1所述的含金属的树脂颗粒,其特征为所述树脂具有以重量计4000~8000ppm的吸湿量。
3.如权利要求1所述的含金属的树脂颗粒,其特征为所述树脂为B阶热固化性树脂。
4.如权利要求1所述的含金属的树脂颗粒,其特征为所述金属微粒为选自Pt、Pd、Cu、Au、Ni、Ag组成的组中的至少1种金属微粒。
5.一种树脂颗粒,其特征为由含有大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂形成。
6.如权利要求5所述的树脂颗粒,其特征为所述树脂具有以重量计4000~8000ppm的吸湿量。
7.如权利要求5所述的树脂颗粒,其特征为所述树脂为B阶热固化性树脂。
8.一种电路基板,其具有,
基底材料,
使用权利要求1所述的含金属的树脂颗粒在所述基底材料上形成的含金属的树脂层,
以所述金属微粒作为核、在所述含金属的树脂层上形成的镀层。
9.如权利要求8所述的电路基板,其特征为进一步具有使用权利要求5所述的树脂颗粒在所述镀层上形成的树脂层。
10.一种电路基板,其具有,
基底材料,
在所述基底材料上形成的镀层,
使用权利要求5所述的树脂颗粒在所述镀层上形成的树脂层。
11.一种电路的制造方法,其特征为在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的环境中实施形成含金属的树脂层的工序,该工序具有,
在形成了静电潜像的感光体表面上,静电吸附含金属的树脂颗粒从而形成可见影像的工序,其中该含金属的树脂颗粒由包含大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂和在所述树脂中含有的金属微粒形成,
将所述感光体表面上形成的由所述含金属的树脂颗粒形成的可见影像转印至基底材料上的工序。
12.如权利要求11所述的电路的制造方法,其特征为所述树脂具有以重量计4000~8000ppm的吸湿量。
13.如权利要求11所述的电路的制造方法,其特征为所述热固化性树脂为B阶热固化性树脂。
14.如权利要求11所述的电路的制造方法,其特征为所述金属微粒为选自Pt、Pd、Cu、Au、Ni、Ag组成的组中的至少1种金属微粒。
15.如权利要求11所述的电路的制造方法,其特征为进一步具备以所述金属微粒作为核,在所述含金属的树脂层上形成镀层的工序;和形成树脂层的工序,且在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的环境中实施形成所述树脂层的工序,所述形成树脂层的工序具有,
在形成了静电潜像的感光体表面上,静电吸树脂颗粒从而形成可见影像的工序,其中该树脂颗粒由包含大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂形成,
将所述感光体表面上形成的由所述树脂颗粒形成的可见影像转印至所述镀层上的工序。
16.如权利要求15所述的电路的制造方法,其特征为所述树脂颗粒具有以重量计4000~8000ppm的吸湿量。
17.如权利要求15所述的电路的制造方法,其特征为所述树脂颗粒的热固化性树脂为B阶热固化性树脂。
18.一种电路的制造方法,其特征为在相对湿度为小于或等于70%的环境中实施形成树脂层的工序,所述形成树脂层的工序具备,
在形成了静电潜像的感光体表面上,静电吸树脂颗粒从而形成可见影像的工序,其中该树脂颗粒由包含大于或等于50重量%的热固化性树脂,并且具有以重量计500~14500ppm吸湿量的树脂形成,
将在所述感光体表面上形成的由所述树脂颗粒形成的可见影像转印至所述基底材料上的工序。
19.如权利要求18所述的电路的制造方法,其特征为所述树脂具有以重量计4000~8000ppm的吸湿量。
20.如权利要求18所述的电路的制造方法,其特征为所述热固化性树脂为B阶热固化性树脂。
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JP2003435758A JP2005195690A (ja) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | 金属含有樹脂粒子、樹脂粒子、及び電子回路の製造方法 |
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KR101050214B1 (ko) * | 2009-04-09 | 2011-07-19 | 대덕지디에스 주식회사 | 다층 인쇄회로기판 및 그 제조방법 |
CN105573076A (zh) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-05-11 | 中物院成都科学技术发展中心 | 一种用于打印导电图案的粉末的制备方法 |
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KR20050067052A (ko) | 2005-06-30 |
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TW200525590A (en) | 2005-08-01 |
TWI256070B (en) | 2006-06-01 |
US20050158527A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
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US20100000083A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
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